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06- 备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）（解析版）
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这是一份06- 备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）（解析版），共20页。
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
（2023上·北京·高三校联考开学考试）It was an rdinary summer afternn when I first fund ut abut my grandpa’s 1 garden.
That day, after schl, instead f walking straight hme, I decided t visit my grandpa, wh lived just a few blcks away.
When I gt there, I saw the frnt dr was slightly pen. I pushed it pen but fund nbdy. Curisity and 2 mixed within me as I ventured inside and nticed the backdr wide pen, leading t a path I’d never 3 befre. There it was—a breathtaking garden, filled with flwers f all shapes and clrs, greenery stretching ut as far as my eyes culd see. I walked 4 , marveling at the beautiful spectacle. Suddenly, I heard a rustling sund frm a nearby bush, fllwed by a sft and familiar vice.
“I didn’t 5 yu t find this place, my dear,” my grandpa said, emerging frm behind the green leaves with a brad smile, hlding a watering can.
6 by the beauty f the garden, I just std there, taking in the view. After what felt like frever, I asked, “Grandpa, why didn’t yu tell me abut this place?”
He shrugged and replied, “I wanted it t be a 7 , smething yu culd discver n yur wn. It’s mre special that way, dn’t yu think?”
Since that day, we wuld spend hurs in the garden, tending t the flwers, sharing stries, and enjying each ther’s 8 . That garden, which I discvered 9 , became ur playgrund, a haven f peace in the midst f ur bustling city lives.
Lking back nw, I realize that the greatest thing I fund in that garden was nt the beautiful scenery, but the precius memries and 10 I built with my grandpa.
1．A．tinyB．secretC．rmanticD．natural
2．A．cncernB．relaxatinC．delightD．excitement
3．A．appreciatedB．dubtedC．nticedD．recgnized
4．A．hmeB．backC．awayD．further
5．A．expectB．hpeC．allwD．tell
6．A．DisturbedB．OverwhelmedC．AngeredD．Amused
7．A．mysteryB．giftC．challengeD．wnder
8．A．gardenB．cmpanyC．greetingD．memries
9．A．as usualB．in particularC．n purpseD．by chance
10．A．peaceB．balanceC．bndD．trust
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要写了一个普通夏日午后，主人公和祖父一起在花园里度过了很多美好的时光，这个花园成为了他们的乐园。回想起来，主人公意识到在花园里最重要的不是美丽的风景，而是与祖父建立的珍贵回忆和情感。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次发现爷爷的秘密花园时，那是一个普通的夏日午后。A. tiny微小的；B. secret秘密的；C. rmantic浪漫的；D. natural自然的。根据后文“as I ventured inside and nticed the backdr wide pen，leading t a path I'd never 3 befre.”可知，对于作者来说这是个以前没有发现的花园，所以应该是秘密花园。故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我冒险走进去，发现后门大开着，通向一条我从未注意过的小路时，内心交织着好奇和关注。A. cncern关心；关注；B. relaxatin放松；C. delight高兴；D. excitement兴奋。根据前文Curisity和下文“I’d never 3 befre”可知，作者以前没有来过，因此在推开这个门的时候，应该是好奇的和关注的。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. appreciated欣赏；感激；B. dubted怀疑；C. nticed注意到；D. recgnized认出。根据后文“There it was—a breathtaking garden, filled with flwers f all shapes and clrs, greenery stretching ut as far as my eyes culd see.(那是一个令人惊叹的花园，开满了各种形状和颜色的花，绿色植物一直延伸到我的眼睛所能看到的地方)”可知，作者在这之前从来没有注意到这个花园。故选C。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我继续往前走，惊叹于这美丽的景象。A. hme回家；B. back回来；后边；C. away离开；D. further更进一 步。根据后文“marveling at the beautiful spectacle”可知作者应该是进一步走进花园，所以应该是walked further。故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“亲爱的，我没想到你会发现这个地方，”爷爷说着，拿着一个喷壶，笑容满面地从绿叶后面走了出来。A. expect认为；预料；B. hpe希望；C. allw允许；D. tell告诉。根据下文““I wanted it t be a 7 , smething yu culd discver n yur wn. It’s mre special that way, dn’t yu think?””可知爷爷没有料到作者会发现这个地方。故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：被花园的美景迷住了，我只是站在那里欣赏风景。A. Disturbed打扰；B. Overwhelmed 征服；C. Angered激怒；D. Amused消遣；娱乐。根据后文“I just std there, taking in the view”可知作者突然发现这个园子很美，应是被美景所征服。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他耸了耸肩，回答说:“我希望它是一个谜，你可以自己发现一些东西。这样更特别，你不觉得吗?”A. mystery神秘；B. gift 礼物；C. challenge挑战；D. wnder奇迹。 根据后文“smething yu culd discver n yur wn. It's mre special that way, dn’t yu think?”可知爷爷是想让作者自己去发现这个地方，所以是想让它成为一个谜。故选A。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我们总是会在花园里呆上几个小时，照顾花朵，分享故事，享受彼此的陪伴。A. garden 花园；B. cmpany陪伴；C. greeting问候；D. memries记忆。根据前文“we wuld spend hurs in the garden, tending t the flwers, sharing stries, and enjying each ther’s.”可知作者和爷爷会在花园里呆上几个小时，照料花朵，分享故事，彼此陪伴。故选B。
9．考查固定短语辨析。句意：那座花园是我偶然发现的，后来成了我们的游乐场，成了熙熙攘攘的都市生活中的一个宁静的避风港。A. as usual和平常一样；B. in particular特别地；C. n purpse故意地；D. by chance偶然地。根据前文“Curisity and 2 mixed within me as I ventured inside and nticed the backdr wide pen, leading t a path I’d never 3 befre.”可知作者偶然发现的这个园子。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我意识到我在那个花园里发现的最伟大的东西不是美丽的风景，而是我与爷爷建立的珍贵回忆和纽带。A. peace平安；B. balance平衡；C. bnd纽带；联系；D. trust信任。根据下文“I built with my grandpa”可知，回想起来，主人公意识到在花园里最重要的不是美丽的风景，而是与祖父建立的珍贵回忆和互信关系。故选C。
第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
A
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山区校考期中）Shakespeare’s birthplace was the childhd hme f William Shakespeare. The huse has been exactly furnished, and includes bth riginal and cpy items similar t thse which wuld have been there in the huse 11 Shakespeare was a child. Beautifully painted clths hang n the walls, and brightly clred fabrics (织物) fill the rms. At the back f the huse is a beautiful garden 12 (cntain) many trees, herbs and flwers 13 (mentin) in Shakespeare’s plays.
【答案】11．when 12．cntaining 13．mentined
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了威廉·莎士比亚童年的家的具体情况。
11．考查时间状语从句。句意：这所房子里的家具都很整齐，包括原版和复制品，与莎士比亚小时候家里的家具相似。分析句子结构可知，本空引导时间状语从句，结合句意可知，本空填when“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。故填when。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：房子后面是一个美丽的花园，里面有许多莎士比亚戏剧中提到的树木、草药和鲜花。分析句子结构可知，本句系动词为is，故本空用非谓语动词，且garden与动词cntain“包含”为主动关系，故此处使用动词cntain的现在分词cntaining，作定语，修饰名词garden 。故填cntaining。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：房子后面是一个美丽的花园，里面有许多莎士比亚戏剧中提到的树木、草药和鲜花。分析句子结构可知，本句系动词为is，故本空用非谓语动词，且herbs and flwers与动词mentin“提到”为被动关系，故此处使用过去分词mentined，作定语，修饰herbs and flwers 。故填mentined。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）Technlgy is cnstantly advancing. 14 we imagined it years ag cannt keep up with its pace f develpment. In the past, autnmus vehicles were just a part f mvies, 15 these technlgies are nw successfully cming int being. An autnmus car, als 16 (knw) as a self-driving car, can perfrm all functins related t everyday driving and parking. It is a technlgy that senses the envirnment and, upn entering the destinatin, 17 (find) its way withut human interventin.
【答案】14．Hw 15．but 16．knwn 17．finds
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车技术的快速发展和功能的强大。
14．考查主语从句。句意：我们多年前的想象已经跟不上它的发展步伐。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作主句的主语，从句中缺少方式状语，因此应用连接副词hw作引导词，且空处位于句首，hw的首字母需大写。故填Hw。
15．考查连词。句意：在过去，无人驾驶汽车只是电影的一部分，但这些技术现在正在成功地成为现实。前面说明过去无人驾驶汽车仍属于电影中的场景，还不是现实，后面说明现在这些技术已成为现实，因此前后语义构成转折，空处应用意为“但是”的并列连词but。故填but。
16．考查非谓语动词。句意：无人驾驶汽车，也被称为自动驾驶汽车，可以执行日常驾驶和停车相关的所有功能。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作An autnmus car的非限制性后置定语，knw和An autnmus car逻辑上是被动关系，且动作已完成，因此应用knw的过去分词形式。故填knwn。
17．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是一种可以感知环境的技术，一旦进入目的地，就可以在没有人为干预的情况下找到自己的路。分析句子可知，空处和senses并列，作that引导的定语从句的谓语，时态为一般现在时，find也应用第三人称单数形式。故填finds。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
（2023上·北京·高三校考期中）As we all knw, the mst ppular martial arts tday 18 (riginate) in Asia. Sme Chinese fighting styles were invented ver 3,000 years ag. Many martial arts were invented 19 peple needed t defend themselves r prtect thers. Nwadays, peple learn martial arts as a way 20 (keep) fit r as a cmpetitive sprt, but they are still very useful fr self-defence.
【答案】18．riginated 19．because 20．t keep
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了武术的分类、来源以及中国武术对世界的影响。
18．考查时态。句意：众所周知，当今最流行的武术起源于亚洲。分析句子结构可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，且主语the mst ppular martial arts与riginate“起源于”为主动关系，故用过去式形式riginated，作谓语。故填riginated。
19．考查原因状语从句。句意：许多武术的发明是因为人们需要自卫或保护他人。空后“peple needed t defend themselves r prtect thers (人们需要自卫或保护他人)”是空前“Many martial arts were invented (许多武术被发明)”的原因，故此处使用从属连词because“因为”，引导原因状语从句。故填because。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，人们学习武术是为了保持健康或作为一项竞技运动，但它们对自卫仍然非常有用。a way t d sth.意为“做某事的方法”，故keep“保持”用不定式形式t keep，作way的定语。故填t keep。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
（2023·北京海淀·三模）Students applying t clleges that use the Cmmn Applicatin shuld hand in an essay f 650 wrds. That includes the essay title, ntes, and any ther text that yu include in the essay.
What Can Yu Accmplish in 650 Wrds?
