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考点09 阅读理解之推理判断-【专项突破】2024年高考英语二轮复习核心考点精讲
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这是一份考点09 阅读理解之推理判断-【专项突破】2024年高考英语二轮复习核心考点精讲，文件包含考点9阅读理解之推理判断原卷版docx、考点9阅读理解之推理判断解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共22页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
考点9 阅读理解之推理判断
Part 1 题型详解：
推理判断考点是高考中的必考点。推理判断题的答案不是文章中直接找到的事实，而是通过分析文章细节推理判断出的答案。预测在2024高考中，推理推断会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
Part 2 常见设问方式：
What can be inferred frm
What can yu learn
What can we imply frm
Part 3 常见干扰项设置方式：
过度推理
以偏概全
照搬原文
Part 4 解题方法指导:
直接照搬原文的选项通常是错的，不符合推理判断的命题原则
关注同义词的替换，完成题干，文本和选项的完全匹配。
部分类型的推理判断题如What can yu learn 基本是对文本细节的改写，做题技巧和细节题一样
Part 5 真题检测
2023年北京卷英语真题
In recent years, researchers frm diverse fields have agreed that shrt-termism is nw a significant prblem in industrialised scieties. The inability t engage with lnger-term causes and cnsequences leads t sme f the wrld’s mst serius prblems: climate change, bidiversity cllapse, and mre. The histrian Francis Cle argues that the West has entered a perid where “nly the present exists, a present characterised at nce by the cruelty f the instant and by the bredm f an unending nw”.
It has been prved that peple have a bias (偏向) twards the present, fcusing n lud attractins in the mment at the expense f the health, well-being and financial stability f their future selves r cmmunity. In business, this bias surfaces as shrt-sighted decisins. And n slw-burning prblems like climate change, it translates int the unwillingness t make small sacrifices (牺牲) tday that culd make a majr difference tmrrw. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s prfit, r satisfying sme ther near-term desires.
These biased perspectives cannt be blamed n ne single cause. It is fair t say, thugh, that ur psychlgical biases play a majr rle. Peple’s hesitancy t delay satisfactin is the mst bvius example, but there are thers. One f them is abut hw the mst accessible infrmatin in the present affects decisins abut the future. Fr instance, yu might hear smene say: “It’s cld this winter, s I needn’t wrry abut glbal warming.”Anther is that lud and urgent matters are given t much imprtance, making peple ignre lnger-term trends that arguably matter mre. This is when a pp star draws far mre attentin than, say, gradual bidiversity decline.
As a psychlgist nce jked, if aliens (外星人) wanted t weaken humanity, they wuldn’t send ships; they wuld invent climate change. Indeed, when it cmes t envirnmental transfrmatins, we can develp a frm f cllective “pr memry”, and each new generatin can believe the state f affairs they encunter is nthing ut f the rdinary. Older peple tday, fr example, can remember a time with insect-cvered car windscreens after lng drives. Children, n the ther hand, have n idea that insect ppulatin has drpped dramatically.
2．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Climate change has been frgtten.
B．Lessns f histry are highly valued.
C．The human mind is bad at nting slw change.
D．Humans are unwilling t admit their shrtcmings.
2023年北京卷英语真题
What is life? Like mst great questins, this ne is easy t ask but difficult t answer. The reasn is simple: we knw f just ne type f life and it’s challenging t d science with a sample size f ne. The field f artificial life-called ALife fr shrt — is the systematic attempt t spell ut life’s fundamental principles. Many f these practitiners, s-called ALifers, think that smehw making life is the surest way t really understand what life is.
S far n ne has cnvincingly made artificial life. This track recrd makes ALife a ripe target fr criticism, such as declaratins f the field’s dubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a cmplexity scientist, is tired f such cmplaints. Asking abut “the pint” f ALife might be, well, missing the pint entirely, he says. “The existence f a living system is nt abut the use f anything.” Alan says. “Sme peple ask me, ‘S what’s the wrth f artificial life?’ D yu ever think, ‘What is the wrth f yur grandmther?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applicatins, the attempts t create artificial life culd have practical payffs. Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化). This is the capacity fr a system t create essentially endless cmplexity, t be a srt f “nvelty generatr”. The nly system knwn t exhibit this is Earth’s bisphere. If the field f ALife manages t reprduce life’s endless “creativity” in sme virtual mdel, thse same principles culd give rise t truly inventive machines.
Cmpared with the develpments f Al, advances in ALife are harder t recgnize. One reasn is that ALife is a field in which the central cncept — life itself — is undefined. The lack f agreement amng ALifers desn’t help either. The result is a diverse line f prjects that each advance alng their unique paths. Fr better r wrse, ALife mirrrs the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) prgressin is a striking parallel (平行线) t the evlutinary struggles that have shaped Earth bisphere.
Undefined and uncntrlled, ALife drives its fllwers t repurpse ld ideas and generated nvelty. It may be, f curse, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising r singular. They may apply universally t all acts f evlutin. Ultimately ALife may be nthing special. But even this dismissal suggests smething：perhaps, just like life itself thrughut the universe, the rise f ALife will prve unavidable.
6．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．ALife hlds the key t human future.B．ALife and AI share a cmmn feature.
C．AI mirrrs the develpments f ALife.D．AI speeds up the prcess f human evlutin.
