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07- 备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）（解析版）
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这是一份07- 备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）（解析版），共20页。
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a bilgist and phtgrapher, I always take my camera everywhere t take pictures f wild animals. One day, I was standing n a bat when a very large female lepard seal(海豹) swam by. I put n my diving equipment and grabbed my 1 . I was frightened because she was s big. My muth was dry, and I culdn’t even 2 . But I knew it was time t 3 this mysterius creature.
I jumped int the freezing water. Immediately, the seal swam twards me. Then she put my entire camera and much f my head int her muth. Thinking this must be a sign f 4 , I decided t stay very calm. Althugh the seal was shwing me her teeth, I tried nt t 5 any fear. She did it a few mre times, and then swam away. T my 6 , she came back with a live penguin. And she even shwed me hw t eat it. Then she pushed the penguin int my camera—she thught the camera was my muth!
Being a bilgist, I understd that she was trying t 7 me. But I thught that she was really trying t cmmunicate with me. At this pint, she didn’t seem very 8 . She stayed by me and tk care f me fr fur days.
I gt many amazing pictures during thse fur days. And, mre imprtantly, I’ve learned that animals d nt always behave the way we 9 . I believe the 10 experience I had with this pwerful and intelligent animal will stay with me frever.
1．A．knifeB．bagC．cameraD．gun
2．A．escapeB．makeC．mveD．fight
3．A．apprachB．adptC．imagineD．rescue
4．A．respectB．sympathyC．rewardD．threat
5．A．cnfirmB．expseC．vercmeD．reduce
6．A．satisfactinB．regretC．surpriseD．srrw
7．A．feedB．cmfrtC．attackD．assess
8．A．reliableB．dangerusC．sensitiveD．ambitius
9．A．admireB．prmiseC．demandD．expect
10．A．cnfusingB．similarC．incredibleD．bitter
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者拍摄海豹的经历及感悟。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我穿上了潜水设备，拿起了照相机。A. knife刀；B. bag包；C. camera照相机；D. gun枪。根据后文的 “Then she put my entire camera and much f my head int her muth.”可知，海豹把我的头和相机放在了他的嘴里，所以我是带着相机潜水的。故选C项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的嘴唇发干，甚至都无法动弹的了。A. escape逃跑；B. make制作；C. mve移动；D. fight斗争。根据前文的“I was frightened”可知，我看见海豹后十分害怕，一动不动地待在那里。故选C项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我知道，这是接近这个神秘生物的好时候。。A. apprach接近；B. adpt采取；C. imagine想象；D. rescue营救。根据后文的“I jumped int the freezing water.”可知，我决定跳入水里，近距离观察海豹，所以此处是接近这个海豹。故选A项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为这一定是威胁的信号，所以决定保持冷静。A. respect尊重；B. sympathy同情；C. reward回报；D. threat威胁；恐吓。根据前文的“Then she put my entire camera and much f my head int her muth.”可知，海豹看到人类后，采取了威胁恐吓人类的做法。故选D项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管海豹向我展示它的牙齿，但我尽力不显露出任何害怕。A. cnfirm确认；B. expse暴露；C. vercme克服；D. reduce减少。根据前文的“I decided t stay very calm.”可知，尽管海豹在威胁我，但我还是尽力保持冷静，不露出害怕的神情。故选B项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：使我惊讶的是，它叼着一只活着的企鹅又回来了。A. satisfactin满足；B. regret后悔；C. surprise惊讶；D. srrw悲伤。根据后文的“she came back with a live penguin.”可知，我没有想到海豹会去而复返，还带着一只企鹅，所以当它叼着一只活着的企鹅又回来了，我很惊讶。故选C项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名生物学家，我理解海豹尝试用企鹅喂我吃。A. feed喂养；B. cmfrt安慰；C. attack攻击；D. assess评估。根据前文的“Then she pushed the penguin int my camera—she thught the camera was my muth!”可知，海豹把照相机当成了我的嘴，把企鹅推到了我的“嘴边”，说明海豹是在喂养我，想让我吃了企鹅。故选A项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，它看上去似乎不那么危险了。A. reliable可靠的；B. dangerus危险的；C. sensitive多愁善感的；D. ambitius野心勃勃的。根据后文“She stayed by me and tk care f me fr fur days.”可知，从那一刻开始，海豹开始信任我，我也不再害怕它了。故选B项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，我得知动物的行为并不总是我们预期的那样。A. admire钦佩；B. prmise承诺；C. demand要求；D. expect预期，期待；认为。根据前文“Then she put my entire camera and much f my head int her muth.”及“Then she pushed the penguin int my camera—she thught the camera was my muth!”可知，海豹的行为前后发生了很大的变化，一开始威胁我，后来信任了我，给我分享食物吃。说明海豹并不是像人们认为的那样可怕危险。故选D项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信与这只强大聪慧的动物在一起的不可思议的体验将伴随我终生。A. cnfusing令人困惑的；B. similar相似的；C. incredible难以置信的；惊人的；不可思议的；D. bitter痛苦的。根据前文“She stayed by me and tk care f me fr fur days.”及“I gt many amazing pictures during thse fur days. ”可知，我与海豹在一起的经历是非常美妙的，不可思议的。故选C项。
第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
A
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Gratitude is mre than just saying “thank yu”. Gratitude is a deeper appreciatin fr smene r smething. Expressing gratitude makes us feel a psitive emtin. Over the past thirty years, there 11 (be) many studies shwing that writing a gratitude letter t anther persn ffers us an pprtunity 12 (escape) frm negative emtins. Even if we dn’t share ur writing with anyne, the act f cmpleting the exercise alne makes us happier and 13 (satisfied) with life. The mre we express gratitude, the mre psitive we feel.
【答案】11．have been 12．t escape 13．mre satisfied
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。研究发现：感恩不仅仅是给人道一声“谢谢”，感恩是对某人或某事的更深层次的欣赏，同时也对我们的健康有好处，尤其是以写感谢信来表达感恩的这个方式，能使我们逃离负面情绪的影响。
11．考查时态。句意：在过去的三十年里，有许多研究表明，给别人写一封感谢信给我们提供了一个逃离负面情绪的机会。根据时间状语Over the past thirty years，句子谓语用现在完成时态，此处为there be结构，主语为many studies，为复数，故助动词用have。故填have been。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的三十年里，有许多研究表明，给别人写一封感谢信给我们提供了一个逃离负面情绪的机会。此处考查名词pprtunity，后接动词不定式作后置定语，故填t escape。
13．考查形容词比较等级。句意：即使我们不与任何人分享我们写的内容，完成练习的行为本身就会让我们更快乐、对生活更满意。设空处与形容词happier并列，也用比较等级，作us的宾补，故填mre satisfied。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Accrding t China Daily, the summer f 2022 became the httest since China’s meterlgical (气象学的) recrds 14 (begin). The weather frecast reprted that the high temperature in sme areas culd reach 40℃, 15 (pssible) breaking recrds. 16 (affect) by the high temperatures, sme areas experienced drught and a decrease in agricultural prductin. Peple and gvernments shuld be prepared t d mre t tackle climate change.
【答案】14．began 15．pssibly 16．Affected
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是据《中国日报》报道，2022年夏天成为中国有气象记录以来最热的夏天。
14．考查时态。句意：据《中国日报》报道，2022年夏天成为中国有气象记录以来最热的夏天。since引导的时间状语从句中时态用一般过去时，因此空格处用过去式began，故填began。
15．考查副词。句意：天气预报说，一些地区的高温可能达到40℃，可能会打破纪录。空格处用副词修饰动词breaking，pssible的副词是pssibly，意为“可能”，故填pssibly。
16．考查非谓语动词。句意：受高温影响，一些地区出现干旱，农业减产。句中谓语是experienced，空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Affected。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Usually, stress is seen as being bad, but this is nt always true. Eustress(积极压力)is the psitive term fr stress. It 17 (relate) t well-being and psitive attitudes. Eustress ccurs when the gap between what ne has and what ne wants is 18 (slight) pushed. Eustress creates a better envirnment fr peple, which 19 (make) them perfrm better and cst less. Therefre, Eustress is necessary 20 achievement.
【答案】17．is related 18．slightly 19．makes 20．fr
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是积极压力的重要性。
17．考查动词。句意：它与幸福和积极的态度有关。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。句中be related t为固定短语，意为“与……有关”。故填is related。
18．考查副词。句意：当一个人所拥有的和想要的之间的差距被略微拉大时，就会出现“良性压力”。分析句子，设空处使用slight的副词slightly作状语，意为“稍微地”。故填slightly。
19．考查动词。句意：良性压力为人们创造了一个更好的环境，使他们表现得更好，成本更低。分析句子，设空处使用动词作which引导定语从句的谓语动词，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。which指代前文的envirnment，为单数。故填makes。
20．考查介词。句意：因此，积极压力对于取得成就是必要的。句中be necessary fr为固定短语，意为“对……是有必要的”。故填fr。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
One f the best ways t imprve ur cmmunities is thrugh vlunteer wrk. Accrding t a reprt frm United Natins Vlunteers, it is estimated that 140 millin peple vlunteer in every natin and in a variety f settings. Frbes reprts that research has shwn that vlunteering can greatly benefit vlunteers. These benefits include an increased sense f prductivity, the develpment f new skills, resume-building experience, imprved physical health, and the emtinal rewards that cme with thers appreciating yu and yur effrts. Here are sme types fr yu t jin in lcal cmmunities.
Sprts vlunteering
Yu dn’t need t be gd at the sprt in which yu wish t vlunteer. Sme f the mst imprtant characteristics include enthusiasm and interest. Yur sprts rganisatin shuld put yu thrugh any qualificatins that yu need t carry ut yur rle. Mst peple vlunteer n average tw r three hurs a week, but there are als pprtunities t vlunteer mre r less ften.
Supprt the Red Crss
Red Crss is an rganizatin that helps with disaster relief, bld dnatins, and mre. Being a Red Crss vlunteer prvides experience in the medical field and allws yu t help thse in need. The Red Crss respnds t disasters natinwide and helps cmmunities recver. It may be difficult t see damaged cmmunities, but yu culd have a part in assisting them t recver. In additin, yu may meet new friends alng the way.