Even if yu take advantage f the full length available t yu, keep in mind that 650 wrds is nt a lng essay. It’s rughly the equivalent f a tw-page, duble-spaced essay. Mst essays tend t be between three and eight paragraphs depending n the applicant’s writing style and essay strategy.
As yu plan yur essay, yu definitely want t keep the length requirement in mind. Many applicants attempt t d t much with their essays and then struggle t edit them dwn t 650 wrds. Realize the purpse f the persnal statement is nt t tell yur life stry r t give an exhaustive verview f all f yur accmplishments. Let yur list f extracurricular activities, academic recrd, letters f recmmendatin, and supplemental essays and materials shw yur range f accmplishments. The persnal statement is nt the place fr lng lists r catalgs f achievement.
T write an engaging and effective 650 wrd r shrter essay, yu need t have a sharp fcus. Narrate a single event, r illuminate a single passin r talent. Allw enugh space fr self-reflectin s that whatever yur tpic is yu spend at least sme time talking abut its significance t yu.
Again, use the essay t narrate an engaging stry. Make sure it highlights smething yu care abut deeply, and be sure t prvide a windw int yur interests r persnality that isn’t already bvius frm the rest f yur applicatin.
A Final Wrd Abut Essay Length
With the primary Cmmn Applicatin essay, yu will need t cme in at 650 wrds r fewer. Hwever, yu will find that mst supplemental essays n the Cmmn Applicatin have different length guidelines, and clleges that dn’t use the Cmmn Applicatin will have differing length requirements. N matter what the circumstances, make sure yu fllw the guidelines. If an essay shuld be 350 wrds, dn’t write 370.
Finally, keep in mind that what yu say and hw yu say it is far mre imprtant than whether yu have 550 wrds r 650 wrds. If yu’ve said all yu have t say in 500 wrds, dn’t try t pad yur essay t make it lnger. Regardless f length, the best writing will tell a cmpelling stry, prvide insight t yur character and interests, and are written with crisp and engaging prse.
21．Accrding t the passage, what might be a right thing t d while writing an essay?
A．T tell sme interesting life stries.
B．T list all the pssible achievements.
C．T shw the range f accmplishments.
D．T highlight the fcus f ne single event.
22．As fr the essay length, the applicant ________.
A．shuld fllw the guidelines.
B．can set his r her wn limit accrdingly
C．shuld make sure it n less than 650 wrds
D．can write mre than 650 wrds when necessary
23．What is the purpse f the passage?
A．T stress the imprtance f essay writing.
B．T intrduce methds f writing a gd essay.
C．T advertise a writing curse fr cllege students.
D．T remind the applicants f the length f their essay.
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了申请大学的论文的650字应该写什么，以及文章的具体长度是什么。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Let yur list f extracurricular activities, academic recrd, letters f recmmendatin, and supplemental essays and materials shw yur range f accmplishments. The persnal statement is nt the place fr lng lists r catalgs f achievement.(让你的课外活动清单、学术记录、推荐信、补充文章和材料显示你的成就范围。)”可知，写论文时，你需要显示出你的成就范围，故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据文章A Final Wrd Abut Essay Length部分“N matter what the circumstances, make sure yu fllw the guidelines. If an essay shuld be 350 wrds, dn’t write 370.(不论在什么情况下，都要确保遵守准则。如果一篇文章应该是350字，就不要写370字。)”可知，关于论文的长度，申请者需要遵守准则，故选A。
23．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Students applying t clleges that use the Cmmn Applicatin shuld hand in an essay f 650 wrds. (申请使用通用应用程序的大学生应该要提交一篇650字的论文。)”以及后文的两个小标题“What Can Yu Accmplish in 650 Wrds?(在650字内，你应该写什么？)”“A Final Wrd Abut Essay Length(论文长度的最终提示。)”可知，本篇文章主要介绍了论文的长度限制，故文章的目的在于提醒申请者所写论文的长度，故选D。
B
（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）Brian Petersn had just mved t Califrnia. Outside his apartment, a hmeless man was ften shuting n the street crner, smetimes keeping him awake at night. Petersn wuld pass the guy n his way t wrk, but they never spke.
One day, Petersn was reading the bk Lve Des when he was disturbed by the hmeless man. Inspired by the bk’s cmpassinate (有同情心的) message, Petersn made an unexpected decisin: He was ging t g utside and intrduce himself. The hmeless man was Matt Faris. He’d mved t Califrnia t pursue a career in music, but he ended up living n the street.
“It was the strangest thing t me,” Petersn recalled. “I saw beauty n the face f a man wh hadn’t shaved r taken a shwer in prbably a year. But his stry inspired me.” And even thugh Petersn, an art schl graduate, hadn’t painted in abut eight years, he asked if he culd paint Faris’s prtrait (肖像). Faris said yes.
This experience led Petersn t frm Faces f Santa Ana, a nn-prfit rganizatin fcused n befriending and painting prtraits f unhused peple. Petersn sells the prtraits, putting the incme int what he calls a “lve accunt” fr his mdel. He then helps peple use the mney t get back n their feet.
Many f Petersn’s new friends use the dnatins t secure immediate necessities — medical care, htel rms, and fd. Faris used the funds frm his prtrait t recrd an album (专辑), realizing his musical dreams. Anther subject, Sndval, wh had never been able t financially supprt her daughter, used the mney t pay her daughter’s rent.
Since Faces f Santa Ana was established, Petersn has painted 41 f all the prtraits. But there’s mre t the finished prducts than the mney they bring t smene wh’s dwn and ut. He’s discvered that the buyers tend t cnnect t the stry f the persn in the painting, finding similarities and ften friendship with smene they might have therwise steretyped (持固有观念) r verlked. “Peple ften tell me, ‘I was the ne that wuld crss the street. But I see hmeless peple differently nw,’” Petersn says. “I didn’t knw that wuld happen.”
24．Hw did Petersn feel abut the hmeless man after reading the bk?
A．Annyed.B．Amazed.C．Cncerned.D．Cnfused.
25．After talking with Faris, Petersn decided t______.
A．pay fr his rentB．recrd an album
C．g t an art schlD．paint his prtrait
26．Hw did Petersn help the hmeless?
A．He funded a nn-prfit rganizatin.B．He bught immediate necessities fr them.
C．He dnated mney t related rganizatins.D．He taught them hw t realize their dreams.
27．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Prejudice blcks dreams.B．Wealth can make peple wise.
C．Sympathy can break steretypes.D．Actins speak luder than wrds.
【答案】24．C 25．D 26．A 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了艺术家Brian Petersn如何通过肖像画帮助无家可归的人并改变他们的生活的感人故事。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“One day, Petersn was reading the bk Lve Des when he was disturbed by the hmeless man. Inspired by the bk’s cmpassinate (有同情心的) message, Petersn made an unexpected decisin: He was ging t g utside and intrduce himself.(一天，Petersn正在读《爱的力量》，这时他被一个流浪汉打扰了。受到书中富有同情心的信息的启发，Petersn做了一个意想不到的决定：他要出去介绍自己)”可知，Petersn之前一直对流浪汉的存在感到困扰，而读完这本书，他受到了书中同情心理念的影响，决定走出去向流浪汉介绍自己，并最终帮助了流浪汉。由此可知，当Petersn读完书后，他对流浪汉充满担忧。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““It was the strangest thing t me,” Petersn recalled. “I saw beauty n the face f a man wh hadn’t shaved r taken a shwer in prbably a year. But his stry inspired me.” And even thugh Petersn, an art schl graduate, hadn’t painted in abut eight years, he asked if he culd paint Faris’s prtrait(肖像). Faris said yes(“这对我来说是最奇怪的事情，” Petersn回忆说。“我在一个大概一年都没刮胡子、没洗澡的男人脸上看到了美。但他的故事激励了我。”尽管毕业于艺术学院的Petersn已经有八年没有画过画了，但他还是问能不能画一下Faris的肖像。Faris答应了)”可知，Petersn和Faris交流之后，决定为他画一幅肖像画。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“This experience led Petersn t frm Faces f Santa Ana, a nn-prfit rganizatin fcused n befriending and painting prtraits f unhused peple.(这段经历促使Petersn成立了“Faces f Santa Ana”，这是一个非营利组织，致力于帮助无家可归的人，并为他们画肖像)”可知，为了帮助无家可归的人，Petersn成立了一个非营利组织。故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“He’s discvered that the buyers tend t cnnect t the stry f the persn in the painting, finding similarities and ften friendship with smene they might have therwise steretyped (持固有观念) r verlked.(他发现，买家倾向于与画中人物的故事联系起来，找到相似之处，往往与他们原本可能刻板印象或忽视的人建立友谊)”以及全文内容可知，通过画肖像，Petersn帮助无家可归的人打破了人们的固有观念，让他们感到被尊重和欣赏。由此推知，这所有的一切都是源于Petersn最初对流浪汉的同情心。故选C。
C
（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）“When I stpped in at ur lcal turism ffice in Mntreal t ask where they wuld recmmend visitrs t g t smell, taste, and listen t the city, I just received blank stares. They nly knw abut things t see, nt abut the city’s ther sensry attractins, its sundmarks and smellmarks,” says Hwes, the directr f Sensry Studies, a grwing field ften referred t as “sensry urbanism”.
Arund the wrld, researchers like Hwes are investigating hw nn-visual infrmatin defines the character f a city and affects its livability. Using methds ranging frm lw-tech sund walks t data cllecting, wearables (clthing r glasses that cntain cmputer technlgy), and virtual reality, they’re fighting what they see as a limiting visual preference in urban planning.
“Just being able t clse yur eyes fr 10 minutes gives yu a ttally different feeling abut a place,” says Oguz Öner, an academic and musician. He has spent years rganizing sund walks in Istanbul where participants describe what they hear at different spts with their eyes cvered. His research has identified lcatins where a wave rgan culd be cnstructed t strengthen the sunds f the sea, smething he was surprised t realize peple culd hardly hear, even alng the waterfrnt.
Althugh his findings have nt been cnsidered int lcal urban plans yet, this kind f individual feedback (反馈) abut the sensry envirnment is already being put t use in Berlin, where quiet areas identified by citizens using a free mbile app have been included in the city’s latest nise actin plan.
The best way t determine hw peple react t different sensry envirnments is a subject f sme debate within the field. Hwes and his clleagues are using bservatin and interviews t develp a set f best practices fr gd sensry design in public spaces. Other researchers are ging mre high-tech, using wearables t track bilgical data like heart-rate variability t reveal different sensry experiences.