2023年全国甲卷英语真题
Grizzly bears, which may grw t abut 2.5 m lng and weigh ver 400 kg, ccupy a cnflicted crner f the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the turists frm arund the wrld that fld int Yellwstne Natinal Park what they mst hpe t see, and their answer is ften the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-ccupying large areas f their frmer range,” says bear bilgist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range int places where they haven’t been seen in a century r mre, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half f the US was full f grizzlies when Eurpeans came, with a rugh number f 50,000 r mre living alngside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries f cruel and cntinuus hunting by settlers, 600 t 800 grizzlies remained n a mere 2 percent f their frmer range in the Nrthern Rckies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Tday, there are abut 2,000 r mre grizzly bears in the US. Their recvery has been s successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t delist grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t lawsuits frm cnservatin grups. Fr nw, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviusly, if precautins (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can becme trublesme, smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd. If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble. Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits,” says James Jnkel, lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula.
11．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Fd shuld be prvided fr grizzlies.
B．Peple can live in harmny with grizzlies.
C．A special path shuld be built fr grizzlies.
D．Technlgy can be intrduced t prtect grizzlies.
2023年全国乙卷英语真题
Living in Iwa and trying t becme a phtgrapher specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the crn state lacks gegraphical variatin.
Althugh landscapes in the Midwest tend t be quite similar, either farm fields r highways, smetimes I find distinctive character in the hills r lakes. T make sme f my landscape shts, I have traveled up t fur hurs away t sht within a 10-minute time frame. I tend t travel with a few f my friends t state parks r t the cuntryside t g n adventures and take phts alng the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style f phtgraphy. I ften leave early t seek the right destinatins s I can set up early t avid missing the mment I am attempting t phtgraph. I have missed plenty f beautiful sunsets/sunrises due t being n the spt nly five minutes befre the best mment.
One time my friends and I drve three hurs t Devil’s Lake, Wiscnsin, t climb the purple quartz (石英) rck arund the lake. After we fund a crazy-lking rad that hung ver a bunch f rcks, we decided t phtgraph the scene at sunset. The psitin enabled us t lk ver the lake with the sunset in the backgrund. We managed t leave this spt t climb higher because f the spare time until sunset. Hwever, we did nt mark the rute (路线) s we ended up almst missing the sunset entirely. Once we fund the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, lking back n the phts, they are sme f my best shts thugh they culd have been s much better if I wuld have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
14．What can we infer frm the authr’s trip with friends t Devil’s Lake?
A．They went crazy with the purple quartz rck.
B．They felt stressed while waiting fr the sunset.
C．They reached the shting spt later than expected.
D．They had prblems with their equipment.
2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷英语真题
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
16．What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．He was fnd f traveling.B．He enjyed being alne.
C．He had an inquiring mind.D．He lnged t be a dctr.
2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
20．What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A．She used t be a health wrker.B．She grew up in a lw-incme family.
C．She wns a fast fd restaurant.D．She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
26．What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 5?
A．Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B．Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C．The same nature experience takes different frms.
D．The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
2023年浙江省1月高考英语真题
Live with rmmates? Have friends and family arund yu? Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn.
I experienced this when I started switching t a zer waste lifestyle five years ag, as I was living with my parents, and I cntinue t experience this with my husband, as he is nt cmpletely zer waste like me. I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.
Zer waste was a radical lifestyle mvement a few years back. I remember shwing my parents a vide f Bea Jhnsn, sharing hw cl I thught it wuld be t buy grceries with jars, and have s little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars f zer waste grceries, and my dad cmmented n hw silly it was fr me t carry jars everywhere. It came ff as a bit discuraging.
Yet as the mnths f reducing waste cntinued, I did what I culd that was within my wn reach. I had my wn bedrm, s I wrked n remving things I didn’t need. Since I had my wn tiletries (洗漱用品), I was able t start persnalising my rutine t be mre sustainable. I als ffered t ck every s ften, s I prtined ut a bit f the cupbard fr my wn zer waste grceries. Perhaps yur husehld wn’t entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire.
As yu make yur lifestyle changes, yu may find yurself wanting t speak up fr yurself if thers cmment n what yu’re ding, which can turn itself int a whle husehld debate. If yu have individuals wh are nt n bard, yur wrds prbably wn’t d much and can ften leave yu feeling mre discuraged.
S here is my advice: Lead by actin.
30．What can we infer abut the authr?
A．She is quite gd at cking.B．She respects thers’ privacy.
C．She enjys being a husewife.D．She is a determined persn.
2023年浙江省1月高考英语真题
A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess, it can als utperfrm yu in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, als wrk with symbls. But fr humans, meaning is everything. When we cmmunicate, we cmmunicate meaning. What matters is nt just the utside f a string f symbls, but the inside t, nt just hw they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins. It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines. And that’s why, hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem, the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.
35．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．Scial interactin is key t understanding symbls.
B．The human brain has ptential yet t be develped.
C．Ancient philsphers set gd examples fr debaters.
D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
All arund the wrld, there are small changes taking place. At the side f rads, behind schl playgrunds and n all kinds f unlved pieces f land acrss twns and cities, tiny frests barely the size f tennis curts are appearing, making a great place fr bth wildlife and lcal peple wh may nt nrmally have easy access t nature. This is the Tiny Frest mvement, which aims t prve that the best things in life really d cme in small packages.
Tiny frests were first pineered as a cncept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese btanist. As he went n t share his cncept with thers, the idea sn tk ff in India and ther cuntries befre eventually reaching Eurpe, where it became ppular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
S hw des it wrk? Luise Hartley, wh is leading the Tiny Frest prject in the UK, explains that the prcess begins by identifying areas in which a tiny frest culd have the biggest influence. “We fcus n urban areas where access t nature is ften nt that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance t try t break the grwing discnnect between peple and nature.”
In a Tiny Frest, there must be a minimum f 600 trees, and the trees are planted much clser tgether and withut chemicals r fertilisers (肥料). There are usually arund 30 different kinds f all-native tree species (物种). This variety, cupled with the fact that tiny frests grw up t ten times faster than standard frests, means they attract a rich abundance f wildlife. It’s als thught that these places culd help reduce the risk f flding, remve carbn frm the atmsphere and fight climate change, as well as imprving the mental health f thse living lcally.