Organize a Summer Reading Prgram
Summer reading prgrams are ne way t keep children’s reading skills active and their mind fresh during the whle summer vacatin. Organizing a summer reading prgram is an excellent way t get kids t read a bk, braden their vcabulary, and learn smething new. Yu can share yur favrite bks, ffer prizes t children wh meet their gals, and turn the prgram int a friendly cmpetitin, all while teaching children the imprtance f reading.
21．What requirements d yu need t meet if yu want t vlunteer fr sprts?
A．Be fnd f sprts.B．Fllw the fixed schedule.
C．Have past the qualificatin tests.D．Be gd at varius kinds f sprts.
22．The summer reading prgram can help kids t .
A．share their favrite bks
B．rganize bk reading cmpetitins
C．review what they have learned in schl
D．enrich their reading experience in summer
23．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T help manage the lcal cmmunity.
B．T intrduce the cmmunities in need.
C．T intrduce different vlunteer prgrams.
D．T shw the benefits f ding vlunteer wrk.
【答案】21．A 22．D 23．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章向读者推荐了在当地社区中几个适合加入的志愿者活动类型。
21．细节理解题。根据“Sprts vlunteering”部分中“Yu dn’t need t be gd at the sprt in which yu wish t vlunteer. Sme f the mst imprtant characteristics include enthusiasm and interest. (你不需要擅长你想做志愿者的运动。一些最重要的特征包括热情和兴趣。)”可知，如果你想成为体育志愿者，一些最重要的特征包括对运动充满热情和兴趣。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据Organize a Summer Reading Prgram部分中“Organizing a summer reading prgram is an excellent way t get kids t read a bk, braden their vcabulary, and learn smething new.(组织一个暑期阅读项目是让孩子们读书、扩大词汇量、学习新东西的好方法。)”可知，组织一个暑期阅读项目能够丰富他们的夏季阅读体验。故选D。
23．推理判断题。通读全文，向读者推荐了在当地社区中几个适合加入的志愿者活动类型。文章的目的是介绍不同的志愿者项目。故选C。
B
Influenced by her family, Xu started t learn the craft f making Chinese knts at hme, but didn’t expect the pastime t change her life at first. Xu became a city-level inheritr f this prvincial-level intangible cultural heritage in 2009, and has been devted t develping the craft since then.
As a fan f phtgraphy, she ften tk phts f dragnflies, butterflies and flwers arund a lake nt far frm her hme, then she made knts resembling them, and psted the phts n a website. That attracted the attentin f sme peple.
As an advertising design majr, she makes innvated knts based n her knwledge f design, and can use varius threads t make small, exquisite designs. She has created many series f wrks based n traditinal Chinese culture, such as festivals, tea and Peking Opera characters.
“Shwing Chinese culture thrugh traditinal Chinese crafts—that is the riginal aspiratin fr me as an inheritr f the intangible cultural heritage,” says Xu. She has made mre than 3,000 designs, and even pened tw ffline branch stres. Her prducts include decratins f different sizes that can be put n walls, car rnaments, cellphne chains and jewelry. “I believe ur intangible cultural heritage can be better develped and passed dwn when it meets peple’s needs in daily life,” says Xu.
Chen, an nline fllwer, has been teaching hw t make knts in the United Arab Emirates. “Influenced by Xu’s wrk, I learn the craft t cultivate my temperament, and I als teach children t better understand Chinese culture,” says Chen. “Chinese culture is ppular in the UAE, and I ften make sme knts with Chinese elements fr lcal peple as gifts.”
Xu has als been generus in helping thers. She taught this art t wrkers wh lst their jbs in her hmetwn, allwing them t master a skill frm which they culd earn an incme. Students and peple with disabilities were als beneficiaries. Indeed, mre than 20 peple with disabilities nw actually wrk fr her.
Despite the success f her career, Xu says wrking n the craft has benefited her mre in a spiritual way. “Tying knts requires cncentratin, and yu must nt be distracted during the prcess. It has trained me t deal with matters in a calm, peaceful and ratinal way,” says Xu. “I believe the life f ne persn is shrt, and yu have the right t decide hw t spend it.”
24．With the knwledge f design, Xu can ________.
A．pst plenty f attractive phts n the website
B．draw the Peking Opera characters mre vividly
C．make many creative knts related t Chinese culture
D．take many prfessinal phts f animals and flwers
25．What can we learn abut Xu?
A．She plans t pen mre ffline branch stres abrad.
B．She designs prducts with a fcus n peple’s everyday needs.
C．She is well-knwn fr teaching hw t make knts in the UAE.
D．She wants t help disabled students imprve their cncentratin.
26．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Xu?
A．Hnest and easy-ging.B．Mdest and strng-willed.
C．Humrus and hard-wrking.D．Innvative and kind-hearted.
27．Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．Traditinal Chinese Crafts G Glbal
B．Chinese Knt-making, a Skill Nt t be Ignred
C．Traditinal Chinese Culture Becmes Fashinable
D．Chinese Knt-making, a Chance fr the Unemplyed
【答案】24．C 25．B 26．D 27．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了从小受家庭影响的徐，在家制作中国结，并根据自己拍摄的照片编制中国结获得大众喜爱，同时利用自己的广告设计专业优势进行创新，弘扬中国传统文化，成为非物质文化遗产继承人，帮助同乡的故事。
24．细节理解题。由文章第三段“As an advertising design majr, she makes innvated knts based n her knwledge f design, and can use varius threads t make small, exquisite designs. She has created many series f wrks based n traditinal Chinese culture, such as festivals, tea and Peking Opera characters.”（作为一名广告设计专业的学生，她根据自己的设计知识，制作了创新的结，并能利用各种线制作出精美的小图案。她创作了许多基于中国传统文化的作品，如节日、茶和京剧人物。）可知，徐利用设计知识可以制作和中国传统文化相关的创意中国结。故选C项。
25．细节理解题。由文章第四段后两句“Her prducts include decratins f different sizes that can be put n walls, car rnaments, cellphne chains and jewelry. “I believe ur intangible cultural heritage can be better develped and passed dwn when it meets peple’s needs in daily life,” says Xu.”（她的产品包括可以挂在墙上的不同大小的装饰品、汽车装饰品、手机链和珠宝。他说：“我相信，非物质文化遗产在满足人们日常生活需要的时候，才能得到更好的发展和传承。”）可知，她设计产品的重点是人们的日常需求。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。由文章第三段最后一句“She has created many series f wrks based n traditinal Chinese culture, such as festivals, tea and Peking Opera characters.”（她创作了许多基于中国传统文化的作品，如节日、茶和京剧人物。）可知，徐是一个有创造力的人。由文章倒数第二段的首句“Xu has als been generus in helping thers.”（徐一直慷慨地帮助他人。）可知，徐是一位热心的人。故选D项。
27．主旨大意题。文章讲述徐先生因为中国结去的事业上的成就，，中国结在阿联酋得到欢迎，以及徐先生教授一些弱势群体通过中国结过得收入。可以推知本篇文章主要突显中国结这项技艺十分重要，应该得以继续传承。结合选项。B选项：中国结制作，一项不容忽视的技能。符合文章的总结概括。故选B。
C
There are hundreds f bacterial(细菌的)species in ur stmach. Bacterial diversity is a gd thing, a general cntributr t and marker f gd health. But what des a healthy stmach lk like? Studies indicate that the cmpsitin varies by many factrs.
One f the mst imprtant, it turns ut, is wh yu currently live with. Researchers have cme t the cnclusin: Diet and heritability(遗传力) are knwn t affect the micrbime(微生物组), but scial relatinships shape it mst—especially when it cmes t marriage. The Dutch Prject, which studied micrbes in 8, 208 individuals belnging t three generatins, finds that the heritability f micrbes is nly 1. 9 percent. They nticed much greater similarity amng the unrelated individuals sharing a husehld than amng relatives wh d nt share husehlds, including twins whse living situatins differ in adulthd.
The researchers fund that nearly 50 percent f micrbial types were significantly affected by chabitatin. In general, the micrbimes f all types f chabitrs (including parents and children) were mre similar than thse f participants living separately n matter their relatedness. Married cuples wh reprt having a clse, lving relatinship have the mst similarity. Evidence f micrbial sharing, especially f rare species, shws exchanges thrugh interactins. And that puts highlight n acts f clse relatinship—including kissing. Scientists have knwn fr decades that scial relatinships, especially marriage, pwerfully affect health. Nt nly are the micrbimes f chabiting cuples mre similar t each ther; they als are mre similarly diverse. There is a greater richness f species than in unmarried, nnchabiting individuals.
Despite the dminating influence f a clse, chabiting relatinship, the micrbime can be different in diet, especially ne rich in plant fiber. It can als be influenced by behavir, such as farming and gardening and exercise. Mrever, it’s adaptable t envirnment—green space and pllutants arund yu. Living in a rural envirnment brings increases in bacteria linked t health, and decreases in bacteria that are harmful. Living with pets als has a psitive effect n the micrbime, while expsure t air pllutin, especially car exhaust, and passive expsure t cigarette smke have negative effects.
It can als be affected by direct additin f specific species f bacteria, delivered in cnsumable prbitics(口服益生菌). There are prbitics nw marketed fr digestive health, thers aimed at immune health, and still thers fr bsting md. Nw that it’s clear that scial relatins play the largest rle in the makeup f the micrbime, can prbitics fr singles be far behind?
28．Which grup has the mst similar micrbimes?
A．Husband and wife.B．Adult twins.
C．Grandfather and grandsn.D．Clleagues.
29．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．Diet has a dminating influence n micrbimes.
B．Chabitatin is helpful fr us t have a balanced diet.
C．Scial relatins play a similar rle as sme prbitics.
D．The micrbimes in cuples are less diverse than singles.
30．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Wh Are the Healthiest Peple?B．Hw Des Scial Life Affect Our Health?
C．What Will a Healthy Stmach Lk Like?D．Hw D Micrbimes Wrk in Our Bdy?