As data cllectin abut peple’s sensry experiences becmes mre widespread, many f these experts warn that cncerns abut privacy and surveillance (监视) need t be taken int accunt. Issues f fairness and inclusin als cme int play when determining whse sensry experiences are factred int planning. “Sensry awareness is nt independent r simply bilgical; whether we find smething pleasant r nt has been shaped culturally and scially,” says Mnica Degen, an urban cultural scilgist at Brunel University Lndn.
Degen cites the example f a Lndn neighbrhd where inexpensive restaurants fr lcal yuth were replaced by trendy cafes. “It used t smell like fried chicken,” she says, but newer residents fund that smell annying rather than welcming. “Nw it smells like the ppular Italian cffee, cappuccins.”
28．The underlined phrase “blank stares” in Paragraph 1 implies that______.
A．Mntreal is lacking in visual appeal
B．Mntreal’s nn-visual infrmatin is ignred
C．the turism fficers bject t sensry urbanism
D．there are t many turist attractins t recmmend
29．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Many methds are used t limit the visual preference.
B．Ptential cncerns abut cllecting data can be relieved.
C．Peple may fail t ntice sund attractins even in better lcatins.
D．Individual feedback restricts the develpment f sensry envirnment.
30．What can be inferred frm the passage?
A．Peple’s perceptins f their sensry surrundings are subjective.
B．Sensry urbanism needs t fcus n develping sensry facilities.
C．Sensry experience is dminant in shaping the character f a city.
D．Chices f sensry attractins in urban planning depend n turists.
【答案】28．B 29．C 30．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章通过介绍研究者们如何考虑城市中的感官体验来探讨城市规划中的一些新趋势和挑战。同时，文中也引用了多位专家的观点和案例来支持作者的立论。
28．词句猜测题。根据划线词组下文“They nly knw abut things t see, nt abut the city’s ther sensry attractins, its sundmarks and smellmarks,” says Hwes, the directr f Sensry Studies, a grwing field ften referred t as “sensry urbanism”.(“他们只知道看的东西，不知道城市的其他感官景点，它的声音和气味，”感官研究主任豪斯说。感官研究是一个不断发展的领域，通常被称为“感官城市主义”)”可知，很多人忽略了城市的其他感官景点，它的声音和气味，因此当我在蒙特利尔当地的旅游办公室停下来，询问他们会推荐游客去哪里闻、尝、听这座城市的声音时，我得到的只是茫然的目光。由此可知，划线词组blank stares是“茫然的目光”之意，意味着“蒙特利尔的非视觉信息被忽略了”。故选B项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段“He has spent years rganizing sund walks in Istanbul where participants describe what they hear at different spts with their eyes cvered. His research has identified lcatins where a wave rgan culd be cnstructed t strengthen the sunds f the sea, smething he was surprised t realize peple culd hardly hear, even alng the waterfrnt.(多年来，他一直在伊斯坦布尔组织“声音漫步”活动，参与者蒙着眼睛描述他们在不同地点听到的声音。他的研究已经确定了可以建造波浪风琴的地点，以增强海浪的声音，他惊讶地发现，即使在海滨，人们也几乎听不到海浪的声音)”可推知，即使在更好的地方，人们也可能不会注意到声音的吸引力。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Issues f fairness and inclusin als cme int play when determining whse sensry experiences are factred int planning. “Sensry awareness is nt independent r simply bilgical; whether we find smething pleasant r nt has been shaped culturally and scially,” says Mnica Degen, an urban cultural scilgist at Brunel University Lndn.(公平性和包容性的问题也在决定谁的感官体验被纳入规划时发挥了作用。“感官意识不是独立的，也不是简单的生物；我们是否觉得某件事令人愉快，是由文化和社会塑造的，”伦敦布鲁内尔大学(Brunel University Lndn)的城市文化社会学家莫妮卡·德根(Mnica Degen)说)”可推知，人们对感官环境的感知是主观的。故选A项。
D
（2023上·北京丰台·高三统考期中）We humans are in truble. We have let lse a new evlutinary prcess that we dn’t understand and can’t cntrl.
The latest leaps frward in artificial intelligence (AI) are rightly causing anxiety. Yet peple are respnding as thugh AI is just ne mre scary new technlgy, like electricity r cars nce were. We invented it, the argument ges, s we shuld be able t manage it fr ur wn benefit. Nt s. I believe that this situatin is new and ptentially dangerus.
My thinking starts frm the premise that all design anywhere in the universe is created by the evlutinary algrithm (算法). This is the prcess in which sme kind f infrmatin is cpied many times, the cpies vary slightly and nly sme are selected t be cpied again. The infrmatin is called the replicatr (复制者), and ur mst familiar example is the gene.
But genes aren’t the nly replicatr, as Richard Dawkins stressed in The Selfish Gene. Peple cpy habits, stries, wrds, technlgies and sngs; we change, recmbine and pass them n in ever greater variety. This secnd replicatr, evlving much faster than genes ever culd, Dawkins called memes (模仿传递行为) — and they are selfish t.
As we face up t the recent explsin in AI, new questins arise. Culd a third replicatr take advantage f the first tw? And what wuld happen if it did?
Fr billins f years, all f the Earth’s rganisms were gene machines, until, abut 2 millin years ag, just ne species — ur ancestrs — started imitating sunds, gestures and ways f prcessing fd. They had let lse a secnd replicatr and turned us int meme machines. Fllwing the same principle, culd a third replicatr appear if sme bject we made started cpying, varying and selecting a new kind f infrmatin?
It culd, and I believe it has. Our digital technlgy can cpy, stre and spread vast amunts f infrmatin with near-perfect accuracy. While we had mstly been the nes selecting what t cpy and share, that is changing nw. Mindless algrithms chse which ads we see and which news stries they “think” we wuld like. Once a digital replicatr takes ff, its prducts will evlve fr its wn benefit, nt urs.
All is nt lst, thugh. We already cpe with fast-evlving parasites such as viruses by using ur immune systems, machines and vaccines. Nw, we need t build ur cllective mental immunity, ur critical thinking and ur ability t prtect ur attentin frm all that selfish infrmatin. Taking lessns frm evlutin, we can stp imagining we are the cntrllers f ur accidentally dangerus ffspring and start learning hw t live with them.
31．As fr peple’s attitude tward AI, the authr is ____________.
A．disapprvingB．uncncerned
C．sympatheticD．tlerant
32．Accrding t the passage, Richard Dawkins may agree that ____________.
A．memes are cmpsed f selfish genesB．the speed f evlutin is underestimated
C．replicatrs vary with human interferenceD．memes and genes share a cmmn feature
33．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Technlgies can be duble-edged.
B．Cllective effrts make a better wrld.
C．We shuld live in harmny with nature.
D．Past experience is relevant t future actin.
34．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．The pace f technlgical prgress is unstppable.
B．The initiative f algrithm shuld be strengthened.
C．The new evlutin can bring abut negative effects.
D．The artificial intelligence can satisfy ur real desires.
【答案】31．A 32．D 33．D 34．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中探讨了人工智能的最新发展所带来的焦虑和人类的应对办法。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet peple are respnding as thugh AI is just ne mre scary new technlgy, like electricity r cars nce were. We invented it, the argument ges, s we shuld be able t manage it fr ur wn benefit. Nt s. I believe that this situatin is new and ptentially dangerus.(然而，人们的反应似乎是，人工智能只不过是又一项可怕的新技术，就像曾经的电力或汽车一样。这种观点认为，我们发明了它，所以我们应该能够为了自己的利益来管理它。不是这样的。我认为这种情况是新的，而且有潜在的危险。)”可知，人们认为人工智能与曾经的电力或汽车一样，不会给人类带来威胁，但作者并不赞成这一观点。故选A项。
32．推理判断题。根据第三段“But genes aren’t the nly replicatr, as Richard Dawkins stressed in The Selfish Gene. Peple cpy habits, stries, wrds, technlgies and sngs; we change, recmbine and pass them n in ever greater variety. This secnd replicatr, evlving much faster than genes ever culd, Dawkins called memes (模仿传递行为) — and they are selfish t.(但正如理查德·道金斯在《自私的基因》中强调的那样，基因并不是唯一的复制因子。人们复制习惯、故事、文字、技术和歌曲；我们改变、重组并以更大的变化将它们传递下去。第二种复制因子，进化得比基因快得多，道金斯称之为模因——它们也很自私。)”可知，理查德·道金斯认为基因和模因都很很自私。所以他会赞同“基因和模因有一个共同的特征”这一说法。故选D项。
33．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We already cpe with fast-evlving parasites such as viruses by using ur immune systems, machines and vaccines. Nw, we need t build ur cllective mental immunity, ur critical thinking and ur ability t prtect ur attentin frm all that selfish infrmatin. Taking lessns frm evlutin, we can stp imagining we are the cntrllers f ur accidentally dangerus ffspring and start learning hw t live with them.(我们已经通过免疫系统、机器和疫苗来应对病毒等快速进化的寄生物。现在，我们需要建立我们的集体精神免疫力，我们的批判性思维和我们保护我们的注意力不受所有自私信息影响的能力。从进化中吸取教训，我们可以停止想象我们是我们意外危险后代的控制者，并开始学习如何与他们相处。)”可推知，作者认为人类可以从过去战胜寄生物的经历中总结经验，从人类的进化过程中吸取教训，用来指导未来的行动，来应对人工智能这种新的威胁。所以，从最后一段中可以推出“过去的经验与未来的行动有关。”。故选D项。
34．推理判断题。根据第一段中“We humans are in truble. We have let lse a new evlutinary prcess that we dn’t understand and can’t cntrl.(我们人类有麻烦了。我们已经释放了一个我们不理解也无法控制的新的进化过程。)”、第二段中“We invented it, the argument ges, s we shuld be able t manage it fr ur wn benefit. Nt s. I believe that this situatin is new and ptentially dangerus.(这种观点认为，我们发明了它，所以我们应该能够为了自己的利益来管理它。不是这样的。我认为这种情况是新的，而且有潜在的危险。)”和倒数第二段中“Once a digital replicatr takes ff, its prducts will evlve fr its wn benefit, nt urs.(一旦数字复制器起飞，它的产品将为自己的利益而进化，而不是为我们的利益。)”可推知，作者在文中反复表达人工智能的新进化可能会给人类来带威胁，产生负面影响。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The future belngs t the flexible mind. This is the argument behind best-selling authr Lenard Mldinw’s new bk, Elastic. 35
D we need t develp a flexible mind?
Times and surrundings we live in demand a flexible style f thinking. In plitics, we nw have t cpe with mre scandals in a single year than we used t encunter in a lifetime. Meanwhile, the speed and prcessing pwer f cmputers makes it difficult fr us t navigate a landscape in which the number f websites has been dubling every tw t three years. 36 Mre imprtantly, scial attitudes are changing just as fast.
