译林版高中英语选择性必修第三册第二单元测试含答案

这是一份译林版高中英语选择性必修第三册第二单元测试含答案，共23页。
第二单元测评第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.What’s the regular price for a haircut in Mr Johnson’s barbershop?A.10 dollars.　　　　　　　　　　B.20 dollars.　　　　　　　　　C.30 dollars.2.Where are the two speakers most probably?A.In a restaurant. B.In a forest. C.In a furniture store.3.What is Alice worried about?A.Her brother. B.Her final exams. C.Her accident.4.Who is Jack?A.Jenny’s husband. B.Mary’s husband. C.Jenny’s old colleague.5.Why does the man reject the job?A.It is low-paid. B.lt is far from his home. C.It offers no holiday.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Classmates. B.Co-workers. C.Neighbors.7.What will the woman do next?A.Borrow some books. B.Prepare for another test. C.Relax at home.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。8.What does the man work for?A.An online news agency. B.A newspaper. C.A TV channel.9.Why does the man like to be a journalist?A.He travels a lot. B.He earns a high pay. C.He gets job satisfaction.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.How does the woman feel about the festival?A.Bored. B.Interested. C.Disappointed.11.Why does the man prefer the afternoon show?A.It is more exciting.B.It is suitable for his brother.C.His favorite band plays in the afternoon.12.What will the woman do tomorrow afternoon?A.Work. B.See a film. C.Go to the music festival.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.Where was Mr Taylor’s latest book set?A.In Egypt. B.In Morocco. C.In South Africa.14.What was the worst thing that has ever happened to Mr Taylor?A.Some wild animals attacked him.B.His car broke down in a desert.C.He almost died from lack of water.15.What does Mr Taylor usually do in his free time?A.He writes novels. B.He relaxes at home. C.He socializes with friends.16.What is Mr Taylor’s plan for the future?A.Keeping writing novels.　B.Working on a history book.　C.Traveling around the world.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.How much does each square stone weigh?A.Nearly 3 tons. B.Nearly 5 tons. C.Nearly 18 tons.18.What was the speaker wondering when seeing the stones?A.How Stonehenge was built.B.Where the stones came from.C.Who built Stonehenge.19.What does the speaker want to do?A.Learn more modern technology.B.Travel to England again.C.Unlock the mystery.20.What does the speaker mainly talk about?A.Attractions in England.B.Mysteries all over the world.C.His experience of visiting Stonehenge.第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWe try to bring you all the information you require when travelling to Etosha National Park of just finding out more about this fascinating park.It is important when visiting a park as unique as Etosha to respect the environment and the heritage associated with it.Below is some of the most important information to keep in mind to ensure that you have a safe trip or if you would like to learn more about the park.Etosha PanThe Etosha Pan is undoubtedly,enormous.It is the most distinctive(独特的)feature of the park and can even be seen from space.It is believed that it was formed over 100 million years ago and is 130 km long and up to 50 km wide in certain places.This means that the pan covers almost a quarter of the entire park!WaterholesWaterholes are usually a redeeming feature in any major national park and Etosha is no different.They are a great place to silently observe animals and see them in their natural environment,away from noisy mechanical beasts that we often view wildlife from.Each waterhole in Etosha is different and animals spotted at each vary from season to season.The main waterholes in Etosha include Okaukuejo,Okondeka,Halali and Goas and Sueda and Salvadora.SeasonsDependent on what type of game viewing you wish to do,different seasons within the year will suit your trip better.Winter is a dry season and is a great time to spot wildlife at the waterholes.During summer,the vegetation is lush(郁郁葱葱)due to the heavy rainfall,which makes game-viewing difficult.However,this season is great for bird-lovers.Park HistoryThe Etosha Pan and the area that would later come to be known as Etosha National Park was first discovered by Europeans in 1851,when explorers Charles Andersson and Francis Galton came to