【答案】28．A 29．C 30．B
【导语】文章是一篇说明文，介绍了一个健康的胃的组成有很多不同的因素。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers have cme t the cnclusin: Diet and heritability(遗传力) are knwn t affect the micrbime(微生物组), but scial relatinships shape it mst—especially when it cmes t marriage. ”（研究人员得出结论：饮食遗传力已知会影响微生物群，但社会关系影响最大，尤其是婚姻关系。）以及“They nticed much greater similarity amng the unrelated individuals sharing a husehld than amng relatives wh d nt share husehlds, including twins whse living situatins differ in adulthd.”（他们注意到，同住一个家庭的无血缘关系的个体之间的相似性比不同住一个家庭之间的无血缘关系的亲属之间的相似性要大得多）可知，丈夫和妻子的关系会具有相似的微生物群。故选A项。
29．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nw that it’s clear that scial relatins play the largest rle in the makeup f the micrbime, can prbitics fr singles be far behind?”（既然社会关系在微生物的构成中起着重大的作用，那么单身者们的益生菌还会远吗？）可知，社会关系和一些益生菌都在微生物的构成中起着重要作用，由此可推知，社会关系和一些益生菌有着相似的作用。故选C。
30．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段的“One f the mst imprtant, it turns ut, is wh yu currently live with (事实证明，最重要的一个因素是你现在和谁住在一起) ”和第三段“The researchers fund that nearly 50 percent f micrbial types were significantly affected by chabitatin (研究人员发现，近50%的微生物种类受到同居的显著影响)”以及最后一段的“Nw that it’s clear that scial relatins play the largest rle in the makeup f the micrbime, can prbitics fr singles be far behind?(既然社会关系在微生物群的组成中起着最大的作用，那么为单身人士提供益生菌还会远吗?)”可知本文主要讲述了一个健康的胃的组成是有很多不同的因素，其中最重要的因素是社会关系，文章分析了社交关系对我们的胃的影响，因此社交因素影响了我们的健康。B.Hw Des Scia1 Life Affect Our Health? (社交生活如何影响我们的健康? )最适合做文章标题，故选B。
D
Hardly a day ges by withut a cmpany telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising hw much it cntributes t the envirnment n ur behalf. Flwers grw ut f pwer-statin chimneys; SUVs are presented in natural habitats; il cmpanies use sunny, friendly lgs and prmise cleaner technlgies- althugh, in fact, they fail t make enugh investment in renewable r alternative energy surces. Statistics are made up, and the tiniest eclgical imprvements are verstated in multi-millin-dllar advertising campaigns, while in the meantime the greedy side f the business cntinues.
This is knwn as greenwashing, which means “making things that are nt green lk green”. The phenmenn has lng existed since the first Earth Day in 1970, when cmpanies spent $300 millin advertising themselves as green cmpanies—many times mre than the mney they actually spent n research int pllutin reductin itself. And the trend cntinued ver the fllwing decades when sme f the planet’s wrst plluters tried t pass themselves ff as ec-friendly. As the public’s envirnmental awareness grew, s t did the experience f crprate public relatins strategies, and advertisers fund ever- mre-creative ways t use a green curtain t hide dark mtives.
Of curse, sme businesses are genuinely cmmitted t making the wrld a better, greener place. But when a cmpany spends mre time and mney claiming t be “green” than actually adpting business practices that minimize envirnmental impact, it is clear that, fr them, envirnmentalism is little mre than a cnvenient slgan(口号). Their message is “buy ur prducts and yu will end glbal warming, imprve air quality and save the ceans”. At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact t its limits; at wrst, it helps cnceal deceptin.
And what abut tday s cnsumers? Few f them are truly well-equipped t make infrmed decisins abut what is true. Greenwashing is nly pssible because cnsumers ften believe what they are being tld-why else wuld cmpanies d it? Mre infrmatin and greater awareness are essential. Analysing the tricks used by advertisers shuld be part f every schl curriculum. Nn- gvernmental rganisatins can spread the wrd. Cnsumer grups can punish the greenwashing cmpanies. But it is nt enugh. Legally enfrceable systems must be put in place.
S what is already being dne abut planned attempts t pull the wl ver cnsumers’ eyes? In the United States, the Federal Trade Cmmissin is taking actin against misleading advertising claims. France has published Green Claims Guidance, stressing that “an advertisement must avid cnveying a message cntrary t the accepted principles f sustainable develpment”. All f these surely are the heart f the matter: the true impact f advertising is the prmtin f unsustainable lifestyles. And therein lies the real danger t ur planet, a danger which cannt be ignred any lnger.
31．What can we learn abut greenwashing?
A．It is an eclgical cncept.
B．It is a marketing technique.
C．It is an awareness campaign.
D．It is an advertising innvatin.
32．What des the underlined phrase “cnceal deceptin” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Hide the truth.B．Raise the risk.
C．Expse the weakness.D．Break the limit.
33．What can be inferred abut mst cnsumers?
A．They are lacking in legal knwledge.
B．They have encuraged greenwashing.
C．They may questin cnsumer grups.
D．They tend t make sensible decisins.
34．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．Actins t fight false advertising.
B．Ways t prtect custmers’ interest.
C．Attempts t slve envirnmental prblems.
D．Prpsals t ensure sustainable develpment.
【答案】31．B 32．A 33．B 34．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了现在社会中不光有企业致力于让世界变得更美好、更环保，也有一些公司夸大效果、编造数据，试图用环保理念掩盖其黑暗的动机。
31．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Hardly a day ges by withut a cmpany telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising hw much it cntributes t the envirnment n ur behalf. Flwers grw ut f pwer-statin chimneys; SUVs are presented in natural habitats; il cmpanies use sunny, friendly lgs and prmise cleaner technlgies- althugh, in fact, they fail t make enugh investment in renewable r alternative energy surces.(几乎每天都有公司在精心制作的广告中告诉我们，他们为我们的环境做出了多大的贡献。发电厂的烟囱里会长出花朵；SUV出现在自然栖息地；石油公司使用阳光、友好的标志，并承诺使用更清洁的技术——尽管事实上，他们没有在可再生能源或替代能源上投入足够的资金。)”中，作者举例说明现状，即很多高污染公司会利用广告试图向外界表达自己绿色、环保的生产经营理念，而实际上却并没有真正做到环保。由此可以推测出，所以对于这些公司来说，假装自己环保只是一种打广告的营销手段。故选B项。
32．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact t its limits; at wrst, it helps cnceal deceptin.(充其量，这种“洗绿”将事实推到了极限；在最坏的情况下，它有助于掩盖欺骗。)”，分析句子成分可知，it指的是上文提到的greenwashing这个现象；上文“Their message is “buy ur prducts and yu will end glbal warming, imprve air quality and save the ceans”.(他们传递的信息是“购买我们的产品，你就能结束全球变暖，改善空气质量，拯救海洋”。)”中，作者再次举例说明一些公司“声称”自己是环保企业，宣传虚假信息，欺骗消费者，而购买这些产品并不能结束全球变暖、改善空气质量，这些企业只不过是想利益最大化，吸引更多的顾客以谋取更多的利益；所以“洗绿”这件事情能够帮助这些企业隐藏他们的真实想法，即隐瞒真相。故选A项。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句“Few f them are truly well-equipped t make infrmed decisins abut what is true.(他们中很少有人能真正有准备地对真相做出明智的判断和决定。)”可知，他们很少有人做出明智的判断，是否具有法知识无法推断。故D选项：They tend t make sensible decisins.(他们倾向于做出明智的决定。)错误；A选项：They are lacking in legal knwledge.（他们缺乏法律知识。）错误。根据“Cnsumer grups can punish the greenwashing cmpanies.（消费者团体可以惩罚环保公司。）可知，消费者团体是支持真正的环保的。文中无法推断出大部分消费者质疑消费者团体”故C选项错误。根据“Greenwashing is nly pssible because cnsumers ften believe what they are being tld-why else wuld cmpanies d it?（漂绿之所以成为可能，是因为消费者经常相信别人告诉他们的，否则公司为什么会这样做？）”可知，消费者相信广告公司的漂绿行为，助长了公司的虚假环保的行为。故B选项：They have encuraged greenwashing.（他们已经鼓励了漂绿行为）正确。故选B。
34．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“All f these surely are the heart f the matter: the true impact f advertising is the prmtin f unsustainable lifestyles. And therein lies the real danger t ur planet, a danger which cannt be ignred any lnger.(所有这些肯定都是问题的核心：广告的真正影响是推广不可持续的生活方式。这就是我们星球面临的真正危险，一种不能再被忽视的危险。)”可知，本段讲的是虚假广告会引发民众不可持续的生活方式和地球的不可持续发展，所以为了解决这一核心问题，需要采取行动打击虚假广告。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
An aplgy can achieve great things fr bth the givers and the receivers althugh nbdy likes t admit that they were wrng.
An aplgy is crucial t ur physical health. When we acknwledge that we are wrngders and express ur guilt t thers, we will free urselves frm the uncmfrtable state. This act feels like a weight n us has been lifted. 35 Research shwed that heart rate, sweat levels and facial tensin decreased in victims f wrngs even when they simply imagined receiving an aplgy.
Aplgizing affects us nt just physically, but als mentally. 36 When presented with an aplgy, the victims may view us as imperfect human beings and find it easier t give frgiveness. In a pwerful piece in Psychlgy Tday, writer Beverly Engel described hw a simple “I’m srry” frm her mther, after being estranged frm each ther fr three years, made her relieved emtinally. But let’s be real, aplgizing can be difficult.
37 We shuld recgnize ur actin did hurt smene even if ur intentin may nt have been s. Instead f making excuses fr what we did, try t bear respnsibility and ffer a prmise t take actin s that we will nt repeat the behavir in future. 38
Of curse, the mst effective aplgies ften bring a cst t ur dignity, since we have t admit that we are wrng in frnt f thers r many peple. 39 As is knwn, it is ne f the mst psitive actins we can take when we d smething wrng—fr urselves, the thers, and the relatinship. S, g ahead, aplgize a little mre ften fr the things wrth aplgizing fr.
A．There are agreed-upn ways t express ur aplgy t thers.
B．It’s a way f shwing the price we paid fr the wrnged actin.
C．A gd aplgy affects the health f thse n the receiving end, t.
D．But this can ften be minr cmpared t the benefits f a prper aplgy.
E．This means we shuld take the blame and nt try t justify it r explain it away.
F．Aplgize fr what yu did rather than what ther peple might have thught abut it.
G．It has the ability t disarm thers f their anger and t prevent further misunderstandings.