Lgical thught is an analysis that can be described by an algrithm (算术) f the kind that cmputers fllw. Elastic thught cannt. Lgical thught is slved t help us face the everyday challenges f life while elastic thught helps us succeed when circumstances change. 37 Lgical thught can determine hw t drive frm ur hme t the grcery stre mst efficiently, but it’s elastic thught that inspired us t invent the autmbile.
38 One f the abilities t flexible thinking that is difficult t cultivate is the pwer t relax ur mind and let ur guard dwn. If we are cnstantly alerted, ur ideas may have a narrw range and tend t be cnventinal.
One can als cultivate flexible thinking by adjusting ne’s external cnditins.
Studies shw that sitting in a darkened rm, r clsing ur eyes, can widen ur perspective. Lw ceilings, narrw crridrs, and windwless ffices have the ppsite effect. Being able t think withut any kind f time pressure is als imprtant when striving fr nvel ideas. 39 A shrt phne call, email r even a text message can redirect yur attentin and thughts.
Anther way we can try is t pay special attentin t ne f ur strngly held beliefs, take it seriusly and recall times in the past that we were wrng abut smething, even thugh we’d been cnfident f being right. In fact, mre generally, intrducing a little disagreement t ur intellectual interactins may als be helpful.
A．The way we use and access them is als subject t frequent “disastrus changes”.
B．It examines the ever-increasing changes we find urselves living thrugh, and the ways f thinking best suited t them.
C．Flexible thinking cmes naturally t all humans, but it may be blcked by ur ability t tune ut “crazy” idea.
D．In what way is it hard t think “flexibly”?
E．It is where ur new ideas cme frm.
F．Just as imprtant, interruptins are deadly.
G．Hw can we learn t be mre flexible in ur wn thinking?
【答案】35．B 36．A 37．E 38．G 39．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述未来属于灵活的头脑，应该培养灵活思维。
35．根据前文“The future belngs t the flexible mind. This is the argument behind best-selling authr Lenard Mldinw’s new bk, Elastic. (未来属于灵活的头脑。这就是畅销书作家伦纳德·米洛迪诺的新书《弹性》背后的论点)”以及下文“D we need t develp a flexible mind? (我们需要培养灵活的思维吗？)”可知，新书《弹性》的论点也应该和思维方式有关，所以选项B“它审视了我们所经历的不断增长的变化，以及最适合这些变化的思维方式。”切合文意，并且选项中的it指代上文的“Elastic”。故选B。
36．根据上文“Meanwhile, the speed and prcessing pwer f cmputers makes it difficult fr us t navigate a landscape in which the number f websites has been dubling every tw t three years. (与此同时，计算机的速度和处理能力使我们很难浏览网站数量每两到三年翻一番的环境)” 可推断下文都是时代，环境变化相关的，A选项“我们使用和访问它们的方式也经常发生“灾难性的变化”。紧密承接上文，并且紧扣本段变化的主题，故选A。
37．根据上文“Lgical thught is slved t help us face the everyday challenges f life while elastic thught helps us succeed when circumstances change. (逻辑思维可以帮助我们面对日常生活中的挑战，而弹性思维可以帮助我们在环境变化时取得成功)”可知，弹性思维能帮助我们灵活应对环境变化，能给我带来新的想法，选项E“这是我们新想法的来源。”符合题意，故选E。
38．设空处为小标题。根据下文“One f the abilities t flexible thinking that is difficult t cultivate is the pwer t relax ur mind and let ur guard dwn. If we are cnstantly alerted, ur ideas may have a narrw range and tend t be cnventinal. (灵活思考的能力之一是很难培养的，那就是放松我们的思想和放下我们的警惕的能力。如果我们经常被提醒，我们的想法可能会有一个狭窄的范围，往往是传统的)”可知，本段主要讲怎样培养灵活的思考能力，所以G选项“我们怎样才能学会更灵活地思考呢？”符合本段主旨，故选G。
39．根据上文“A shrt phne call, email r even a text message can redirect yur attentin and thughts. (一个简短的电话、电子邮件甚至一条短信都可以转移你的注意力和思想)”可知，列举了一些事情很容易干扰到自己的思考，对思考很不利，F选项“同样重要的是，被打断是致命的。”符合题意，故选F。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
（2023上·北京·高三北京市第十三中学校考期中）Reading is ne f the mst critical activities anyne can engage in fr his r her success in life. It is essential fr bth children and adults because it expses an individual t new things and equips them t becme effective prblem slvers.Smetimes, reading ends being a hbby t many peple, r even a career. It is frm reading that explratin arises.
Reading frms a fundamental part f self-imprvement. Thrugh it, peple becme better in understanding the wrld arund them. It is thrugh this vital activity that peple gain a deep understanding f specific tpics that are f interest t them. Fr instance, ne can read an article r any ther piece f writing n hw t imprve ne’s self-cnfidence. It is thus thrugh reading that it becmes pssible fr ne t create a structured path twards better understanding f issues and well-infrmed decisin making.
Further, reading is crucial as it helps ne t prepare t take actin. Usually, befre taking an actin n anything, ne seeks guidance and help. Guidance can be btained frm peple wh have gne thrugh similar situatins. Hwever, sme peple turn t reading as a surce f knwledge and guidance abut a situatin. In the 21st century,guidance and help ges a lng way in influencing decisin making. Fr example, ne can read n hw t ck a meal, hw t play ftball, r even the best places t g fr a vacatin. In such situatins, reading helps peple prepare befre they take any significant steps.
It is als thrugh reading that ne may gain experience frm ther peple. Since bks and ther reading materials are written by different peple frm varying backgrunds, reading expses a reader t different experiences. Thrugh such experiences, a reader may hasten their success twards a gal since they might avid similar mistakes made by ther peple. Bks cntain successes, failures, and advice frm different peple and it is assumed that life is t shrt t repeat mistakes cmmitted by ther peple in the past. In the case f success, ne might read n the best ways t make mney and avid certain mistakes alng this path. Learning abut and getting t understand peple wh have succeeded is essential fr smene wh intends t fllw the same path.
40．Accrding t the authr, why is reading essential fr bth children and adults?
41．Hw des reading help peple t prepare befre taking an actin?
42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▷ Thrugh reading, peple may learn abut different stries and experiences, s they may repeat the mistakes made by ther peple in the past.
43．Please present the benefits that reading has brught t yu and give examples.(In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】
40．Because reading/it expses an individual t new things and equips them t becme effective prblem slvers. 41．Peple may get guidance and help thrugh reading bks/frm bks befre they take actin/take any steps.
Peple may turn t reading as a surce f knwledge and guidance abut a situatin befre taking actin. 42．Thrugh reading, peple may learn abut different stries and experiences, s they may repeat the mistakes made by ther peple in the past.
Accrding t the passage, peple may read different stries and gain different experience thrugh reading and it helps peple t avid(repeating) the mistakes made by ther peple in the past.
43．言之有理即可。
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了阅读的重要性。
40．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“It is essential fr bth children and adults because it expses an individual t new things and equips them t becme effective prblem slvers.(它对儿童和成人都是必不可少的，因为它使个人接触新事物，并使他们成为有效的问题解决者。)”可知，阅读对于成人和儿童来说是必不可少的，因为阅读/它使个人接触新事物，装备他们成为有效的问题解决者。故答案为：Because reading/it expses an individual t new things and equips them t becme effective prblem slvers.
41．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Further, reading is crucial as it helps ne t prepare t take actin. Usually, befre taking an actin n anything, ne seeks guidance and help. Guidance can be btained frm peple wh have gne thrugh similar situatins. Hwever, sme peple turn t reading as a surce f knwledge and guidance abut a situatin.(此外，阅读是至关重要的，因为它可以帮助一个人准备采取行动。通常，在采取行动之前，人们会寻求指导和帮助。可以从经历过类似情况的人那里获得指导。然而，有些人把阅读作为一种知识和指导的来源。)”可知，在采取行动之前，人们可以通过读书获得指导和帮助。在采取行动之前，人们可能会把阅读作为知识和指导的来源。故答案为：Peple may get guidance and help thrugh reading bks/frm bks befre they take actin/take any steps. Peple may turn t reading as a surce f knwledge and guidance abut a situatin befre taking actin.
42．考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“It is als thrugh reading that ne may gain experience frm ther peple. Since bks and ther reading materials are written by different peple frm varying backgrunds, reading expses a reader t different experiences. Thrugh such experiences, a reader may hasten their success twards a gal since they might avid similar mistakes made by ther peple.(也正是通过阅读，一个人可以从别人那里获得经验。由于书籍和其他阅读材料是由来自不同背景的不同人写的，阅读使读者获得不同的经历。通过这样的经历，读者可能会加速他们的成功，因为他们可能会避免别人犯类似的错误。)”可知，根据文章，人们可以阅读不同的故事，通过阅读获得不同的经验，这有助于人们避免过去别人犯过的错误。由此可知，repeat应该改为avid。故答案为：Thrugh reading, peple may learn abut different stries and experiences, s they may repeat the mistakes made by ther peple in the past. Accrding t the passage, peple may read different stries and gain different experience thrugh reading and it helps peple t avid(repeating) the mistakes made by ther peple in the past.
43．考查开放性试题。题目要求：请给出阅读给你带来的好处，并举例说明。故答案为Reading gives me an insight int different aspects which are nt limited by anyne else but me. That is t say, I can btain almst any infrmatin frm bks if I want. Fr example, I can learn hw t ck a meal fr my mther’s birthday.（言之有理即可）。
第二节(20分)
（2023上·北京丰台·高三统考期中）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校将开展以“用英文讲中国故事”为主题的交流活动。请你给英国交换生Ryan写一封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 告知活动安排；
2. 发出邀请。
注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Ryan,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Ryan,
I hpe this message finds yu well. I am writing t invite yu t participate in an exciting event rganized by ur schl. The event, titled “Telling Chinese Stries in English”, aims t prmte crss-cultural cmmunicatin and understanding. It will begin at 9 a.m. n Nvember 15th. During the event, students will share their unique Chinese stries in English. We believe yur participatin wuld add a unique perspective t the event. Please cnfirm yur availability and we will reserve a spt fr yu.
Lking frward t yur psitive respnse.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于邀请信。要求考生Ryan给英国交换生写一封邮件，邀请他参加“用英文讲中国故事”为主题的交流活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
希望：hpe → wish/expect
参与：participate in → take part in
开始：begin → start
提高：prmte →imprve
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am writing t invite yu t participate in an exciting event rganized by ur schl.