36．What d we knw abut the Tiny Frest mvement?
A．It has achieved ntable success.B．It is led by number f schls.
C．It began in Eurpe in the 1970s.D．It will spread t the cuntryside.
2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
Many peple believe that wrking t the maximum is the secret t success, but research has fund that mderatin(适度) als gets results n the jb.
In a study led by Ellen Langer f Harvard University, researchers asked peple t translate sentences int a new a made-up language. Subjects wh practiced the language mderately befrehand made fewer errrs than thse wh practiced extensively r nt at all. High levels f knwledge can make peple t attached t traditinal ways f viewing prblems acrss fields the arts, sciences, and plitics. High cnscientiusness is related t lwer jb perfrmance, especially in simple jbs where it desn’t pay t be a perfectinist.
Hw lng we stay n the clck and hw we spend that time are under careful examinatin in many wrkplaces. The yung banker wh eats lunch at his desk is prbably seen as a g-getter, while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice. “Peple frm cultures that value relatinships mre than urs des are shcked by the thught f eating alne in frnt f a cmputer”, says Art Markman, a prfessr f psychlgy at the University f Texas, Austin. Scial interactin has been shwn t lift md(情绪) and get peple thinking in new directins and in ways that culd help imprve any pst-lunch effrt.
Markman als prmtes ff-task time. “Part f being a gd thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated t what yu are wrking n at the mment but give yu fresh ideas abut yur wrk,” he says. “Als, there is a lt f research shwing that a psitive md leads t higher levels f prductivity and creativity. S, when peple d things t increase their life satisfactin, they als make themselves mre effective at wrk.”
41．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．A gd thinker is able t inspire ther peple.
B．Experience unrelated t yur jb is useless.
C．A cheerful md helps make a creative mind.
D．Fcusing n what yu d raises prductivity.
2022年北京卷英语真题
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was trubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability t d anything. I felt like a strm clud hung ver me. Fr almst a year I struggled n, cnstantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectinist tendencies were the main rt f this: I wanted t be perfect at whatever I did, which bviusly in life is nt pssible, but it cnsumed me.
One day, I attended a presentatin by wildlife cnservatinist Grant Brwn at my high schl. His presentatin nt nly awed and inspired me, but als helped emerge an inner desire t make a difference in the wrld. I jined a pre-presentatin dinner with him and that smaller setting allwed me t slwly build up my curage t speak ne-n-ne with him—an idea that had seemed cmpletely impssible. This first cntact was where my stry began.
A mnth later, Brwn invited me t attend the Wrld Yuth Wildlife Cnference. Lking back, I nw see that this wuld be the first in a series f timely pprtunities that my ld self wuld have let pass, but that this new and mre cnfident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shrtly after I received his invitatin, applicatins t jin the Yuth fr Nature and the Yuth fr Planet grups were sent arund thrugh my high schl. I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.
I am writing this just six mnths since my jurney began and I’ve realised that my biggest bstacle ( 障碍 ) this whle time was myself. It was that vice in the back f my head telling me that ne phrase that has stpped s many peple frm reaching their ptential: I can’t. They say gd things cme t thse wh wait; I say: grab every pprtunity with everything yu have and be impatient. After all, nature des nt require ur patience, but ur actin.
46．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．Practice makes perfect.B．Patience is a cure f anxiety.
C．Actin is wrry’s wrst enemy.D．Everything cmes t thse wh wait.
2022年北京卷英语真题
“What wuld the wrld be if there were n hunger?” It’s a questin that Prfessr Crystal wuld ask her students. They fund it hard t answer, she wrte later, because imagining smething that isn’t part f real life—and learning hw t make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught t artists and engineers, but much less ften t scientists. Crystal set ut t change that, and helped t create a glbal mvement. The result—an apprach knwn as systems thinking—is nw seen as essential in meeting glbal challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial t achieving targets such as zer hunger and better nutritin because it requires cnsidering the way in which fd is prduced, prcessed, delivered and cnsumed, and lking at hw thse things intersect (交叉 ) with human health, the envirnment, ecnmics and sciety. Accrding t systems thinking, changing the fd system—r any ther netwrk—requires three things t happen. First, researchers need t identify all the players in that system; secnd, they must wrk ut hw they relate t each ther; and third, they need t understand and quantify the impact f thse relatinships n each ther and n thse utside the system.
Take nutritin. In the latest UN reprt n glbal fd security, the number f undernurished (营养不良 )peple in the wrld has been rising, despite great advances in nutritin science. Tracking f 150 bichemicals in fd has been imprtant in revealing the relatinships between calries, sugar, fat and the ccurrence f cmmn diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, sme scientists prpse that human diets cnsist f at least 26,000 bichemicals—and that the vast majrity are nt knwn. This shws that we have sme way t travel befre achieving the first bjective f systems thinking - which,in this example, is t identify mre cnstituent parts f the nutritin system.
A systems apprach t creating change is als built n the assumptin that everyne in the system has equal pwer. But as sme researchers find, the fd system is nt an equal ne. A gd way t redress (修正 ) such pwer imbalance is fr mre universities t d what Crystal did and teach students hw t think using a systems apprach.
Mre researchers, plicymakers and representatives frm the fd industry must learn t lk beynd their direct lines f respnsibility and adpt a systems apprach. Crystal knew that visins alne dn’t prduce results, but cncluded that “we’ll never prduce results that we can’t envisin”.
48．What can be inferred abut the field f nutritin?
A．The first bjective f systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B．The relatinships amng players have been clarified.
C．Machine learning can slve the nutritin prblem.
D．The impact f nutritin cannt be quantified.
