专题10 虚拟语气（教师版+学生版）---高考英语精选考点专项突破

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【命题分析】
对虚拟语气而言，主要考查其在条件状语从句和名词性从句中的运用。
虚拟语气在近年高考语法填空题型中未考查，但仍然是高中英语语法学习中的重难点。
虚拟语气
分考点1 虚拟语气用于非真实条件句
●If I were yu, I wuld read it again. 如果我是你的话，我会再读一遍。(与现在事实相反)
●We wuld have called a taxi yesterday if Harld hadn't ffered us a ride hme.
假如昨天哈罗德没有开车送我们回，我们就乘出租车回来了。(与过去事实相反)
●If it rained tmrrw, the sprts meet wuld be put ff. 要是明天下雨,运动会就会推迟。(与将来事实相反)
【特别注意】
(1)、在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，谓语动词含有had,were, shuld时，可以把if省略，将had, were, shuld提到句首，变为倒装句。
●Had yu (=If yu had)cme earlier, yu wuld have caught the early bus. 如果你早点来,就能赶上早班车了。
●Were I yu (= If I were yu), I wuld nt d it. 我要是你,就不会做这件事
●Shuld he cme（= If he shuld cme), tell him t ring me up. 他要是来了,让他给我打个电话。
(2)、当条件状语从句和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，该条件句就被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
●If yu had fllwed the dctr's advice, yu wuld be better nw.
如果你当时遵循医生的建议的话,你现在就好多了。
●If yu had spken t him yesterday, yu wuld knw what t d nw.
如果你昨天跟他谈过了，你现在就知道该做什么了。
(3)、有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄条件句。
常用的这类词或短语有:
withut((要是)没有 in case万一，以防 but fr要不是 fr fear that唯恐 therwise否则 r否则
●I culdn't have gne thrugh that bitter perid withut yur generus help.
如果没有你慷慨相助的话,我不可能熬过那段艰苦的日子。
●We wuld have put Jhn's name n the race list yesterday but fr his recent injury.
要不是约翰最近受伤了,我们昨天就把他的名字加到参赛名单上了。
●We lst ur way in that small village, therwise we wuld have visited mre places f interest yesterday.
我们在那个小村庄迷路了，要不然昨天我们就能参观更多的名胜。
分考点2虚拟语气用于名词性从句
Pint 1 虚拟语气在wish后的宾语从句中的用法
●--Where are the children? The dinner's ging t be cmplete ruined.
--I wish they weren't always late.
--孩子们在哪里?晚餐就要被(他们给)彻底破坏了。
一我希望他们不要总是迟到。
●I wish I had tld him the way t the supermarket. 我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。
●I wish yu wuld g with us tmrrw. 我希望明天你和我们一起去。
Pint 2 在表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的动词后的宾语从句中，常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“( shuld-+)动词原形”。常见的此类动词有
一坚持: insist
二命令: rder, cmmand
四建议: suggest, advise, prpse, recmmend
五要求: require, request, demand, desire ,urge
●The graduate insisted that he shuld g t wrk in the suth.
这位大学毕业生坚持要到南方工作。
●The leaders rdered that a fact-finding grup shuld be frmed. 领导们命令成立一个事实调查小组。
●Her mther suggested that she （shuld）g and see the dctr. 她妈妈建议她去看医生。
●The panel demanded that the reprt (shuld) be made public.专家小组要求公开这份报告。
【特别注意】
当 suggest意为“暗示，表明”,，insist意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，后接的宾语从句应当用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。
●His silence suggested that he agreed with my decisin. 他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。
●He insisted that he hadn't stlen the mney. 他坚持说他没有偷过钱。
Pint 3 在“It is/was+形容词/过去分词+that"句型中，that引导的主语从句使用虚拟语气，即从句
谓语动词用“( shuld-+)动词原形”或“ shuld have+过去分词”。常见的此类形容词和过去分词有
desirable值得拥有的;值得做的 advisable明智的 fitting合适的 essential极其重要的 imprtant重要的
natural自然的;正常的 necessary必要的 prper合适的 strange奇怪的 urgent急迫的
suggested建议 requested要求 prpsed建议 desired渴望 rdered命令 recmmended建议
required要求 reslved决定
●It is necessary that we (shuld) put theries int practice. 我们有必要将理论付诸实践。
●It is strange that he shuld have gne away withut telling us. 真奇怪,他竟然没有告知我们就走了。
Pint 4 表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“( shuld++)动词形”。常见的这类名词有:
advice建议 demand要求 desire渴望 idea想法 mtin动议,提议 rder命令 plan计划
prpsal提议 request要求 suggestin建议
●His demand is that the by （shuld) g with them. 他的要求是这个男孩和他们一起去。(表语从句)
●We agreed t the rder that the task shuld be cmpleted befre5' clck.
