考点12 阅读理解之细节理解-【专项突破】2024年高考英语二轮复习核心考点精讲

这是一份考点12 阅读理解之细节理解-【专项突破】2024年高考英语二轮复习核心考点精讲，文件包含考点12阅读理解之细节理解原卷版docx、考点12阅读理解之细节理解解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共21页， 欢迎下载使用。

一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
考点12 阅读理解之细节理解
Part 1 题型详解：
细节理解考点是高考中的必考点，这类题型主要考查考生通过阅读文章理解文本中的具体事实和相关细节，并获取直接信息。预测在2024高考中，直接信息题会在广告信息文章中和记叙文、说明文中的部分试题中呈现。
Part 2 常见设问方式：
题干中会出现when/why/hw/what/which等相关的提问
Part 3 解题方法指导:
根据题干关键词精准定位原文信息
保证题干、文本和选项之间的信息对应与匹配
关注同义词替换，同根词
Part 4 真题检测:
2023年北京卷英语真题
The Internatinal Olympic Cmmittee(IOC)Yung Leaders prgramme empwers talents t make a psitive difference in their cmmunities thrugh sprt. Twenty-five Yung Leaders are being selected every tw years fr a fur-year perid. They prmte the Olympic values, spreading the message f sprt fr gd.
T be an IOC Yung Leader, yu need t first cmplete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (冲刺).
4-Week Learning Sprint
The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during Nvember 2023, is a virtual learning prgramme. The sessins can be attended live r watched back after they are made available n the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked t cmplete a tpic﹣specific reflectin task.
The 4-Week Learning Sprint is pen t anyne, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.
After successfully cmpleting the 4-Week Learning Sprint, yu will need t submit a plan fr a sprt﹣based prject, which yu will wrk n if selected as an IOC Yung Leader.
Requirements fr the Applicants
•Yu have successfully cmpleted the 4-Week Learning Sprint.
•Yu have cmpleted yur high schl studies.
•Yu have at least ne year f wrk experience.
•Yu have strng public speaking skills.
•Yu are self-mtivated and cmmitted.
•Yu are passinate abut creating psitive change in yur cmmunity.
•Yu are pen t being cached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).
•Yu are able t wrk with peple frm different backgrunds.
1．In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.
A．create change in their cmmunityB．attend a virtual learning prgramme
C．meet peple frm different backgrundsD．prmte the IOC Yung Leaders prject
2．If selected as an IOC Yung Leader, ne will need t ________.
A．cmplete a reflectin task each weekB．watch sprts n the IOC channel
C．wrk n a sprt-based prjectD．cach and advise their peers
3．Which is a requirement fr the applicants?
A．Spreading the message f sprt fr gd.B．Having at least ne-year wrk experience.
C．Shwing great passin fr prject planning.D．Cmmitting themselves t becming an expert.
2023年北京卷英语真题
Sitting in the garden fr my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pcket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started ff: “Dear Mr Green, thank yu fr yur interest” and “the review prcess tk lnger than expected.” It ended with “We are srry t infrm yu…” and my visin blurred (模糊). The psitin—measuring sil quality in the Sahara Desert as part f an undergraduate research prgramme — had felt like the answer I had spent years lking fr.
I had put s much time and emtinal energy int applying, and I thught the rejectin meant the end f the rad fr my science career.
S I was shcked when, nt lng after the email, Prfessr Mary Devn, wh was running the prgramme, invited me t bserve the wrk being dne in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shcked—and verjyed—when she invited me t talk with her abut ptential prjects I culd pursue in her lab. What she prpsed didn’t seem as exciting as the riginal prject I had applied t, but I was ging t give it my all.
I fund myself wrking with a rbtics prfessr n techniques fr cllecting data frm the desert remtely. That prject, which I culd cmplete frm my sfa instead f in the burning heat f the desert, nt nly survived the lckdwn but wrked where traditinal methds didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest t pursue.
When I applied t graduate schl, I fund three prgrammes prmising t allw me t fllw my desired research directin. And I applied with the same anxius excitement as befre. When I was rejected frm ne that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) t keep it frm sending me int panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted int ne f the ther prgrammes I was als excited abut.
Rather than setting plans in stne, I’ve learned that smetimes I need t take the pprtunities that are ffered, even if they dn’t sund perfect at the time, and make the mst f them.
5．After talking with Prfessr Devn, the authr decided t ________.
