综合训练04 阅读理解B篇 2024年中考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(广东专用)（原稿版）

这是一份综合训练04 阅读理解B篇 2024年中考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(广东专用)（原稿版），共11页。
阅读理解（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
请阅读B篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
(一)
Indr and utdr gardening has becme mre and mre ppular.It helps us build a strnger cnnectin (连接) with nature and makes us feel mre relaxed.
Gardening is reprted t be gd fr the envirnment and wildlife.Gardens ffer a hme t wildlife.They als act as passages fr nature,allwing wildlife t mve frm ne place t the next._______ One study fund that gardening fr 30 minutes can be cmpared with playing badmintn,vlleyball r practicing yga.
Gardening can imprve yur md in lts f ways.If yu feel nervus r wrried,lking after plants can help t keep yur mind n smething else.Watching a seed (种子) grw int a healthy plant can make yu feel happy and satisfied.Accrding t a study,peple wh garden 2-3 times a week have a 6.6% higher happiness scre and 4.2% lwer stress level cmpared t peple wh dn’t garden at all.
Gardening is a great way t cnnect with nature and peple.When yu are new t a place,yu can get t knw yur neighbrs by sharing fruit r vegetables yu grw with them.And it is an easy way t start cnversatins and shw hw friendly yu are.Yu culd als find friends with the same hbby in the gardening club.If there’s n such club,start yur wn gardening club and invite yur friends t jin yu.
Why nt get sme fresh air and try t grw smething right nw？
( )1.What des the underlined wrd “passages” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A.Texts.B.Huses.C.Ways.D.Cars.
( )2.(信息补充题)Which f the fllwing can be put in the “_______”？
A.It is friendly t them.
B.It helps yu knw mre abut plants.
C.It makes a big difference t ur life.
D.It’s als great fr yur health.
( )3.Accrding t the study,hw d peple feel when they garden 2-3 times a week？
A.Mre stressed. B.Mre pleased.
C.Less relaxed. D.Less excited.
( )4.Hw can yu easily cnnect with yur neighbrs when yu are new t a place？
A.By sharing fruit r vegetables yu grw.
B.By inviting them t jin a club.
C.By grwing smething.
D.By having cnversatins with them.
( )5.What’s the best title fr the article？
A.Ways f Ding Exercise
B.Knwledge f Grwing Plants
C.Suggestins f Cmmunicatin
D.Benefits f Gardening
(二)
Watching vides is becming a part f ur daily life.Mst f us like t watch them t relax r kill the time.Sme vides are just fr fun,sme are news and sme are shrt films.
Tw retired (退休的) teachers are well-knwn fr making shrt vides.They make them t share knwledge.
Wu Yuren is a retired physics teacher.She has becme knwn as “Grandma Wu” by making vides.She uses a humrus and easy-t-understand way t d physics experiments (实验) nline.She is gd at using everyday tls t experience the magical wrld f science.She wants yung peple t be curius abut daily life.In this way,yung peple enjy finding ut the knwledge f science hidden in their life.Wu is mre than 70 years ld nw but still wrks hard.
Wang Pinxian is an 87-year-ld teacher at Tngji University.During the past tw years,he has used his vides t share his knwledge f the sea.He ften studies things like the secrets f the Bermuda Triangle (百慕大三角).
These vides have been ppular and thusands f peple have watched and shared them.Many fans express their thanks fr the chance t learn new things and stay in tuch with the wrld arund them.
Their vides are like “classrms withut walls”.The tw gray-haired peple have dne smething really meaningful fr sciety thrugh their actins.
( )1.Hw d the tw teachers share knwledge in Paragraph 2？
A.By giving free classes.
B.By teaching in the cuntryside.
C.By making shrt vides.
D.By ging back t universities.
( )2.What des the underlined phrase “be curius abut” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A.Be thankful fr.B.Becme nervus abut.
C.Be busy with.D.Becme interested in.