我们都同意这个命令:在五点前完成这项任务。(同位语从句)
Pint 5 在 wuld rather后的宾语从句中,从句如果表示对现在或将来的虚拟，从句用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)；如果表示对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时。
●I wuld rather I left nw. 我宁愿现在离开。
●I wuld rather yu came next mnth. 我宁愿你下个月来。
●I wuld rather he had passed the exam 我宁愿他已经通过了考试。
分考点3虚拟语气在其他句型中的应用
Pint 1 虚拟语气用于as if/ as thugh引导的表语从句和方式状语从句
●Yu treat them as if they were yur parents. 你对待他们如同他们是你的父母。(与现在事实相反)
●He acted as thugh nthing had happened. 他表现得若无其事。(与过去事实相反)
● They talked and talked as if they wuld never meet again.
他们谈了又谈,好像永远不会再见面了。(与将来事实相反)
【特别注意】
当句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。
●It sunds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。
●.He talks as if he is drunk. 从他谈话的样子来看他像是醉了
Pint 2 在It's(high/ abut)time(that)...句型中，that引导的定语从句通常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词
用过去式(did)或“ shuld-+动词原形”( shuld不能省略),意为“该是…的时候了”
●Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he did/shuld d smething instead f just talking.
杰克是一个夸夸其谈的是时候他应该去做点什么而不是仅仅空谈了。
●It is time that yu went/shuld g t bed, Tm. 汤姆,你该去睡觉了。
Pint 3 虚拟语气用于 if nly引导的条件句或感叹句
●If nly I were yunger nw! 要是现在我年轻一些该多好啊!(与现在事实相反)
●If nly yu had wrked with greater care! 要是你更细心地工作该多好啊!(与过去事实相反)
●If nly I culd g t the mn ne day! 要是我有一天能到月球上该多好啊!(与将来事实相反)
【特别注意】
nly if：意为“只有…(才)’引导条件状语句，不用虚拟语气。
●I tld him he wuld succeed nly if he tried hard. 我告诉他,只要他努力就会成功。
1．It is recmmended that the machine ____________(check) every year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．When she smiles, it lks as if the sun ____________(be) shining. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3．—Did Justine realize his fault and d smething t make up?
—I wish that I culd ________ (have) that happen, but actually he still went his wn way. （所给词的适当形式填空）
4．They ________ (reach) the agreement s easily withut that cmmn grund. （所给词的适当形式填空）
5．Had the gvernments and scientists nt wrked tgether, AIDS-related deaths ________ have fallen since their highest in 2005. （用适当的词填空）
6．________ I knwn abut his financial situatin, I wuld have helped him ut. （用适当的词填空）
7．—Yur brther has been admitted t Nanjing University?
—Yes, he deserves it. If I had wrked as wisely, that ________ (be) my destiny. （所给词的适当形式填空）
8．—Hw impressive China’s 70th anniversary f Natinal Day parade is!
—Definitely. If nly I ________ (be) n the scene! （所给词的适当形式填空）
9．Eye dctrs recmmend that a child’s first eye exam ________ (is) at the age f six mnths.（所给词的适当形式填空）
10．I ________ (abandn) my dream f becming a pianist, but fr the encuragement frm that music teacher. （所给词的适当形式填空）
11．________ it nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.（用适当的词填空）
12．The prfessr warned the students that n n accunt ________ they use mbile phnes in his class.（用适当的词填空）
13．Withut yur timely help, I culdn’t ________ (finish) the task ahead f time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14．（2022·江苏·苏州市苏州高新区第一中学—模）It’s required that at least ne ftball class ________ (ffer) each week in these schls s that they can encurage their students t actively participate in ftball training and matches. . (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．（2022年江苏常州三模）The netizens advcated mre attentin ________ (give) t the wmen’s team. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16．The manager required that the wrk ________ (finish) befre Friday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17．The wman std by the river still as if she ________ (turn) int a stne. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．They set ff fr the destinatin t late; therwise they wuldn’t ________ (stick) in the strm. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19．They wuld ________ (kill) him if he had nt defended himself. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20．It might have saved me sme truble ________ I knwn the schedule. (用适当的词填空)
21．If I hadn’t been faced with s many barriers, I ________ nt be where I am. (用适当的词填空)
22．Sme smells can make yu wish yu ________(be) back in the past, r make yu want t escape, which depends n whether the smell has a psitive r negative assciatin．（所给词的适当形式填空）
23．Hw I wish every family ________ (have) a large huse with a beautiful garden. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24．—Did yu g t the party last night?
