湖北省武汉市第十一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期6月考英语试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份湖北省武汉市第十一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期6月考英语试题（Word版附解析），文件包含湖北省武汉市第十一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期6月考英语试卷Word版含解析docx、湖北省武汉市第十一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期6月考英语试卷Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共36页， 欢迎下载使用。
考试时间： 2024年6月1日7: 50-9: 50 试卷满分：150 分
第一部分听力 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共 5 小题；每小题 1. 5 分，满分 7. 5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例： Hw much is the shirt?
A. £ 19. 15 B. £9. 18 C. £9. 15
答案是 C。
1. What will the speakers d next?
A. G t the supermarket. B. Drive hme. C. Make a list.
2. What is the man ding?
A. Riding a bike. B. Driving a car. C. Checking a mtrbike
3. What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A. Strangers. B. Schlmates. C. Rmmates.
4. Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. In a schl B. In a bkshp. C. In a cleaner’s rm.
5. Hw many times was Philip tld his dinner was ready?
A. One B. Tw. C. Three.
第二节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1. 5 分，满分 22. 5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What has the weather been like recently?
A. Cludy. B. Rainy. C. Sunny.
7. What is the man’s advice t the wman?
A. Buying a new phne. B. Taking an umbrella. C. Traveling by car.
听第7 段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What happened t the wman’s stry?
A. It was cpied. B. It was lst. C. It was stlen.
9. Why is the wman advised t eat smething?
A. T avid her misfrtune. B. T cheer herself up. C. T kill her time.
听第8 段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. When will the man graduate?
A. This week. B. In a year. C. In three mnths.
11. What des the wman suggest the man d befre graduatin?
A. Brrw sme mney. B. Get a part-time jb. C. Keep studying
12. What has the wman started ding?
A. Lking fr full-time jbs. B. Wrking as a teacher. C. Applying fr jbs.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the man ding?
A. Preparing fr a meeting. B. Exercising. C. Cking
14. Hw des the wman sund at the man’s weight lss?
A. Serius B. Surprised. C. Hpeful
15. Hw des the man g t wrk nw?
A. By bike B. By bus. C. By train.
16. What will the man d t help the wman?
A. Make salads fr her. B. G jgging with her. C. Lend a bk t her.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the speaker mainly talking abut?
A. His feeling after receiving an award.
B. His experience abut traveling arund
C. His preference fr different music types.
18. Where is the speaker frm?
A. Ireland B. Sctland. C. England.
19. What did the speaker mst recently annunce t the public?
A. A single sng B. A three-sng cllectin. C. A twelve-sng cllectin.
20. Wh will speak next?
A. A yung musician. B. One f the speaker’s fans. C. The hst f the ceremny.
第二部分 阅读理解 (共20 小题，每小题 2. 5 分，满分50 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题，每小题 2. 5 分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Every event here features a nted scientist wh discusses a different csmic (宇宙的) tpic. They will be presented with a live stream t ur Science Wrld fficial website and questins can be asked in the website chat.
Black Hles
7:30 PM-8:30 PM, May. 19, 2023
Descriptin: Mst galaxies (星系) have a supermassive black hle at their center. These black hles help determine hw galaxies will develp ver time. Jin Dr. Ansel Netscher fr an utline f black hles. Yu can als explre hw supermassive black hles may decide the develpment f galaxies.
The Webb Imagery
8:00 PM-9:30 PM, May. 28, 2023
Descriptin: The amazing visins have attracted the wrld. But there’s a lng and invlved prcess by which scientists’ black-and-white bservatinal data is transfrmed int dynamic clr imagery fr the public. Jin image specialist Ralph Wilsn as he discusses the art and science f translating infrared light.
Hunt fr Distant Wrlds
7:00 PM-8:00 PM, Jun. 3, 2023
Descriptin: Since the discvery f the first planet rbiting a Sun-like star in 1995, mre than 4, 000 explanets have been fund. These widespread planet systems cnfirm that ur slar system is just ne f many in ur Milky Way galaxy. The discvery f such systems has prvided interesting insights, challenging ur views abut hw planet systems frm and develp. Jin Dr. Amanda Garcia as she describes the scientific hunt fr these distant wrlds.
Mars and Beynd
10:00 AM-11:30 AM, Jun.4, 2023
Descriptin: Will we ever reach Mars? And what will it take t travel t ther stars? Dr. Camille Lpez will meet these questins with a speech f what we can expect in the next 30 years. It’s based n what is practical and reasnable when we cnsider the bilgical, ecnmic, and philsphical cncerns that cnnect with the engineering challenges f space habitatin and explratin.
1. Interested in the develpment f planet r star system, yu can chse ________.
① Black Hles
② The Webb Imagery
③ Hunt fr Distant Wrlds
④ Mars and Beynd
A. ①④B. ②④C. ①③D. ②③
2. What will yu learn frm Mars and Beynd?
A. Prspect f space travel.B. Applicatin f art t science.
C. The rigin and future f Mars.D. Detailed plan f space habitatin.
3. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T publicize nline public lectures.