( )3.What are the tw teachers’ vides abut？
A.Science. B.Music.C.Histry. D.English.
( )4.We can knw that the tw teachers are bth _______frm the passage.
A.ver seventyB.film directrsC.shy pepleD.bk lvers
( )5.What is the main idea f the passage？
A.Shrt vides can help peple relax and kill the time.
B.Hw the tw ld peple d smething meaningful fr sciety.
C.Lts f ld peple enjy the knwledge f science.
D.Hw physics experiments can slve daily prblems.
（三）
Read the fllwing paintings by Vincent van Ggh： Café Terrace at Night,Starry Night Over the Rhne,and The Starry Night.What d these paintings all have in cmmn？ They all have stars.
Starry backdrps(星空背景)at night are ne f van Ggh’s main painting styles.Fr van Ggh,night-time was a special,almst magical time.Wrking utdrs at night helped him enter the wrld f spirits and dreams that inspired (激发) his imaginatin.He painted his first starry scene,Café Terrace at Night,n a street in Arles,France.
Sn after,van Ggh made anther painting called Starry Night Over the Rhne.In the picture,the sky is full f stars,and gas lamps frm Arles reflect (反射) ff the river.Shwing the clrs and light f the nighttime wrld was deeply imprtant t van Ggh.He wrked utside by the light f the stars and Arles.There he was able t study the scene carefully t catch its light.
The Starry Night was made several mnths later,nt frm bservatin but frm memry.Sme think the unsteady(不稳定的)lines and strng clrs in The Starry Night shw van Ggh’s mental situatin at that time.He had a mental prblem and went t live in a hspital.Thrugh his wrk,van Ggh tried t express the mystery and strangeness he nticed arund him.In fact,the wrld f The Starry Night des seem mre like a dream than real life.
Van Ggh is best knwn fr these paintings.And they make everyne wh sees them happy.
( )1.Accrding t Para.1,what d the three paintings all have in cmmn？
A.Stars. B.Light. C.Sky. D.A street.
( )2.What inspired van Ggh’s imaginatin when he wrked utdrs at night？
A.Gas lamps frm Arles reflecting ff the river.
B.The wrld f spirits and dreams.
C.The clrs and light f the nighttime wrld.
D.Studying scenes carefully t catch their light.
( )3.What des the underlined wrd “bservatin” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean？
A.Recrd. B.Imaginatin. C.Lk. D.Instructin.
( )4.Why is The Starry Night cnsidered t shw van Ggh’s mental situatin？
A.It is painted in a dream-like style.
B.The clrs and lines are unsteady and strng.
C.It was painted frm memry rather than bservatin.
D.Van Ggh had a mental prblem and was living in a hspital.
( )5. What’s the main idea f the passage？
A.Vincent van Ggh’s lve fr nighttime scenery.
B.The influence f van Ggh’s mental state n his paintings.
C.The lasting ppularity f van Ggh’s starry paintings.
D.The use f stars as a cmmn theme in van Ggh’s paintings.
(四)
The scientific methd is used fr simple experiments that students may d in the classrm r very difficult experiments that scientists are ding all ver the wrld.It is a way f thinking that helps yu t avid drawing incrrect cnclusins (结论).
There are usually fur steps in the scientific methd,including bservatin (观察),hypthesis (假设),experiment,and cnclusin.The steps may nt always be cmpleted in the same rder,but the first step is usually bservatin and asking a questin abut yur bservatin.Fr example,yu had a sick stmach,and ate a candy bar.An hur later,yu bserved that yu felt much better.Here,yu can ask a questin,such as,“What makes a sick stmach feel better？”
The secnd step is t state a pssible answer t the questin,r a hypthesis,such as “_______” A gd hypthesis includes three things： It gives an explanatin fr the bservatins,it is able t be tested,and it will usually predict new utcmes r cnclusins.
The third step is the experiment,t test the hypthesis.An experiment is a test which will either supprt r challenge the hypthesis.The hypthesis will then be prved true r false.