the wild region in the company of Ovambo traders.Etosha can be loosely translated as “Great White Place” in the Ovambo language.21.If you want to watch birds,when should you visit Etosha National Park?A.Spring. B.Summer. C.Autumn. D.Winter.22.From the passage we can learn that 　　　. A.Etosha Pan covers the most part of the parkB.in Okondeka,visitors can play with the wildlifeC.Etosha National Park was formed over 100 million years agoD.some Ovambo traders contributed to the name of the park23.The passage may be taken from 　　　. A.the advertising section of a newspaper B.a science journalC.the official website of the park D.the lines of a TV programBChina’s Tianwen-1 spacecraft,in orbit around Mars has dropped its lander and rover(巡视器),named Zhurong after a Chinese god of fire,completing the most dangerous stage of its ten-month mission.This is China’s first mission to Mars,and makes the country only the third nation to have landed a spacecraft there.It included an orbiter,a lander and a rover—making it the first to send all three elements to the planet.“The mission is a big leap for China because they are doing in a single go what NASA took decades to do,” says Roberto Orosei,a planetary scientist at the Institute of Radio Astronomy of Bologna in Italy.At a speed of 4.8 kilometres per second,the spacecraft departed Earth in July 2020 and arrived at Mars in February 2021,but the landing was the biggest test yet of China’s rising outer space exploration capabilities.Landing on Mars is extremely difficult,because engineers back on Earth have no control over it in real time,and must leave pre-programmed instructions to carry on.Many missions have been lost,or have crashed on arrival.Utopia Planitia,where Zhurong now sits,is a wide,flat area in a vast basin that formed when a smaller object crashed into Mars billions of years ago,“If the researchers are really fortunate,they might find some very ancient rocks,which could offer a window into our own planet’s history,” says Joseph Michalski,a planetary scientist at the University of Hong Kong,“Most of the similar evidence here on Earth has been destroyed by plate tectonics(板块运动).” Zhurong will also be the first rover equipped with an instrument to measure the magnetic field(磁场) nearby.The instrument could provide insights into how Mars lost its strong magnetic field,an event that transformed the planet into a cold,dry place,uninviting to life.A successful Mars landing could motivate more advanced Chinese missions—including a sample-return one,which is planned to take place by 2030.24.What makes Tianwen-1 mission unique?A.Its multi-task in one try. B.Its long completion time.C.The danger of the landing. D.The speed of its spacecraft.25.Why is it so hard for the spacecraft to land on Mars?A.The landing ground is not flat. B.Instructions are too complicated.C.It may crash into smaller objects. D.Engineers have no live control over it.26.What can researchers learn according to Joseph Michalski?A.More of the Earth’s history. B.The formation of vast basins.C.The discovery of ancient rocks. D.The destruction of evidence on Earth.27.What’s the text mainly about?A.Zhurong landed on Mars successfully. B.Zhurong measured Mars’ magnetic field.C.Tianwen-1 spacecraft orbited around Mars. D.Tianwen-1 spacecraft returned to the earth.CHow many things can you see in the night sky?A lot!On a clear night you might see the moon,some planets,and thousands of sparkling stars.You can see even more with a telescope.You might see stars where you only saw dark space before.You might see that many stars look larger than others.You might see that some stars that look white are really red or blue.With a bigger and bigger telescope,you can see more and more objects in the sky.And you can see those objects in more and more detail.But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see.We won’t see them with the biggest telescope in the world,on the clearest night of the year.That’s because they’re invisible.They’re the mysterious dead stars called black holes.You might find it hard to imagine that stars die.After all,our sun is a star.Year after year we see it up in the sky,burning brightly,giving us heat and light.The sun certainly doesn’t seem to be getting old or weak.But stars do burn out and