备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）（解析版）

这是一份备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）（解析版），共19页。

注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期中）On a sunny afternn, Anthny Perry stepped ff the train at Chicag’s 69th Street statin. The 20-year-ld, wh wrked nights in a grcery stre, was n his way t see his 1 .
On the platfrm, smething unthinkable happened: a man fell ver the edge and nt the electrified train tracks! As Perry and ther hrrified passengers watched, he shk uncntrllably as the 2 mved thrugh his bdy.
“Help him!” smene cried. “Please, smene!”
Perry culdn’t just stand there and 3 . He sat at the edge f the platfrm and eased himself dwn. 4 all rails between the man and him were electrified, he quickly leaped twards the victim, using a high-knee technique frm his high schl ftball days.
Perry sn reached dwn and grasped the victim’s wrist. 5 , he felt a pwerful electric shck sht thrugh his bdy. Perry jumped back. He reached dwn a secnd time, and was shcked again. But the third time he seized the man’s wrist and frearm, and managed t mve the guy’s bdy away frm the 6 .
“Give him chest cmpressins!” yelled an ld lady n the platfrm.
Perry was n expert, but fr a few mments he wrked n the man’s heart until the victim regained 7 . Then, first-aiders arrived. Perry let the prfessinals 8 . Heart still racing frm the electric shcks, he climbed back up nt the platfrm, grabbed his things and cntinued n t his grandfather’s.
The evening news reprted the incident, 9 an unnamed her with saving the victim’s life. T many, Perry’s 10 deeds demnstrated the pwer f chsing cmpassin ver persnal safety.
1．A．managerB．clientC．grandfatherD．aunt
2．A．currentB．xygenC．waveD．bld
3．A．imagineB．watchC．shutD．recrd
4．A．HpingB．AssumingC．CmplainingD．Recalling
5．A．InstantlyB．SlightlyC．NrmallyD．Surprisingly
6．A．trainB．crwdsC．platfrmD．rails
7．A．strengthB．balanceC．cnsciusnessD．cntrl
8．A．lk aheadB．take verC．get arundD．keep away
9．A．prvidingB．engagingC．assistingD．crediting
10．A．generusB．gratefulC．curageusD．faithful
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Anthny Perry在火车站不顾个人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在铁轨上的受害者的英勇故事。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：20岁的佩里在一家杂货店上夜班，当时佩里正准备去看他的祖父。A. manager经理；B. client客户；C. grandfather祖父；D. aunt姑妈，伯母。根据后文“Heart still racing frm the electric shcks, he climbed back up nt the platfrm, grabbed his things and cntinued n t his grandfather’s.(电击后心脏还在加速跳动，他爬上平台，抓起东西，继续向祖父的房间走去。)”可知，佩里正准备去看他的祖父。故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当佩里和其他惊恐的乘客看到时，电流流过他的身体，他无法控制地颤抖着。A. current气流；电流；B. xygen氧气；C. wave海浪；大海；D. bld血。根据上句“On the platfrm, smething unthinkable happened: a man fell ver the edge and nt the electrified train tracks! (在站台上，不可思议的事情发生了:一个人从站台边缘掉到电轨上了!)”可知，掉到电轨上，电流会流过他的身体。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：佩里不只是站在那里看着。A. imagine想象；B. watch看；C. shut呼喊；D. recrd记录。根据后句“He sat at the edge f the platfrm and eased himself dwn.(他坐在月台边上，慢慢地坐下来)”可知，他准备营救这个人，并不是站在那里看着。故选B。
4．考动查词词义辨析。句意：他以为他和那人之间的铁轨都通电了，于是迅速向受害者扑去。A. Hping希望；B. Assuming假设，认为；C. Cmplaining抱怨；D. Recalling回忆。根据本句“he quickly leaped twards the victim(他迅速向受害者扑去)”可知，他认为自己和受害者之间的铁轨都通电了，所以他迅速向受害者扑去。故选B。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他立刻感到一阵强烈的电击穿过他的身体。A. Instantly立刻地；B. Slightly轻微地；C. Nrmally通常，平常；D. Surprisingly 惊人地，出乎意料地。根据上句“ 4 all rails between the man and him were electrified, he quickly leaped twards the victim(他以为他和那人之间的铁轨都通电了，于是迅速向受害者扑去)”可知，他立刻感到一阵强烈的电流穿过他的身体。故选A。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但第三次，他抓住了那个人的手腕和前臂，并设法将他的身体从铁轨上移开。A. train火车；B. crwds人群；C. platfrm平台；D. rails铁路。根据上文“On the platfrm, smething unthinkable happened: a man fell ver the edge and nt the electrified train tracks!( 在站台上，不可思议的事情发生了：一个人从站台边缘掉到电轨上了!)”可知，受害者掉到了铁轨上，他将受害者的身体从铁轨上移开。故选D。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他在那个人的心脏上按压了一会儿，直到受害者恢复了意识。A. strength体力；B. balance平衡；C. cnsciusness意识；D. cntrl控制，掌管。根据本句“he wrked n the man’s heart (他对受害者进行胸部按压)”可知，受害者失去了意识，所以进行胸部按压。故选C。