The final step is t think abut what happened when yu tested the hypthesis and draw a cnclusin.The cnclusin will either clearly supprt the hypthesis r it will nt.If the results supprt the hypthesis,a cnclusin can be written and yu can share it with thers.If it des nt supprt the hypthesis,yu may chse t change the hypthesis r write a new ne.
( )1.Where is this passage mst prbably frm？
A.A strybk. B.A diary.
C.A science fictin. D.A science magazine.
( )2.(信息补充题)Which sentence shuld g in the blank(空白处) in Paragraph 3？
A.A candy bar makes a sick stmach feel better.
B.The medicine yu tk an hur ag made yu feel better.
C.Eat a candy bar again,and see what happens t yur sick stmach.
D.Ask peple if eating a candy bar can make a sick stmach feel better.
( )3.What des the underlined wrd “it” in the last paragraph refer t？
A.The hypthesis. B.The cnclusin.
C.The questin. D.The bservatin.
( )4.Which f the fllwing sentences abut the experiment is TRUE？
A.It is a test t always supprt the hypthesis.
B.It des nt have t be part f the scientific methd.
C.It is a test t either supprt r challenge a hypthesis.
D.It is nly used when scientists are trying t prve a hypthesis.
( )5.Which is the best title fr the passage？
A.Fur Steps in the Scientific Methd
B.Making Gd Hypthesis
C.Hw t D Experiments
D.Hw t Succeed in Science
(五)
It is cmmnly believed that children are t yung t fully appreciate (欣赏) the experience and knwledge f their elders,while many think that ld peple dn’t understand the yung.But actually,bth grups have a lt t learn frm each ther.
James Smith runs the Smith’s Care Hme in my city.It is mainly an rganizatin fr serving the elderly.But nt all f its visitrs are ld peple.The hme als includes a childcare center fr pre-schl kids.There is a playgrund in the care hme,where the elderly can play with the kids.In this way,they can learn mre abut each ther,and respect and understand ne anther.
I think this is quite an interesting idea.Fr ne thing,we live in a wrld where there are mre and mre ld peple.The wrld is facing this prblem and its ppulatin ages (老龄化).It will be imprtant fr yung peple t be able t understand and care fr the elderly in the cming years.
Regretfully,my wn grandparents passed away when I was little.I never gt t learn what the wrld was like thrugh their eyes,r what kinds f prblems they might have faced when they were my age.T me,their lives will always be a mystery — hard t understand r explain.
Hwever,I think I can still learn frm ther peple f lder generatins (辈).I might find sme f their ideas ut f date,and they might believe that my generatin’s way f thinking is strange r incrrect.But we can still learn frm each ther anyway.
( )1.What is special abut the Smith’s Care Hme？
A.It is nly a childcare center actually.
B.The elderly lk after kids carefully there.
C.It accepts bth the elderly and pre-schl kids.
D.Children can have classes there.
( )2.In the writer’s pinin,what prblem is the wrld facing？
A.The ideas f lder generatins are ut f date.
B.The wrld’s ppulatin is drpping rapidly.
C.There are nt enugh care hmes fr ld peple.
D.There are mre and mre ld peple.
( )3.What des the underlined wrd “mystery” mean in Paragraph 4？
A.Jke. B.Drama. C.Secret. D.Symbl.
( )4.(写作手法题)Hw des the writer develp his/her idea in this text？
A.By giving examples. B.By listing numbers.
C.By raising questins. D.By making surveys.
( )5.What is the main purpse f the text？
A.T explain why the wrld’s ppulatin ages.
B.T encurage different generatins t learn frm each ther.
C.T shw that lder generatins’ ways f thinking are incrrect.
D.T understand hw the elderly take care f children.
（六）
Sheep are stupid, right? At least that’s what peple believed fr a lng time. Hwever, ur pinins n the IQ f sheep have been changing, thugh. It is fund that sheep are surprisingly clever. In fact, they have an IQ level similar t that f cws and chickens and a little belw that f pigs.