die after billions of years.As a star’s gases burn,they give off light and heat.But when the gases run out,the star stops burning and begins to die.As the star cools,the outer layers of the star pull in towards the centre.The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball.If the star is very small,the star will end up as a cold,dark ball called a black dwarf.If the star is very big,it keeps squashing inward until it’s packed together tighter than anything in the universe.Imagine if the earth were crushed until it was the size of a tiny marble.That’s how tightly this dead star,a black hole,is packed.What pulls the star towards its centre with such power?It’s the same force that pulls you down when you jump—the force called gravity.A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everything—even light.The light from a black hole can never come back to your eyes.That’s why you see nothing but blackness.So the next time you stare up at the night sky,remember:there’s more in the sky than meets the eyes!Scattered in the silent darkness are black holes—the great mystery of space.28.According to the article,what causes a star to die?A.As its gases run out,it cools down. B.It crashes into other stars.C.It can only live for about a million years. D.As it gets hotter and hotter,it explodes.29.Paragraph 6 and paragraph 7 mainly tell us 　　　. A.what a black hole is B.why we can’t see black holesC.black holes have enormous gravity D.the formation of black holes30.What happens AFTER a star dies?A.It burns up all of its gases. B.It becomes invisible.C.It falls to Earth. D.It becomes brighter and easier to see.31.Why can’t you see light when you look at a black hole?A.Most black holes are so far away.B.Because the gravity of a black hole is so strong that it sucks the light inward.C.Because as a star’s gases burn,it stops giving off heat and light.D.Because as a star cools,its outer layers pull in towards its centre.DThe far side of the moon is a strange and wild region,quite different from the familiar and mostly smooth face we see nightly from our planet.Soon this rough space will have even stranger features:it will be crowded with radio telescopes.Astronomers are planning to make the moon’s distant side our newest and best window on the cosmic(宇宙的) dark ages,a mysterious era hiding early marks of stars and galaxies.Our universe was not always filled with stars.About 380,000 years after the Big Bang,the universe cooled,and the first atoms of hydrogen formed.Gigantic hydrogen clouds soon filled the universe.But for a few hundred million years,everything remained dark,without stars.Then came the cosmic dawn:the first stars flickered,galaxies came into existence and slowly the universe’s largescale structure took shape.The seeds of this structure must have been present in the darkage hydrogen clouds,but the era has been impossible to probe using optical(光学的) telescopes—there was no light.And although this hydrogen produced longwave length (or low frequency) radio emissions,radio telescopes on Earth have found it nearly impossible to detect them.Our atmosphere either blocks or disturbs these faint signals;those that get through are drowned out by humanity’s radio noise.Scientists have dreamed for decades of studying the cosmic dark ages from the moon’s far side.Now multiple space agencies plan lunar missions carrying radiowave-detecting instruments—some within the next three years—and astronomers’ dreams are set to become reality.“If I were to design an ideal place to do low frequency radio astronomy,I would have to build the moon,” says astrophysicist Jack Burns of the University of Colorado Boulder.“We are just now finally getting to the place where we’re actually going to be putting these telescopes down on the moon in the next few years.” 32.What’s the purpose of building radio telescopes on the moon?A.To research the Big Bang. B.To discover unknown stars.C.To study the cosmic dark ages. D.To observe the far side of the moon.33.What does the underlined word “probe” in paragraph 3 possibly mean?A.Explore. B.Evaluate. C.Produce.　 