8．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：佩里让专业人士接手。A. lk ahead向前看；B. take ver接管；C. get arund规避，逃避；D. keep away远离，避开。根据上句“Then, first-aiders arrived(随后，急救人员赶到了)”可知，急救人员赶到后，佩里他们接手。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：晚间新闻报道了这一事件，并称赞一位无名英雄挽救了受害者的生命。A. prviding提供；B. engaging参加；C. assisting帮助；D. crediting赞扬。根据本句“an unnamed her with saving the victim’s life(一位无名英雄挽救了受害者的生命)”可知，英勇救人的事迹是值得赞扬的，故选D。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，佩里的勇敢事迹表明了选择同情而非个人安全的力量。A. generus慷慨的；B. grateful感谢的，感激的；C. curageus勇敢的；D. faithful忠实的，忠诚的。根据上文“But the third time he seized the man’s wrist and frearm, and managed t mve the guy’s bdy away frm the 6 .(但第三次，他抓住了那个人的手腕和前臂，并设法将他的身体从铁轨上移开。)”可知，佩里在火车站不顾个人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在铁轨上的受害者。故选C。
第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
A
（2023秋·北京·高三校联考开学考试）阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Swedish students generally welcme AI tls in educatin, but 62% cnsider using chatbts in exams as cheating. Hwever, the bundaries f cheating with AI remain uncertain. This result 11 (shw)in a survey frm Chalmers University f Technlgy. The study, the first f its kind 12 (investigate)students’ attitudes twards AI in educatin has gathered crucial infrmatin and presented the results in an verview reprt. The researchers hpe the survey’s findings will empwer students 13 help them get a better understanding f AI’s rle in learning.
【答案】11．is shwn 12．t investigate 13．and
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能在学习中发挥的作用。
11．考查时态语态。句意：查尔姆斯理工大学的一项调查显示了这一结果。根据句意可知谓语动词shw和主语this result之间是被动关系，结合语境可知时态为一般现在时，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语this result是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填is shwn。
12．考查动词不定式。句意：这项研究首次调查了学生对教育中人工智能的态度，收集了重要信息，并在一份概述报告中展示了结果。分析句子可知，空处使用不定式作后置定语修饰the first f its kind。故填t investigate。
13．考查连词。句意：研究人员希望这项调查的结果能赋予学生权力，帮助他们更好地理解人工智能在学习中的作用。根据句意可知前后句子之间是并列关系，使用and连接。故填and。
B
（2023·北京·首都师范大学附属中学校考模拟预测）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nwadays, peple are chsing t live in a minimalist lifestyle. Minimalism, 14 (bear) ut f early 20th-century mdernism, was a trend 15 ver-decrated and ver-furnished. One f the main reasns peple chse t becme minimalists is that they want t achieve mre meaning in their life. Thrugh practicing minimalism, peple reduce their pssessins t nes that make them 16 (true) happy. Besides, digital minimalism is particularly appealing t millennials wh have grwn tired f scial media and being addicted t their technlgy.
【答案】14．brn 15．against 16．truly
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极简主义的生活方式。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：极简主义诞生于20世纪早期的现代主义，是一种反对过度装饰和过度布置的趋势。分析句子可知，该句已有谓语was，空处要使用非谓语，主语Minimalism和bear（诞生）之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此需使用其过去分词表示被动。故填brn。
15．考查介词。句意：极简主义诞生于20世纪早期的现代主义，是一种反对过度装饰和过度布置的趋势。分析句子并根据语境可知，极简主义是选择非常简单的生活方式，因此与过度装饰和过度布置的理念大相径庭，因此需使用表示相反意味的介词against“反对；违背”。故填against。
16．考查副词。句意：通过实践极简主义，人们减少了他们的财产，只留下那些让他们真正快乐的东西。分析句子可知，空处需使用副词truly（真正地）作状语修饰happy。故填truly。
C
（2023秋·北京·高三校联考开学考试）阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Rachel had always been fascinated with the mysteries f the sea. She dreamed f explring the 17 (deep)f it and discvering unknwn creatures. Her bsessin intensified when she discvered an ld map in her grandfather’s attic(顶楼), which shwed a place marked “hidden treasure”. Ignring 18 her mther had warned, she started a small-bat adventure. After hurs f searching with n luck, a friendly giant ctpus appeared, guiding her t a secret cave 19 she fund treasures beynd her wildest dreams. Frm this experience, Rachel 20 (knw)that the bravest seekers ften find the greatest treasures.