B. T cmpare events f studying science.
C. T stress the imprtance f space explratin.
D. T expand peple’s knwledge abut universe.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个网上讲座的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Black Hles部分中“These black hles help determine hw galaxies will develp ver time.(这些黑洞有助于确定星系如何随着时间的推移而发展)”以及Hunt fr Distant Wrlds部分中“The discvery f such systems has prvided interesting insights, challenging ur views abut hw planet systems frm and develp.(这些系统的发现提供了有趣的见解，挑战了我们关于行星系统如何形成和发展的观点)”可知，对行星或恒星系统的发展感兴趣，可以选择Black Hles和Hunt fr Distant Wrlds。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一部分“Descriptin: Will we ever reach Mars? And what will it take t travel t ther stars? Dr. Camille Lpez will meet these questins with a speech f what we can expect in the next 30 years.(我们会到达火星吗？去其他星球旅行需要什么？卡米尔·洛佩斯博士将在演讲中回答这些问题，讲述我们对未来30年的期望)”可知，可以从Mars and Beynd了解到太空旅行的前景。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Every event here features a nted scientist wh discusses a different csmic (宇宙的) tpic. They will be presented with a live stream t ur Science Wrld fficial website and questins can be asked in the website chat.(这里的每个活动都有一位著名的科学家来讨论不同的宇宙主题。他们将在我们的科学世界官方网站上进行直播，并可以在网站聊天中提出问题)”结合文章主要介绍了四个网上讲座的情况。可推知，文章的主要目的是宣传网上公开讲座。故选A。
B
When the need fr infrmatin technlgy service arises, it can be a stressful mment—the user is lcked ut f their cmputer, r a prgram isn’t wrking prperly. But if yu ask anyne in the MIT departments f Chemistry and Physics, r the News Office—the Institute divisins that are frtunate enugh t have Greg Waltn as their IT service prvider, they’ll acknwledge that nt nly is Waltn the best, but whatever the issue is, he will see it thrugh until all invlved are satisfied with the utcme. Waltn usually arrives n the scene with endless psitive energy that transfrms a technical annyance int an enjyable interactin, regardless f hw many ther IT fires he has already put ut that day.
The qualities that make him a star emplyee extend far beynd the campus. After spending his early years in fster care Waltn lived with his great-grandmther, but mstly, he was left t supprt himself. While many children might, understandably, lie flat under such unsupervised circumstances, Waltn excelled academically and athletically at high schl. He became the first persn in his family t graduate frm high schl, and enrlled in cllege.
Waltn seized the chance t enrll in Year Up, a prgram aiming t clse the “pprtunity divide” by prviding yung adults with the skills, experience, and supprt that will empwer them t reach their ptential thrugh prfessinal careers and higher educatin. Waltn remains an active ambassadr fr the rganizatin.
In June f 2007,armed with shining recmmendatins, Waltn was hired as a temp (临时工) at MIT.He eventually wrked his way up t where he is tday—an invaluable asset (不可或缺的人) t three departments.“I d feel lucky t wrk at MIT,” he says.“I’ve had the ability t tur the cuntry sharing my stry in hpes that sme peple may be inspired and emplyers may see yung adults with tugh backgrunds differently.”
In additin t Year Up, he is invlved with a number f rganizatins cmmitted t helping yung adults vercme their trubled pasts. This desire t have a psitive impact n peple’s lives extends seamlessly int his wrk at MIT. “Giving back is very imprtant t me,” Waltn says. “S many peple have invested their time and energy int helping me, s I feel it wuld be an injustice nt t d s.”