拓展句：I am writing t invite yu t participate in an exciting event which is rganized by ur schl.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I hpe this message finds yu well. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] We believe yur participatin wuld add a unique perspective t the event. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句)
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
（2023上·北京·高三校联考开学考试）It was an rdinary summer afternn when I first fund ut abut my grandpa’s 1 garden.
That day, after schl, instead f walking straight hme, I decided t visit my grandpa, wh lived just a few blcks away.
When I gt there, I saw the frnt dr was slightly pen. I pushed it pen but fund nbdy. Curisity and 2 mixed within me as I ventured inside and nticed the backdr wide pen, leading t a path I’d never 3 befre. There it was—a breathtaking garden, filled with flwers f all shapes and clrs, greenery stretching ut as far as my eyes culd see. I walked 4 , marveling at the beautiful spectacle. Suddenly, I heard a rustling sund frm a nearby bush, fllwed by a sft and familiar vice.
“I didn’t 5 yu t find this place, my dear,” my grandpa said, emerging frm behind the green leaves with a brad smile, hlding a watering can.
6 by the beauty f the garden, I just std there, taking in the view. After what felt like frever, I asked, “Grandpa, why didn’t yu tell me abut this place?”
He shrugged and replied, “I wanted it t be a 7 , smething yu culd discver n yur wn. It’s mre special that way, dn’t yu think?”
Since that day, we wuld spend hurs in the garden, tending t the flwers, sharing stries, and enjying each ther’s 8 . That garden, which I discvered 9 , became ur playgrund, a haven f peace in the midst f ur bustling city lives.
Lking back nw, I realize that the greatest thing I fund in that garden was nt the beautiful scenery, but the precius memries and 10 I built with my grandpa.
1．A．tinyB．secretC．rmanticD．natural
2．A．cncernB．relaxatinC．delightD．excitement
3．A．appreciatedB．dubtedC．nticedD．recgnized
4．A．hmeB．backC．awayD．further
5．A．expectB．hpeC．allwD．tell
6．A．DisturbedB．OverwhelmedC．AngeredD．Amused
7．A．mysteryB．giftC．challengeD．wnder
8．A．gardenB．cmpanyC．greetingD．memries
9．A．as usualB．in particularC．n purpseD．by chance
10．A．peaceB．balanceC．bndD．trust
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要写了一个普通夏日午后，主人公和祖父一起在花园里度过了很多美好的时光，这个花园成为了他们的乐园。回想起来，主人公意识到在花园里最重要的不是美丽的风景，而是与祖父建立的珍贵回忆和情感。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次发现爷爷的秘密花园时，那是一个普通的夏日午后。A. tiny微小的；B. secret秘密的；C. rmantic浪漫的；D. natural自然的。根据后文“as I ventured inside and nticed the backdr wide pen，leading t a path I'd never 3 befre.”可知，对于作者来说这是个以前没有发现的花园，所以应该是秘密花园。故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我冒险走进去，发现后门大开着，通向一条我从未注意过的小路时，内心交织着好奇和关注。A. cncern关心；关注；B. relaxatin放松；C. delight高兴；D. excitement兴奋。根据前文Curisity和下文“I’d never 3 befre”可知，作者以前没有来过，因此在推开这个门的时候，应该是好奇的和关注的。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. appreciated欣赏；感激；B. dubted怀疑；C. nticed注意到；D. recgnized认出。根据后文“There it was—a breathtaking garden, filled with flwers f all shapes and clrs, greenery stretching ut as far as my eyes culd see.(那是一个令人惊叹的花园，开满了各种形状和颜色的花，绿色植物一直延伸到我的眼睛所能看到的地方)”可知，作者在这之前从来没有注意到这个花园。故选C。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我继续往前走，惊叹于这美丽的景象。A. hme回家；B. back回来；后边；C. away离开；D. further更进一 步。根据后文“marveling at the beautiful spectacle”可知作者应该是进一步走进花园，所以应该是walked further。故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“亲爱的，我没想到你会发现这个地方，”爷爷说着，拿着一个喷壶，笑容满面地从绿叶后面走了出来。A. expect认为；预料；B. hpe希望；C. allw允许；D. tell告诉。根据下文““I wanted it t be a 7 , smething yu culd discver n yur wn. It’s mre special that way, dn’t yu think?””可知爷爷没有料到作者会发现这个地方。故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：被花园的美景迷住了，我只是站在那里欣赏风景。A. Disturbed打扰；B. Overwhelmed 征服；C. Angered激怒；D. Amused消遣；娱乐。根据后文“I just std there, taking in the view”可知作者突然发现这个园子很美，应是被美景所征服。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他耸了耸肩，回答说:“我希望它是一个谜，你可以自己发现一些东西。这样更特别，你不觉得吗?”A. mystery神秘；B. gift 礼物；C. challenge挑战；D. wnder奇迹。 根据后文“smething yu culd discver n yur wn. It's mre special that way, dn’t yu think?”可知爷爷是想让作者自己去发现这个地方，所以是想让它成为一个谜。故选A。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我们总是会在花园里呆上几个小时，照顾花朵，分享故事，享受彼此的陪伴。A. garden 花园；B. cmpany陪伴；C. greeting问候；D. memries记忆。根据前文“we wuld spend hurs in the garden, tending t the flwers, sharing stries, and enjying each ther’s.”可知作者和爷爷会在花园里呆上几个小时，照料花朵，分享故事，彼此陪伴。故选B。
9．考查固定短语辨析。句意：那座花园是我偶然发现的，后来成了我们的游乐场，成了熙熙攘攘的都市生活中的一个宁静的避风港。A. as usual和平常一样；B. in particular特别地；C. n purpse故意地；D. by chance偶然地。根据前文“Curisity and 2 mixed within me as I ventured inside and nticed the backdr wide pen, leading t a path I’d never 3 befre.”可知作者偶然发现的这个园子。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我意识到我在那个花园里发现的最伟大的东西不是美丽的风景，而是我与爷爷建立的珍贵回忆和纽带。A. peace平安；B. balance平衡；C. bnd纽带；联系；D. trust信任。根据下文“I built with my grandpa”可知，回想起来，主人公意识到在花园里最重要的不是美丽的风景，而是与祖父建立的珍贵回忆和互信关系。故选C。
第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
A
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山区校考期中）Shakespeare’s birthplace was the childhd hme f William Shakespeare. The huse has been exactly furnished, and includes bth riginal and cpy items similar t thse which wuld have been there in the huse 11 Shakespeare was a child. Beautifully painted clths hang n the walls, and brightly clred fabrics (织物) fill the rms. At the back f the huse is a beautiful garden 12 (cntain) many trees, herbs and flwers 13 (mentin) in Shakespeare’s plays.
【答案】11．when 12．cntaining 13．mentined
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了威廉·莎士比亚童年的家的具体情况。
11．考查时间状语从句。句意：这所房子里的家具都很整齐，包括原版和复制品，与莎士比亚小时候家里的家具相似。分析句子结构可知，本空引导时间状语从句，结合句意可知，本空填when“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。故填when。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：房子后面是一个美丽的花园，里面有许多莎士比亚戏剧中提到的树木、草药和鲜花。分析句子结构可知，本句系动词为is，故本空用非谓语动词，且garden与动词cntain“包含”为主动关系，故此处使用动词cntain的现在分词cntaining，作定语，修饰名词garden 。故填cntaining。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：房子后面是一个美丽的花园，里面有许多莎士比亚戏剧中提到的树木、草药和鲜花。分析句子结构可知，本句系动词为is，故本空用非谓语动词，且herbs and flwers与动词mentin“提到”为被动关系，故此处使用过去分词mentined，作定语，修饰herbs and flwers 。故填mentined。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）Technlgy is cnstantly advancing. 14 we imagined it years ag cannt keep up with its pace f develpment. In the past, autnmus vehicles were just a part f mvies, 15 these technlgies are nw successfully cming int being. An autnmus car, als 16 (knw) as a self-driving car, can perfrm all functins related t everyday driving and parking. It is a technlgy that senses the envirnment and, upn entering the destinatin, 17 (find) its way withut human interventin.
【答案】14．Hw 15．but 16．knwn 17．finds
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车技术的快速发展和功能的强大。
14．考查主语从句。句意：我们多年前的想象已经跟不上它的发展步伐。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作主句的主语，从句中缺少方式状语，因此应用连接副词hw作引导词，且空处位于句首，hw的首字母需大写。故填Hw。
15．考查连词。句意：在过去，无人驾驶汽车只是电影的一部分，但这些技术现在正在成功地成为现实。前面说明过去无人驾驶汽车仍属于电影中的场景，还不是现实，后面说明现在这些技术已成为现实，因此前后语义构成转折，空处应用意为“但是”的并列连词but。故填but。
16．考查非谓语动词。句意：无人驾驶汽车，也被称为自动驾驶汽车，可以执行日常驾驶和停车相关的所有功能。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作An autnmus car的非限制性后置定语，knw和An autnmus car逻辑上是被动关系，且动作已完成，因此应用knw的过去分词形式。故填knwn。
17．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是一种可以感知环境的技术，一旦进入目的地，就可以在没有人为干预的情况下找到自己的路。分析句子可知，空处和senses并列，作that引导的定语从句的谓语，时态为一般现在时，find也应用第三人称单数形式。故填finds。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
（2023上·北京·高三校考期中）As we all knw, the mst ppular martial arts tday 18 (riginate) in Asia. Sme Chinese fighting styles were invented ver 3,000 years ag. Many martial arts were invented 19 peple needed t defend themselves r prtect thers. Nwadays, peple learn martial arts as a way 20 (keep) fit r as a cmpetitive sprt, but they are still very useful fr self-defence.
【答案】18．riginated 19．because 20．t keep
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了武术的分类、来源以及中国武术对世界的影响。
18．考查时态。句意：众所周知，当今最流行的武术起源于亚洲。分析句子结构可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，且主语the mst ppular martial arts与riginate“起源于”为主动关系，故用过去式形式riginated，作谓语。故填riginated。
19．考查原因状语从句。句意：许多武术的发明是因为人们需要自卫或保护他人。空后“peple needed t defend themselves r prtect thers (人们需要自卫或保护他人)”是空前“Many martial arts were invented (许多武术被发明)”的原因，故此处使用从属连词because“因为”，引导原因状语从句。故填because。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，人们学习武术是为了保持健康或作为一项竞技运动，但它们对自卫仍然非常有用。a way t d sth.意为“做某事的方法”，故keep“保持”用不定式形式t keep，作way的定语。故填t keep。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
（2023·北京海淀·三模）Students applying t clleges that use the Cmmn Applicatin shuld hand in an essay f 650 wrds. That includes the essay title, ntes, and any ther text that yu include in the essay.
What Can Yu Accmplish in 650 Wrds?