D.Predict.34.Hydrogen radio emissions can’t be detected on Earth because 　　　. A.there was no light in the dark agesB.they cannot possibly get through our atmosphereC.gigantic hydrogen clouds no longer fill the universeD.radio signals on Earth cause too much interference35.What can we infer from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?A.Scientists have to rebuild the moon.B.We will finally get to the moon’s distant side.C.The moon is a perfect place to set up radio telescopes.D.A favorable research environment will be found on the moon.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。For years,planet-hunters have been searching for a planet other than Earth that can support life.They may have found one.The planet is the sixth found orbiting a star called Gliese 581.Steven Vogt,one of the scientists involved,expects the new planet to have water.On Earth,when we find water,we find life.　36　  A planet that can support life has to be just the right size for its system and just the right distance from its star.Some planets orbit so close to their stars that they’re much too hot for liquid water—or for life as we know it.　37　  But a right-sized planet that’s neither too close nor too far might be just right for water.Gliese 581 is probably just right.It is about three times as huge as Earth.　38　 Because it’s so close,one side of it always faces its star,and the other side is always dark. The new planet is 20 light years away,which is as far as 250 million trips to the moon and back.　39　 Only light can go that fast.So even at the fastest speed we could manage,it would take a spaceship from Earth more than 200 years to go that far.　40　 But that doesn’t mean we can’t study it.Thanks to powerful new telescopes and new techniques for searching the skies,scientists can learn a lot about distant planets without even leaving Earth. Gliese 581 is an exciting discovery—and astronomers are likely to find more soon,thanks to new,powerful telescopes specifically designed to look for planets.A.We can’t travel at the speed of light.B.It’s pretty hard to imagine that water wouldn’t be there.C.Human beings won’t be visiting this planet any time soon.D.So scientists looking for life on other planets look for water first.E.It orbits its star so closely that it goes all the way around in only 37 days.F.Astronomers will probably find more potential life-supporting planets soon.G.Other planets keep their distance from the stars—where they’re too cold to have water or life.第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。When NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley took off from the Kennedy Space Centre in Florida on Saturday,they marked the first successful rocket launch(发射) off American soil in nine years.However,it was also a first in their close 　41　 which has developed over their 20-year work at NASA. “Being lucky enough to 　42　 with your best friend is some astronauts’ wish and we’re lucky enough,” explained 53-year-old Hurley. The two astronauts had 　43　 the mission(使命),which saw them 　44　 land on the International Space Station,over a two-year period.While they were friends before,in this time they could really see each other’s weaknesses and 　45　. And they’re 　46　 that the experience made them even 　47　 together.So when they climbed into their space suits and the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft,the two men were 　48　 not only in their technical skills,but in 　49　 that they’d have each other’s backs. Their close relationship has developed partly from shared 　50　 experiences.They both 　51　 women who played roles in space missions.And the 　52　 of fatherhood is very important for both men:Behnken has a six-year-old son,Theodore,and Hurley has a 10-year-old son,Jack. With the two astronauts living their 　53　 of heading into space as best friends,the mission will hopefully end with the two of them landing safely into the cool waters of the Atlantic.After they 　54　 their work,they can share the 　55　 with their families together once they’re back on Earth. 