4. Staff members in MIT sing high praise fr Waltn mainly because________.
A. he enjys interacting with his clients
B. he knws hw t put ut fires fr thers
C. he slves prblems with a psitive attitude
D he is gd at develping cmputer prgrams
5. What d we knw abut Waltn befre he went t cllege?
A. He depended n his great-grandma fr a living.
B. He std ut in study and sprts in high schl.
C. He lay flat just like ther unsupervised children.
D. He was supprted by fster care fr better educatin.
6. Why did Waltn get invlved with a lt f rganizatins?
A. T share his trubled past with yung adults.
B. T pay back t sciety by helping yung adults.
C. T advise businesses t treat yung adults fairly.
D. T prmte educatin equality amng yung adults.
7. What can we cnclude frm Waltn’s stry?
A. One gd turn deserves anther.
B. Opprtunities favr the prepared mind.
C. Educatin is a pwerful weapn t change the wrld.
D. One’s future is defined by his effrts, nt by his rigin.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述沃尔顿，虽然小时候是在寄养家庭长大，但是一直非常努力和出色，后来成为麻省理工的临时工作人员，致力于帮助年轻人解决麻烦问题来回馈社会。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But if yu ask anyne in the MIT departments f Chemistry and Physics, r the News Office—the Institute divisins that are frtunate enugh t have Greg Waltn as their IT service prvider, they’ll acknwledge that nt nly is Waltn the best, but whatever the issue is, he will see it thrugh until all invlved are satisfied with the utcme. (但如果你问麻省理工学院化学系和物理系的任何人，或者新闻办公室——学院的部门，他们很幸运地拥有格雷格·沃尔顿作为他们的IT服务提供商，他们会承认沃尔顿不仅是最好的，而且无论问题是什么，他都会坚持到底，直到所有参与者都对结果感到满意。)”可知麻省理工学院的工作人员对沃尔顿的高度赞扬主要是因为他以积极的态度解决问题，故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“While many children might, understandably, lie flat under such unsupervised circumstances, Waltn excelled academically and athletically at high schl. (可以理解的是，许多孩子在这种无人监督的环境下可能会躺平，而沃尔顿在高中时在学业和运动方面都很出色。)”可知沃尔顿在高中学习和体育方面都很出色。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In additin t Year Up, he is invlved with a number f rganizatins cmmitted t helping yung adults vercme their trubled pasts. This desire t have a psitive impact n peple’s lives extends seamlessly int his wrk at MIT. “Giving back is very imprtant t me,” Waltn says. “S many peple have invested their time and energy int helping me, s I feel it wuld be an injustice nt t d s.”(除了Year Up，他还参与了一些致力于帮助年轻人克服他们麻烦的过去的组织。这种对人们生活产生积极影响的愿望无缝地延伸到他在麻省理工学院的工作中。“回馈对我来说非常重要，”沃尔顿说。“这么多人投入了时间和精力来帮助我，所以我觉得不这样做是不公平的。”)”可知沃尔顿参与了这么多组织是通过帮助年轻人来回报社会。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第一段“When the need fr infrmatin technlgy service arises, it can be a stressful mment—the user is lcked ut f their cmputer, r a prgram isn’t wrking prperly. But if yu ask anyne in the MIT departments f Chemistry and Physics, r the News Office—the Institute divisins that are frtunate enugh t have Greg Waltn as their IT service prvider, they’ll acknwledge that nt nly is Waltn the best, but whatever the issue is, he will see it thrugh until all invlved are satisfied with the utcme. Waltn usually arrives n the scene with endless psitive energy that transfrms a technical annyance int an enjyable interactin, regardless f hw many ther IT fires he has already put ut that day. (当对信息技术服务的需求出现时，它可能是一个紧张的时刻——用户被锁在他们的计算机之外，或者一个程序不能正常工作。但如果你问麻省理工学院化学系和物理系的任何人，或者新闻办公室——学院的部门，他们很幸运地拥有格雷格·沃尔顿作为他们的IT服务提供商，他们会承认沃尔顿不仅是最好的，而且无论问题是什么，他都会坚持到底，直到所有参与者都对结果感到满意。沃尔顿通常带着无尽的正能量来到现场，将技术上的烦恼转化为愉快的互动，不管那天他已经解决了多少其他的IT问题。)”可知文章主要讲述沃尔顿，虽然小时候是在寄养家庭长大，但是一直非常努力和出色，后来成为麻省理工的临时工作人员，致力于帮助年轻人解决麻烦问题来回馈社会。故选D。
C
Gentle sund stimulatin, als knwn as pink nise, may significantly enhance deep sleep in lder adults and imprve their ability t recall wrds, a new study has fund.
Deep sleep is critical fr memry cnslidatin. Hwever, beginning in middle age, deep sleep decreases substantially, which scientists believe cntributes t memry lss in aging. The sund stimulatin significantly enhanced deep sleep in participants and their scres n a memry test. “This is an innvative, simple and safe nn-medicatin apprach that may help imprve brain health,” said Phyllis Zee, prfessr at Nrthwestern University in the US. “This is a ptential tl fr enhancing memry in lder ppulatins and attenuating nrmal age-related memry decline,” said Zee.
Zee and a team f researchers gathered 13 adults, 60 and lder, and mnitred their sleep in a lab fr tw nights. On bth nights, the participants tk a memry test, went t bed while wearing headphnes and a special cap, and tk anther memry test in the mrning. But withut the participants’ awareness, researchers nly played pink nise int the headphnes n ne night. Mre specifically, they timed the sunds t match the participants’ slw-wave scillatins. During deep sleep, brain waves slw t abut ne scillatin per secnd, cmpared t abut ten scillatins per secnd during wakefulness. The system they emplyed in the study allwed the team t deliver a lw burst f pink nise at the “precise mment” when the participants’ slw waves rse — a pattern that is unique t each persn.
The study fund that participants’ slw waves increased after the night f sund stimulatin, suggesting that they were getting mre deep sleep. And n the mrning after hearing pink nise, they perfrmed three times better n memry tests than they did after sleeping withut any sund stimulatin.
Previus research shwed pink nise during deep sleep culd imprve memry cnslidatin in yung peple. But it has nt been tested in lder adults. The new study targeted lder individuals and used a nvel sund system that increased the effectiveness f the sund stimulatin in lder ppulatins.
The study was a relatively small ne, s further research is needed t cnfirm its findings and t study hw lnger-term use f pink nise affects sleep. But Nrthwestern has taken steps t patent the researchers’ technlgy, which seems t have hit upn a way t stimulate slw waves at the right mment. The team hpes t develp an affrdable device that peple can use at hme, frm the cmfrt f their beds.