【答案】17．depths/depth 18．what 19．where 20．knew/has knwn
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Rachel对海洋奥秘的探索。
17．考查名词。句意：她梦想着探索海洋的深处最深的地方，发现未知的生物。冠词修饰名词，depth“深处”，根据句意，既可以用作可数名词单数也可以用作可数名词复数，故填depths/depth。
18．考查宾语从句。句意：她不顾母亲的警告，开始了一场小船冒险。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指物，使用what引导。故填what。
19．考查定语从句。句意：一只友好的巨型章鱼出现了，引导她到一个秘密的洞穴，在那里她发现了她最疯狂的梦想之外的宝藏。空处引导定语从句，先行词cave在从句中充当地点状语，使用where引导。故填where。
20．考查动词时态。句意：从这次经历中，瑞秋知道最勇敢的探索者往往能找到最大的宝藏。根据句意可知此处时态一般过去时，动词使用过去式，也可以描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。故填knew/has knwn。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
（2023秋·北京·高三校联考开学考试）Stargazing Festivals in 2023
As mre areas grw brighter with light pllutin, natinal parks acrss the cuntry have becme dark-sky havens. Over the years, they are making a push t get certified as havens fr sky-watching by the Internatinal Dark Sky Assciatin, and they even hst events like stargazing festivals t get travelers excited abut astrnmy.
·Bryce Canyn Natinal Park—June 14-17
Situated in suthern Utah, Bryce Canyn earned its dark-sky title in 2019. The 35,835-acre park is an ideal place t stay up late. This year, its annual astrnmy festival includes guided stargazing sessins, lectures and “star stries” presentatins, family-friendly activities, and even a perfrmance by strings musicians in the nrthern Arizna-based Dark Sky Quartet.
·Shenandah Natinal Park—August 11-13
Cnveniently lcated within a day’s drive frm tw-thirds f Americans, Shenandah Natinal Park’s night sky festival is a lw-lift way t dabble in astrnmy. The nearly 200,000-acre park will hst ranger talks, public stargazing sessins, lectures, presentatins, and activities fr kids. Staffers are still wrking n this year’s full schedule, but past events have cvered tpics ranging frm space weather t ncturnal(夜间的) creatures.
·Great Basin Natinal Park—September 14-16
Great Basin is ne f the least crwded natinal parks, making it the perfect place t quietly appreciate the mysteries f the csms. Its annual astrnmy festival is scheduled fr this fall and includes guest speakers, cnstellatin talks, bservatry turs, and a phtgraphy wrkshp. During the festival’s unique “Art in the Dark” prgram, participants will get t paint in lw-light cnditins and experiment with hw their eyes perceive clr.
·Jshua Tree Natinal Park—Octber 13-14
Jshua Tree Natinal Park, as the Internatinal Dark Sky Assciatin ntes, is the “nearest cnvenient place t g stargazing under a relatively dark sky” fr the 18 millin peple wh live in the Ls Angeles area. It became an fficial dark sky park in 2017, and each year, it hsts a night sky festival in the fall. As luck wuld have it, this year’s dates verlap with an annular “ring f fire” slar eclipse. Frm Jshua Tree, the mn will appear t bscure between 70 and 80 percent f the sun.
21．What is the purpse f Stargazing Festivals?
A．T raise public interest in astrnmy.
B．T call fr actin against light pllutin.
C．T prvide a platfrm t bserve stars.
D．T cllect mney fr mre bservatries.
22．Where shuld yu g if yu want t experience wrking in lw-light cnditins?
A．Bryce Canyn Natinal Park.B．Shenandah Natinal Park.
C．Great Basin Natinal Park.D．Jshua Tree Natinal Park.
23．What might be a bnus t visitrs t Jshua Tree Natinal Park during the festivals?
A．An bservatry tur.B．A phtgraphy wrkshp.
C．A stargazing tur.D．A slar eclipse.
【答案】21．A 22．C 23．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。作者列举了2023年四个国家公园的星空观测节活动。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段的“they even hst events like stargazing festivals t get travelers excited abut astrnmy (他们甚至举办观星节等活动，让旅行者对天文学感到兴奋)”可知观星节的目的是提高公众对天文学的兴趣，故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据Great Basin Natinal Park—September 14-16部分的“During the festival’s unique “Art in the Dark” prgram, participants will get t paint in lw-light cnditins and experiment with hw their eyes perceive clr (在艺术节独特的“黑暗中的艺术”项目中，参与者将在弱光条件下绘画，并实验他们的眼睛如何感知颜色)”可知如果你想体验在弱光条件下的工作，你应该去大盆地国家公园，故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据Jshua Tree Natinal Park—Octber 13-14部分的“As luck wuld have it, this year’s dates verlap with an annular “ring f fire” slar eclipse (幸运的是，今年的日期与环形“火环”日食重叠)可知在节日期间，日食可能是约书亚树国家公园游客的额外奖励，故选D。
B
Ever wnder what happens t spacecraft after they get launched t space? Well, that is where my jb as an instrument peratins engineer cmes in. My jb cnsists f planning, generating, and perating scientific instruments in-flight. I am grateful fr having wrked n missins at Saturn, the Mn, and ur wn planet Earth.
When I was a high-schler, I was unsure f what cllege I wanted t attend, r what majr I wanted t chse. After receiving an email frm a cllege called Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT), I decided t apply t a summer prgram they were ffering with the encuragement f my mm. After participating in that prgram, I knew that MIT was the right university fr me. The passinate students and bundless pprtunities develped a feeling f belnging in me that led me t apply and eventually get accepted.
The mst exciting and fulfilling part f being an engineer is that I am able t wrk n prjects that benefit humanity. When peple think f the space industry, they picture the uter reaches f ur slar system. What they may nt imagine is the great bdy f wrk being dne t study ur wn hme-Earth. I am thankful t have a career that allws me t cmmit myself t that respnsibility.