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.
Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star — tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.
53．What can we learn abut the authr as a jurnalist?
A．He lacks experience in his jb.B．He seldm appears n televisin.
C．He manages a vide department.D．He ften interviews internet stars.
2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语真题
The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing. It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ”
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
57．What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．It is well received.B．It needs t be mre creative.
C．It is highly prfitable.D．It takes ages t see the results.
2022年全国乙卷英语真题
In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, N. Y. — Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd — traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. The girls had gne t Smith Cllege. They wre expensive clthes. S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted: The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden, wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they g then? Well, they wanted t d smething useful. Sn, hwever, they realized what they had undertaken.
They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning. Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children weeping frm the cld. In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.
In Wickenden’s bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.
Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism (坚忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff, n her hrse, lking dwn frm a hill tp: “When the sun slipped behind the muntains, it shed a rsy glw all arund them. Then a full mn rse. The snw was marked nly by small animals: fxes, cytes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
59．What can we learn abut the girls frm paragraph 3?
A．They enjyed much respect.B．They had a rm with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the lcal kids.D．They suffered severe hardships.
2022年全国甲卷英语真题
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there — brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解决).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
63．What can we learn abut Andrew Reynlds?
A．He ges t wrk by bat.B．He lks frward t a new life.
C．He pilts catamarans well.D．He is attached t the ld ferries.
2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
Fr nearly a decade nw, Merebeth has been a self-emplyed pet transprt specialist. Her pet transprt jb was brn f the financial crisis(危机)in the late 2000s. The dwnturn hit the real estate (房地产)firm where she had wrked fr ten years as an ffice manager. The firm went brke and left her lking fr a new jb. One day, while driving near her hme, she saw a dg wandering n the rad, clearly lst. She tk it hme, and her sister in Denver agreed t take it. This was a lving hme fr sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn’t take lng fr Merebeth t decide t drive the dg there herself. It was her first rad trip t her new jb.
Merebeth’s pet delivery service als satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her t every state in the US except Mntana, Washingtn and Oregn, she says prudly. If she wants t visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transprt needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven thrugh 55 mph winds in Wyming, heavy flding and strms in Alabama and ttal whiteut cnditins in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited frm her father, she says. She mved their family frm Canada t Califrnia when she was ne year ld, because he wanted them t explre a new place tgether. As sn as she graduated frm high schl she left hme t live n Catalina Island ff the Califrnian cast, away frm her parents, where she enjyed a life f sailing and ff-rad biking.
It turns ut that pet transprting pays quite well at abut $30, 000 per year befre tax. She desn’t wrk in summer, as it wuld be unpleasantly ht fr the animals in the car, even with air cnditining. As autumn cmes, she gets restless—the same ld wanderlust returning. It’s a call she must heed alne, thugh. Merebeth says, “When I am n the rad, I’m just in my wn wrld. I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strngly that I must help animals.”
68．What can we learn abut Merebeth in her new jb?
A．She has chances t see rare animals.
B．She wrks hard thrughut the year.
C．She relies n herself the whle time.
D．She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
The United States rse t glbal pwer n the strength f its technlgy, and the lifebld that technlgy has lng been electricity. By prviding lng-distance cmmunicatin and energy, electricity created the mdem wrld. Yet prperly understd, the age f electricity is merely the secnd stage in the age f steam, which began a century earlier.
"It is curius that n ne has put tgether a histry f bth the steam and electric revlutins." writes Maury Klein in his bk The Pwer Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Mdern America. Klein, a nted histrian f technlgy, spins a narrative s lively that at times it reads like a nvel.
The stry begins in the last years f the 18th century in Sctland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the wrld". Klein writes, "America did nt invent the steam engine, but nce they grasped its passwrds they put it t mre uses than anyne else. "
Meanwhile, ver the curse f 19th century, electricity went frm mere curisity t a basic necessity. Mrse invented a cde fr sending messages ver an electrmagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a vice. Edisn perfected an incandescent bulls that brught electric light int the American hme.
Mst imprtantly, Edisn realized that success depended n mass electrificatin, which he shwed in New Yrk City. With help frm Tesla, Westinghuse's firm develped a system using alternating current, which sn became the majr frms f pwer delivery.
T frame his stry, Klein creates the character f Ned, a fictinal witness t the prgress brught abut by the steams and electric revlutins in America during ne man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a lng narrative int an interesting ne.
70．What can be inferred abut Ned?
A．He was brn in New Yrk City.B．He wrte many increasing stries,
C．He created an electricity cmpany.D．He lived mainly in the 19th century.
2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there’s a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list. New researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia in later life, and as they did, it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Hrder, f the University f Gthenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s pssible that imprving peple's cardivascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia. "
Fr the study, 191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted t measure their peak （最大值的） cardivascular capacity. The average peak wrklad was measured at 103 watts.
A ttal f 40 wmen met the criteria fr a high fitness level, r 120 watts r higher. A ttal f 92 wmen were in the medium fitness categry; and 59 wmen were in the lw fitness categry, defined as a peak wrklad f 80 watts r less, r having their exercise tests stpped because f high bld pressure, chest pain r ther cardivascular prblems.
These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades. During that time, 44 f the wmen develped dementia. Five percent f the highly fit wmen develped dementia, cmpared t 25 percent f the wmen with medium fitness and 32 percent f the wmen with lw fitness.
"Hwever, this study des nt shw cause and effect between cardivascular fitness and dementia, it nly shws an assciatin. Mre research is needed t see if imprved fitness culd have a psitive effect n the risk f dementia and als t lk at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is mst imprtant. " She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied, all f whm were frm Sweden, s the results might nt be applicable t ther grups.
74．What d we knw abut Dr Hrder's study?