8. The new study mainly reveals that _____.
A. deep sleep cnslidates ld adults’ memry
B. pink nise bsts memry amng the elderly
C. sleep disrders play a key rle in memry lss
D. sund stimulatin increases the length f sleep
9. The wrd “attenuating” in the secnd paragraph mst prbably means _____.
A. wrseningB. reversingC. slwing dwnD. bringing abut
10. What can be learned abut the new study?
A. It emplyed a sund system prgrammed in step with brain waves.
B. It cmpared the effects n lder adults and n yunger ppulatins.
C. It repeated the experiment several times withut the participants’ ntice.
D. It adjusted the participants’ slw-wave scillatins t match the stimulatins.
11. It can be inferred that the apprach used in the study _____.
A. may put ld adults in risk in the lng run
B. has the ptential t be applied in practice
C. requires an innvative and affrdable device
D. needs Nrthwestern’s patent fr cnfirmatin
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新的研究发现，轻柔的声音刺激，也被称为粉红噪音，可能会明显改善老年人的深度睡眠，并提高他们回忆单词的能力。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及方法。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Gentle sund stimulatin, als knwn as pink nise, may significantly enhance deep sleep in lder adults and imprve their ability t recall wrds, a new study has fund. (一项新的研究发现，轻柔的声音刺激，也被称为粉红噪音，可能会明显改善老年人的深度睡眠，并提高他们回忆单词的能力)”可知，这项新研究主要揭示了粉色噪音能提高老年人的记忆力。故选B。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“This is a ptential tl fr enhancing memry in lder ppulatins and”以及后文“nrmal age-related memry decline”可知，这是一种潜在的工具，可以增强老年人的记忆，缓解与年龄有关的正常记忆衰退。故画线词意思是“缓解”。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Mre specifically, they timed the sunds t match the participants’ slw-wave scillatins. During deep sleep, brain waves slw t abut ne scillatin per secnd, cmpared t abut ten scillatins per secnd during wakefulness. (更具体地说，他们对声音进行了定时，以匹配参与者的慢波振荡。在深度睡眠时，脑电波缓慢到大约每秒一次振荡，而在清醒时大约每秒10次振荡)”可知，新研究采用了一种与脑电波同步的音响系统。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“But Nrthwestern has taken steps t patent the researchers’ technlgy, which seems t have hit upn a way t stimulate slw waves at the right mment. The team hpes t develp an affrdable device that peple can use at hme, frm the cmfrt f their beds. (但西北大学已经采取措施为研究人员的技术申请专利，似乎找到了一种在正确的时间刺激慢波的方法。该团队希望开发一种价格合理的设备，人们可以在家里舒适地躺在床上使用)”可推知，本研究中使用的方法具有应用于实践的潜力。故选B。
D
Casting blame is natural: it is tempting t fault smene else fr a mistake rather than taking respnsibility yurself. But blame is als harmful. It makes it less likely that peple will wn up t mistakes, and thus less likely that rganizatins can learn frm them. Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whse managers pinted t external factrs t explain their failings underperfrmed cmpanies that blamed themselves.
Blame culture can spread like a virus. Just as children fear mm and dad’s punishment if they admit t wrngding, in a blaming envirnment, emplyees are afraid f criticism and punishment if they acknwledge making a mistake at wrk. Blame culture asks, “wh drpped the ball?” instead f “where did ur systems and prcesses fail?” The fcus is n the individuals, nt the prcesses. It’s much easier t pint fingers at a persn r department instead f ding the harder, but the mre beneficial, exercise f fixing the rt cause, in which case the prblem des nt happen again.
The N Blame Culture was intrduced t make sure errrs and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by emplyees as early as pssible. It riginated in rganizatins where tiny errrs can have catastrphic (灾难性的) cnsequences. These are knwn as high reliability rganizatins (HROs) and include hspitals, submarines and airlines. Because errrs can be s disastrus in these rganizatins, it’s dangerus t perate in an envirnment where emplyees dn’t feel able t reprt errrs that have been made r raise cncerns abut that deficiencies may turn int future errrs. The N Blame Culture maximizes accuntability because all cntributins t the event ccurring are identified and reviewed fr pssible change and imprvement.
The Natinal Transprtatin Safety Bard (NTSB), which supervises air traffic acrss the United States, makes it clear that its rle is nt t assign blame r liability but t find ut what went wrng and t issue recmmendatins t avid a repeat. The prud recrd f the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects n-blame prcesses fr investigating crashes and clse calls. The mtive t learn frm errrs als exist when the risks are lwer. That is why sftware engineers and develpers rutinely investigate what went wrng if a website crashes r a server ges dwn.
There is an bvius wrry abut embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same persn is at fault? Smetimes, after all, blame is deserved. The idea f the “just culture”, a framewrk develped in the 1990s by James Reasn, a psychlgist, addresses the cncern that the incmpetent and the malevlent (恶意的) will be let ff the hk. The line that Britain’s aviatin regulatr draws between hnest errrs and the ther srt is a gd starting-pint. It prmises a culture in which peple “are nt punished fr actins r decisins taken by them that match with their experience and training”. That narrws rm fr blame but des nt remve it entirely.