The highlight f my career has been witnessing the end f the Cassini missin t Saturn. Sme f the peple n the team had been wrking n the missin fr lnger than I had been alive, but they still treated me as ne f their wn. I was given the pprtunity t perate the cameras that wuld catch breathtaking images f the planet. And when the Cassini spacecraft had run ut f fuel, I quickly learned that it was nt just the end f the missin, but the end f a team. The night we watched with bittersweet lnging as its signal faded t nthing is smething that I will always keep in my memries. And while Cassini will be remembered fr its histric cntributins, what I will remember it fr is the team it brught tgether.
My friends ften ask why a girl culd achieve all these. I always grew up a big fan f fictin. I read the Harry Ptter bks and lved anything fantasy. I realized that a cmmn theme f her stries is that the her must always make a chice t start their adventure. If yu dn’t pick up the swrd in yur wn stry because yu are afraid f what may happen next, yu risk nt having a stry at all.
24．Why did the authr apply t MIT?
A．The majrs in MIT interested her.B．Her mther urged her t g t MIT.
C．She set this gal as a high-schler.D．A summer prgram made her lve MIT.
25．What des the authr think abut her ccupatin?
A．It’s easy t predict what she des.B．It’s hard fr a girl t have such a career.
C．She is annyed by being misunderstd.D．She is prud t wrk fr human well-being.
26．What des the authr value mst in the Cassini missin?
A．Its histric cntributins.B．The team it brught tgether.
C．Breathtaking images f the planet.D．The pprtunity t perate the cameras.
27．What can we learn frm the stry?
A．Practice makes perfect.B．N way is impssible t curage.
C．Well begun is half dne.D．Time lst cannt be wn again.
【答案】24．D 25．D 26．B 27．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者是一名工程师，工作包括规划、制作和操作飞行中的科学仪器。作者认为自己从事有益于人类的项目，感到感激和满足。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“After receiving an email frm a cllege called Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT), I decided t apply t a summer prgram they were ffering with the encuragement f my mm. After participating in that prgram, I knew that MIT was the right university fr me.(在收到一封来自麻省理工学院的电子邮件后，在我妈妈的鼓励下，我决定申请他们提供的暑期项目。在参加了这个项目之后，我知道MIT是适合我的大学)”可知，作者申请麻省理工学院是因为一个暑期项目使她爱上了麻省理工学院。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段“The mst exciting and fulfilling part f being an engineer is that I am able t wrk n prjects that benefit humanity.(作为一名工程师，最令人兴奋和满足的部分是我能够从事有益于人类的项目)”以及“What they may nt imagine is the great bdy f wrk being dne t study ur wn hme-Earth. I am thankful t have a career that allws me t cmmit myself t that respnsibility.(他们可能无法想象的是，研究我们自己的家园地球的大量工作正在进行。我很感激有这样一份工作，能让我承担起这样的责任)”可知，作者因自己为人类福祉而工作而自豪。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“And while Cassini will be remembered fr its histric cntributins, what I will remember it fr is the team it brught tgether.(虽然卡西尼号将因其历史性贡献而被铭记，但我将铭记的是它所凝聚的团队)”可知，在卡西尼号任务中，作者最看重的是它所凝聚的团队。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I realized that a cmmn theme f her stries is that the her must always make a chice t start their adventure. If yu dn’t pick up the swrd in yur wn stry because yu are afraid f what may happen next, yu risk nt having a stry at all.(我意识到英雄故事的一个共同主题是，英雄必须总是做出选择，开始他们的冒险。如果你在自己的故事中因为害怕接下来可能发生的事情而不拿起剑，你就有可能根本没有故事)”可知，我们能从这个故事中学到“勇者无惧”的道理。故选B。
C
Laughing tgether is an imprtant way fr peple t cnnect and bnd. And thugh the causes f laughter can vary widely acrss individuals and grups, the sund f a laugh is usually recgnizable between peple belnging t different cultures.
But what abut animals? D they “laugh”? And are the causes f animal and human laughter alike? In humans, peple may laugh when they hear a jke, r when they see smething that they think is funny, thugh it’s unknwn if animals’ intelligence includes what humans wuld call a sense f humr.
Hwever, many animals prduce sunds during play that are unique t that pleasant scial interactin. Researchers cnsider such vcalizatins t be similar t human laughter. Recently, scientists investigated play vcalizatin t see hw cmmn it was amng animals. The team identified 65 species that “laughed” while playing — mst were mammals (哺乳动物), but a few bird species demnstrated playful laughter t. Reprts f playful laughter were ntably absent in studies describing fish, perhaps because there is sme questin as t whether r nt play exists at all in that animal grup. This new study culd help scientists t analyze the rigins f human laughter.
But hw can we identify play? Unlike fighting, play is usually repetitive and happens independently f ther scial behavirs, said lead study authr Sasha Winkler, a dctr f bilgical anthrplgy at the University f Califrnia. When it cmes t identifying it, “yu knw it when yu see it,” Winkler tld Live Science. One sign is that primates — ur clsest relatives — have a “play face” that is similar t the expressins f humans wh are playing.