—Yes, but I’d rather I ________ (g) there. It was s bring. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25．Tm recmmended me that I ________ (accept) the invitatin. (所给词的适当形式填空)
26．She demanded that he ________ (return) the bks he had brrwed frm her. （所给词的适当形式填空）
27．I expected t feel immediately different, as if I _________ (clse) the dr n my childhd. (所给词的适当形式填空)
28．It is recmmended that these chemicals ________(frbid) t use in the curse f prducing. （所给词的适当形式填空）
29．I wish I ________ (have) wings t rush int the clear and blue sky.（所给词的适当形式填空）
30．The assistant quickly recmmended that all the time the president________ (issue) public cndemnatin. （所给词的适当形式填空）
31．If yu________ (see) that mvie last night,yu wuldn’t be s sleepy nw. (所给词的适当形式填空)
32．On windy days, we had t hld dwn the paper n the desk, which wuld therwise________（blw）away,” he said. （所给词的适当形式填空）
33．The dctr recmmended that my brther ________ (give) up smking. (所给词的适当形式填空)
34．The fficial f the academy insisted that all buildings ________ (equip) with smke detectr. （所给词的适当形式填空）
35．I was busy finishing my paper that day. Otherwise I ________(g) there with them. （所给词的适当形式填空）
36．I wish he ________(tell) me the truth last week. （所给词的适当形式填空）
37．I felt s embarrassed when being blamed by my teacher in class. If nly I ________（cmplete）my hmewrk last night! （所给词的适当形式填空）
38．He talks abut the creatures f the Amazn rainfrest as if he ________(explre)there befre. （所给词的适当形式填空）
39．Her advice is that gd study habits ________(frm)in ne’s childhd. （所给词的适当形式填空）
40．Withut air, there ________(exist) n life n earth. （所给词的适当形式填空）
41．It's high time that we ________（apply ）urselves t the task f prtecting ur envirnment. （所给词的适当形式填空）
42．If I hadn’t taken yur advice, I ________(nt manage)t carry ut the prject nw. （所给词的适当形式填空）
43．I wuld rather yu ________ (decrate) the painting huse tmrrw afternn. （所给词的适当形式填空）
44．It’s a pity that her husband __________ (attempt) t deal with this prblem in such a stupid way. （所给词的适当形式填空）
45．The dctr recmmended that the medicine ________（take ）three times a day. （所给词的适当形式填空）
46．But fr yur instructin, I __________(nt make) such great prgress. （所给词的适当形式填空）
47．His ship was delayed because f the heavy fg yesterday; therwise I __________ (pick) him up n time. （所给词的适当形式填空）
48．—D yu want t drive ut?
—N. I’d rather we __________(take) a taxi. （所给词的适当形式填空）
49．They stared at me as if I __________(cme) frm the uter space. （所给词的适当形式填空）
50．I was caught in a traffic jam fr ver an hur, therwise, I ________ (keep) yu waiting fr such a lng time. （所给词的适当形式填空）
虚拟语气
条件状语从句谓语动词
主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反的假设
过去式(be动词一般用were)
wuld/shuld/culd/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设
had+过去分词
wuld/shuld/culd/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设
过去式或 were t / shuld+动词原形
wuld/shuld/ culd/ might+动词原形
虚拟语气
从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
对将来的愿望
wuld/ culd+动词原形
虚拟语气
从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
与将来事实相反
wuld/ culd/ might+动词原形
虚拟语气
从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式或(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
与将来事实相反
wuld/ culd/ might-+动词原形