12. Accrding t the research published in 2015, cmpanies that ______ had better perfrmance.
A. blamed external factrsB. admitted their mistakes
C. cnducted investigatinsD. punished the under perfrmers
13. Accrding t the passage, what d yu learn abut the N Blame Culture?
A. It encurages the early disclsure f errrs.
B. It nly exists in high reliability rganizatins.
C. It enables peple t shift the blame nt thers.
D. It prevents rganizatins frm making any errr.
14. What is the majr cncern abut embracing blamelessness accrding t the passage?
A. Inncent peple might take the blame by admitting their failure.
B. Being blamed fr mistakes can destry trust in emplyees.
C. The line between hnest errrs and the ther srt is nt clear.
D. Peple wn’t learn their lessns if they aren’t blamed fr failures.
15. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. Why We Fail t Learn frm Our Own Mistakes
B. Hw t Avid Disastrus Errrs in Organizatins
C. Why We Shuld Stp the Blame Game at Wrk
D. Hw t Deal with Wrkplace Blame Culture
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了工作中的责备问题，说明工作中不能一味地指责别人。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whse managers pinted t external factrs t explain their failings underperfrmed cmpanies that blamed themselves. (2015年发表的研究表明，那些经理们指出外部因素来解释自己失败的公司表现不如那些自责的公司。)”可知，研究表明，承认自己错误的公司业绩更好。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The N Blame Culture was intrduced t make sure errrs and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by emplyees as early as pssible. (引入‘无责备文化’，确保员工尽早指出错误和不足。)”可知，“无责备文化”就是鼓励及早披露错误。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There is an bvius wrry abut embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same persn is at fault? Smetimes, after all, blame is deserved. (人们显然对信奉无可指责感到担忧。如果网站一直崩溃，而罪魁祸首是同一个人，该怎么办？毕竟，有时候，受到责备是罪有应得。)”可知，对于信奉无可指责的担忧是如果人们不因失败而受到责备，他们就不会吸取教训。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Casting blame is natural: it is tempting t fault smene else fr a mistake rather than taking respnsibility yurself. (责备别人是很自然的：人们总是倾向于把错误归咎于别人，而不是自己承担责任。但是责备也是有害的。)”等内容可知，本文讨论了工作中的责备问题，说明工作中不能一味地指责别人。选项C“为什么我们应该停止工作中的指责游戏”符合主题，故选C项。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项；选项中有两项为多余选项。
In ur mdern wrld, there are endless alternatives. Have yu ever fund yurself wndering whether yu shuld quit r stay in yur jb, accept an ffer r give it up fr anther? There is a simple and practical methd that slves this prblem.____16____When yu understand the cncept, yu have the pwer t measure every alternative with precisin and make the right decisin.
In the field f ecnmics, pprtunity cst is the value that yu have t give up when yu chse an ptin ver anther gd ptin.____17____Every time yu chse smething, yu give up ther alternatives tgether with their financial benefits. It is nt all the ther ptins, but the mst valued ne that is defined as the pprtunity cst.
____18____Take the simple example f trying t decide whether t take public transprtatin fr 80 minutes r t drive fr 40 minutes. Yu might save n the cst f gas while riding the bus but duble the trip length and miss ut n ther things yu culd have dne during that time.____19____This is hw yu create pririties in yur daily life.
Thugh useful in decisin making, the biggest drawback f pprtunity cst is that it’s ften related t what’s hard t quantify.____20____After all, putting a number t yur peaceful mind r happiness can be difficult.
Opprtunity cst isn’t cut and dried. It varies frm persn t persn. At the end f the day, yu are in charge f what yu wn and what yu want t gain.