A．criticise the review prcessB．stay lnger in the Sahara Desert
C．apply t the riginal prject againD．put his heart and sul int the lab wrk
2023年全国甲卷英语真题
Where t Eat in Bangkk
Bangkk is a highly desirable destinatin fr fd lvers. It has a seemingly bttmless well f dining ptins. Here are sme suggestins n where t start yur Bangkk eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm prvides the best f Bangkk culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the nly Thai restaurant that ranks amng the tp 10 f the wrld’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thmpsn, wh received a Michelin star fr his Lndn-based Thai restaurant f the same name, pened this branch in the Metrplitan Htel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internatinally knwn Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkk restaurant. The menu in this beautiful clnial huse includes traditinal Thai cuisine cmbined with mdern cking methds.
B.lan
B.lan has been making waves in Bangkk’s culinary scene since it pened in 2009. Serving hard-t-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmsphere, the restaurant is true t Thai cuisine’s rts, yet still manages t add a special twist. This place is gd fr a candle-lit dinner r a wrk meeting with clleagues wh appreciate fine fd. Fr thse extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place n the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, prgressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is ne f the mst exciting venues (场所) t arrive in Bangkk in recent years. The best table in this tw-stry clnial Thai hme ffers a windw right int the kitchen, where yu can see chef Gaggan and his staff in actin. Culinary theater at its best.
8．What d Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in cmmn?
A．They adpt mdern cking methds.B．They have branches in Lndn.
C．They have tp-class chefs.D．They are based in htels.
9．Which restaurant ffers a large set menu?
A．Gaggan.B．B. lan.C．Issaya Siamese Club.D．Nahm.
10．What is special abut Gaggan?
A．It hires staff frm India.B．It puts n a play every day.
C．It serves hard-t-find lcal dishes.D．It shws the cking prcess t guests.
2023年全国甲卷英语真题
Terri Bltn is a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
She credits these skills t her late grandfather and builder Derek Llyd. Frm the age f six, Terri, nw 26, accmpanied Derek t wrk during her schl hlidays. A day’s wrk was rewarded with £5 in pcket mney. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much f a help t start with, painting the rms and putting dwn the flring thrughut the huse. It tk weeks and it was backbreaking wrk, but I knw he was prud f my skills.”
Terri, wh nw rents a huse with friends in Wandswrth, Suth West Lndn, says DIY als saves her frm lsing any depsit when a tenancy (租期) cmes t an end. She adds: “I’ve mved huse many times and I always like t persnalise my rm and put up pictures, s, it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut.”
With millins f peple likely t take n DIY prjects ver that cming weeks, new research shws that mre than half f peple are planning t make the mst f the lng, warm summer days t get jbs dne. The average spend per prject will be arund £823. Tw thirds f peple aim t imprve their cmfrt while at hme. Tw fifths wish t increase the value f their huse. Thugh DIY has traditinally been seen as male hbby, the research shws it is wmen nw leading the charge.
13．Hw did Terri avid lsing the depsit n the huse she rented?
A．By making it lk like befre.B．By furnishing it herself.
C．By splitting the rent with a rmmate.D．By cancelling the rental agreement.
14．What trend in DIY des the research shw?
A．It is becming mre cstly.B．It is getting mre time-cnsuming.
C．It is turning int a seasnal industry.D．It is gaining ppularity amng females.
阅读理解C篇（说明文）-2023年高考英语真题
I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy (哲学).
That lve fr philsphy lasted until I gt t cllege. Nthing kills the lve fr philsphy faster than peple wh think they understand Fucault, Baudrillard, r Cnfucius better than yu — and then try t explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Scrates Express: In Search f Life Lessns frm Dead Philsphers reawakened my lve fr philsphy. It is nt an explanatin, but an invitatin t think and experience philsphy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext (背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy, is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.
He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr. Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry, and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding (解读) their messages and adding his wn interpretatin.
The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. The invitatin is clear: Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk. I encurage yu t take his ffer. It’s wrth yur time, even if time is smething we dn’t have a lt f.
15．Wh pened the dr t philsphy fr the authr?
A．Fucault.B．Eric Weiner.
C．Jstein Gaarder.D．A cllege teacher.
17．What des the authr like abut The Scrates Express?
A．Its views n histry are well-presented.
B．Its ideas can be applied t daily life.
C．It includes cmments frm readers.
D．It leaves an pen ending.
2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷英语真题
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrks fr yur particular circumstances.
25．What is the bk aimed at?
A．Teaching critical thinking skills.B．Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Slving philsphical prblems.D．Prmting the use f a digital device.
2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
29．What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A．She used t be a health wrker.B．She grew up in a lw-incme family.