Sheep can recgnize（辨别出） clrs and shapes. They have sme level f bject permanence. This means that if yu cver up fd in frnt f a sheep, the sheep knws the fd is still there, even thugh it can n lnger see the fd. By cmparisn, human babies dn't develp bject permanence until arund 8 mnths ld.
Sheep are als very gd at recgnizing different faces. Their sense f sight allws them t recgnize phts f sheep and ther animals. And they are able t recgnize their wners, including in phts.
They can als use their sense f smell t learn abut the wrld arund them. This helps sheep find favrite fds and tell fds that may make them sick. A sheep can als use its sense f smell t tell the sheep it knws frm strangers.
Part f what makes sheep s clever is their scial interactins（社交）. These animals can use different sunds t cmmunicate different things, just like peple, cats, dgs, and pigs d. Sheep are brn with the ability t learn frm watching thers. Fr example, baby sheep that have never been bttle fed learn it quickly after watching thers being fed.
All in all, sheep are far mre clever than we thught. Science is imprving ur knwledge f sheep and their ability t learn.
1.Which f the fllwing animals has the highest IQ accrding t the passage?( )
2.Which shws that a baby has develped bject permanence?( )
A.He divides his favrite tys int several grups.
B.He recgnizes his favrite tys by their shapes.
C.He uses his hands t tuch and feel different tys.
D.He knws his ty is in a bx even if he can’t see it.
3.What des Paragraph 5 mainly talk abut?( )
A.Sheep’s cmmunicatin skills are similar t that f us.
B.Watching thers is a gd way fr animals t learn.
C.Sheep’s scial interactins make them bright animals.
D.Sheep’s natural ability t learn helps keep them alive.
4.What is the structure f the passage? （P=Paragraph）( )
5.What’s the best title fr the passage?( )
A.What are sheep gd at?B.Are sheep stupid animals?
C.Why are sheep scial animals?D.Hw d sheep tell different faces?
（七）
In March 2015, during ne f the Operatin Smile（微笑行动） activities, in a village in Ghana withut electricity and water, we met a family with twins. The by Kfi was strng with a rund face and big eyes. Hwever, the girl, Afia, was small, weak and ill.
Afia was brn with a serius cleft lip（唇裂）. She was s ill-fed that she seemed t be disappearing in frnt f ur eyes. Being brn with a cleft lip makes it really difficult, smetimes, almst impssible t eat.
Her parents, Christina and Kwame, had never seen a cleft lip befre and they didn’t knw what t d. When she was fund by Operatin Smile staff, Afia, 4 mnths ld, weighed nly 1.2 kg. A healthy child shuld weigh arund 6.4 kg at that age. Given the circumstances（情况）, the baby was rushed t a hspital in Accra, but her rad t recvery（康复） was still lng and difficult.
Afia's family knew that Operatin Smile was their nly hpe. Christina tk Afia t three medical rganizatins, but the little girl was always t ill t be safely treated. Finally, when Operatin Smile brught a medical rganizatin t Tamale in Nvember 2016, Afia gt her life-changing surgery（外科手术）.
Dr Clive Duke, a UK dctr and Operatin Smile medical vlunteer, tk Afia back int the arms f her mther. "That mment was ne f my mst unfrgettable experiences with Operatin Smile. We all had a huge smile and tears in ur eyes as we had the strng feeling that a life had just been saved," said Clive. "I felt very satisfied with ur Operatin Smile team and als happy with my wrk in helping Afia. She still needs further surgery, but the future is there fr her nw."
1.Why was Afia s small, weak and ill?( )
A.Because her cleft lip made it difficult fr her t eat.
B.Because she didn’t want t eat fd.
C.Because her brther ate mst f the fd.
D.Because her family was t pr.