A．It aimed t find a cure fr dementia.
B．Data cllectin was a lengthy prcess.
C．Sme participants withdrew frm it.
D．The results were far frm satisfactry.
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
考点9 阅读理解之推理判断
Part 1 题型详解：
推理判断考点是高考中的必考点。推理判断题的答案不是文章中直接找到的事实，而是通过分析文章细节推理判断出的答案。预测在2024高考中，推理推断会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
Part 2 常见设问方式：
What can be inferred frm
What can yu learn
What can we imply frm
Part 3 常见干扰项设置方式：
过度推理
以偏概全
照搬原文
Part 4 解题方法指导:
直接照搬原文的选项通常是错的，不符合推理判断的命题原则
关注同义词的替换，完成题干，文本和选项的完全匹配。
部分类型的推理判断题如What can yu learn 基本是对文本细节的改写，做题技巧和细节题一样
Part 5 真题检测
2023年北京卷英语真题
In recent years, researchers frm diverse fields have agreed that shrt-termism is nw a significant prblem in industrialised scieties. The inability t engage with lnger-term causes and cnsequences leads t sme f the wrld’s mst serius prblems: climate change, bidiversity cllapse, and mre. The histrian Francis Cle argues that the West has entered a perid where “nly the present exists, a present characterised at nce by the cruelty f the instant and by the bredm f an unending nw”.
It has been prved that peple have a bias (偏向) twards the present, fcusing n lud attractins in the mment at the expense f the health, well-being and financial stability f their future selves r cmmunity. In business, this bias surfaces as shrt-sighted decisins. And n slw-burning prblems like climate change, it translates int the unwillingness t make small sacrifices (牺牲) tday that culd make a majr difference tmrrw. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s prfit, r satisfying sme ther near-term desires.
These biased perspectives cannt be blamed n ne single cause. It is fair t say, thugh, that ur psychlgical biases play a majr rle. Peple’s hesitancy t delay satisfactin is the mst bvius example, but there are thers. One f them is abut hw the mst accessible infrmatin in the present affects decisins abut the future. Fr instance, yu might hear smene say: “It’s cld this winter, s I needn’t wrry abut glbal warming.”Anther is that lud and urgent matters are given t much imprtance, making peple ignre lnger-term trends that arguably matter mre. This is when a pp star draws far mre attentin than, say, gradual bidiversity decline.
As a psychlgist nce jked, if aliens (外星人) wanted t weaken humanity, they wuldn’t send ships; they wuld invent climate change. Indeed, when it cmes t envirnmental transfrmatins, we can develp a frm f cllective “pr memry”, and each new generatin can believe the state f affairs they encunter is nthing ut f the rdinary. Older peple tday, fr example, can remember a time with insect-cvered car windscreens after lng drives. Children, n the ther hand, have n idea that insect ppulatin has drpped dramatically.
2．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Climate change has been frgtten.
B．Lessns f histry are highly valued.
C．The human mind is bad at nting slw change.
D．Humans are unwilling t admit their shrtcmings.
2023年北京卷英语真题
What is life? Like mst great questins, this ne is easy t ask but difficult t answer. The reasn is simple: we knw f just ne type f life and it’s challenging t d science with a sample size f ne. The field f artificial life-called ALife fr shrt — is the systematic attempt t spell ut life’s fundamental principles. Many f these practitiners, s-called ALifers, think that smehw making life is the surest way t really understand what life is.
S far n ne has cnvincingly made artificial life. This track recrd makes ALife a ripe target fr criticism, such as declaratins f the field’s dubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a cmplexity scientist, is tired f such cmplaints. Asking abut “the pint” f ALife might be, well, missing the pint entirely, he says. “The existence f a living system is nt abut the use f anything.” Alan says. “Sme peple ask me, ‘S what’s the wrth f artificial life?’ D yu ever think, ‘What is the wrth f yur grandmther?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applicatins, the attempts t create artificial life culd have practical payffs. Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化). This is the capacity fr a system t create essentially endless cmplexity, t be a srt f “nvelty generatr”. The nly system knwn t exhibit this is Earth’s bisphere. If the field f ALife manages t reprduce life’s endless “creativity” in sme virtual mdel, thse same principles culd give rise t truly inventive machines.
Cmpared with the develpments f Al, advances in ALife are harder t recgnize. One reasn is that ALife is a field in which the central cncept — life itself — is undefined. The lack f agreement amng ALifers desn’t help either. The result is a diverse line f prjects that each advance alng their unique paths. Fr better r wrse, ALife mirrrs the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) prgressin is a striking parallel (平行线) t the evlutinary struggles that have shaped Earth bisphere.
Undefined and uncntrlled, ALife drives its fllwers t repurpse ld ideas and generated nvelty. It may be, f curse, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising r singular. They may apply universally t all acts f evlutin. Ultimately ALife may be nthing special. But even this dismissal suggests smething：perhaps, just like life itself thrughut the universe, the rise f ALife will prve unavidable.
6．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．ALife hlds the key t human future.B．ALife and AI share a cmmn feature.
C．AI mirrrs the develpments f ALife.D．AI speeds up the prcess f human evlutin.
2023年全国甲卷英语真题
Grizzly bears, which may grw t abut 2.5 m lng and weigh ver 400 kg, ccupy a cnflicted crner f the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the turists frm arund the wrld that fld int Yellwstne Natinal Park what they mst hpe t see, and their answer is ften the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-ccupying large areas f their frmer range,” says bear bilgist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range int places where they haven’t been seen in a century r mre, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half f the US was full f grizzlies when Eurpeans came, with a rugh number f 50,000 r mre living alngside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries f cruel and cntinuus hunting by settlers, 600 t 800 grizzlies remained n a mere 2 percent f their frmer range in the Nrthern Rckies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Tday, there are abut 2,000 r mre grizzly bears in the US. Their recvery has been s successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t delist grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t lawsuits frm cnservatin grups. Fr nw, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviusly, if precautins (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can becme trublesme, smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd. If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble. Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits,” says James Jnkel, lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula.