A. It is abut finding ut the pprtunity cst.
B. Weigh the lsses and gains, and make yur decisin.
C. Opprtunity cst matters nt nly in ecnmics but als in real life.
D. This is especially true when the pprtunity cst is f nn-financial benefit.
E. The key principle underlying the idea is that there is n such thing as free lunch.
F. Mst peple verlk pprtunity cst because the benefits are usually hidden frm view.
G. It is the develpment f imprtant skills that wuld help yu mve frward in yur daily life.
【答案】16. A 17. E 18. C 19. B 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机会成本。
【16题详解】
根据上文“There is a simple and practical methd that slves this prblem.( 有一个简单实用的方法可以解决这个问题。)”和下文“When yu understand the cncept, yu have the pwer t measure every alternative with precisin and make the right decisin.(当你理解了这个概念，你就有能力精确地衡量每一个选择，并做出正确的决定。)”可知，空处提到了一个概念，就是机会成本。A项中的“the pprtunity cst”和下文中的“the cncept”对应。A项：It is abut finding ut the pprtunity cst.(这是关于找出机会成本。)符合语境。故选A。
【17题详解】
根据下文“Every time yu chse smething, yu give up ther alternatives tgether with their financial benefits.(每次你选择某样东西，你就放弃了其他的选择以及它们的经济利益。)”可知，下文举例说明机会成本的具体实施原则，选择了某样东西，就要放弃其他的选择以及它们的经济利益。E项：The key principle underlying the idea is that there is n such thing as free lunch.(这个观点的关键原则是，天下没有免费的午餐。)符合语境。故选E。
【18题详解】
空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Take the simple example f trying t decide whether t take public transprtatin fr 80 minutes r t drive fr 40 minutes.(举个简单的例子，试着决定是乘80分钟的公共交通工具还是开车40分钟。)”可知，本段主要讲述机会成本在日常生活中的应用。C项：Opprtunity cst matters nt nly in ecnmics but als in real life.(机会成本不仅在经济学中很重要，在现实生活中也很重要。)符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Yu might save n the cst f gas while riding the bus but duble the trip length and miss ut n ther things yu culd have dne during that time.(你可能会在乘坐公共汽车时节省汽油费用，但会使行程长度增加一倍，并错过在这段时间内你可以做的其他事情。)”可知，在做决定之前要权衡利弊。B项：Weigh the lsses and gains, and make yur decisin.(权衡得失，再做决定。)符合语境。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Thugh useful in decisin making, the biggest drawback f pprtunity cst is that it’s ften related t what’s hard t quantify. (虽然机会成本在决策中很有用，但它最大的缺点是它往往与难以量化的东西有关。)”可知，此处提出机会成本的局限性，结合下文“After all, putting a number t yur peaceful mind r happiness can be difficult.(毕竟，用一个数字来形容你内心的平静或快乐是很困难的。)”可知，像情绪等非经济利益机会成本难以形容。D项：This is especially true when the pprtunity cst is f nn-financial benefit.(当机会成本是非经济利益时尤其如此。)符合语境。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
I think we shuld try t find a happy memry, smething t lift us n thse unpleasant days. I’m saying this because I think I have just fund mine.
I had sme wrk in Glasgw then. I was n a really ____21____ schedule, which meant I wuld have n time fr myself all day. I was having ne f thse days, when the train was cmpletely ____22____ and the cnversatin arund me seemed t be particularly meaningless. Besides, I had a bit f headache. Walking quickly acrss the statin hall, I fished sme ____23____ frm my pcket. There was usually smene at the exit selling The Big Issue (a magazine that helps hmeless flk earn a living).
As the crwd parted ways at the bttm f the hall, I saw smene selling The Big Issue. She really lked like she had been sleeping ____24____ . Her clthes were ____25____ and she bviusly hadn’t had a scrub (擦洗) fr quite a while.
As I ____26____ the exit, I saw that she was als ____27____ frm side t side. At first I thught she was trying t keep ____28____ against the biting wind. But she wasn’t. She was mving in time t a ____29____. I culdn’t hear her, but I culd see her lips mving.
When I gt clser, I saw a white _____30_____ hanging frm her elbw and nticed that she had sunken eyes. She was _____31_____ , dirty and living n the streets. I came clser and thrugh the nise f the traffic I culd hear her _____32_____ the immrtal (不朽的) line, “... And I think t myself, what a wnderful wrld!”
I bught her last magazine fr twice what I had riginally _____33_____. She thanked me and _____34_____ her belngings and went tapping ff alng the pavement-still singing. S, I have my happy _____35_____ fr that day, and I think it will stay with me fr a lng, lng time.
21. A. enjyableB. relaxingC. tightD. tiring
22. A. crwdedB. delayedC. ladedD. crashed
23. A. cigarettesB. sweetsC. changeD. paper
24. A. cmfrtablyB. rughC. sundlyD. anxiusly
25. A. shabbyB. casualC. tidyD. fashinable
26. A. leftB. passedC. apprachedD. examined
27. A. jumpingB. climbingC. rllingD. rcking
28. A. activeB. energeticC. warmD. awake
29. A. danceB. tuneC. stepD. sund
30. A. issueB. armC. stickD. lg
31. A. deafB. lameC. madD. blind
32. A. reciteB. cmpseC. readD. sing
33. A. expectedB. chargedC. intendedD. rganized
34. A. picked upB. threw awayC. turned utD. hid away