When Winkler previusly wrked with rhesus macaques, she had nticed that the mnkeys panted (喘气) quietly while playing. Many ther primates are als knwn t vcalize during play, she said, s a hypthesis (laughter in humans is thught t have riginated during play) supprted by the play-related panting laughter f many primate species was put frward.
Peple nw still laugh during play, but we als integrate laughter int language and nn-play behavirs, using laughter in diverse ways t express a range f emtins that may be psitive r negative. Human laughter ntably differs frm ther animals’ laughter in anther imprtant way: its vlume. Peple bradcast their laughter ludly, ften as a way f establishing inclusin. By cmparisn, when mst animals laugh, the sund is very quiet — just lud enugh t be heard by the laugher’s partner.
“It’s really fascinating that s many animals have a similar functin f vcalizatin during play,” Winkler tld Live Science. “But we d have these unique parts f human laughter that are als an imprtant area fr future study."
28．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T explain causes f animal and human laughter.
B．T assess cmplexities regarding animal laughter.
C．T present findings n the existence f animal laughter.
D．T analyze differences between animal and human laughter.
29．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．Animal laughter is even nticeable in fish.
B．Animal laughter is hard t recgnize during play.
C．Peple have learned t cmbine play with laughter.
D．Peple laugh ludly because they want t invlve thers.
30．What is prbably the fcus f future study n laughter?
A．Distinctive features f human laughter.
B．Different functins f animal laughter.
C．The rigin and develpment f human laughter.
D．The relatinship between animal laughter and intelligence.
【答案】28．C 29．D 30．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于“动物界存在笑声”的相关研究成果。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But what abut animals? D they “laugh”? And are the causes f animal and human laughter alike?(但是动物呢？他们会“笑”吗？动物和人类笑的原因是一样的吗？)”提出的三个问题、第三段中“Recently, scientists investigated play vcalizatin t see hw cmmn it was amng animals. The team identified 65 species that “laughed” while playing — mst were mammals (哺乳动物), but a few bird species demnstrated playful laughter t.(最近，科学家们调查了游戏中的发声，看看它在动物中有多普遍。研究小组确定了65种会在玩耍时“笑”的物种——大多数是哺乳动物，但一些鸟类也会笑)”、第五段中“Many ther primates are als knwn t vcalize during play, she said, s a hypthesis (laughter in humans is thught t have riginated during play) supprted by the play-related panting laughter f many primate species was put frward.(她说，许多其他灵长类动物也会在玩耍时发出声音，因此提出了一种假说(人类的笑声被认为是在玩耍时产生的)，这种假说得到了许多灵长类动物与玩耍有关的喘息笑声的支持)”和最后一段中“‘It’s really fascinating that s many animals have a similar functin f vcalizatin during play,’ Winkler tld Live Science.(温克勒告诉《生活科学》杂志说：“这么多动物在玩耍时都有类似的发声功能，这真的很有趣。”)”中给出的相关答案可知，本文是为了展示“动物界存在笑声”相关研究的成果。故选C项。
29．细节理解题。根据第六段中“Peple bradcast their laughter ludly, ften as a way f establishing inclusin.(人们大声传播他们的笑声，这通常是作为一种寻求参与者的方式)”可知，人们大声地笑是为了让其它人参与进来。故选D项。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But we d have these unique parts f human laughter that are als an imprtant area fr future study.(但我们确实有人类笑声所独有的部分，这也是未来研究的一个重要领域)”可推知，接下来的研究很可能重点关注人类笑声的独特特征。故选A项。
D
Plants need sunlight fr phtsynthesis (光合作用), the prcess f absrbing energy frm light t create their wn fd frm carbn dixide and water. That’s why plants grw and thrive in the warmer mnths when there is mre daylight and are drmant in the clder mnths.
But this prcess isn’t particularly efficient and nly ne percent f the energy cntained in sunlight actually ends up in the plant, accrding t a news release frm the University f Califrnia, Riverside. Nw scientists at the university have fund a way t bypass the need fr natural phtsynthesis and t create fd by using artificial phtsynthesis. This allws plants t grw in cmplete darkness. “With ur apprach we sught t identify a new way f prducing fd that culd break thrugh the limits nrmally impsed by bilgical phtsynthesis,” crrespnding authr Rbert Jinkersn, a UCR assistant prfessr f chemical and envirnmental engineering said in the news release.
The researchers devted t artificial phtsynthesis used a tw-step electrcatalytic (电催化) prcess t cnvent CO2, water, and electricity int acetate (醋酸盐) — the main ingredient f vinegar — that the plant rganisms cnsumed t grw. The researchers adjusted the electrlyzer, a device that uses electricity t supprt the grwth f fd prducing rganisms. t cme up with the highest levels f acetate ever prduced by this methd.
The new artificial phtsynthesis methd culd be up t 18 times mre efficient than sunlight. Experiments shwed that a large range f fd prducing rganisms culd be grwn using this acetate. “We were able t grw fd prducing rganisms withut any cntributins frm bilgical phtsynthesis,” said Elizabeth Hann, a dctral candidate in the Jinkersn lab and c-lead authr f the study. “This technlgy is a mre efficient methd f turning slar energy int fd, as cmpared t fd prductin that relics n bilgical phtsynthesis,” she said.