11．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Fd shuld be prvided fr grizzlies.
B．Peple can live in harmny with grizzlies.
C．A special path shuld be built fr grizzlies.
D．Technlgy can be intrduced t prtect grizzlies.
2023年全国乙卷英语真题
Living in Iwa and trying t becme a phtgrapher specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the crn state lacks gegraphical variatin.
Althugh landscapes in the Midwest tend t be quite similar, either farm fields r highways, smetimes I find distinctive character in the hills r lakes. T make sme f my landscape shts, I have traveled up t fur hurs away t sht within a 10-minute time frame. I tend t travel with a few f my friends t state parks r t the cuntryside t g n adventures and take phts alng the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style f phtgraphy. I ften leave early t seek the right destinatins s I can set up early t avid missing the mment I am attempting t phtgraph. I have missed plenty f beautiful sunsets/sunrises due t being n the spt nly five minutes befre the best mment.
One time my friends and I drve three hurs t Devil’s Lake, Wiscnsin, t climb the purple quartz (石英) rck arund the lake. After we fund a crazy-lking rad that hung ver a bunch f rcks, we decided t phtgraph the scene at sunset. The psitin enabled us t lk ver the lake with the sunset in the backgrund. We managed t leave this spt t climb higher because f the spare time until sunset. Hwever, we did nt mark the rute (路线) s we ended up almst missing the sunset entirely. Once we fund the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, lking back n the phts, they are sme f my best shts thugh they culd have been s much better if I wuld have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
14．What can we infer frm the authr’s trip with friends t Devil’s Lake?
A．They went crazy with the purple quartz rck.
B．They felt stressed while waiting fr the sunset.
C．They reached the shting spt later than expected.
D．They had prblems with their equipment.
2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷英语真题
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
16．What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．He was fnd f traveling.B．He enjyed being alne.
C．He had an inquiring mind.D．He lnged t be a dctr.
2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
20．What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A．She used t be a health wrker.B．She grew up in a lw-incme family.
C．She wns a fast fd restaurant.D．She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
26．What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 5?
A．Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B．Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C．The same nature experience takes different frms.
D．The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
2023年浙江省1月高考英语真题
Live with rmmates? Have friends and family arund yu? Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn.
I experienced this when I started switching t a zer waste lifestyle five years ag, as I was living with my parents, and I cntinue t experience this with my husband, as he is nt cmpletely zer waste like me. I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.
Zer waste was a radical lifestyle mvement a few years back. I remember shwing my parents a vide f Bea Jhnsn, sharing hw cl I thught it wuld be t buy grceries with jars, and have s little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars f zer waste grceries, and my dad cmmented n hw silly it was fr me t carry jars everywhere. It came ff as a bit discuraging.
Yet as the mnths f reducing waste cntinued, I did what I culd that was within my wn reach. I had my wn bedrm, s I wrked n remving things I didn’t need. Since I had my wn tiletries (洗漱用品), I was able t start persnalising my rutine t be mre sustainable. I als ffered t ck every s ften, s I prtined ut a bit f the cupbard fr my wn zer waste grceries. Perhaps yur husehld wn’t entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire.
As yu make yur lifestyle changes, yu may find yurself wanting t speak up fr yurself if thers cmment n what yu’re ding, which can turn itself int a whle husehld debate. If yu have individuals wh are nt n bard, yur wrds prbably wn’t d much and can ften leave yu feeling mre discuraged.
S here is my advice: Lead by actin.
30．What can we infer abut the authr?
A．She is quite gd at cking.B．She respects thers’ privacy.
C．She enjys being a husewife.D．She is a determined persn.
2023年浙江省1月高考英语真题
A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess, it can als utperfrm yu in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, als wrk with symbls. But fr humans, meaning is everything. When we cmmunicate, we cmmunicate meaning. What matters is nt just the utside f a string f symbls, but the inside t, nt just hw they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins. It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines. And that’s why, hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem, the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.
35．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．Scial interactin is key t understanding symbls.
B．The human brain has ptential yet t be develped.
C．Ancient philsphers set gd examples fr debaters.
D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
All arund the wrld, there are small changes taking place. At the side f rads, behind schl playgrunds and n all kinds f unlved pieces f land acrss twns and cities, tiny frests barely the size f tennis curts are appearing, making a great place fr bth wildlife and lcal peple wh may nt nrmally have easy access t nature. This is the Tiny Frest mvement, which aims t prve that the best things in life really d cme in small packages.
Tiny frests were first pineered as a cncept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese btanist. As he went n t share his cncept with thers, the idea sn tk ff in India and ther cuntries befre eventually reaching Eurpe, where it became ppular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
S hw des it wrk? Luise Hartley, wh is leading the Tiny Frest prject in the UK, explains that the prcess begins by identifying areas in which a tiny frest culd have the biggest influence. “We fcus n urban areas where access t nature is ften nt that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance t try t break the grwing discnnect between peple and nature.”
In a Tiny Frest, there must be a minimum f 600 trees, and the trees are planted much clser tgether and withut chemicals r fertilisers (肥料). There are usually arund 30 different kinds f all-native tree species (物种). This variety, cupled with the fact that tiny frests grw up t ten times faster than standard frests, means they attract a rich abundance f wildlife. It’s als thught that these places culd help reduce the risk f flding, remve carbn frm the atmsphere and fight climate change, as well as imprving the mental health f thse living lcally.
36．What d we knw abut the Tiny Frest mvement?