【答案】35．C 36．G 37．A 38．E 39．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了道歉对我们的好处。
35．根据上文“When we acknwledge that we are wrngders and express ur guilt t thers, we will free urselves frm the uncmfrtable state. This act feels like a weight n us has been lifted.(当我们承认自己是做错事的人，并向别人表达我们的内疚时，我们就会从不舒服的状态中解脱出来。这一举动让我们感觉卸下了负担)”和下文“Research shwed that heart rate, sweat levels and facial tensin decreased in victims f wrngs even when they simply imagined receiving an aplgy.(研究表明，即使只是想象得到道歉，被伤害者的心率、排汗量和面部紧张程度也会降低)”可知，道歉不仅让做错事的一方感觉卸下负担，也对收到道歉的人有好处。故C项“A gd aplgy affects the health f thse n the receiving end, t.(一个好的道歉也会影响收到道歉的人的健康)”符合题意。故选C。
36．根据主旨句“Aplgizing affects us nt just physically, but als mentally.(道歉不仅会影响我们的身体，还会影响我们的精神)”推知，空处应陈述道歉在精神方面给人们带来的好处。G项“It has the ability t disarm thers f their anger and t prevent further misunderstandings.(它有能力消除别人的愤怒，防止进一步的误解)”符合题意，anger属于精神范畴。故选G。
37．空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“We shuld recgnize ur actin did hurt smene even if ur intentin may nt have been s. Instead f making excuses fr what we did, try t bear respnsibility and ffer a prmise t take actin s that we will nt repeat the behavir in future. (我们应该认识到我们的行为确实伤害了某人，即使我们的意图可能并非如此。与其为我们所做的事找借口，不如试着承担责任，承诺采取行动，这样我们以后就不会再犯同样的行为了)”可知，认识到自己确实伤害某人，与其找借口不如主动承担责任，承诺以后绝不再犯。结合常识可知，上述道歉的方法是大家公认的方法。故A项“There are agreed-upn ways t express ur aplgy t thers.(我们向他人表达歉意的方式已经达成一致)”符合题意，下文具体陈述这些一致的方法是什么。故选A。
38．空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Instead f making excuses fr what we did, try t bear respnsibility and ffer a prmise t take actin s that we will nt repeat the behavir in future.(与其为我们所做的事找借口，不如试着承担责任，承诺采取行动，这样我们以后就不会再犯同样的行为了)”可知，这样做意味着我们应该承担责任，不再辩解。E项“This means we shuld take the blame and nt try t justify it r explain it away.(这意味着我们应该承担责任，而不是试图为其辩护或解释)”符合题意，是对上文的进一步解释。故选E。
39．根据上文“Of curse, the mst effective aplgies ften bring a cst t ur dignity, since we have t admit that we are wrng in frnt f thers r many peple.(当然，最有效的道歉往往会给我们的尊严带来代价，因为我们不得不在别人或很多人面前承认自己错了)”可知，最有效的道歉方式往往有失尊严。根据下文“As is knwn, it is ne f the mst psitive actins we can take when we d smething wrng—fr urselves, the thers, and the relatinship. S, g ahead, aplgize a little mre ften fr the things wrth aplgizing fr.(众所周知，当我们为自己、他人和关系做错事时，这是我们可以采取的最积极的行动之一)”可知，做错了事，就应该道歉，这是可以采取的最积极的行动之一。由此可知，和道歉带来的好处相比，尊严受到一点伤害是可以接受的。D项“But this can ften be minr cmpared t the benefits f a prper aplgy.(但与一个恰当的道歉所带来的好处相比，这往往是微不足道的)”符合题意。故选D。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Befre ending upn a supermarket shelf, an avcad(牛油果) has prduced 1.3 kilgrams f carbn int the atmsphere. Its prductin alne cnsumes 60 gallns f water. Despite this, the fruit will ften be thrwn away as husehld waste.
Husehld fd waste is the result f mismanagement. Much f the waste is avidable and the fd may have been eaten had it been better managed. T reduce husehld fd waste, a grwing number f fd retailers decide t remve date labelling(标签), such as the “use-by” r “best-befre” date, frm sme fresh fd items.
Past studies have cnfirmed the imprtance f date labelling. Almst 60% f western Eurpean cnsumers surveyed said they “always” check date labels while purchasing. But date labelling has lng cme under criticism because failure t truly understand date labelling ften leads t unreasnable decisin making. Indeed, cnsumers cmmnly dn’t accept edible(可食用的), but date-expired(过期的) fd.
The remval f date labelling is therefre a prmising start. Withut date labels, infrmatin that may affect cnsumers’ understanding f what is edible, is remved. Instead, cnsumers are encuraged t sense-check fresh fd items.
In the case f an avcad, the advice given t cnsumers is that when ripe, it shuld have a “pleasant and slightly sweet arma(气味)”, while the skin shuld be “dark green r brwn”. Infrmatin is als prvided n hw an avcad shuld lk, taste, and feel when “verripe”. It is hped that a better infrmed cnsumer will be less likely t blindly thrw away fd due t an expiratin date.
40．What d fd retailers decide t d t reduce husehld fd waste?
41．Why has date labelling lng been criticized?
42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
If cnsumers can be better infrmed, they will nt accept edible, but date-expired fd.
43．Once date labels are remved frm sme fresh fd items, what prblem(s) might be caused? (In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】40．Fd retailers decide t remve date labelling.
Because failure t truly understand date labelling ften leads t unreasnable decisin making.
42．If cnsumers can be better infrmed, they will nt accept edible, but date-expired fd.
Because cnsumers are encuraged t sense-check fresh fd items, and the infrmatin is als prvided n hw the fd shuld lk, taste, and feel when “verripe”. S if cnsumers can be better infrmed, they will be likely t accept edible, but date-expired fd.
43．Remving date labels frm sme fresh fd items can prevent cnsumers frm knwing the edible infrmatin f the fd.Withut date labels, cnsumers are encuraged t sense-check fresh fd items.
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了为了减少家庭食品浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定取消一些新鲜食品的日期标签，例如“使用日期”或“最佳食用日期”。尽管人们在购买食品时，大部分人会查看日期标签，但是日期标签有时候却对人有误导作用而造成浪费。在施行取消标签后，人们可以通过“望闻”的方法判断食物。
40．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段内容“T reduce husehld fd waste, a grwing number f fd retailers decide t remve date labelling, such as the ‘use-by’ r ‘best-befre’ date, frm sme fresh fd items.(为了减少家庭食物浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定从一些新鲜食品上去掉日期标签，比如“截止食用日期”或“最佳食用日期”。)”可知，食品零售商决定去掉一些新鲜食品上的日期标签以减少浪费。故答案为：Fd retailers decide t remve date labelling.
41．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段内容“But date labelling has lng cme under criticism because failure t truly understand date labelling ften leads t unreasnable decisin making.(但日期标签长期以来一直受到批评，因为未能真正理解日期标签往往会导致不合理的决策。)”可知，日期标签长期受到批评是因为日期标签未能得到真正理解而导致不合理的购买决策。故答案为：Because failure t truly understand date labelling ften leads t unreasnable decisin making.
42．考查细节理解。根据文章第五段内容“Infrmatin is als prvided n hw an avcad shuld lk, taste, and feel when “verripe”. It is hped that a better infrmed cnsumer will be less likely t blindly thrw away fd due t an expiratin date. (还提供了牛油果“过熟”时的外观、味道和感觉的信息。人们希望，一个更了解情况的消费者不太可能因为过期而盲目扔掉食物。)”可知，“If cnsumers can be better infrmed, they will nt accept edible, but date-expired fd.(如果消费者能更明智，他们不会接受可食用的，但过期的食品。)”中“they will nt accept edible, but date-expired fd”是错误的，如果消费者对食物信息更了解一些，那么就有可能接受可食用但过期的食品。故答案为：If cnsumers can be better infrmed, they will nt accept edible, but date-expired fd. Because cnsumers are encuraged t sense-check fresh fd items, and the infrmatin is als prvided n hw the fd shuld lk, taste, and feel when “verripe”. S if cnsumers can be better infrmed, they will be likely t accept edible, but date-expired fd.
43．本题为开放性试题，要求考生结合文章根据自己的见解进行作答，言之有理即可。供参考：根据文章第四段“Withut date labels, infrmatin that may affect cnsumers' understanding f what is edible, is remved.
（如果没有日期标签，可能会影响消费者了解什么是可食用的的信息被删除。）”可知，没有日期标签，消费者可能无法了解该食品的可食用信息。故答案为Remving date labels frm sme fresh fd items can prevent cnsumers frm knwing the edible infrmatin f the fd.Withut date labels, cnsumers are encuraged t sense-check fresh fd items.
第二节(20分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校正在为高三毕业典礼征集活动方案。你有意参加，并对活动设计形成了一些想法。请你给英国好友Jim写一封邮件询问他的建议。内容包括：
1.介绍设计想法；
2.说明设计理由。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
My schl is cllecting designs fr the graduatin ceremny. I’m writing t share my idea with yu and ask fr yur advice.
First, the ceremny shuld be n weekend, thus allwing all the parents and teachers t be present, making this event livelier. It will kick ff with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, fllwed by a vide featuring thse unfrgettable mments f ur schl life and the presentatin f diplmas. We need t set up a “gratitude wall”, where we can express ur gratitude t ur teachers, friends and parents, withut whse help we culd hardly succeed. During the last sessin, students can pen the flr t talk abut their future, sharing their ambitins with each ther.
S what d yu think f my plan? Lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就高三毕业典礼征集活动方案给英国好友Jim写一封邮件，介绍自己的设计想法，说明设计理由，并询问他的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：advice→ suggestin
鼓舞人心的：inspiring →encuraging
表达：express→cnvey
畅所欲言：pen the flr→speak ut freely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It will kick ff with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, fllwed by a vide featuring thse unfrgettable mments f ur schl life and the presentatin f diplmas.
拓展句：It will kick ff with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, which will be fllwed by a vide featuring thse unfrgettable mments f ur schl life and the presentatin f diplmas.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It will kick ff with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, fllwed by a vide featuring thse unfrgettable mments f ur schl life and the presentatin f diplmas.（运用了过去分词作后置定语、状语，现在分词作后置定语）
【高分句型2】We need t set up a “gratitude wall”, where we can express ur gratitude t ur teachers, friends and parents, withut whse help we culd hardly succeed.（运用了动词不定式作宾语，where和whse引导的非限制性定语从句，含withut的含蓄条件句的虚拟语气）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a bilgist and phtgrapher, I always take my camera everywhere t take pictures f wild animals. One day, I was standing n a bat when a very large female lepard seal(海豹) swam by. I put n my diving equipment and grabbed my 1 . I was frightened because she was s big. My muth was dry, and I culdn’t even 2 . But I knew it was time t 3 this mysterius creature.