By eliminating the need fr sunlight, he ptential f this methd t increase fd supply in regins with less - than ideal grwing cnditins is almst endless, accrding t New Atlas.
Fd will be able t be grwn almst anywhere, including in space and n ther planets. “Imagine smeday giant vessels grwing tmat plants in the dark and n Mars — hw much easier wuld that be fr future Martians?” c-authr Martha Orzc-Cárdenas, directr f the UCR Plant Transfrmatin Research Center said.
While this may be years ff, the ptential t grw fd using artificial phtsynthesis has great value in feeding a hungry place where the ppulatin is grwing and arable land shrinking. This new methd increases the efficiency f fd prductin using less land and minimizes the envirnmental impact n the planet.
31．What des the underlined wrd “drmant” in Paragraph 1 mst prbably mean?
A．Fresh.B．Resting.C．Healthy.D．Nrmal.
32．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The prcess f artificial phtsynthesis.
B．The cntributin f natural phtsynthesis.
C．The efficiency f sunlight n plant rganisms.
D．The wide range f applicatins f artificial phtsynthesis.
33．Accrding t Martha Orzc-Cárdenas, artificial phtsynthesis is .
A．accurateB．dangerusC．prmisingD．impractical
34．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Bilgical phtsynthesis can help prduce higher quality fd.
B．Bilgical phtsynthesis is mre efficient in turning slar energy int fd.
C．Using artificial phtsynthesis may decrease the efficiency f fd prductin.
D．Using artificial phtsynthesis t grw fd can reduce envirnmental influence.
【答案】31．B 32．A 33．C 34．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工光合作用的过程以及积极效果。
31．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“That’s why plants grw and thrive in the warmer mnths when there is mre daylight (这就是为什么植物在温暖的月份生长和茁壮成长)”以及后文“in the clder mnths”结合常识，可知，植物在阳光充足的温暖月份生长茂盛，而在寒冷的月份休眠。故划线词意思是“休息的”。故选B。
32．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The researchers devted t artificial phtsynthesis used a tw-step electrcatalytic (电催化) prcess t cnvent CO2, water, and electricity int acetate (醋酸盐) — the main ingredient f vinegar — that the plant rganisms cnsumed t grw. The researchers adjusted the electrlyzer, a device that uses electricity t supprt the grwth f fd prducing rganisms. t cme up with the highest levels f acetate ever prduced by this methd.(致力于人工光合作用的研究人员使用两步电催化过程将二氧化碳、水和电转化为醋酸盐——醋的主要成分——植物有机体消耗醋酸来生长。研究人员调整了电解槽，这是一种利用电力来支持食物生产生物生长的设备。用这种方法生产出了最高水平的醋酸盐)”可知，第三段的主要内容是人工光合作用的过程。故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Fd will be able t be grwn almst anywhere, including in space and n ther planets. “Imagine smeday giant vessels grwing tmat plants in the dark and n Mars — hw much easier wuld that be fr future Martians?” c-authr Martha Orzc-Cárdenas, directr f the UCR Plant Transfrmatin Research Center said.(食物几乎可以在任何地方种植，包括在太空和其他星球上。“想象一下，有一天，巨大的容器在黑暗中在火星上种植番茄——这对未来的火星人来说会容易多少？”UCR植物转化研究中心主任Martha Orzc-Cárdenas说)”可知，Martha Orzc-Cárdenas认为人工光合作用是有希望的。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段“This new methd increases the efficiency f fd prductin using less land and minimizes the envirnmental impact n the planet.(这种新方法使用更少的土地提高了粮食生产的效率，并最大限度地减少了对地球环境的影响)”可知，利用人工光合作用种植食物可以减少对环境的影响。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期中）Which is healthier: a bag f crisps r a vegetable salad? That is easy. Nw which is healthier: a pizza made frm scratch r ne made frm the same basic ingredients, with the same number f calries, pulled ut f a bx in the freezer? Many peple wuld instinctively(本能地) say the frmer, perhaps shwing a vague cncern with prcessed fd. Such fd can ften be delicius. And there is much t cheer abut calries being cheap and abundant. 35
What’s the distinctin between “ultra-prcessed fd(upf)” and “prcessed fd”? Almst everything peple cnsume is prcessed in sme frm. Rice is harvested; animals are butchered. Upf is usually described as “frmulatins f ingredients, made by a series f industrial prcesses, many requiring advanced equipment and technlgy”. 36 The ne in the freezer, with its extra, mdified ingredients, is upf.
Upf harms peple in ways bth knwn and unknwn. It seems t affect the trillins f bacteria that cntribute t health in a range f ways. Calrie-rich but usually nutrient-pr, upf cntributes t besity(肥胖症).
Upf displaces healthier alternatives, particularly fr pr peple. 37 Extra weight was nce a sign f wealth, but amng British and American wmen tday, besity rates are higher at lwer-incme levels.