A．It has achieved ntable success.B．It is led by number f schls.
C．It began in Eurpe in the 1970s.D．It will spread t the cuntryside.
2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
Many peple believe that wrking t the maximum is the secret t success, but research has fund that mderatin(适度) als gets results n the jb.
In a study led by Ellen Langer f Harvard University, researchers asked peple t translate sentences int a new a made-up language. Subjects wh practiced the language mderately befrehand made fewer errrs than thse wh practiced extensively r nt at all. High levels f knwledge can make peple t attached t traditinal ways f viewing prblems acrss fields the arts, sciences, and plitics. High cnscientiusness is related t lwer jb perfrmance, especially in simple jbs where it desn’t pay t be a perfectinist.
Hw lng we stay n the clck and hw we spend that time are under careful examinatin in many wrkplaces. The yung banker wh eats lunch at his desk is prbably seen as a g-getter, while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice. “Peple frm cultures that value relatinships mre than urs des are shcked by the thught f eating alne in frnt f a cmputer”, says Art Markman, a prfessr f psychlgy at the University f Texas, Austin. Scial interactin has been shwn t lift md(情绪) and get peple thinking in new directins and in ways that culd help imprve any pst-lunch effrt.
Markman als prmtes ff-task time. “Part f being a gd thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated t what yu are wrking n at the mment but give yu fresh ideas abut yur wrk,” he says. “Als, there is a lt f research shwing that a psitive md leads t higher levels f prductivity and creativity. S, when peple d things t increase their life satisfactin, they als make themselves mre effective at wrk.”
41．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．A gd thinker is able t inspire ther peple.
B．Experience unrelated t yur jb is useless.
C．A cheerful md helps make a creative mind.
D．Fcusing n what yu d raises prductivity.
2022年北京卷英语真题
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was trubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability t d anything. I felt like a strm clud hung ver me. Fr almst a year I struggled n, cnstantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectinist tendencies were the main rt f this: I wanted t be perfect at whatever I did, which bviusly in life is nt pssible, but it cnsumed me.
One day, I attended a presentatin by wildlife cnservatinist Grant Brwn at my high schl. His presentatin nt nly awed and inspired me, but als helped emerge an inner desire t make a difference in the wrld. I jined a pre-presentatin dinner with him and that smaller setting allwed me t slwly build up my curage t speak ne-n-ne with him—an idea that had seemed cmpletely impssible. This first cntact was where my stry began.
A mnth later, Brwn invited me t attend the Wrld Yuth Wildlife Cnference. Lking back, I nw see that this wuld be the first in a series f timely pprtunities that my ld self wuld have let pass, but that this new and mre cnfident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shrtly after I received his invitatin, applicatins t jin the Yuth fr Nature and the Yuth fr Planet grups were sent arund thrugh my high schl. I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.
I am writing this just six mnths since my jurney began and I’ve realised that my biggest bstacle ( 障碍 ) this whle time was myself. It was that vice in the back f my head telling me that ne phrase that has stpped s many peple frm reaching their ptential: I can’t. They say gd things cme t thse wh wait; I say: grab every pprtunity with everything yu have and be impatient. After all, nature des nt require ur patience, but ur actin.
46．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．Practice makes perfect.B．Patience is a cure f anxiety.
C．Actin is wrry’s wrst enemy.D．Everything cmes t thse wh wait.
2022年北京卷英语真题
“What wuld the wrld be if there were n hunger?” It’s a questin that Prfessr Crystal wuld ask her students. They fund it hard t answer, she wrte later, because imagining smething that isn’t part f real life—and learning hw t make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught t artists and engineers, but much less ften t scientists. Crystal set ut t change that, and helped t create a glbal mvement. The result—an apprach knwn as systems thinking—is nw seen as essential in meeting glbal challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial t achieving targets such as zer hunger and better nutritin because it requires cnsidering the way in which fd is prduced, prcessed, delivered and cnsumed, and lking at hw thse things intersect (交叉 ) with human health, the envirnment, ecnmics and sciety. Accrding t systems thinking, changing the fd system—r any ther netwrk—requires three things t happen. First, researchers need t identify all the players in that system; secnd, they must wrk ut hw they relate t each ther; and third, they need t understand and quantify the impact f thse relatinships n each ther and n thse utside the system.
Take nutritin. In the latest UN reprt n glbal fd security, the number f undernurished (营养不良 )peple in the wrld has been rising, despite great advances in nutritin science. Tracking f 150 bichemicals in fd has been imprtant in revealing the relatinships between calries, sugar, fat and the ccurrence f cmmn diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, sme scientists prpse that human diets cnsist f at least 26,000 bichemicals—and that the vast majrity are nt knwn. This shws that we have sme way t travel befre achieving the first bjective f systems thinking - which,in this example, is t identify mre cnstituent parts f the nutritin system.
A systems apprach t creating change is als built n the assumptin that everyne in the system has equal pwer. But as sme researchers find, the fd system is nt an equal ne. A gd way t redress (修正 ) such pwer imbalance is fr mre universities t d what Crystal did and teach students hw t think using a systems apprach.
Mre researchers, plicymakers and representatives frm the fd industry must learn t lk beynd their direct lines f respnsibility and adpt a systems apprach. Crystal knew that visins alne dn’t prduce results, but cncluded that “we’ll never prduce results that we can’t envisin”.
48．What can be inferred abut the field f nutritin?
A．The first bjective f systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B．The relatinships amng players have been clarified.
C．Machine learning can slve the nutritin prblem.
D．The impact f nutritin cannt be quantified.
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.
Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star — tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.
53．What can we learn abut the authr as a jurnalist?
A．He lacks experience in his jb.B．He seldm appears n televisin.