I jumped int the freezing water. Immediately, the seal swam twards me. Then she put my entire camera and much f my head int her muth. Thinking this must be a sign f 4 , I decided t stay very calm. Althugh the seal was shwing me her teeth, I tried nt t 5 any fear. She did it a few mre times, and then swam away. T my 6 , she came back with a live penguin. And she even shwed me hw t eat it. Then she pushed the penguin int my camera—she thught the camera was my muth!
Being a bilgist, I understd that she was trying t 7 me. But I thught that she was really trying t cmmunicate with me. At this pint, she didn’t seem very 8 . She stayed by me and tk care f me fr fur days.
I gt many amazing pictures during thse fur days. And, mre imprtantly, I’ve learned that animals d nt always behave the way we 9 . I believe the 10 experience I had with this pwerful and intelligent animal will stay with me frever.
1．A．knifeB．bagC．cameraD．gun
2．A．escapeB．makeC．mveD．fight
3．A．apprachB．adptC．imagineD．rescue
4．A．respectB．sympathyC．rewardD．threat
5．A．cnfirmB．expseC．vercmeD．reduce
6．A．satisfactinB．regretC．surpriseD．srrw
7．A．feedB．cmfrtC．attackD．assess
8．A．reliableB．dangerusC．sensitiveD．ambitius
9．A．admireB．prmiseC．demandD．expect
10．A．cnfusingB．similarC．incredibleD．bitter
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者拍摄海豹的经历及感悟。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我穿上了潜水设备，拿起了照相机。A. knife刀；B. bag包；C. camera照相机；D. gun枪。根据后文的 “Then she put my entire camera and much f my head int her muth.”可知，海豹把我的头和相机放在了他的嘴里，所以我是带着相机潜水的。故选C项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的嘴唇发干，甚至都无法动弹的了。A. escape逃跑；B. make制作；C. mve移动；D. fight斗争。根据前文的“I was frightened”可知，我看见海豹后十分害怕，一动不动地待在那里。故选C项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我知道，这是接近这个神秘生物的好时候。。A. apprach接近；B. adpt采取；C. imagine想象；D. rescue营救。根据后文的“I jumped int the freezing water.”可知，我决定跳入水里，近距离观察海豹，所以此处是接近这个海豹。故选A项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为这一定是威胁的信号，所以决定保持冷静。A. respect尊重；B. sympathy同情；C. reward回报；D. threat威胁；恐吓。根据前文的“Then she put my entire camera and much f my head int her muth.”可知，海豹看到人类后，采取了威胁恐吓人类的做法。故选D项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管海豹向我展示它的牙齿，但我尽力不显露出任何害怕。A. cnfirm确认；B. expse暴露；C. vercme克服；D. reduce减少。根据前文的“I decided t stay very calm.”可知，尽管海豹在威胁我，但我还是尽力保持冷静，不露出害怕的神情。故选B项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：使我惊讶的是，它叼着一只活着的企鹅又回来了。A. satisfactin满足；B. regret后悔；C. surprise惊讶；D. srrw悲伤。根据后文的“she came back with a live penguin.”可知，我没有想到海豹会去而复返，还带着一只企鹅，所以当它叼着一只活着的企鹅又回来了，我很惊讶。故选C项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名生物学家，我理解海豹尝试用企鹅喂我吃。A. feed喂养；B. cmfrt安慰；C. attack攻击；D. assess评估。根据前文的“Then she pushed the penguin int my camera—she thught the camera was my muth!”可知，海豹把照相机当成了我的嘴，把企鹅推到了我的“嘴边”，说明海豹是在喂养我，想让我吃了企鹅。故选A项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，它看上去似乎不那么危险了。A. reliable可靠的；B. dangerus危险的；C. sensitive多愁善感的；D. ambitius野心勃勃的。根据后文“She stayed by me and tk care f me fr fur days.”可知，从那一刻开始，海豹开始信任我，我也不再害怕它了。故选B项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，我得知动物的行为并不总是我们预期的那样。A. admire钦佩；B. prmise承诺；C. demand要求；D. expect预期，期待；认为。根据前文“Then she put my entire camera and much f my head int her muth.”及“Then she pushed the penguin int my camera—she thught the camera was my muth!”可知，海豹的行为前后发生了很大的变化，一开始威胁我，后来信任了我，给我分享食物吃。说明海豹并不是像人们认为的那样可怕危险。故选D项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信与这只强大聪慧的动物在一起的不可思议的体验将伴随我终生。A. cnfusing令人困惑的；B. similar相似的；C. incredible难以置信的；惊人的；不可思议的；D. bitter痛苦的。根据前文“She stayed by me and tk care f me fr fur days.”及“I gt many amazing pictures during thse fur days. ”可知，我与海豹在一起的经历是非常美妙的，不可思议的。故选C项。
第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
A
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Gratitude is mre than just saying “thank yu”. Gratitude is a deeper appreciatin fr smene r smething. Expressing gratitude makes us feel a psitive emtin. Over the past thirty years, there 11 (be) many studies shwing that writing a gratitude letter t anther persn ffers us an pprtunity 12 (escape) frm negative emtins. Even if we dn’t share ur writing with anyne, the act f cmpleting the exercise alne makes us happier and 13 (satisfied) with life. The mre we express gratitude, the mre psitive we feel.
【答案】11．have been 12．t escape 13．mre satisfied
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。研究发现：感恩不仅仅是给人道一声“谢谢”，感恩是对某人或某事的更深层次的欣赏，同时也对我们的健康有好处，尤其是以写感谢信来表达感恩的这个方式，能使我们逃离负面情绪的影响。
11．考查时态。句意：在过去的三十年里，有许多研究表明，给别人写一封感谢信给我们提供了一个逃离负面情绪的机会。根据时间状语Over the past thirty years，句子谓语用现在完成时态，此处为there be结构，主语为many studies，为复数，故助动词用have。故填have been。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的三十年里，有许多研究表明，给别人写一封感谢信给我们提供了一个逃离负面情绪的机会。此处考查名词pprtunity，后接动词不定式作后置定语，故填t escape。
13．考查形容词比较等级。句意：即使我们不与任何人分享我们写的内容，完成练习的行为本身就会让我们更快乐、对生活更满意。设空处与形容词happier并列，也用比较等级，作us的宾补，故填mre satisfied。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Accrding t China Daily, the summer f 2022 became the httest since China’s meterlgical (气象学的) recrds 14 (begin). The weather frecast reprted that the high temperature in sme areas culd reach 40℃, 15 (pssible) breaking recrds. 16 (affect) by the high temperatures, sme areas experienced drught and a decrease in agricultural prductin. Peple and gvernments shuld be prepared t d mre t tackle climate change.
【答案】14．began 15．pssibly 16．Affected
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是据《中国日报》报道，2022年夏天成为中国有气象记录以来最热的夏天。
14．考查时态。句意：据《中国日报》报道，2022年夏天成为中国有气象记录以来最热的夏天。since引导的时间状语从句中时态用一般过去时，因此空格处用过去式began，故填began。
15．考查副词。句意：天气预报说，一些地区的高温可能达到40℃，可能会打破纪录。空格处用副词修饰动词breaking，pssible的副词是pssibly，意为“可能”，故填pssibly。
16．考查非谓语动词。句意：受高温影响，一些地区出现干旱，农业减产。句中谓语是experienced，空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Affected。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Usually, stress is seen as being bad, but this is nt always true. Eustress(积极压力)is the psitive term fr stress. It 17 (relate) t well-being and psitive attitudes. Eustress ccurs when the gap between what ne has and what ne wants is 18 (slight) pushed. Eustress creates a better envirnment fr peple, which 19 (make) them perfrm better and cst less. Therefre, Eustress is necessary 20 achievement.
【答案】17．is related 18．slightly 19．makes 20．fr
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是积极压力的重要性。
17．考查动词。句意：它与幸福和积极的态度有关。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。句中be related t为固定短语，意为“与……有关”。故填is related。
18．考查副词。句意：当一个人所拥有的和想要的之间的差距被略微拉大时，就会出现“良性压力”。分析句子，设空处使用slight的副词slightly作状语，意为“稍微地”。故填slightly。
19．考查动词。句意：良性压力为人们创造了一个更好的环境，使他们表现得更好，成本更低。分析句子，设空处使用动词作which引导定语从句的谓语动词，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。which指代前文的envirnment，为单数。故填makes。
20．考查介词。句意：因此，积极压力对于取得成就是必要的。句中be necessary fr为固定短语，意为“对……是有必要的”。故填fr。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
One f the best ways t imprve ur cmmunities is thrugh vlunteer wrk. Accrding t a reprt frm United Natins Vlunteers, it is estimated that 140 millin peple vlunteer in every natin and in a variety f settings. Frbes reprts that research has shwn that vlunteering can greatly benefit vlunteers. These benefits include an increased sense f prductivity, the develpment f new skills, resume-building experience, imprved physical health, and the emtinal rewards that cme with thers appreciating yu and yur effrts. Here are sme types fr yu t jin in lcal cmmunities.
Sprts vlunteering
Yu dn’t need t be gd at the sprt in which yu wish t vlunteer. Sme f the mst imprtant characteristics include enthusiasm and interest. Yur sprts rganisatin shuld put yu thrugh any qualificatins that yu need t carry ut yur rle. Mst peple vlunteer n average tw r three hurs a week, but there are als pprtunities t vlunteer mre r less ften.
Supprt the Red Crss
Red Crss is an rganizatin that helps with disaster relief, bld dnatins, and mre. Being a Red Crss vlunteer prvides experience in the medical field and allws yu t help thse in need. The Red Crss respnds t disasters natinwide and helps cmmunities recver. It may be difficult t see damaged cmmunities, but yu culd have a part in assisting them t recver. In additin, yu may meet new friends alng the way.