Even if yu take advantage f the full length available t yu, keep in mind that 650 wrds is nt a lng essay. It’s rughly the equivalent f a tw-page, duble-spaced essay. Mst essays tend t be between three and eight paragraphs depending n the applicant’s writing style and essay strategy.
As yu plan yur essay, yu definitely want t keep the length requirement in mind. Many applicants attempt t d t much with their essays and then struggle t edit them dwn t 650 wrds. Realize the purpse f the persnal statement is nt t tell yur life stry r t give an exhaustive verview f all f yur accmplishments. Let yur list f extracurricular activities, academic recrd, letters f recmmendatin, and supplemental essays and materials shw yur range f accmplishments. The persnal statement is nt the place fr lng lists r catalgs f achievement.
T write an engaging and effective 650 wrd r shrter essay, yu need t have a sharp fcus. Narrate a single event, r illuminate a single passin r talent. Allw enugh space fr self-reflectin s that whatever yur tpic is yu spend at least sme time talking abut its significance t yu.
Again, use the essay t narrate an engaging stry. Make sure it highlights smething yu care abut deeply, and be sure t prvide a windw int yur interests r persnality that isn’t already bvius frm the rest f yur applicatin.
A Final Wrd Abut Essay Length
With the primary Cmmn Applicatin essay, yu will need t cme in at 650 wrds r fewer. Hwever, yu will find that mst supplemental essays n the Cmmn Applicatin have different length guidelines, and clleges that dn’t use the Cmmn Applicatin will have differing length requirements. N matter what the circumstances, make sure yu fllw the guidelines. If an essay shuld be 350 wrds, dn’t write 370.
Finally, keep in mind that what yu say and hw yu say it is far mre imprtant than whether yu have 550 wrds r 650 wrds. If yu’ve said all yu have t say in 500 wrds, dn’t try t pad yur essay t make it lnger. Regardless f length, the best writing will tell a cmpelling stry, prvide insight t yur character and interests, and are written with crisp and engaging prse.
21．Accrding t the passage, what might be a right thing t d while writing an essay?
A．T tell sme interesting life stries.
B．T list all the pssible achievements.
C．T shw the range f accmplishments.
D．T highlight the fcus f ne single event.
22．As fr the essay length, the applicant ________.
A．shuld fllw the guidelines.
B．can set his r her wn limit accrdingly
C．shuld make sure it n less than 650 wrds
D．can write mre than 650 wrds when necessary
23．What is the purpse f the passage?
A．T stress the imprtance f essay writing.
B．T intrduce methds f writing a gd essay.
C．T advertise a writing curse fr cllege students.
D．T remind the applicants f the length f their essay.
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了申请大学的论文的650字应该写什么，以及文章的具体长度是什么。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Let yur list f extracurricular activities, academic recrd, letters f recmmendatin, and supplemental essays and materials shw yur range f accmplishments. The persnal statement is nt the place fr lng lists r catalgs f achievement.(让你的课外活动清单、学术记录、推荐信、补充文章和材料显示你的成就范围。)”可知，写论文时，你需要显示出你的成就范围，故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据文章A Final Wrd Abut Essay Length部分“N matter what the circumstances, make sure yu fllw the guidelines. If an essay shuld be 350 wrds, dn’t write 370.(不论在什么情况下，都要确保遵守准则。如果一篇文章应该是350字，就不要写370字。)”可知，关于论文的长度，申请者需要遵守准则，故选A。
23．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Students applying t clleges that use the Cmmn Applicatin shuld hand in an essay f 650 wrds. (申请使用通用应用程序的大学生应该要提交一篇650字的论文。)”以及后文的两个小标题“What Can Yu Accmplish in 650 Wrds?(在650字内，你应该写什么？)”“A Final Wrd Abut Essay Length(论文长度的最终提示。)”可知，本篇文章主要介绍了论文的长度限制，故文章的目的在于提醒申请者所写论文的长度，故选D。
B
（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）Brian Petersn had just mved t Califrnia. Outside his apartment, a hmeless man was ften shuting n the street crner, smetimes keeping him awake at night. Petersn wuld pass the guy n his way t wrk, but they never spke.
One day, Petersn was reading the bk Lve Des when he was disturbed by the hmeless man. Inspired by the bk’s cmpassinate (有同情心的) message, Petersn made an unexpected decisin: He was ging t g utside and intrduce himself. The hmeless man was Matt Faris. He’d mved t Califrnia t pursue a career in music, but he ended up living n the street.
“It was the strangest thing t me,” Petersn recalled. “I saw beauty n the face f a man wh hadn’t shaved r taken a shwer in prbably a year. But his stry inspired me.” And even thugh Petersn, an art schl graduate, hadn’t painted in abut eight years, he asked if he culd paint Faris’s prtrait (肖像). Faris said yes.
This experience led Petersn t frm Faces f Santa Ana, a nn-prfit rganizatin fcused n befriending and painting prtraits f unhused peple. Petersn sells the prtraits, putting the incme int what he calls a “lve accunt” fr his mdel. He then helps peple use the mney t get back n their feet.
Many f Petersn’s new friends use the dnatins t secure immediate necessities — medical care, htel rms, and fd. Faris used the funds frm his prtrait t recrd an album (专辑), realizing his musical dreams. Anther subject, Sndval, wh had never been able t financially supprt her daughter, used the mney t pay her daughter’s rent.
Since Faces f Santa Ana was established, Petersn has painted 41 f all the prtraits. But there’s mre t the finished prducts than the mney they bring t smene wh’s dwn and ut. He’s discvered that the buyers tend t cnnect t the stry f the persn in the painting, finding similarities and ften friendship with smene they might have therwise steretyped (持固有观念) r verlked. “Peple ften tell me, ‘I was the ne that wuld crss the street. But I see hmeless peple differently nw,’” Petersn says. “I didn’t knw that wuld happen.”
24．Hw did Petersn feel abut the hmeless man after reading the bk?
A．Annyed.B．Amazed.C．Cncerned.D．Cnfused.
25．After talking with Faris, Petersn decided t______.
A．pay fr his rentB．recrd an album
C．g t an art schlD．paint his prtrait
26．Hw did Petersn help the hmeless?
A．He funded a nn-prfit rganizatin.B．He bught immediate necessities fr them.
C．He dnated mney t related rganizatins.D．He taught them hw t realize their dreams.
27．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Prejudice blcks dreams.B．Wealth can make peple wise.
C．Sympathy can break steretypes.D．Actins speak luder than wrds.
【答案】24．C 25．D 26．A 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了艺术家Brian Petersn如何通过肖像画帮助无家可归的人并改变他们的生活的感人故事。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“One day, Petersn was reading the bk Lve Des when he was disturbed by the hmeless man. Inspired by the bk’s cmpassinate (有同情心的) message, Petersn made an unexpected decisin: He was ging t g utside and intrduce himself.(一天，Petersn正在读《爱的力量》，这时他被一个流浪汉打扰了。受到书中富有同情心的信息的启发，Petersn做了一个意想不到的决定：他要出去介绍自己)”可知，Petersn之前一直对流浪汉的存在感到困扰，而读完这本书，他受到了书中同情心理念的影响，决定走出去向流浪汉介绍自己，并最终帮助了流浪汉。由此可知，当Petersn读完书后，他对流浪汉充满担忧。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““It was the strangest thing t me,” Petersn recalled. “I saw beauty n the face f a man wh hadn’t shaved r taken a shwer in prbably a year. But his stry inspired me.” And even thugh Petersn, an art schl graduate, hadn’t painted in abut eight years, he asked if he culd paint Faris’s prtrait(肖像). Faris said yes(“这对我来说是最奇怪的事情，” Petersn回忆说。“我在一个大概一年都没刮胡子、没洗澡的男人脸上看到了美。但他的故事激励了我。”尽管毕业于艺术学院的Petersn已经有八年没有画过画了，但他还是问能不能画一下Faris的肖像。Faris答应了)”可知，Petersn和Faris交流之后，决定为他画一幅肖像画。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“This experience led Petersn t frm Faces f Santa Ana, a nn-prfit rganizatin fcused n befriending and painting prtraits f unhused peple.(这段经历促使Petersn成立了“Faces f Santa Ana”，这是一个非营利组织，致力于帮助无家可归的人，并为他们画肖像)”可知，为了帮助无家可归的人，Petersn成立了一个非营利组织。故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“He’s discvered that the buyers tend t cnnect t the stry f the persn in the painting, finding similarities and ften friendship with smene they might have therwise steretyped (持固有观念) r verlked.(他发现，买家倾向于与画中人物的故事联系起来，找到相似之处，往往与他们原本可能刻板印象或忽视的人建立友谊)”以及全文内容可知，通过画肖像，Petersn帮助无家可归的人打破了人们的固有观念，让他们感到被尊重和欣赏。由此推知，这所有的一切都是源于Petersn最初对流浪汉的同情心。故选C。
C
（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）“When I stpped in at ur lcal turism ffice in Mntreal t ask where they wuld recmmend visitrs t g t smell, taste, and listen t the city, I just received blank stares. They nly knw abut things t see, nt abut the city’s ther sensry attractins, its sundmarks and smellmarks,” says Hwes, the directr f Sensry Studies, a grwing field ften referred t as “sensry urbanism”.
Arund the wrld, researchers like Hwes are investigating hw nn-visual infrmatin defines the character f a city and affects its livability. Using methds ranging frm lw-tech sund walks t data cllecting, wearables (clthing r glasses that cntain cmputer technlgy), and virtual reality, they’re fighting what they see as a limiting visual preference in urban planning.
“Just being able t clse yur eyes fr 10 minutes gives yu a ttally different feeling abut a place,” says Oguz Öner, an academic and musician. He has spent years rganizing sund walks in Istanbul where participants describe what they hear at different spts with their eyes cvered. His research has identified lcatins where a wave rgan culd be cnstructed t strengthen the sunds f the sea, smething he was surprised t realize peple culd hardly hear, even alng the waterfrnt.
Althugh his findings have nt been cnsidered int lcal urban plans yet, this kind f individual feedback (反馈) abut the sensry envirnment is already being put t use in Berlin, where quiet areas identified by citizens using a free mbile app have been included in the city’s latest nise actin plan.
The best way t determine hw peple react t different sensry envirnments is a subject f sme debate within the field. Hwes and his clleagues are using bservatin and interviews t develp a set f best practices fr gd sensry design in public spaces. Other researchers are ging mre high-tech, using wearables t track bilgical data like heart-rate variability t reveal different sensry experiences.