38 Additives that may be safe in small quantities may be harmful in cmbinatin with ther chemicals r when cnsumed regularly. If we are what we eat, cnsidering the impact f upf is essential.
39 Peple wh live in s-called “fd swamps”, where upf is everywhere but real fd is harder t reach, culd spend large amunts f time and mney seeking ut fresh fd, but that is nt hw mst peple live. There is nthing wrng with the dd fast-fd trip, but anyne wh can affrd t eat less upf prbably shuld.
A．Envirnment matters, t.
B．It’s cheap t prduce and buy.
C．But that cheapness and abundance cme at a cst.
D．Even fds labeled “natural” r “rganic” can be prcessed.
E．A pizza made frm scratch cntains minimally prcessed fd.
F．Sme peple have a particular weakness fr salty ptat crisps.
G．The reasns why upf can be harmful are nt always clear, even t scientists.
【答案】35．C 36．E 37．B 38．G 39．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了要警惕超加工食品的危害。
35．前文“Many peple wuld instinctively(本能地) say the frmer, perhaps shwing a vague cncern with prcessed fd. Such fd can ften be delicius. And there is much t cheer abut calries being cheap and abundant.(许多人本能地会说前者更健康，也许是出于对加工食品的隐约担忧。加工食品往往很美味。而且含有让人欢呼雀跃的又多又便宜的卡路里。)”讲述了许多人对加工食品表示担忧，并先肯定了加工食品的优点，所以空处应讲述加油食品让人担忧的方面，C项“但那种多和便宜是要付出代价的。”与上文形成转折，且选项中的“cheapness and abundance”对应前句中的“cheap and abundant”。故选C。
36．后文“The ne in the freezer, with its extra, mdified ingredients, is upf.(冰箱里的披萨是超加工食品，里面含有额外的、经过改良的成分。)”中的The ne in the freezer与第一段中的“ne made frm the same basic ingredients, with the same number f calries, pulled ut f a bx in the freezer”对应，所以空处应是讲述从头开始制作的披萨的情况，E项“从零开始制作的披萨含有最低限度的加工食品。”符合题意，选项中的“A pizza made frm scratch”与第一段中的“a pizza made frm scratch”对应。故选E。
37．前文“Upf displaces healthier alternatives, particularly fr pr peple.(超加工食品替代了更健康的食品，对穷人来说尤其如此。)”讲述了穷人用超加工食品替代了更健康的食品，空处应承接上文，陈述这么做的原因，B项“它的生产和购买成本低廉。”符合题意。故选B。
38．后文“Additives that may be safe in small quantities may be harmful in cmbinatin with ther chemicals r when cnsumed regularly.(在少量使用时可能无害的添加剂，在与其他化学物质混合或经常摄入时可能会有害。)”讲述了有些添加剂在少量食用时无害，但在与其他化学成分混合或者经常使用时却有害，所以空处应是说超加工食品有害的原因并不总是很清晰。G项“超加工食品为何有害的原因并不总是清晰明了，甚至连科学家也不清楚。”符合题意。故选G。
39．后文“Peple wh live in s-called ‘fd swamps’, where upf is everywhere but real fd is harder t reach, culd spend large amunts f time and mney seeking ut fresh fd, but that is nt hw mst peple live.(生活在所谓的‘食物沼泽’中的人们，那里的超加工食品无处不在，但真正的健康食物却很难获得，人们可能要花费大量的时间和金钱去寻找新鲜食物，但这并不是大多数人的生活方式。)”讲述了有些人生活在超加工食品泛滥的环境中，他们很难获得健康的食物，由此可知，人们所处的环境对健康也很重要。A项“环境也很重要。”符合题意。故选A。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
E-waste is a serius prblem that isn’t ging t get better n its wn. Here are sme d-it-yurself tips n hw t manage e-waste.
Maybe the biggest cause f ur e-waste prblem is the fact that we buy things that we just dn’t need. Next time yu feel like yu need a device r electrnic item, stp yurself and ask if it is truly necessary. This is maybe als the easiest way we can manage e-waste. Organize yur electrnics. If yu dn’t keep yur cnnectrs, DVDs, wires and gadgets rganized, yu wn’t be aware f what yu have. When we buy duplicate electrnics because we think we need them, we are cntributing t ur grwing e-waste prblem. “Hw t manage e-waste” becmes less f an issue when we keep ur wn huses in rder.
If yu d nt need a piece f equipment and it is in gd enugh cnditin t be reused, dnate it as sn as yu can s that smebdy else can use it. Dnatins are gd fr us because they are a useful way t get tax deductins, and a lt f times that tax deductin will be clse t the value f the item had yu tried t sell it. Take yur electrnics back t the stre. Sme stres ffer trade-in prgrams, where yu can drp ff yur ld equipment in return fr gift cards.
There are als places t sell electrnics that might be valuable t smebdy else. Just be sure t sell them right away, because they lse value very rapidly in ur changing market.
If yu are frequently receiving memry sticks and little gadgets, cllect them int a gd-e-bag. Whenever yu n lnger need a USB stick r a small electrnic device, tss it int the bag. Yu might be surprised at hw quickly it fills up. S be sure yu are utilizing yur materials and prducts thughtfully. With these tips yu can use DIY slutins t learn hw t manage e-waste. Yur huse will be cleaner, yu will save mney and yu’ll be ding a gd thing.