2.What des the underlined wrd "they" in Paragraph 3 refer t?( )
A.the staffB.Afia’s parents
C.the dctrsD.Afia and her brther
3.What is the crrect rder accrding t the passage?( )
①Afia was fund by Operatin Smile.
②Afia was brn with a cleft lip.
③Afia was treated in Tamale.
④Afia was taken t three medical rganizatins.
A.②①④③B.②①③④C.②④①③D.③①②④
4.What is the passage?( )
A.An intrductin.B.A pem.C.An interview.D.A stry.
5.Which might be the best title f the passage?( )
A.The Cleft Lip Makes a Family in Truble
B.A Pr Girl Was Brn with a Cleft Lip
C.Operatin Smile Brings a Girl a Bright Future
D.Dctrs D Vlunteer Wrk in Ghana
（八）
As children grw up,they have a birthday every year.But in mdern China,a birthday held at the age f 18 has a special meaning.It’s the celebratin f cming f age (成年).
In ancient China,the cming-f-age ceremny was very imprtant fr yung peple.Accrding t the bk Li Ji (《礼记》),it was the symbl f their right (权利) t get married and their duty t share family respnsibilities.Yung peple cannt be called “adults” until they finish the ceremny.
At the cming-f-age ceremny,after all the guests sat in the right psitin,the parents wuld give a shrt speech.A respected (受尊敬的) elder that was chsen t hld this ceremny wuld wash hands and d the guan li r ji li in several steps.Then,the child wuld kneel n the grund and listen t his r her parents’ expectatins and wrds used t educate the child.After shwing thanks t the guests,he r she culd stand next t his r her parents as a real adult.
In mdern China,the cming-f-age ceremny in sme universities and senir high schls is getting its ppularity.Besides a traditinal ceremny mentined abve,sme yung peple may wear traditinal Chinese clthing r mdern clthing and take phts t recrd this special event.Sme chse t make a charitable dnatin (慈善捐赠).They als review their achievements t set better plans fr their future educatin,jbs r persnal develpment.
( )1.After the cming-f-age ceremny,yung peple had t _______in ancient China.
A.give a shrt speechB.have a birthday party
C.be respnsible fr their familiesD.dnate sme mney
( )2.Wh wuld d the guan li r ji li in ancient China？
A.A respected elder.B.Sme friends.
C.The parents.D.The guests.
( )3.What des the underlined wrd “kneel” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A.Stand upside dwn.B.Sit dwn.
C.Lie dwn n ne’s back.D.G dwn n ne’s knees.
( )4.What can we knw abut the ceremny in mdern China？
A.Many yung peple cnsider it as an imprtant event.
B.It is less ppular with peple than that in ancient China.
C.It is nly held in senir high schls.
D.Parents will set plans fr children during the ceremny.
( )5.What is the passage mainly abut？
A.The bk Li Ji.B.Mdern clthing.
C.The cming-f-age ceremny.D.Plans fr future.
（九）
In Lianing Prvince,a cuple spent nearly half a century turning tw pr muntains int a hme fr birds with their hands.
Tian Wangui,67,and his wife Lu Min,are villagers in Qiantian Village.They wanted t plant fruit trees t make a living.In 1982,the cuple gt the cntract rights (合同权) f tw pr muntains and started planting trees.
At first,the cuple planted sme fruit trees n part f the land.In rder t water them,they had t carry water up t the tp f the muntain by themselves.But there was little land that culd be used fr fruit tree planting.Lking at the “lnely” fruit trees,the cuple came up with a new idea—t plant mre trees t keep cmpany with the fruit trees.
When spring came,they bught sme tree seeds (种子) and planted them n the muntains.But it didn’t g well at the start.Many seeds failed t grw n the muntains because they didn’t adapt t the sil.But the cuple didn’t give up.After many tries,they fund several kinds f trees were strng enugh t live in the pr muntains.They bught these trees and planted them.