As data cllectin abut peple’s sensry experiences becmes mre widespread, many f these experts warn that cncerns abut privacy and surveillance (监视) need t be taken int accunt. Issues f fairness and inclusin als cme int play when determining whse sensry experiences are factred int planning. “Sensry awareness is nt independent r simply bilgical; whether we find smething pleasant r nt has been shaped culturally and scially,” says Mnica Degen, an urban cultural scilgist at Brunel University Lndn.
Degen cites the example f a Lndn neighbrhd where inexpensive restaurants fr lcal yuth were replaced by trendy cafes. “It used t smell like fried chicken,” she says, but newer residents fund that smell annying rather than welcming. “Nw it smells like the ppular Italian cffee, cappuccins.”
28．The underlined phrase “blank stares” in Paragraph 1 implies that______.
A．Mntreal is lacking in visual appeal
B．Mntreal’s nn-visual infrmatin is ignred
C．the turism fficers bject t sensry urbanism
D．there are t many turist attractins t recmmend
29．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Many methds are used t limit the visual preference.
B．Ptential cncerns abut cllecting data can be relieved.
C．Peple may fail t ntice sund attractins even in better lcatins.
D．Individual feedback restricts the develpment f sensry envirnment.
30．What can be inferred frm the passage?
A．Peple’s perceptins f their sensry surrundings are subjective.
B．Sensry urbanism needs t fcus n develping sensry facilities.
C．Sensry experience is dminant in shaping the character f a city.
D．Chices f sensry attractins in urban planning depend n turists.
【答案】28．B 29．C 30．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章通过介绍研究者们如何考虑城市中的感官体验来探讨城市规划中的一些新趋势和挑战。同时，文中也引用了多位专家的观点和案例来支持作者的立论。
28．词句猜测题。根据划线词组下文“They nly knw abut things t see, nt abut the city’s ther sensry attractins, its sundmarks and smellmarks,” says Hwes, the directr f Sensry Studies, a grwing field ften referred t as “sensry urbanism”.(“他们只知道看的东西，不知道城市的其他感官景点，它的声音和气味，”感官研究主任豪斯说。感官研究是一个不断发展的领域，通常被称为“感官城市主义”)”可知，很多人忽略了城市的其他感官景点，它的声音和气味，因此当我在蒙特利尔当地的旅游办公室停下来，询问他们会推荐游客去哪里闻、尝、听这座城市的声音时，我得到的只是茫然的目光。由此可知，划线词组blank stares是“茫然的目光”之意，意味着“蒙特利尔的非视觉信息被忽略了”。故选B项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段“He has spent years rganizing sund walks in Istanbul where participants describe what they hear at different spts with their eyes cvered. His research has identified lcatins where a wave rgan culd be cnstructed t strengthen the sunds f the sea, smething he was surprised t realize peple culd hardly hear, even alng the waterfrnt.(多年来，他一直在伊斯坦布尔组织“声音漫步”活动，参与者蒙着眼睛描述他们在不同地点听到的声音。他的研究已经确定了可以建造波浪风琴的地点，以增强海浪的声音，他惊讶地发现，即使在海滨，人们也几乎听不到海浪的声音)”可推知，即使在更好的地方，人们也可能不会注意到声音的吸引力。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Issues f fairness and inclusin als cme int play when determining whse sensry experiences are factred int planning. “Sensry awareness is nt independent r simply bilgical; whether we find smething pleasant r nt has been shaped culturally and scially,” says Mnica Degen, an urban cultural scilgist at Brunel University Lndn.(公平性和包容性的问题也在决定谁的感官体验被纳入规划时发挥了作用。“感官意识不是独立的，也不是简单的生物；我们是否觉得某件事令人愉快，是由文化和社会塑造的，”伦敦布鲁内尔大学(Brunel University Lndn)的城市文化社会学家莫妮卡·德根(Mnica Degen)说)”可推知，人们对感官环境的感知是主观的。故选A项。
D
（2023上·北京丰台·高三统考期中）We humans are in truble. We have let lse a new evlutinary prcess that we dn’t understand and can’t cntrl.
The latest leaps frward in artificial intelligence (AI) are rightly causing anxiety. Yet peple are respnding as thugh AI is just ne mre scary new technlgy, like electricity r cars nce were. We invented it, the argument ges, s we shuld be able t manage it fr ur wn benefit. Nt s. I believe that this situatin is new and ptentially dangerus.
My thinking starts frm the premise that all design anywhere in the universe is created by the evlutinary algrithm (算法). This is the prcess in which sme kind f infrmatin is cpied many times, the cpies vary slightly and nly sme are selected t be cpied again. The infrmatin is called the replicatr (复制者), and ur mst familiar example is the gene.
But genes aren’t the nly replicatr, as Richard Dawkins stressed in The Selfish Gene. Peple cpy habits, stries, wrds, technlgies and sngs; we change, recmbine and pass them n in ever greater variety. This secnd replicatr, evlving much faster than genes ever culd, Dawkins called memes (模仿传递行为) — and they are selfish t.
As we face up t the recent explsin in AI, new questins arise. Culd a third replicatr take advantage f the first tw? And what wuld happen if it did?
Fr billins f years, all f the Earth’s rganisms were gene machines, until, abut 2 millin years ag, just ne species — ur ancestrs — started imitating sunds, gestures and ways f prcessing fd. They had let lse a secnd replicatr and turned us int meme machines. Fllwing the same principle, culd a third replicatr appear if sme bject we made started cpying, varying and selecting a new kind f infrmatin?
It culd, and I believe it has. Our digital technlgy can cpy, stre and spread vast amunts f infrmatin with near-perfect accuracy. While we had mstly been the nes selecting what t cpy and share, that is changing nw. Mindless algrithms chse which ads we see and which news stries they “think” we wuld like. Once a digital replicatr takes ff, its prducts will evlve fr its wn benefit, nt urs.
All is nt lst, thugh. We already cpe with fast-evlving parasites such as viruses by using ur immune systems, machines and vaccines. Nw, we need t build ur cllective mental immunity, ur critical thinking and ur ability t prtect ur attentin frm all that selfish infrmatin. Taking lessns frm evlutin, we can stp imagining we are the cntrllers f ur accidentally dangerus ffspring and start learning hw t live with them.
31．As fr peple’s attitude tward AI, the authr is ____________.
A．disapprvingB．uncncerned
C．sympatheticD．tlerant
32．Accrding t the passage, Richard Dawkins may agree that ____________.
A．memes are cmpsed f selfish genesB．the speed f evlutin is underestimated
C．replicatrs vary with human interferenceD．memes and genes share a cmmn feature
33．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Technlgies can be duble-edged.
B．Cllective effrts make a better wrld.
C．We shuld live in harmny with nature.
D．Past experience is relevant t future actin.
34．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．The pace f technlgical prgress is unstppable.
B．The initiative f algrithm shuld be strengthened.
C．The new evlutin can bring abut negative effects.
D．The artificial intelligence can satisfy ur real desires.
【答案】31．A 32．D 33．D 34．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中探讨了人工智能的最新发展所带来的焦虑和人类的应对办法。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet peple are respnding as thugh AI is just ne mre scary new technlgy, like electricity r cars nce were. We invented it, the argument ges, s we shuld be able t manage it fr ur wn benefit. Nt s. I believe that this situatin is new and ptentially dangerus.(然而，人们的反应似乎是，人工智能只不过是又一项可怕的新技术，就像曾经的电力或汽车一样。这种观点认为，我们发明了它，所以我们应该能够为了自己的利益来管理它。不是这样的。我认为这种情况是新的，而且有潜在的危险。)”可知，人们认为人工智能与曾经的电力或汽车一样，不会给人类带来威胁，但作者并不赞成这一观点。故选A项。
32．推理判断题。根据第三段“But genes aren’t the nly replicatr, as Richard Dawkins stressed in The Selfish Gene. Peple cpy habits, stries, wrds, technlgies and sngs; we change, recmbine and pass them n in ever greater variety. This secnd replicatr, evlving much faster than genes ever culd, Dawkins called memes (模仿传递行为) — and they are selfish t.(但正如理查德·道金斯在《自私的基因》中强调的那样，基因并不是唯一的复制因子。人们复制习惯、故事、文字、技术和歌曲；我们改变、重组并以更大的变化将它们传递下去。第二种复制因子，进化得比基因快得多，道金斯称之为模因——它们也很自私。)”可知，理查德·道金斯认为基因和模因都很很自私。所以他会赞同“基因和模因有一个共同的特征”这一说法。故选D项。
33．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We already cpe with fast-evlving parasites such as viruses by using ur immune systems, machines and vaccines. Nw, we need t build ur cllective mental immunity, ur critical thinking and ur ability t prtect ur attentin frm all that selfish infrmatin. Taking lessns frm evlutin, we can stp imagining we are the cntrllers f ur accidentally dangerus ffspring and start learning hw t live with them.(我们已经通过免疫系统、机器和疫苗来应对病毒等快速进化的寄生物。现在，我们需要建立我们的集体精神免疫力，我们的批判性思维和我们保护我们的注意力不受所有自私信息影响的能力。从进化中吸取教训，我们可以停止想象我们是我们意外危险后代的控制者，并开始学习如何与他们相处。)”可推知，作者认为人类可以从过去战胜寄生物的经历中总结经验，从人类的进化过程中吸取教训，用来指导未来的行动，来应对人工智能这种新的威胁。所以，从最后一段中可以推出“过去的经验与未来的行动有关。”。故选D项。
34．推理判断题。根据第一段中“We humans are in truble. We have let lse a new evlutinary prcess that we dn’t understand and can’t cntrl.(我们人类有麻烦了。我们已经释放了一个我们不理解也无法控制的新的进化过程。)”、第二段中“We invented it, the argument ges, s we shuld be able t manage it fr ur wn benefit. Nt s. I believe that this situatin is new and ptentially dangerus.(这种观点认为，我们发明了它，所以我们应该能够为了自己的利益来管理它。不是这样的。我认为这种情况是新的，而且有潜在的危险。)”和倒数第二段中“Once a digital replicatr takes ff, its prducts will evlve fr its wn benefit, nt urs.(一旦数字复制器起飞，它的产品将为自己的利益而进化，而不是为我们的利益。)”可推知，作者在文中反复表达人工智能的新进化可能会给人类来带威胁，产生负面影响。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The future belngs t the flexible mind. This is the argument behind best-selling authr Lenard Mldinw’s new bk, Elastic. 35
D we need t develp a flexible mind?
Times and surrundings we live in demand a flexible style f thinking. In plitics, we nw have t cpe with mre scandals in a single year than we used t encunter in a lifetime. Meanwhile, the speed and prcessing pwer f cmputers makes it difficult fr us t navigate a landscape in which the number f websites has been dubling every tw t three years. 36 Mre imprtantly, scial attitudes are changing just as fast.