41.A.idea B.birth C.fight D.friendship42.A.survive B.argue C.fly D.teach43.A.thought of B.prepared for C.cut down D.made up44.A.successfully B.frequently C.violently D.casually45.A.changes B.memories C.strengths D.appearances46.A.terrified B.guilty C.anxious D.grateful47.A.faster B.closer C.taller D.smarter48.A.comfortable B.worried C.sad D.puzzled49.A.pretending B.wishing C.forgetting D.knowing50.A.learning B.travel C.family D.work51.A.saved B.married C.forgave D.admired52.A.question B.harm C.record D.role53.A.secret B.hobby C.habit D.dream54.A.finish B.combine C.plan D.seek55.A.expression B.experience C.scene D.manner第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The US space agency NASA says new data from observations of the asteroid(小行星) Bennu still suggests that the object could one day hit Earth.But,scientists 56.　　　　　(study) the asteroid predict in a new study that there is very little chance that Bennu 57.　　　　　(hit) Earth in the coming century. Bennu and other asteroids are considered near Earth objects.Scientists identify such objects 58. those having the possibility of coming within 50 million kilometres of Earth’s orbit.Bennu 59.(discover) in 1999.It is believed 60.　　　　　　　　　(form) more than 4.5 billion years ago.It moves into near-Earth space because of gravitational interactions with other 61.(planet).Bennu makes its closest pass to Earth every six years. The latest data on Bennu was collected by NASA’s Osiris-Rex spacecraft,62.　　　　　 spent more than two years observing the asteroid.Last October,Osiris-Rex also 63.　　　　　(success) collected samples(样本) from Bennu.The spacecraft is now on a trip back to Earth,with NASA expecting its 64.(arrive) in September 2023.Scientists say they hope 65.　　　　　 material can help them better understand how the planet formed and how life began on Earth. 第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)中国首个火星探测器(Mars Probe)“天问一号”(Tianwen-1)于2020年7月23日成功发射;2021年5月,“天问一号”抵达火星。请你以“China Launched the First Mars Probe”为题为校报英文版写一篇英文报道,内容包括:1.“天问一号”成功发射;2.你的感想。注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请在相应位置作答。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Why did you do this without asking for my permission first?Don’t you know it’s a total waste of time and it will have a bad influence on your studies?” That’s what my mother yelled at the ten-year-old me when she found out that I had signed up for an English story-telling competition.I bowed my head;yes,she was right.By then I was entering Grade Six,faced with the biggest challenge yet to come—the examination to enter my dream junior high school.For that,I had given up my beloved piano lesson,my favourite cartoon program and even the joyful weekend family reunion with my cousins.I wouldn’t be surprised at all if my very strict-university-teacher mother got angry at me when I chose to do anything that had little to do with study at that important moment.In her opinion,if I hadn’t spent all my time on my studies I would have difficulty in entering my dream junior high school.But that’s not all for it.When I was ten,I was nervous,shy,tongue-tied when facing strangers,and essentially a bookworm.These signs looked fatal(致命的) to my mother,and possibly to you,too;she thought that I could be anything but a good public speaker.Well,I myself actually said no to my English teacher at first,because I had never done anything like that before and I was afraid.But he told me that—since I liked reading so much,why not try to tell a story I love to everyone?He also promised me that the judges were not frightening at all;just think of them as carrots and cabbages in a vegetable garden.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式作答。The ten-year-old me was persuaded by my teacher’s words. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Apparently surprised by my determination,my mother looked as if she was close to another explosion—but she only sighed and agreed. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二单元测评附:听力原文(Text 1)M:How much did it cost you to have your haircut in Mr Johnson’s barbershop?W:Well,I know Mr Johnson well,so I paid 10 dollars,but it’s only one-third of the regular price.(Text 2)M:I really like the table,Marie.The wood is beautiful and it looks like it will last a hundred years.W:I agree with you but I’m not sure whether we can afford it right now.(Text 3)M:Alice looks blue today.Did you tell her about the accident?W:Yes,but I shouldn’t have told her just before her final exams.She is worrying about her brother in hospital.(Text 4)M:Hello,Mary.Do you still remember me?W:Of course,Jack.We met at Jenny’s birthday party.M:We are not in the same company now.Do you know where she is?W:Yes,she has moved to Canada with her husband.