C．She wns a fast fd restaurant.D．She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
33．What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A．Pcket parks are nw ppular.B．Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C．Many cities are verppulated.D．Peple enjy living clse t nature.
2023年浙江省1月高考英语真题
A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess, it can als utperfrm yu in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, als wrk with symbls. But fr humans, meaning is everything. When we cmmunicate, we cmmunicate meaning. What matters is nt just the utside f a string f symbls, but the inside t, nt just hw they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins. It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines. And that’s why, hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem, the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.
39．What is Prject Debater unable t d accrding t Hammnd?
A．Create rules.B．Cmprehend meaning.
C．Talk fluently.D．Identify difficult wrds.
40．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．Scial interactin is key t understanding symbls.
B．The human brain has ptential yet t be develped.
C．Ancient philsphers set gd examples fr debaters.
D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
2023年浙江省1月高考英语真题
Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装)has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment(InSPIRE)prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs(传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
42．What des InSPIRE aim t d?
A．Imprve the prductivity f lcal farms.
B．Invent new methds fr cntrlling weeds.
C．Make slar prjects envirnmentally friendly.
D．Prmte the use f slar energy in rural areas.
43．What is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4?
A．T cnserve pllinatrs.B．T restrict slar develpment.
C．T diversify the ecnmy.D．T ensure the supply f energy.
2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语试题
Pasta and pizza were n everyne’s lunch menu in my native land f Italy. Everyne wh had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spke Italian. A few years later, as I std in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a schl in Brklyn, I realized things were n lnger that simple. My classmates ranged frm thse kids with pale skin and large blue eyes t thse with rich brwn skin and dark hair. The fd chices were almst as diverse as the students. In frnt f me was an array f fds I culdn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I wuld pick ut smething awful, I desperately tried t ask the by ahead f me fr a recmmendatin. Unfrtunately, between us std the barrier f language.
Althugh my kindergarten experience feels like a century ag, the lessns I learned will stick in my mind frever. Fr the past three summers, I have wrked in a gvernment agency in New Yrk. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flded ur ffice seeking help. I ften had t be an interpreter fr the Italian-speaking nes. As I served the rle f vital cmmunicatin link, I was reminded f my desperate struggle t cnverse befre I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried t hld a cnversatin in Italian with peple wh did nt speak the language. It suddenly became very clear t me hw lucky I was t be fluent in tw languages.
In New Yrk, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance t wrk with a diverse ppulatin. In my English t Italian translatins, I’ve learned abut scial prgrams that I didn’t knw existed. This wrk expanded my mind in ways that are impssible inside the fur walls f a classrm. Walking thrugh the streets f Brklyn tday, I am n lnger cnfused by this city’s sunds and smells. Instead, enjy its diversity.
45．What did the authr realize after entering schl in Brklyn?
A．Time passed quickly.B．English was hard t learn.
C．The fd was terrible.D．Peple were very different.
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.
Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star — tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.
49．Why did the kid pke the strybk?
A．He tk it fr a tablet cmputer.B．He disliked the clrful pictures.
C．He was angry with his grandpa.D．He wanted t read it by himself.
50．What des the authr think f himself?
A．Scially ambitius.B．Physically attractive.
C．Financially independent.D．Digitally cmpetent.
51．What can we learn abut the authr as a jurnalist?
A．He lacks experience in his jb.B．He seldm appears n televisin.
C．He manages a vide department.D．He ften interviews internet stars.
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
53．What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A．Where a driver came frm.B．Whether a driver used their phne.
C．Hw fast a driver was ging.D．When a driver arrived at the scene.
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷英语真题
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump (泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise.” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
58．What des Levine’s research find?
A．Middle-aged hearts get yunger with aerbic exercise.
B．High-intensity exercise is mre suitable fr the yung.
C．It is never t late fr peple t start taking exercise.
D．The mre exercise we d, the strnger ur hearts get.
2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语真题
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作业) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class' lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth f which will be graded.
Late Wrk
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
61．Hw many parts is a student’s final grade made up f?
A．Tw.B．Three.C．Fur.D．Five.
2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语真题
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D．C．, which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
64．What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the test?
A．Mral decline.B．Envirnmental harm.
C．Energy shrtage.D．Wrldwide starvatin.
65．What des Curtin’s cmpany d?
A．It prduces kitchen equipment.B．It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C．It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.D．It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
66．What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A．Buy nly what is needed.B．Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C．G shpping nce a week.D．Eat in restaurants less ften.
2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语真题
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. “The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
67．Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A．Its variety.B．Its distributin.C．Its quantity.D．Its develpment.
68．Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B．They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D．Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.