Organize a Summer Reading Prgram
Summer reading prgrams are ne way t keep children’s reading skills active and their mind fresh during the whle summer vacatin. Organizing a summer reading prgram is an excellent way t get kids t read a bk, braden their vcabulary, and learn smething new. Yu can share yur favrite bks, ffer prizes t children wh meet their gals, and turn the prgram int a friendly cmpetitin, all while teaching children the imprtance f reading.
21．What requirements d yu need t meet if yu want t vlunteer fr sprts?
A．Be fnd f sprts.B．Fllw the fixed schedule.
C．Have past the qualificatin tests.D．Be gd at varius kinds f sprts.
22．The summer reading prgram can help kids t .
A．share their favrite bks
B．rganize bk reading cmpetitins
C．review what they have learned in schl
D．enrich their reading experience in summer
23．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T help manage the lcal cmmunity.
B．T intrduce the cmmunities in need.
C．T intrduce different vlunteer prgrams.
D．T shw the benefits f ding vlunteer wrk.
【答案】21．A 22．D 23．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章向读者推荐了在当地社区中几个适合加入的志愿者活动类型。
21．细节理解题。根据“Sprts vlunteering”部分中“Yu dn’t need t be gd at the sprt in which yu wish t vlunteer. Sme f the mst imprtant characteristics include enthusiasm and interest. (你不需要擅长你想做志愿者的运动。一些最重要的特征包括热情和兴趣。)”可知，如果你想成为体育志愿者，一些最重要的特征包括对运动充满热情和兴趣。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据Organize a Summer Reading Prgram部分中“Organizing a summer reading prgram is an excellent way t get kids t read a bk, braden their vcabulary, and learn smething new.(组织一个暑期阅读项目是让孩子们读书、扩大词汇量、学习新东西的好方法。)”可知，组织一个暑期阅读项目能够丰富他们的夏季阅读体验。故选D。
23．推理判断题。通读全文，向读者推荐了在当地社区中几个适合加入的志愿者活动类型。文章的目的是介绍不同的志愿者项目。故选C。
B
Influenced by her family, Xu started t learn the craft f making Chinese knts at hme, but didn’t expect the pastime t change her life at first. Xu became a city-level inheritr f this prvincial-level intangible cultural heritage in 2009, and has been devted t develping the craft since then.
As a fan f phtgraphy, she ften tk phts f dragnflies, butterflies and flwers arund a lake nt far frm her hme, then she made knts resembling them, and psted the phts n a website. That attracted the attentin f sme peple.
As an advertising design majr, she makes innvated knts based n her knwledge f design, and can use varius threads t make small, exquisite designs. She has created many series f wrks based n traditinal Chinese culture, such as festivals, tea and Peking Opera characters.
“Shwing Chinese culture thrugh traditinal Chinese crafts—that is the riginal aspiratin fr me as an inheritr f the intangible cultural heritage,” says Xu. She has made mre than 3,000 designs, and even pened tw ffline branch stres. Her prducts include decratins f different sizes that can be put n walls, car rnaments, cellphne chains and jewelry. “I believe ur intangible cultural heritage can be better develped and passed dwn when it meets peple’s needs in daily life,” says Xu.
Chen, an nline fllwer, has been teaching hw t make knts in the United Arab Emirates. “Influenced by Xu’s wrk, I learn the craft t cultivate my temperament, and I als teach children t better understand Chinese culture,” says Chen. “Chinese culture is ppular in the UAE, and I ften make sme knts with Chinese elements fr lcal peple as gifts.”
Xu has als been generus in helping thers. She taught this art t wrkers wh lst their jbs in her hmetwn, allwing them t master a skill frm which they culd earn an incme. Students and peple with disabilities were als beneficiaries. Indeed, mre than 20 peple with disabilities nw actually wrk fr her.
Despite the success f her career, Xu says wrking n the craft has benefited her mre in a spiritual way. “Tying knts requires cncentratin, and yu must nt be distracted during the prcess. It has trained me t deal with matters in a calm, peaceful and ratinal way,” says Xu. “I believe the life f ne persn is shrt, and yu have the right t decide hw t spend it.”
24．With the knwledge f design, Xu can ________.
A．pst plenty f attractive phts n the website
B．draw the Peking Opera characters mre vividly
C．make many creative knts related t Chinese culture
D．take many prfessinal phts f animals and flwers
25．What can we learn abut Xu?
A．She plans t pen mre ffline branch stres abrad.
B．She designs prducts with a fcus n peple’s everyday needs.
C．She is well-knwn fr teaching hw t make knts in the UAE.
D．She wants t help disabled students imprve their cncentratin.
26．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Xu?
A．Hnest and easy-ging.B．Mdest and strng-willed.
C．Humrus and hard-wrking.D．Innvative and kind-hearted.
27．Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．Traditinal Chinese Crafts G Glbal
B．Chinese Knt-making, a Skill Nt t be Ignred
C．Traditinal Chinese Culture Becmes Fashinable
D．Chinese Knt-making, a Chance fr the Unemplyed
【答案】24．C 25．B 26．D 27．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了从小受家庭影响的徐，在家制作中国结，并根据自己拍摄的照片编制中国结获得大众喜爱，同时利用自己的广告设计专业优势进行创新，弘扬中国传统文化，成为非物质文化遗产继承人，帮助同乡的故事。
24．细节理解题。由文章第三段“As an advertising design majr, she makes innvated knts based n her knwledge f design, and can use varius threads t make small, exquisite designs. She has created many series f wrks based n traditinal Chinese culture, such as festivals, tea and Peking Opera characters.”（作为一名广告设计专业的学生，她根据自己的设计知识，制作了创新的结，并能利用各种线制作出精美的小图案。她创作了许多基于中国传统文化的作品，如节日、茶和京剧人物。）可知，徐利用设计知识可以制作和中国传统文化相关的创意中国结。故选C项。
25．细节理解题。由文章第四段后两句“Her prducts include decratins f different sizes that can be put n walls, car rnaments, cellphne chains and jewelry. “I believe ur intangible cultural heritage can be better develped and passed dwn when it meets peple’s needs in daily life,” says Xu.”（她的产品包括可以挂在墙上的不同大小的装饰品、汽车装饰品、手机链和珠宝。他说：“我相信，非物质文化遗产在满足人们日常生活需要的时候，才能得到更好的发展和传承。”）可知，她设计产品的重点是人们的日常需求。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。由文章第三段最后一句“She has created many series f wrks based n traditinal Chinese culture, such as festivals, tea and Peking Opera characters.”（她创作了许多基于中国传统文化的作品，如节日、茶和京剧人物。）可知，徐是一个有创造力的人。由文章倒数第二段的首句“Xu has als been generus in helping thers.”（徐一直慷慨地帮助他人。）可知，徐是一位热心的人。故选D项。
27．主旨大意题。文章讲述徐先生因为中国结去的事业上的成就，，中国结在阿联酋得到欢迎，以及徐先生教授一些弱势群体通过中国结过得收入。可以推知本篇文章主要突显中国结这项技艺十分重要，应该得以继续传承。结合选项。B选项：中国结制作，一项不容忽视的技能。符合文章的总结概括。故选B。
C
There are hundreds f bacterial(细菌的)species in ur stmach. Bacterial diversity is a gd thing, a general cntributr t and marker f gd health. But what des a healthy stmach lk like? Studies indicate that the cmpsitin varies by many factrs.
One f the mst imprtant, it turns ut, is wh yu currently live with. Researchers have cme t the cnclusin: Diet and heritability(遗传力) are knwn t affect the micrbime(微生物组), but scial relatinships shape it mst—especially when it cmes t marriage. The Dutch Prject, which studied micrbes in 8, 208 individuals belnging t three generatins, finds that the heritability f micrbes is nly 1. 9 percent. They nticed much greater similarity amng the unrelated individuals sharing a husehld than amng relatives wh d nt share husehlds, including twins whse living situatins differ in adulthd.
The researchers fund that nearly 50 percent f micrbial types were significantly affected by chabitatin. In general, the micrbimes f all types f chabitrs (including parents and children) were mre similar than thse f participants living separately n matter their relatedness. Married cuples wh reprt having a clse, lving relatinship have the mst similarity. Evidence f micrbial sharing, especially f rare species, shws exchanges thrugh interactins. And that puts highlight n acts f clse relatinship—including kissing. Scientists have knwn fr decades that scial relatinships, especially marriage, pwerfully affect health. Nt nly are the micrbimes f chabiting cuples mre similar t each ther; they als are mre similarly diverse. There is a greater richness f species than in unmarried, nnchabiting individuals.
Despite the dminating influence f a clse, chabiting relatinship, the micrbime can be different in diet, especially ne rich in plant fiber. It can als be influenced by behavir, such as farming and gardening and exercise. Mrever, it’s adaptable t envirnment—green space and pllutants arund yu. Living in a rural envirnment brings increases in bacteria linked t health, and decreases in bacteria that are harmful. Living with pets als has a psitive effect n the micrbime, while expsure t air pllutin, especially car exhaust, and passive expsure t cigarette smke have negative effects.
It can als be affected by direct additin f specific species f bacteria, delivered in cnsumable prbitics(口服益生菌). There are prbitics nw marketed fr digestive health, thers aimed at immune health, and still thers fr bsting md. Nw that it’s clear that scial relatins play the largest rle in the makeup f the micrbime, can prbitics fr singles be far behind?
28．Which grup has the mst similar micrbimes?
A．Husband and wife.B．Adult twins.
C．Grandfather and grandsn.D．Clleagues.
29．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．Diet has a dminating influence n micrbimes.
B．Chabitatin is helpful fr us t have a balanced diet.
C．Scial relatins play a similar rle as sme prbitics.
D．The micrbimes in cuples are less diverse than singles.
30．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Wh Are the Healthiest Peple?B．Hw Des Scial Life Affect Our Health?
C．What Will a Healthy Stmach Lk Like?D．Hw D Micrbimes Wrk in Our Bdy?