Lgical thught is an analysis that can be described by an algrithm (算术) f the kind that cmputers fllw. Elastic thught cannt. Lgical thught is slved t help us face the everyday challenges f life while elastic thught helps us succeed when circumstances change. 37 Lgical thught can determine hw t drive frm ur hme t the grcery stre mst efficiently, but it’s elastic thught that inspired us t invent the autmbile.
38 One f the abilities t flexible thinking that is difficult t cultivate is the pwer t relax ur mind and let ur guard dwn. If we are cnstantly alerted, ur ideas may have a narrw range and tend t be cnventinal.
One can als cultivate flexible thinking by adjusting ne’s external cnditins.
Studies shw that sitting in a darkened rm, r clsing ur eyes, can widen ur perspective. Lw ceilings, narrw crridrs, and windwless ffices have the ppsite effect. Being able t think withut any kind f time pressure is als imprtant when striving fr nvel ideas. 39 A shrt phne call, email r even a text message can redirect yur attentin and thughts.
Anther way we can try is t pay special attentin t ne f ur strngly held beliefs, take it seriusly and recall times in the past that we were wrng abut smething, even thugh we’d been cnfident f being right. In fact, mre generally, intrducing a little disagreement t ur intellectual interactins may als be helpful.
A．The way we use and access them is als subject t frequent “disastrus changes”.
B．It examines the ever-increasing changes we find urselves living thrugh, and the ways f thinking best suited t them.
C．Flexible thinking cmes naturally t all humans, but it may be blcked by ur ability t tune ut “crazy” idea.
D．In what way is it hard t think “flexibly”?
E．It is where ur new ideas cme frm.
F．Just as imprtant, interruptins are deadly.
G．Hw can we learn t be mre flexible in ur wn thinking?
【答案】35．B 36．A 37．E 38．G 39．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述未来属于灵活的头脑，应该培养灵活思维。
35．根据前文“The future belngs t the flexible mind. This is the argument behind best-selling authr Lenard Mldinw’s new bk, Elastic. (未来属于灵活的头脑。这就是畅销书作家伦纳德·米洛迪诺的新书《弹性》背后的论点)”以及下文“D we need t develp a flexible mind? (我们需要培养灵活的思维吗？)”可知，新书《弹性》的论点也应该和思维方式有关，所以选项B“它审视了我们所经历的不断增长的变化，以及最适合这些变化的思维方式。”切合文意，并且选项中的it指代上文的“Elastic”。故选B。
36．根据上文“Meanwhile, the speed and prcessing pwer f cmputers makes it difficult fr us t navigate a landscape in which the number f websites has been dubling every tw t three years. (与此同时，计算机的速度和处理能力使我们很难浏览网站数量每两到三年翻一番的环境)” 可推断下文都是时代，环境变化相关的，A选项“我们使用和访问它们的方式也经常发生“灾难性的变化”。紧密承接上文，并且紧扣本段变化的主题，故选A。
37．根据上文“Lgical thught is slved t help us face the everyday challenges f life while elastic thught helps us succeed when circumstances change. (逻辑思维可以帮助我们面对日常生活中的挑战，而弹性思维可以帮助我们在环境变化时取得成功)”可知，弹性思维能帮助我们灵活应对环境变化，能给我带来新的想法，选项E“这是我们新想法的来源。”符合题意，故选E。
38．设空处为小标题。根据下文“One f the abilities t flexible thinking that is difficult t cultivate is the pwer t relax ur mind and let ur guard dwn. If we are cnstantly alerted, ur ideas may have a narrw range and tend t be cnventinal. (灵活思考的能力之一是很难培养的，那就是放松我们的思想和放下我们的警惕的能力。如果我们经常被提醒，我们的想法可能会有一个狭窄的范围，往往是传统的)”可知，本段主要讲怎样培养灵活的思考能力，所以G选项“我们怎样才能学会更灵活地思考呢？”符合本段主旨，故选G。
39．根据上文“A shrt phne call, email r even a text message can redirect yur attentin and thughts. (一个简短的电话、电子邮件甚至一条短信都可以转移你的注意力和思想)”可知，列举了一些事情很容易干扰到自己的思考，对思考很不利，F选项“同样重要的是，被打断是致命的。”符合题意，故选F。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
（2023上·北京·高三北京市第十三中学校考期中）Reading is ne f the mst critical activities anyne can engage in fr his r her success in life. It is essential fr bth children and adults because it expses an individual t new things and equips them t becme effective prblem slvers.Smetimes, reading ends being a hbby t many peple, r even a career. It is frm reading that explratin arises.
Reading frms a fundamental part f self-imprvement. Thrugh it, peple becme better in understanding the wrld arund them. It is thrugh this vital activity that peple gain a deep understanding f specific tpics that are f interest t them. Fr instance, ne can read an article r any ther piece f writing n hw t imprve ne’s self-cnfidence. It is thus thrugh reading that it becmes pssible fr ne t create a structured path twards better understanding f issues and well-infrmed decisin making.
Further, reading is crucial as it helps ne t prepare t take actin. Usually, befre taking an actin n anything, ne seeks guidance and help. Guidance can be btained frm peple wh have gne thrugh similar situatins. Hwever, sme peple turn t reading as a surce f knwledge and guidance abut a situatin. In the 21st century,guidance and help ges a lng way in influencing decisin making. Fr example, ne can read n hw t ck a meal, hw t play ftball, r even the best places t g fr a vacatin. In such situatins, reading helps peple prepare befre they take any significant steps.
It is als thrugh reading that ne may gain experience frm ther peple. Since bks and ther reading materials are written by different peple frm varying backgrunds, reading expses a reader t different experiences. Thrugh such experiences, a reader may hasten their success twards a gal since they might avid similar mistakes made by ther peple. Bks cntain successes, failures, and advice frm different peple and it is assumed that life is t shrt t repeat mistakes cmmitted by ther peple in the past. In the case f success, ne might read n the best ways t make mney and avid certain mistakes alng this path. Learning abut and getting t understand peple wh have succeeded is essential fr smene wh intends t fllw the same path.
40．Accrding t the authr, why is reading essential fr bth children and adults?
41．Hw des reading help peple t prepare befre taking an actin?
42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▷ Thrugh reading, peple may learn abut different stries and experiences, s they may repeat the mistakes made by ther peple in the past.
43．Please present the benefits that reading has brught t yu and give examples.(In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】
40．Because reading/it expses an individual t new things and equips them t becme effective prblem slvers. 41．Peple may get guidance and help thrugh reading bks/frm bks befre they take actin/take any steps.
Peple may turn t reading as a surce f knwledge and guidance abut a situatin befre taking actin. 42．Thrugh reading, peple may learn abut different stries and experiences, s they may repeat the mistakes made by ther peple in the past.
Accrding t the passage, peple may read different stries and gain different experience thrugh reading and it helps peple t avid(repeating) the mistakes made by ther peple in the past.
43．言之有理即可。
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了阅读的重要性。
40．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“It is essential fr bth children and adults because it expses an individual t new things and equips them t becme effective prblem slvers.(它对儿童和成人都是必不可少的，因为它使个人接触新事物，并使他们成为有效的问题解决者。)”可知，阅读对于成人和儿童来说是必不可少的，因为阅读/它使个人接触新事物，装备他们成为有效的问题解决者。故答案为：Because reading/it expses an individual t new things and equips them t becme effective prblem slvers.
41．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Further, reading is crucial as it helps ne t prepare t take actin. Usually, befre taking an actin n anything, ne seeks guidance and help. Guidance can be btained frm peple wh have gne thrugh similar situatins. Hwever, sme peple turn t reading as a surce f knwledge and guidance abut a situatin.(此外，阅读是至关重要的，因为它可以帮助一个人准备采取行动。通常，在采取行动之前，人们会寻求指导和帮助。可以从经历过类似情况的人那里获得指导。然而，有些人把阅读作为一种知识和指导的来源。)”可知，在采取行动之前，人们可以通过读书获得指导和帮助。在采取行动之前，人们可能会把阅读作为知识和指导的来源。故答案为：Peple may get guidance and help thrugh reading bks/frm bks befre they take actin/take any steps. Peple may turn t reading as a surce f knwledge and guidance abut a situatin befre taking actin.
42．考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“It is als thrugh reading that ne may gain experience frm ther peple. Since bks and ther reading materials are written by different peple frm varying backgrunds, reading expses a reader t different experiences. Thrugh such experiences, a reader may hasten their success twards a gal since they might avid similar mistakes made by ther peple.(也正是通过阅读，一个人可以从别人那里获得经验。由于书籍和其他阅读材料是由来自不同背景的不同人写的，阅读使读者获得不同的经历。通过这样的经历，读者可能会加速他们的成功，因为他们可能会避免别人犯类似的错误。)”可知，根据文章，人们可以阅读不同的故事，通过阅读获得不同的经验，这有助于人们避免过去别人犯过的错误。由此可知，repeat应该改为avid。故答案为：Thrugh reading, peple may learn abut different stries and experiences, s they may repeat the mistakes made by ther peple in the past. Accrding t the passage, peple may read different stries and gain different experience thrugh reading and it helps peple t avid(repeating) the mistakes made by ther peple in the past.
43．考查开放性试题。题目要求：请给出阅读给你带来的好处，并举例说明。故答案为Reading gives me an insight int different aspects which are nt limited by anyne else but me. That is t say, I can btain almst any infrmatin frm bks if I want. Fr example, I can learn hw t ck a meal fr my mther’s birthday.（言之有理即可）。
第二节(20分)
（2023上·北京丰台·高三统考期中）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校将开展以“用英文讲中国故事”为主题的交流活动。请你给英国交换生Ryan写一封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 告知活动安排；
2. 发出邀请。
注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Ryan,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Ryan,
I hpe this message finds yu well. I am writing t invite yu t participate in an exciting event rganized by ur schl. The event, titled “Telling Chinese Stries in English”, aims t prmte crss-cultural cmmunicatin and understanding. It will begin at 9 a.m. n Nvember 15th. During the event, students will share their unique Chinese stries in English. We believe yur participatin wuld add a unique perspective t the event. Please cnfirm yur availability and we will reserve a spt fr yu.
Lking frward t yur psitive respnse.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于邀请信。要求考生Ryan给英国交换生写一封邮件，邀请他参加“用英文讲中国故事”为主题的交流活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
希望：hpe → wish/expect
参与：participate in → take part in
开始：begin → start
提高：prmte →imprve
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am writing t invite yu t participate in an exciting event rganized by ur schl.
拓展句：I am writing t invite yu t participate in an exciting event which is rganized by ur schl.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I hpe this message finds yu well. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] We believe yur participatin wuld add a unique perspective t the event. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句)
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