(Text 5)W:Have you made up your mind to accept the job offer from the new company?M:No,I turned it down.W:Why?M:It isn’t worth changing the job.Although the salary is higher,the working hours and the distance from my home are longer.(Text 6)W:My history teacher gave us a surprising quiz and I couldn’t remember anything.My mind went totally blank.I couldn’t believe it.M:That happened to me once.It was a math quiz,but it wasn’t a surprise.I just got the date of the test wrong.W:What grade did you get?A or D?M:No,I got a C.W:At least a C is passing.I’m going to get an F.M:You need to take it easy.Why don’t you go home and have a good rest?W:I have another test at two.I need to go to the library to hit the books.M:What a day you’re having!(Text 7)W:What do you do for a living?M:I’m a journalist.W:Really?I have great respect for you guys.Do you work for a newspaper or a television channel?M:I work for an online news agency.W:Great.When I was in college,I was keen on becoming a journalist,but my parents didn’t support me.They felt that journalism was a risky field to be in,though they are well-paid and do a lot of traveling.M:Yes,journalists have to take a lot of risks and challenges.Sometimes we risk our own lives in our quest to find the truth.But the satisfaction we get is huge.Actually,that’s what keeps us in this job.W:You are right.Job satisfaction is far more important than job safety.(Text 8)M:Have you heard that the Strawberry Music Festival is being held near here?W:Yeah.I know.It sounds good,and I’d like to go.But I haven’t got a ticket.M:I’m interested in it too,and I got some tickets to the festival.I’m taking my little brother.He has never been to a music festival.Would you like to come too?W:That would be great.I love the noise,the music and all the excitement.M:Are you free today or tomorrow?The afternoon show is the best for my brother.W:Sorry,I’m busy then.I’m going to the cinema this afternoon.I’ve got the ticket so I can’t change it and I’m working tomorrow afternoon.M:Oh,well...Can you go on Saturday afternoon?It finishes on August 28th.That’s Saturday.W:Good.I’m free then.(Text 9)W:So Mr Taylor,your books are all set in different countries,aren’t they?M:Yes.Everything in my novels happens in countries I know.I was born in South Africa and I still live there.I began by writing a novel about a family living in Egypt.My most recent book was about Morocco.I spent several months there last year.W:Your books are all adventure stories.Has anything really dangerous ever happened to you?M:Well,I’ve had a few experiences with wild animals!But the worst thing was definitely when I was driving along a desert and my car suddenly stopped and wouldn’t start again.Fortunately,I had plenty of water.W:Sounds very frightening.What do you do in your spare time?M:Well,I actually find it hard to relax.I’m pretty sociable,and I know lots of people,so I usually arrange to do something with them.W:Great.Do you have any special plans for the future?M:Well,I’ve traveled all over the world,and there aren’t many places I still want to visit.My main aim is to write the history of my local area.I’ve decided to stop writing novels because I want to do something different.(Text 10)M:During my trip to England last year,I had the opportunity to visit Stonehenge.Almost every tourist who travels to England visits this ancient,mystical place.I remember it was a very hot day in July with a lot of sunshine.We left our hotel quite early.When we arrived there,it was already nine.The Stonehenge was made of huge square stones,which weigh nearly five tons each,stand eighteen feet high,and are three feet thick.It was amazing to see them up close.Something that I really asked myself was how the ancient people could have been clever enough to arrange the stones and place them altogether to form a circle without using any modern technology.It was really strange.One of the most exciting things about Stonehenge is the mystery surrounding it.As I walked around the stones,I noticed how isolated they were;there was nothing else standing around them,no community or anything.Were they also isolated in ancient times?If so,why had the ancient people built them that way?Maybe only when I travel back in time can I find out the truth.1~5 CCACB 6~10 ABACB11~15 BABBC 16~20 BBACC【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了前往埃托沙国家公园时所需的所有信息,以便更加深入了解该景点,获得更好的旅游体验。