【答案】28．A 29．C 30．B
【导语】文章是一篇说明文，介绍了一个健康的胃的组成有很多不同的因素。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers have cme t the cnclusin: Diet and heritability(遗传力) are knwn t affect the micrbime(微生物组), but scial relatinships shape it mst—especially when it cmes t marriage. ”（研究人员得出结论：饮食遗传力已知会影响微生物群，但社会关系影响最大，尤其是婚姻关系。）以及“They nticed much greater similarity amng the unrelated individuals sharing a husehld than amng relatives wh d nt share husehlds, including twins whse living situatins differ in adulthd.”（他们注意到，同住一个家庭的无血缘关系的个体之间的相似性比不同住一个家庭之间的无血缘关系的亲属之间的相似性要大得多）可知，丈夫和妻子的关系会具有相似的微生物群。故选A项。
29．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nw that it’s clear that scial relatins play the largest rle in the makeup f the micrbime, can prbitics fr singles be far behind?”（既然社会关系在微生物的构成中起着重大的作用，那么单身者们的益生菌还会远吗？）可知，社会关系和一些益生菌都在微生物的构成中起着重要作用，由此可推知，社会关系和一些益生菌有着相似的作用。故选C。
30．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段的“One f the mst imprtant, it turns ut, is wh yu currently live with (事实证明，最重要的一个因素是你现在和谁住在一起) ”和第三段“The researchers fund that nearly 50 percent f micrbial types were significantly affected by chabitatin (研究人员发现，近50%的微生物种类受到同居的显著影响)”以及最后一段的“Nw that it’s clear that scial relatins play the largest rle in the makeup f the micrbime, can prbitics fr singles be far behind?(既然社会关系在微生物群的组成中起着最大的作用，那么为单身人士提供益生菌还会远吗?)”可知本文主要讲述了一个健康的胃的组成是有很多不同的因素，其中最重要的因素是社会关系，文章分析了社交关系对我们的胃的影响，因此社交因素影响了我们的健康。B.Hw Des Scia1 Life Affect Our Health? (社交生活如何影响我们的健康? )最适合做文章标题，故选B。
D
Hardly a day ges by withut a cmpany telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising hw much it cntributes t the envirnment n ur behalf. Flwers grw ut f pwer-statin chimneys; SUVs are presented in natural habitats; il cmpanies use sunny, friendly lgs and prmise cleaner technlgies- althugh, in fact, they fail t make enugh investment in renewable r alternative energy surces. Statistics are made up, and the tiniest eclgical imprvements are verstated in multi-millin-dllar advertising campaigns, while in the meantime the greedy side f the business cntinues.
This is knwn as greenwashing, which means “making things that are nt green lk green”. The phenmenn has lng existed since the first Earth Day in 1970, when cmpanies spent $300 millin advertising themselves as green cmpanies—many times mre than the mney they actually spent n research int pllutin reductin itself. And the trend cntinued ver the fllwing decades when sme f the planet’s wrst plluters tried t pass themselves ff as ec-friendly. As the public’s envirnmental awareness grew, s t did the experience f crprate public relatins strategies, and advertisers fund ever- mre-creative ways t use a green curtain t hide dark mtives.
Of curse, sme businesses are genuinely cmmitted t making the wrld a better, greener place. But when a cmpany spends mre time and mney claiming t be “green” than actually adpting business practices that minimize envirnmental impact, it is clear that, fr them, envirnmentalism is little mre than a cnvenient slgan(口号). Their message is “buy ur prducts and yu will end glbal warming, imprve air quality and save the ceans”. At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact t its limits; at wrst, it helps cnceal deceptin.
And what abut tday s cnsumers? Few f them are truly well-equipped t make infrmed decisins abut what is true. Greenwashing is nly pssible because cnsumers ften believe what they are being tld-why else wuld cmpanies d it? Mre infrmatin and greater awareness are essential. Analysing the tricks used by advertisers shuld be part f every schl curriculum. Nn- gvernmental rganisatins can spread the wrd. Cnsumer grups can punish the greenwashing cmpanies. But it is nt enugh. Legally enfrceable systems must be put in place.
S what is already being dne abut planned attempts t pull the wl ver cnsumers’ eyes? In the United States, the Federal Trade Cmmissin is taking actin against misleading advertising claims. France has published Green Claims Guidance, stressing that “an advertisement must avid cnveying a message cntrary t the accepted principles f sustainable develpment”. All f these surely are the heart f the matter: the true impact f advertising is the prmtin f unsustainable lifestyles. And therein lies the real danger t ur planet, a danger which cannt be ignred any lnger.
31．What can we learn abut greenwashing?
A．It is an eclgical cncept.
B．It is a marketing technique.
C．It is an awareness campaign.
D．It is an advertising innvatin.
32．What des the underlined phrase “cnceal deceptin” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Hide the truth.B．Raise the risk.
C．Expse the weakness.D．Break the limit.
33．What can be inferred abut mst cnsumers?
A．They are lacking in legal knwledge.
B．They have encuraged greenwashing.
C．They may questin cnsumer grups.
D．They tend t make sensible decisins.
34．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．Actins t fight false advertising.
B．Ways t prtect custmers’ interest.
C．Attempts t slve envirnmental prblems.
D．Prpsals t ensure sustainable develpment.
【答案】31．B 32．A 33．B 34．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了现在社会中不光有企业致力于让世界变得更美好、更环保，也有一些公司夸大效果、编造数据，试图用环保理念掩盖其黑暗的动机。
31．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Hardly a day ges by withut a cmpany telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising hw much it cntributes t the envirnment n ur behalf. Flwers grw ut f pwer-statin chimneys; SUVs are presented in natural habitats; il cmpanies use sunny, friendly lgs and prmise cleaner technlgies- althugh, in fact, they fail t make enugh investment in renewable r alternative energy surces.(几乎每天都有公司在精心制作的广告中告诉我们，他们为我们的环境做出了多大的贡献。发电厂的烟囱里会长出花朵；SUV出现在自然栖息地；石油公司使用阳光、友好的标志，并承诺使用更清洁的技术——尽管事实上，他们没有在可再生能源或替代能源上投入足够的资金。)”中，作者举例说明现状，即很多高污染公司会利用广告试图向外界表达自己绿色、环保的生产经营理念，而实际上却并没有真正做到环保。由此可以推测出，所以对于这些公司来说，假装自己环保只是一种打广告的营销手段。故选B项。
32．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact t its limits; at wrst, it helps cnceal deceptin.(充其量，这种“洗绿”将事实推到了极限；在最坏的情况下，它有助于掩盖欺骗。)”，分析句子成分可知，it指的是上文提到的greenwashing这个现象；上文“Their message is “buy ur prducts and yu will end glbal warming, imprve air quality and save the ceans”.(他们传递的信息是“购买我们的产品，你就能结束全球变暖，改善空气质量，拯救海洋”。)”中，作者再次举例说明一些公司“声称”自己是环保企业，宣传虚假信息，欺骗消费者，而购买这些产品并不能结束全球变暖、改善空气质量，这些企业只不过是想利益最大化，吸引更多的顾客以谋取更多的利益；所以“洗绿”这件事情能够帮助这些企业隐藏他们的真实想法，即隐瞒真相。故选A项。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句“Few f them are truly well-equipped t make infrmed decisins abut what is true.(他们中很少有人能真正有准备地对真相做出明智的判断和决定。)”可知，他们很少有人做出明智的判断，是否具有法知识无法推断。故D选项：They tend t make sensible decisins.(他们倾向于做出明智的决定。)错误；A选项：They are lacking in legal knwledge.（他们缺乏法律知识。）错误。根据“Cnsumer grups can punish the greenwashing cmpanies.（消费者团体可以惩罚环保公司。）可知，消费者团体是支持真正的环保的。文中无法推断出大部分消费者质疑消费者团体”故C选项错误。根据“Greenwashing is nly pssible because cnsumers ften believe what they are being tld-why else wuld cmpanies d it?（漂绿之所以成为可能，是因为消费者经常相信别人告诉他们的，否则公司为什么会这样做？）”可知，消费者相信广告公司的漂绿行为，助长了公司的虚假环保的行为。故B选项：They have encuraged greenwashing.（他们已经鼓励了漂绿行为）正确。故选B。
34．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“All f these surely are the heart f the matter: the true impact f advertising is the prmtin f unsustainable lifestyles. And therein lies the real danger t ur planet, a danger which cannt be ignred any lnger.(所有这些肯定都是问题的核心：广告的真正影响是推广不可持续的生活方式。这就是我们星球面临的真正危险，一种不能再被忽视的危险。)”可知，本段讲的是虚假广告会引发民众不可持续的生活方式和地球的不可持续发展，所以为了解决这一核心问题，需要采取行动打击虚假广告。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
An aplgy can achieve great things fr bth the givers and the receivers althugh nbdy likes t admit that they were wrng.
An aplgy is crucial t ur physical health. When we acknwledge that we are wrngders and express ur guilt t thers, we will free urselves frm the uncmfrtable state. This act feels like a weight n us has been lifted. 35 Research shwed that heart rate, sweat levels and facial tensin decreased in victims f wrngs even when they simply imagined receiving an aplgy.
Aplgizing affects us nt just physically, but als mentally. 36 When presented with an aplgy, the victims may view us as imperfect human beings and find it easier t give frgiveness. In a pwerful piece in Psychlgy Tday, writer Beverly Engel described hw a simple “I’m srry” frm her mther, after being estranged frm each ther fr three years, made her relieved emtinally. But let’s be real, aplgizing can be difficult.
37 We shuld recgnize ur actin did hurt smene even if ur intentin may nt have been s. Instead f making excuses fr what we did, try t bear respnsibility and ffer a prmise t take actin s that we will nt repeat the behavir in future. 38
Of curse, the mst effective aplgies ften bring a cst t ur dignity, since we have t admit that we are wrng in frnt f thers r many peple. 39 As is knwn, it is ne f the mst psitive actins we can take when we d smething wrng—fr urselves, the thers, and the relatinship. S, g ahead, aplgize a little mre ften fr the things wrth aplgizing fr.
A．There are agreed-upn ways t express ur aplgy t thers.
B．It’s a way f shwing the price we paid fr the wrnged actin.
C．A gd aplgy affects the health f thse n the receiving end, t.
D．But this can ften be minr cmpared t the benefits f a prper aplgy.
E．This means we shuld take the blame and nt try t justify it r explain it away.
F．Aplgize fr what yu did rather than what ther peple might have thught abut it.
G．It has the ability t disarm thers f their anger and t prevent further misunderstandings.