35. A. decisinB. memryC. prgramD. design
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己的快乐回忆的经历。
21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的日程安排很紧，这意味着我一整天都没有自己的时间。A. enjyable令人愉快的；B. relaxing令人放松的；C. tight紧的；D. tiring令人劳累的 。根据下文“which meant I wuld have n time fr myself all day.”可知，我的日程安排很紧。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，火车上非常拥挤，我周围的谈话似乎特别没有意义。A. crwded拥挤；B. delayed拖延；C. laded装上，装进；D. crashed撞击。根据下文“the cnversatin arund me seemed t be particularly meaningless.”可知，人多嘴杂，所以说的话没有意义。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我快步穿过车站大厅，从口袋里掏出一些零钱。A. cigarettes烟草；B. sweets甜食；C. change零钱；D. paper纸。根据下文“There was usually smene at the exit selling The Big Issue”可知，作者掏出一些零钱，要买The Big Issue。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她看起来真的像是露宿街头。A. cmfrtably舒服地；B. rugh粗糙地，风餐露宿；C. sundly酣畅地；明智地；D. anxiusly焦虑地。根据下文“Her clthes were ____5____ and she bviusly hadn’t had a scrub (擦洗) fr quite a while.”可知，她外表看起来真的像是露宿街头。sleep rugh露宿街头。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的衣服很破旧，显然她很久没洗了。A. shabby破旧的；B. casual 随意的 C.tidy 整洁的；D. fashinable时尚的。根据下文“she bviusly hadn’t had a scrub (擦洗)”可知，衣服很旧。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我接近出口时，我看到她也在左右摇晃。A. left离开；B. passed通过；C. apprached接近；D. examined检查。根据下文“I saw”可知，接近出口时，看到她在左右摇晃。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我接近出口时，我看到她在左右摇晃。A. jumping跳；B. climbing爬；C. rlling滚动；D. rcking（使）轻轻摇晃。根据下文“She was mving in time”可知，她在左右摇晃。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初我以为她是想在刺骨的寒风中取暖。A. active活跃的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. warm温暖的；D. awake醒着的。根据上文“Her clthes were ____5____”可知，作者以为她左右移动是为了取暖。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她随着曲调有规律地移动着。A. dance舞蹈；B. tune曲调；C. step步伐；D. sund声音。根据下文“I culd hear her ____12____ the immrtal (不朽的) line,”可知她随着曲调有规律地移动着。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我走近时，我看到她的胳膊肘上挂着一根白色的棍子，注意到她的眼睛凹陷了。A. issue问题；B. arm手臂；C. stick枯枝，枝条，棍子；D. lg 原木。她的胳膊肘上挂着一根白色的棍子，更符合作者认为他是一个乞丐的形象。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她又瞎又脏，住在街上。A. deaf聋的；B. lame 瘸的；C. mad疯狂的；D. blind瞎的。根据上文“When I gt clser, I saw a white ____10____ hanging frm her elbw and nticed that she had sunken eyes.”和后文“dirty and living n the streets”可知，又瞎又脏符合语境。故选D项。
32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我走近一些，在车辆的嘈杂声中，我能听到她唱着那句不朽的歌词:“……我对自己说，多么美好的世界啊!”。A. recite背诵；B. cmpse作曲；C. read读； D. sing唱歌。根据上文“he was mving in time t a ____9____ .”可知，能听到她唱着那句不朽的歌词。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：买她最后一本杂志的价格是我原来打算的两倍。A. expected期望；B. charged收费；C. intended 打算；D. rganized组织。作者本想买一本杂志，但是这个卖杂志的人感动了作者，所以买杂志的价格是原来打算的两倍。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她谢过我，拿起她的东西，沿着人行道走着——一边还唱着歌。A. picked up开车接某人，拿起，捡起；B. threw away扔掉；C. turned ut结果是，证明是；D. hid away退隐。根据下文“went tapping ff alng the pavement-still singing”可知，她谢过我，拿起东西走了。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，我有我的快乐记忆的那一天，我认为它会留在我很长，很长一段时间。A. decisin决心；B. memry记忆；C. prgram程序；D. design设计。根据上文“I think we shuld try t find a happy memry”可知，作者有我的快乐记忆的那一天。故选B项。
第二节 (共 10 小题，每小题 1. 5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s cmmn t see a barista (咖啡师) create cffee art, but it’s a whle different ball game ding the same thing with tea. Han Zheming, ____36____ 80-year-ld Shanghai resident, has managed ____37____ (perfect) the skill, creating tea art in cups, r dian cha (点茶) in Chinese, which used t be a rutine during the Sng Dynasty (960-1279). Over the past decades, he ____38____ (use) tea and spns t create nearly 200 patterns ____39____ (base) n ancient paintings.
It’s als his intentin t bring the ld ritual back t mdern life and have mre peple appreciate ____40____ (it) charm. Dian cha in mdern brewing enhances the taste f tea, Han says. ‘‘It is similar ____41____ the fam n tp f a cup f cffee, except that it is made f tea rather than milk.”
Chinese tea culture started t enjy ____42____ (ppular) during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and flurished thrughut the Sng Dynasty, ____43____ tea had becme a necessity fr almst everyne, frm nbles and schlars t cmmn peple, just like ther imprtant items, such as rice, il and salt, as suggested by Sng plitician and thinker Wang Anshi.
____44____ (ttal) different frm the methd f brewing tea during the Tang perid, in the Sng Dynasty, the ppular way f having tea was thrugh dian cha. The actin f puring ht water ver fine pwdered tea is called dian, hence the name dian cha, which _____45_____ (list) as an intangible cultural heritage f Runzhu district, Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu prvince, in 2019.