21.B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“During summer the vegetation is lush due to the heavy rainfall,which makes game-viewing difficult.However this season is great for bird-lovers.”可知,夏季适合鸟类爱好者参观。故选B项。22.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,奥万博贸易商陪同探索者来到这个地区,且通过奥万博语的翻译可知他们对公园的命名也作出了贡献。故选D项。23.C　推理判断题。本文主要讲述了埃托沙国家公园的游览信息,由第一段的we可知,这篇文章最有可能来自公园的官方网站。故选C项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国的“天问一号”宇宙飞船在环绕火星的轨道上降落了它的着陆器和探测器“祝融号”。24.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It included an orbiter,a lander and a rover—making it the first to send all three elements to the planet.”及第三段可知,它包括一个轨道飞行器、一个着陆器和一个月球车,这使它成为第一个将这三种元素全都送往火星的宇宙飞船。因此,天问一号的特别之处是它一次性就完成了多项任务。故选A项。25.D　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知,在火星上着陆是极其困难的,因为地球上的工程师无法实时控制它,必须留下预先编程的指令才能继续。由此可知,飞行器在火星上着陆困难是因为地球上的工程师无法实时控制它。故选D项。26.C　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“‘If the researchers are really fortunate,they might find some very ancient rocks,which could offer a window into our own planet’s history’”可知,Joseph Michalski认为如果研究人员幸运的话,可能会发现一些古老的岩石,这将对我们了解地球的历史有帮助。故选C项。27.A　主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知,文章主要讲述中国的“天问一号”宇宙飞船在环绕火星的轨道上降落了它的着陆器和探测器“祝融号”。所以,本文的最佳标题应是“‘祝融号’成功登陆火星”。故选A项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了黑洞是如何形成的。28.A　细节理解题。根据第六段第二句“But when the gases run out,the star stops burning and begins to die.”可知,当气体耗尽时,星星停止燃烧并开始死亡。故选A项。29.D　段落大意题。根据第六段可知,当一颗星星的气体燃烧时,它们放出光和热。但当气体耗尽时,星星停止燃烧并开始死亡;根据第七段可知,当星星冷却时,星星的外层就会向中心靠拢。星星挤压成一个越来越小的球。如果这颗星星非常小,它最终会变成一个寒冷、黑暗的球,被称为黑矮星。如果星星非常大,它会不断向内挤压,直到比宇宙中任何东西都要紧密。因此,第6段和第7段主要介绍黑洞的形成。故选D项。30.B　细节理解题。根据第四段“That’s because they’re invisible.They’re the mysterious dead stars called black holes.”可知,星星死后,就变得看不见了,它们形成了黑洞。故选B项。31.B　细节理解题。根据第八段中的“A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everything—even light.The light from a black hole can never come back to your eyes.That’s why you see nothing but blackness.”可知,黑洞密度非常高,以至于它的引力会吸进所有的东西,甚至是光,所以看黑洞时看不到光。故选B项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们想要在月球背面架设射电望远镜,以此来研究宇宙暗黑纪元。32.C　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句及第四段第一句“Scientists have dreamed for decades of studying the cosmic dark ages from the moon’s far side.”可知,几十年来,科学家们一直梦想着从月球的背面研究宇宙的暗黑纪元。由此可推断,架设射电望远镜的目的是研究宇宙的黑暗纪元。故选C项。33.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文可知,这种结构的起源一定存在于暗黑纪元的氢云中,但是这个时代不可能用光学望远镜来探测——那里没有光。probe意为“探测”,与explore意思相近。故选A项。34.D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Our atmosphere either blocks or disturbs these faint signals;those that get through are drowned out by humanity’s radio noise.”可知,检测不到射电辐射的原因是大气层的阻挡和地球上的无线电信号造成的干扰。故选D项。35.C　判断推理题。根据第四段第一句可知,几十年来,科学家们一直梦想着从月球的背面研究宇宙的暗黑纪元;同时最后一段第二句说明未来几年天文学家将把这些望远镜放在月球上。由此可推断,画线部分的意思是月球是架设射电望远镜的理想场所。故选C项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一颗可能存在生命的行星。36.D　根据上文“On Earth,when we find water,we find life.”可知,在地球上,当我们找到水,我们就找到了生命。D选项“因此,科学家在寻找其他行星上的生命时,首先要寻找水。”和上文存在因果关系。故选D项。37.G　根据上文“Some planets orbit so close to their stars that they’re much too hot for liquid water—or for life as we know it.”可知,一些行星运行得离它们的恒星太近了,以至于它们太热了,不可能有液态水——或者我们所知道的生命。G选项“其他行星保持它们与恒星的遥远距离——在那里它们太冷了,没有水或生命。”承接上文,形成对照,介绍其他行星之所以没有生命是因为距离恒星太远。故选G项。38.E　根据下文可知,因为它离恒星很近,它的一面总是面对着它的恒星,另一面总是黑暗的。选项E “它绕行它的恒星运行一周的时间仅为37天。”说明这颗行星距离恒星很近,是下文的依据。选项中closely与下文中close语义一致。故选E项。39.A　根据上文可知,这颗新行星距离地球20光年,相当于2.5亿次往返月球。说明这颗行星距离地球非常遥远,以光的速度要走20年;下文说明只有光才能走这么快。选项A承上启下,说明这颗行星距离遥远,但人类不能以光速旅行。故选A项。40.C　根据上文可知,即使以我们所能控制的最快速度前进,也需要200多年的时间才能走那么远。选项C“人类不会很快访问这个星球。”承接上文,说明人类近期没有能力访问这个星球。故选C项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。美国国家航空航天局(NASA)宇航员鲍勃·本肯和道格·赫尔利上周六从佛罗里达州的肯尼迪航天中心升空,这标志着9年来美国本土首次成功发射火箭。然而,这也是他们二人在NASA 20年工作中发展起来的亲密友谊中的第一次。41.D　idea“思想,想法,主意”;birth“出生”;fight“战斗”;friendship“友谊”。根据下文中的“While they were friends before”“Their close relationship”以及“as best friends”可知,他们在20年共事过程中培养起来的应该是友谊。故选D项。42.C　survive“幸存,生存”;argue“争论,主张”;fly“飞行”;teach“教”。他们是宇航员,共同进入太空,应该是一起飞行,遨游太空。故选C项。43.B　think of“想到;想起”;prepare for“为……做准备”;cut down“删减,降低,砍伐”;make up“组成,弥补,编造”。下一句表示他们在国际空间站着陆,该空使用了过去完成时,结合后面的时间状语“over a two-year period”可知,他们是在登陆国际空间站之前进行了两年的准备工作。