40．What is the biggest cause f ur e-waste prblem?

41．Hw can peple get tax deductins when managing e-waste?

42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Sell the electrnics that yu dn't need right away because the earlier yu sell them, the mre gift cards yu can get.

43．Why d we need t manage ur e-waste? (In abut 40 wrds)

【答案】40．The biggest cause f ur e-waste is (the fact) that we buy things that we just dn’t need./ It is the fact that we buy things that we just dn’t need. /(The fact)That we buy things that we just dn’t need. 41．They/Peple get tax deductins by making dnatins. /Thrugh dnatins./Dnating is a useful way t get tax deductins./By dnating (their equipment when it is in gd enugh cnditin).
Sell the electrnics that yu dn’t need right away because the earlier yu sell them, the mre gift cards yu can get. Accrding t the passage, sell the electrnics that yu dn’t need right away because they lse value very rapidly in ur changing market./Accrding t the passage, because the electrnics lse value very rapidly in ur changing market, the earlier yu sell them, the mre valuable they will remain.
43．Managing ur e-waste can reduce the pressure n the envirnment. If we dn’t deal with the fast-grwing e-waste prperly, it will pllute ur envirnment r even affect the fd chain. Plus, it can relieve the shrtage f metal resurces, because sme metals in e-waste are reusable if they are recycled.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了电子垃圾产生的原因以及危害。
40．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Maybe the biggest cause f ur e-waste prblem is the fact that we buy things that we just dn’t need.(也许电子垃圾问题的最大原因是我们买了我们根本不需要的东西)”可知，电子垃圾的最大原因是我们买了我们根本不需要的东西。故答案为The biggest cause f ur e-waste is (the fact) that we buy things that we just dn’t need./ It is the fact that we buy things that we just dn’t need. /(The fact)That we buy things that we just dn’t need.
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段“If yu d nt need a piece f equipment and it is in gd enugh cnditin t be reused, dnate it as sn as yu can s that smebdy else can use it. Dnatins are gd fr us because they are a useful way t get tax deductins, and a lt f times that tax deductin will be clse t the value f the item had yu tried t sell it.(如果你不需要一件设备，而且它的状况足够好，可以重复使用，那么尽快把它捐赠出去，让其他人可以使用。捐赠对我们有好处，因为它们是获得税收减免的有效方式，而且很多时候，税收减免将接近你试图出售的物品的价值)”可知，人们通过捐款获得税收减免。故答案为They/Peple get tax deductins by making dnatins. /Thrugh dnatins./Dnating is a useful way t get tax deductins./By dnating (their equipment when it is in gd enugh cnditin).
42．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“There are als places t sell electrnics that might be valuable t smebdy else. Just be sure t sell them right away, because they lse value very rapidly in ur changing market.(还有一些地方出售对其他人来说可能有价值的电子产品。一定要马上把它们卖掉，因为它们在不断变化的市场中很快就会贬值)”可知，根据这篇文章，卖掉你不需要的电子产品，因为它们在我们不断变化的市场中很快就会失去价值。故错误的部分为“because the earlier yu sell them, the mre gift cards yu can get.”。故答案为Sell the electrnics that yu dn’t need right away because the earlier yu sell them, the mre gift cards yu can get. Accrding t the passage, sell the electrnics that yu dn’t need right away because they lse value very rapidly in ur changing market./Accrding t the passage, because the electrnics lse value very rapidly in ur changing market, the earlier yu sell them, the mre valuable they will remain.
43．开放题，言之有理即可，注意字数。题干：为什么我们需要管理电子垃圾？可回答：管理电子垃圾可以减少对环境的压力。如果我们不妥善处理快速增长的电子垃圾，它将污染我们的环境，甚至影响食物链。此外，它可以缓解金属资源的短缺，因为如果回收利用，电子垃圾中的一些金属是可重复使用的。故答案为Managing ur e-waste can reduce the pressure n the envirnment. If we dn’t deal with the fast-grwing e-waste prperly, it will pllute ur envirnment r even affect the fd chain. Plus, it can relieve the shrtage f metal resurces, because sme metals in e-waste are reusable if they are recycled.
第二节(20分)
假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Ella写信给你，询问怎样戒除吃过多不健康零食的不良习惯。请根据以下要点给她回信：
1. 你的看法；
2. 具体建议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Ella,
Yu asked me t give yu advice n
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Sincerely yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Ella,
Yu asked me t give yu advice n hw t get rid f the bad habit f eating t many unhealthy snacks, I am writing t tell yu sme f my pinins.
Eating snacks is a waste f mney. It’s als a bad habit that we shuld get rid f. Besides, mst snacks have t much fat and sugar, which is harmful t health. As yung students, we shuld develp healthy eating habits. Yu shuld eat mre vegetables and fruits instead f unhealthy snacks. In additin, it’s advised t quit cnsuming fast fd frequently. Finally, drink water instead f sugary drinks.
I hpe my advice can help yu.
Sincerely yurs,
Li Hua