Nw,the tw muntains are cvered by ver 50，000 trees.Mre than 2，000 rare birds live in the muntains every year.Last year,Tian and Lu’s muntains have been given the name “Luling” because f their grwth and change.The jb f the cuple has als changed,frm planting trees t patrlling(巡逻)muntains.
“We lve the muntains and trees as we lve ur wn children，” said Lu.“Even as we grw ld,ur children will cntinue t prtect the muntains and keep ur dream alive.”
( )1.What was the cuple’s plan fr the tw muntains at first？
A.Plant fruit trees. B.Patrl the muntains.
C.Make a hme fr birds. D.Carry water up the muntains.
( )2.Why did the cuple decide t plant mre trees n the muntains？
A.T create a beautiful landscape.
B.T attract rare birds t the muntains.
C.T increase the value f the muntains.
D.T prvide cmpany fr the “lnely” fruit trees.
( )3.What is the meaning f the name “Luling” given t the muntains？
A.It shws the cuple’s lve fr their wn children.
B.It means the grwth and change f the muntains.
C.It refers t the jb change f the cuple.
D.It suggests the cnditin f rare birds living in the muntains.
( )4.What des the underlined phrase “adapt t” mean in Paragraph 4？
A.Agree t. B.Mve t. C.Get used t. D.Lk frward t.
( )5.What is the main idea f the passage？
A.Over 50，000 trees cver the muntains.
B.The cuple plant fruit trees n the pr muntains.
C.The cuple’s lve fr the muntains and dream f prtecting birds.
D.The cuple in Lianing Prvince turn the muntains int a hme fr birds.
（十）
We all knw the value f walking in the fresh spring weather. It allws yur mind t relax and frget abut the prblems in everyday life. Studies have shwn the advantages f being arund green spaces, including gardens, parks and frests.
But did yu knw that being arund green spaces during childhd culd have a gd influence n yur mental（心理的） health as an adult?
A study by the Barcelna Institute fr Glbal Health（ISGlbal） studied 3,600 peple frm all ver Eurpe, including Spain, the Netherlands and the UK. The vlunteers were asked hw ften they used natural spaces during childhd — fr example, playing in a garden r riding a bike in the park.
Vlunteers were then given a mental test, which included many questins and prblem-slving activities, t examine their nervusness and feelings f sadness within a fur-week perid.
The results shwed that the peple wh were mre expsed（使接触） t natural spaces had higher mental health scres cmpared t thse with lwer childhd expsure.
Researcher Wilma Zijlema wrte that the results shwed the imprtance f childhd expsure t natural spaces fr a healthy mental state in adulthd.
Accrding t the study, 73 percent f Eurpe’s ppulatin nly has pr access（接触的机会） t natural spaces. Directr f ISGlbal’s Urban Planning said, "Many children in Eurpe lead an indr lifestyle, s we want t make it pssible fr children t use natural spaces."
Nt having enugh f green spaces can influence anyne, anywhere. S remember t take time t immerse yurself in nature, as yur mental health is just as imprtant as the physical ne.
1.What was the purpse f the study?( )
A.T examine the advantages f taking a walk.
B.T understand children’s mental health prblems.
C.T see hw childhd experiences influence adult life.
D.T study the influence f childhd expsure t natural spaces.
2.What can we knw abut the study?( )
A.The vlunteers included bth children and adults.
B.The vlunteers were frm all ver the wrld.
C.It had a mental test that included many questins.
D.It paid attentin t the vlunteers' physical health state.
3.What d Paragraphs 5-6 mainly talk abut?( )
A.The results f the study.B.The value f the study.
C.The methd f the study.D.The prcess f the study.
4.What des the underlined wrd "immerse" in the last paragraph prbably mean?( )
A.Lse neself in smething.B.Understand smething.
C.Prtect against smething.D.Imagine ding smething.
5.What is the passage mainly abut?( )
A.Sme advice n hw t be clse t nature.
B.Sme ways f making gd use f natural spaces.
C.The advantage f being clse t natural spaces.
D.The imprtance f mental and physical health.