故选B项。44.A　successfully“成功地”;frequently“频繁地”;violently“剧烈地,粗暴地”;casually“随意地”。根据第一段中的“they marked the first successful rocket launch off American soil in nine years”可知,他们此次登陆国际空间站是成功的。故选A项。45.C　change“改变”;memory“回忆”;strength“强项,长处”;appearance“外表”。每个人都有自己的弱点与长处,此处应填strengths,与weaknesses对应并列。故选C项。46.D　terrified“害怕的”;guilty“愧疚的;罪恶感的”;anxious“渴望的,焦急的”;grateful“感恩的”。第二段中两次用到lucky可知,他们对此次能一起进入国际空间站工作感到感恩。故选D项。47.B　faster“更快的”;closer“更近的,更亲近的”;taller“更高的”;smarter“更聪明的”。根据“While they were friends before”可知,他们以前就是朋友,他们认为这次一起登陆国际空间站,使他们的关系更进一步,更亲近。故选B项。48.A　comfortable“舒适的”;worried“担心的,着急的”;sad“伤心的”;puzzled“困惑的”。该句使用了not only...but also句型,表示该空与后面的彼此支持是并列的关系,应该是正面积极的形容词,对技术方面应该是很满意,没什么可担心焦虑的。故选A项。49.D　pretend“假装”;wish“希望,祝愿”;forget“忘记”;know“知道”。他们是朋友,同事,彼此信任,知道自己拥有对方的支持。故选D项。50.C　learning“学习”;travel“旅行”;family“家庭,家人”;work“工作”。根据后面说他们二人的妻子都是在执行太空任务中起到作用的女性,可知他们应该都是同事;他们都有一个小儿子,由此可知他们二人的家庭情况也是相似的。故选C项。51.B　save“挽救;节约”;marry“结婚,娶”;forgive“宽恕,原谅”;admire“羡慕;欣赏”。本段讲述他们的家庭情况,空后的women应该是指他们的妻子,用marry符合语境。故选B项。52.D　question“问题”;harm“危害”;record“记录”;role“角色,作用”。他们二人都有一个小儿子,他们二人担负着父亲的角色。故选D项。53.D　secret“秘密”;hobby“爱好”;habit“习惯”;dream“梦,梦想”。根据“of heading into space”可知,进入太空应该是他们的梦想。故选D项。54.A　finish“完成”;combine“结合”;plan“计划”;seek“寻求,寻找”。现在他们在国际空间站执行任务,后面主句表示他们回到地球可以和家人们分享他们的此次经历,那要他们完成他们的此次工作任务,才能返回地球。故选A项。55.B　expression“表达,表情”;experience“经历;经验”;scene“场景,场面,幕”;manner“方式,态度”。他们一旦回到地球就可以和家人分享的是这次经历,即指此次太空之旅。故选B项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对小行星Bennu的研究发现。56.studying　考查非谓语动词。分析可知,主句已有谓语动词predict,故此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,主语scientists和study之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词。故填studying。57.will hit　考查动词时态。分析可知,空处为同位语从句的谓语动词,根据时间状语in the coming century可知事情发生在将来,应用一般将来时。故填will hit。58.as　考查介词。固定短语identify...as...意为“把……确定为……”。故填as。59.was discovered　考查动词时态和语态。句意:Bennu于1999年被发现。Bennu与discover之间为被动关系,根据时间状语in 1999可知事情发生在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was discovered。60.to have formed　考查非谓语动词。句意:据信它形成于45亿年前。此处为固定句型:主语+be+believed/said/reported...+to do sth“据信/据说/据报道……”,空处应用不定式作主语补足语,同时form发生在谓语动词is之前,应用不定式的完成式to have done。故填to have formed。61.planets　考查名词的数。句意:由于与其他行星的引力相互作用,它进入近地空间。planet“行星”为可数名词,位于other之后用其复数形式。故填planets。62.which　考查定语从句。句意:关于Bennu的最新数据是由美国宇航局的Osiris-Rex太空船收集的,该太空船花了两年多的时间观察这颗小行星。空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词spacecraft,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。故填which。63.successfully　考查副词。修饰动词collected应用副词。故填successfully。64.arrival　考查名词。位于形容词性物主代词its后,应用名词arrival,作宾语。故填arrival。65.the　考查冠词。结合上文内容可知,此处的material指上文提到的样本,是特指,应用定冠词。故填the。写作第一节China Launched the First Mars ProbeHearing that the first Chinese Mars probe Tianwen-1 launched on July 23rd,2020,and landed on Mars in May,2021,I am honored to be here to express my congratulations.Without doubt,had it not been for the hard work,we Chinese couldn’t have gained such a great achievement.As a student of my generation,I firmly believe it is an era full of challenges and opportunities,and in this age,we can achieve whatever we fight for if we spare no effort to attain the goal.At the same time,the more we know about our country,the deeper love we will have for her.I wish China,our motherland,all the best.第二节The ten-year-old me was persuaded by my teacher’s words.The feeling of telling my beloved story to someone else lighted a spark of anticipation in my little chest.So after what seemed to be ages,harsh words from the above of my head suddenly disappeared.An urge to beg for my mother’s permission got more and more uncontrollable.Eventually,I bravely raised my head,fearlessly looked into her eyes,and earnestly pleaded,“Mom please!I just want to have a try.”Apparently surprised by my determination,my mother looked as if she was close to another explosion—but she only sighed and agreed.Soon I started working with my English teacher day and night to hunt for a story,to illustrate the details,and to practice my facial expressions and gestures in front of the mirror.On the day of the competition,I went on the stage for the very first time in my life.Nervous as I was,I still finished my story.Although I only got third prize at that time,I thanked my teacher and my mother for letting me take a road that I had never taken before.