C．He manages a vide department.D．He ften interviews internet stars.
2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语真题
The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing. It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ”
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
57．What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．It is well received.B．It needs t be mre creative.
C．It is highly prfitable.D．It takes ages t see the results.
2022年全国乙卷英语真题
In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, N. Y. — Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd — traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. The girls had gne t Smith Cllege. They wre expensive clthes. S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted: The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden, wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they g then? Well, they wanted t d smething useful. Sn, hwever, they realized what they had undertaken.
They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning. Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children weeping frm the cld. In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.
In Wickenden’s bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.
Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism (坚忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff, n her hrse, lking dwn frm a hill tp: “When the sun slipped behind the muntains, it shed a rsy glw all arund them. Then a full mn rse. The snw was marked nly by small animals: fxes, cytes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
59．What can we learn abut the girls frm paragraph 3?
A．They enjyed much respect.B．They had a rm with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the lcal kids.D．They suffered severe hardships.
2022年全国甲卷英语真题
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there — brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解决).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
63．What can we learn abut Andrew Reynlds?
A．He ges t wrk by bat.B．He lks frward t a new life.
C．He pilts catamarans well.D．He is attached t the ld ferries.
2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
Fr nearly a decade nw, Merebeth has been a self-emplyed pet transprt specialist. Her pet transprt jb was brn f the financial crisis(危机)in the late 2000s. The dwnturn hit the real estate (房地产)firm where she had wrked fr ten years as an ffice manager. The firm went brke and left her lking fr a new jb. One day, while driving near her hme, she saw a dg wandering n the rad, clearly lst. She tk it hme, and her sister in Denver agreed t take it. This was a lving hme fr sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn’t take lng fr Merebeth t decide t drive the dg there herself. It was her first rad trip t her new jb.
Merebeth’s pet delivery service als satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her t every state in the US except Mntana, Washingtn and Oregn, she says prudly. If she wants t visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transprt needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven thrugh 55 mph winds in Wyming, heavy flding and strms in Alabama and ttal whiteut cnditins in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited frm her father, she says. She mved their family frm Canada t Califrnia when she was ne year ld, because he wanted them t explre a new place tgether. As sn as she graduated frm high schl she left hme t live n Catalina Island ff the Califrnian cast, away frm her parents, where she enjyed a life f sailing and ff-rad biking.
It turns ut that pet transprting pays quite well at abut $30, 000 per year befre tax. She desn’t wrk in summer, as it wuld be unpleasantly ht fr the animals in the car, even with air cnditining. As autumn cmes, she gets restless—the same ld wanderlust returning. It’s a call she must heed alne, thugh. Merebeth says, “When I am n the rad, I’m just in my wn wrld. I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strngly that I must help animals.”
68．What can we learn abut Merebeth in her new jb?
A．She has chances t see rare animals.
B．She wrks hard thrughut the year.
C．She relies n herself the whle time.
D．She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
The United States rse t glbal pwer n the strength f its technlgy, and the lifebld that technlgy has lng been electricity. By prviding lng-distance cmmunicatin and energy, electricity created the mdem wrld. Yet prperly understd, the age f electricity is merely the secnd stage in the age f steam, which began a century earlier.
"It is curius that n ne has put tgether a histry f bth the steam and electric revlutins." writes Maury Klein in his bk The Pwer Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Mdern America. Klein, a nted histrian f technlgy, spins a narrative s lively that at times it reads like a nvel.
The stry begins in the last years f the 18th century in Sctland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the wrld". Klein writes, "America did nt invent the steam engine, but nce they grasped its passwrds they put it t mre uses than anyne else. "
Meanwhile, ver the curse f 19th century, electricity went frm mere curisity t a basic necessity. Mrse invented a cde fr sending messages ver an electrmagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a vice. Edisn perfected an incandescent bulls that brught electric light int the American hme.
Mst imprtantly, Edisn realized that success depended n mass electrificatin, which he shwed in New Yrk City. With help frm Tesla, Westinghuse's firm develped a system using alternating current, which sn became the majr frms f pwer delivery.
T frame his stry, Klein creates the character f Ned, a fictinal witness t the prgress brught abut by the steams and electric revlutins in America during ne man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a lng narrative int an interesting ne.
70．What can be inferred abut Ned?
A．He was brn in New Yrk City.B．He wrte many increasing stries,
C．He created an electricity cmpany.D．He lived mainly in the 19th century.
2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there’s a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list. New researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia in later life, and as they did, it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Hrder, f the University f Gthenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s pssible that imprving peple's cardivascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia. "
Fr the study, 191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted t measure their peak （最大值的） cardivascular capacity. The average peak wrklad was measured at 103 watts.
A ttal f 40 wmen met the criteria fr a high fitness level, r 120 watts r higher. A ttal f 92 wmen were in the medium fitness categry; and 59 wmen were in the lw fitness categry, defined as a peak wrklad f 80 watts r less, r having their exercise tests stpped because f high bld pressure, chest pain r ther cardivascular prblems.
These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades. During that time, 44 f the wmen develped dementia. Five percent f the highly fit wmen develped dementia, cmpared t 25 percent f the wmen with medium fitness and 32 percent f the wmen with lw fitness.
"Hwever, this study des nt shw cause and effect between cardivascular fitness and dementia, it nly shws an assciatin. Mre research is needed t see if imprved fitness culd have a psitive effect n the risk f dementia and als t lk at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is mst imprtant. " She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied, all f whm were frm Sweden, s the results might nt be applicable t ther grups.
74．What d we knw abut Dr Hrder's study?
A．It aimed t find a cure fr dementia.
B．Data cllectin was a lengthy prcess.
C．Sme participants withdrew frm it.
D．The results were far frm satisfactry.
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