【答案】35．C 36．G 37．A 38．E 39．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了道歉对我们的好处。
35．根据上文“When we acknwledge that we are wrngders and express ur guilt t thers, we will free urselves frm the uncmfrtable state. This act feels like a weight n us has been lifted.(当我们承认自己是做错事的人，并向别人表达我们的内疚时，我们就会从不舒服的状态中解脱出来。这一举动让我们感觉卸下了负担)”和下文“Research shwed that heart rate, sweat levels and facial tensin decreased in victims f wrngs even when they simply imagined receiving an aplgy.(研究表明，即使只是想象得到道歉，被伤害者的心率、排汗量和面部紧张程度也会降低)”可知，道歉不仅让做错事的一方感觉卸下负担，也对收到道歉的人有好处。故C项“A gd aplgy affects the health f thse n the receiving end, t.(一个好的道歉也会影响收到道歉的人的健康)”符合题意。故选C。
36．根据主旨句“Aplgizing affects us nt just physically, but als mentally.(道歉不仅会影响我们的身体，还会影响我们的精神)”推知，空处应陈述道歉在精神方面给人们带来的好处。G项“It has the ability t disarm thers f their anger and t prevent further misunderstandings.(它有能力消除别人的愤怒，防止进一步的误解)”符合题意，anger属于精神范畴。故选G。
37．空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“We shuld recgnize ur actin did hurt smene even if ur intentin may nt have been s. Instead f making excuses fr what we did, try t bear respnsibility and ffer a prmise t take actin s that we will nt repeat the behavir in future. (我们应该认识到我们的行为确实伤害了某人，即使我们的意图可能并非如此。与其为我们所做的事找借口，不如试着承担责任，承诺采取行动，这样我们以后就不会再犯同样的行为了)”可知，认识到自己确实伤害某人，与其找借口不如主动承担责任，承诺以后绝不再犯。结合常识可知，上述道歉的方法是大家公认的方法。故A项“There are agreed-upn ways t express ur aplgy t thers.(我们向他人表达歉意的方式已经达成一致)”符合题意，下文具体陈述这些一致的方法是什么。故选A。
38．空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Instead f making excuses fr what we did, try t bear respnsibility and ffer a prmise t take actin s that we will nt repeat the behavir in future.(与其为我们所做的事找借口，不如试着承担责任，承诺采取行动，这样我们以后就不会再犯同样的行为了)”可知，这样做意味着我们应该承担责任，不再辩解。E项“This means we shuld take the blame and nt try t justify it r explain it away.(这意味着我们应该承担责任，而不是试图为其辩护或解释)”符合题意，是对上文的进一步解释。故选E。
39．根据上文“Of curse, the mst effective aplgies ften bring a cst t ur dignity, since we have t admit that we are wrng in frnt f thers r many peple.(当然，最有效的道歉往往会给我们的尊严带来代价，因为我们不得不在别人或很多人面前承认自己错了)”可知，最有效的道歉方式往往有失尊严。根据下文“As is knwn, it is ne f the mst psitive actins we can take when we d smething wrng—fr urselves, the thers, and the relatinship. S, g ahead, aplgize a little mre ften fr the things wrth aplgizing fr.(众所周知，当我们为自己、他人和关系做错事时，这是我们可以采取的最积极的行动之一)”可知，做错了事，就应该道歉，这是可以采取的最积极的行动之一。由此可知，和道歉带来的好处相比，尊严受到一点伤害是可以接受的。D项“But this can ften be minr cmpared t the benefits f a prper aplgy.(但与一个恰当的道歉所带来的好处相比，这往往是微不足道的)”符合题意。故选D。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Befre ending upn a supermarket shelf, an avcad(牛油果) has prduced 1.3 kilgrams f carbn int the atmsphere. Its prductin alne cnsumes 60 gallns f water. Despite this, the fruit will ften be thrwn away as husehld waste.
Husehld fd waste is the result f mismanagement. Much f the waste is avidable and the fd may have been eaten had it been better managed. T reduce husehld fd waste, a grwing number f fd retailers decide t remve date labelling(标签), such as the “use-by” r “best-befre” date, frm sme fresh fd items.
Past studies have cnfirmed the imprtance f date labelling. Almst 60% f western Eurpean cnsumers surveyed said they “always” check date labels while purchasing. But date labelling has lng cme under criticism because failure t truly understand date labelling ften leads t unreasnable decisin making. Indeed, cnsumers cmmnly dn’t accept edible(可食用的), but date-expired(过期的) fd.
The remval f date labelling is therefre a prmising start. Withut date labels, infrmatin that may affect cnsumers’ understanding f what is edible, is remved. Instead, cnsumers are encuraged t sense-check fresh fd items.
In the case f an avcad, the advice given t cnsumers is that when ripe, it shuld have a “pleasant and slightly sweet arma(气味)”, while the skin shuld be “dark green r brwn”. Infrmatin is als prvided n hw an avcad shuld lk, taste, and feel when “verripe”. It is hped that a better infrmed cnsumer will be less likely t blindly thrw away fd due t an expiratin date.
40．What d fd retailers decide t d t reduce husehld fd waste?
41．Why has date labelling lng been criticized?
42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
If cnsumers can be better infrmed, they will nt accept edible, but date-expired fd.
43．Once date labels are remved frm sme fresh fd items, what prblem(s) might be caused? (In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】40．Fd retailers decide t remve date labelling.
Because failure t truly understand date labelling ften leads t unreasnable decisin making.
42．If cnsumers can be better infrmed, they will nt accept edible, but date-expired fd.
Because cnsumers are encuraged t sense-check fresh fd items, and the infrmatin is als prvided n hw the fd shuld lk, taste, and feel when “verripe”. S if cnsumers can be better infrmed, they will be likely t accept edible, but date-expired fd.
43．Remving date labels frm sme fresh fd items can prevent cnsumers frm knwing the edible infrmatin f the fd.Withut date labels, cnsumers are encuraged t sense-check fresh fd items.
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了为了减少家庭食品浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定取消一些新鲜食品的日期标签，例如“使用日期”或“最佳食用日期”。尽管人们在购买食品时，大部分人会查看日期标签，但是日期标签有时候却对人有误导作用而造成浪费。在施行取消标签后，人们可以通过“望闻”的方法判断食物。
40．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段内容“T reduce husehld fd waste, a grwing number f fd retailers decide t remve date labelling, such as the ‘use-by’ r ‘best-befre’ date, frm sme fresh fd items.(为了减少家庭食物浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定从一些新鲜食品上去掉日期标签，比如“截止食用日期”或“最佳食用日期”。)”可知，食品零售商决定去掉一些新鲜食品上的日期标签以减少浪费。故答案为：Fd retailers decide t remve date labelling.
41．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段内容“But date labelling has lng cme under criticism because failure t truly understand date labelling ften leads t unreasnable decisin making.(但日期标签长期以来一直受到批评，因为未能真正理解日期标签往往会导致不合理的决策。)”可知，日期标签长期受到批评是因为日期标签未能得到真正理解而导致不合理的购买决策。故答案为：Because failure t truly understand date labelling ften leads t unreasnable decisin making.
42．考查细节理解。根据文章第五段内容“Infrmatin is als prvided n hw an avcad shuld lk, taste, and feel when “verripe”. It is hped that a better infrmed cnsumer will be less likely t blindly thrw away fd due t an expiratin date. (还提供了牛油果“过熟”时的外观、味道和感觉的信息。人们希望，一个更了解情况的消费者不太可能因为过期而盲目扔掉食物。)”可知，“If cnsumers can be better infrmed, they will nt accept edible, but date-expired fd.(如果消费者能更明智，他们不会接受可食用的，但过期的食品。)”中“they will nt accept edible, but date-expired fd”是错误的，如果消费者对食物信息更了解一些，那么就有可能接受可食用但过期的食品。故答案为：If cnsumers can be better infrmed, they will nt accept edible, but date-expired fd. Because cnsumers are encuraged t sense-check fresh fd items, and the infrmatin is als prvided n hw the fd shuld lk, taste, and feel when “verripe”. S if cnsumers can be better infrmed, they will be likely t accept edible, but date-expired fd.
43．本题为开放性试题，要求考生结合文章根据自己的见解进行作答，言之有理即可。供参考：根据文章第四段“Withut date labels, infrmatin that may affect cnsumers' understanding f what is edible, is remved.
（如果没有日期标签，可能会影响消费者了解什么是可食用的的信息被删除。）”可知，没有日期标签，消费者可能无法了解该食品的可食用信息。故答案为Remving date labels frm sme fresh fd items can prevent cnsumers frm knwing the edible infrmatin f the fd.Withut date labels, cnsumers are encuraged t sense-check fresh fd items.
第二节(20分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校正在为高三毕业典礼征集活动方案。你有意参加，并对活动设计形成了一些想法。请你给英国好友Jim写一封邮件询问他的建议。内容包括：
1.介绍设计想法；
2.说明设计理由。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
My schl is cllecting designs fr the graduatin ceremny. I’m writing t share my idea with yu and ask fr yur advice.
First, the ceremny shuld be n weekend, thus allwing all the parents and teachers t be present, making this event livelier. It will kick ff with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, fllwed by a vide featuring thse unfrgettable mments f ur schl life and the presentatin f diplmas. We need t set up a “gratitude wall”, where we can express ur gratitude t ur teachers, friends and parents, withut whse help we culd hardly succeed. During the last sessin, students can pen the flr t talk abut their future, sharing their ambitins with each ther.
S what d yu think f my plan? Lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就高三毕业典礼征集活动方案给英国好友Jim写一封邮件，介绍自己的设计想法，说明设计理由，并询问他的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：advice→ suggestin
鼓舞人心的：inspiring →encuraging
表达：express→cnvey
畅所欲言：pen the flr→speak ut freely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It will kick ff with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, fllwed by a vide featuring thse unfrgettable mments f ur schl life and the presentatin f diplmas.
拓展句：It will kick ff with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, which will be fllwed by a vide featuring thse unfrgettable mments f ur schl life and the presentatin f diplmas.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It will kick ff with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, fllwed by a vide featuring thse unfrgettable mments f ur schl life and the presentatin f diplmas.（运用了过去分词作后置定语、状语，现在分词作后置定语）
【高分句型2】We need t set up a “gratitude wall”, where we can express ur gratitude t ur teachers, friends and parents, withut whse help we culd hardly succeed.（运用了动词不定式作宾语，where和whse引导的非限制性定语从句，含withut的含蓄条件句的虚拟语气）
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