【答案】36. an 37. t perfect
38. has used
39. based 40. its
41. t 42. ppularity
43. when 44. Ttally
45. was listed
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“点茶”的历史和韩喆明是如何完善“点茶”技术和传播“点茶”文化的。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：80岁的上海居民韩喆明设法完善了这项技能，创造了杯子里的茶艺，或中文中的点茶，这在宋朝（960年至1279年）曾经是一种惯例。分析句子可知，句中泛指一名上海居民，故空格处应用不定冠词，“80”音标的第一个音素为元音音素，故应用不定冠词“an”。故填an。
【37题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：80岁的上海居民韩喆明设法完善了这项技能，创造了杯子里的茶艺，或中文中的点茶，这在宋朝（960年至1279年）曾经是一种惯例。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“manage t d sth.”，意为“设法做成某事”，故空格处应填“t perfect”。故填t perfect。
【38题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，他用茶和勺子在古代绘画的基础上创作了近200个图案。根据句意和句中“Over the past decades”可知，句子应用现在完成时，“he”和“has”连用，“use”的过去分词为“used”，故空格处应填“has used”。故填has used。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的几十年里，他用茶和勺子在古代绘画的基础上创作了近200个图案。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“has used”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“be based n…”意为“以……为基础”，“patterns”和“base”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故空格处应用“base”的过去分词“based”，作后置定语。故填based。
【40题详解】
考查代词。句意：他还打算将古老的仪式带回现代生活，让更多的人欣赏它的魅力。分析句子可知，句中“charm”为名词，应用形容词性物主代词修饰，“it”对应的形容词性物主代词为“its”。故填its。
【41题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：它类似于一杯咖啡上的泡沫，只是它是由茶而不是牛奶制成的。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“be similar t…”，意为“与……相似”，故空格处应填“t”。故填t。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：中国茶文化在唐朝（618-907）开始流行，并在整个宋朝蓬勃发展，当时茶已经成为几乎所有人的必需品，从贵族、学者到普通人，就像宋朝政治家和思想家王安石所建议的大米、油和盐等其他重要物品一样。分析句子可知，“enjy”为动词，后接名词作宾语，“ppular”为形容词，对应的名词为“ppularity”，为不可数名词。故填ppularity。
43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：中国茶文化在唐朝（618-907）开始流行，并在整个宋朝蓬勃发展，当时茶已经成为几乎所有人的必需品，从贵族、学者到普通人，就像宋朝政治家和思想家王安石所建议的大米、油和盐等其他重要物品一样。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Sng Dynasty”，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词“when”引导从句。故填when。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：与唐代的泡茶方法完全不同，在宋代，流行的泡茶方式是点茶。分析句子可知，“different”为形容词，空格处应用副词，在句中作状语，“ttal”为形容词，对应的副词为“ttally”，意为“完全”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Ttally。
【45题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：将热水浇在细粉茶上的动作被称为“点”，因此得名“点茶”，于2019年被列入江苏省镇江市润州区非物质文化遗产。根据句意和句中“in 2019”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，句子为“which”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词“dian cha”和“list”为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，“dian cha”和“was”连用，“list”的过去分词为“listed”，故空格处应填“was listed”。故填was listed。
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节 (满分 15 分)
46. 假定你是李华，是校英语报的编辑，近日你从国外网站上了解到一种新型运动—— plgging(跑步捡垃圾)很受欢迎，请你根据在英语报上写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们积极参与。内容包括：
1.介绍plgging；
2.参与plgging的好处；
3.发出倡议
注意: 1.词数 100 左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellw students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Hua
【答案】Dear fellw students,
With the increasing ppularity f plgging, this new type f sprt where peple pick up the litter alng their running rutine is mre cmmn t see arund us. By taking part in this kind f sprt, peple can nt nly build themselves up, but als help t create a cleaner and mre beautiful cmmunity. Besides, this sprt is definitely able t raise peple’s awareness f envirnmental prtectin. Therefre, I’m here t advcate that we students shuld participate in it actively withut hesitatin t make us healthier. Meanwhile, we are suppsed t spare n effrt t make cntributins t prtecting ur envirnment. Let’s take actin.
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封关于一种新型运动——plgging的倡议书。
【详解】1.词汇积累
增加的：increasing → grwing
种类：type→ kind/categry
参加：taking part in→ jin in/participate in
不遗余力：spare n effrt t→ try ne’s best t/endeavr t
2.句式拓展
同义句
原句：With the increasing ppularity f plgging, this new type f sprt where peple pick up the litter alng their running rutine is mre cmmn t see arund us.
拓展句：As plgging is becming mre and mre ppular, this new type f sprt where peple pick up the litter alng their running rutine is mre cmmn t see arund us.
【点睛】【高分句型1】With the increasing ppularity f plgging, this new type f sprt where peple pick up the litter alng their running rutine is mre cmmn t see arund us.（运用了where引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】Therefre, I’m here t advcate that we students shuld participate in it actively withut hesitatin t make us healthier.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
第二节 读后续写 (满分 25 分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When we were finally dismissed frm the last class f the day, the students streamed ut f the classrms. It was anther bring day after schl. I dragged my feet hme as I sighed. Yet anther uneventful day, I thught. Little did I knw that the day wuld take a turn fr the wrse.
The lift lbby (电梯间) f my flat was ld and dirty. The walls, which were painted white, had been dirtied ver many years. I reached my flat’s lbby, and pressed the lift buttn and went in. Just then, Mrs Lim, my elderly neighbur, hbbled (蹒跚) in. She lked ancient with tissue paper white hair, wearing a faded ld-fashined dress. I held the lift dr pen, flashing a friendly smile, and plitely greeted her. I asked her hw she felt that day and pressed the buttns. She thanked me fr being s plite, then we were silent fr the rest f the ride.
The lift fell dwn increasingly fast. There were lud clanking sunds here and there while the lift grew slwer and slwer. My heart beat hard and fast as my hands turned cld and wet with sweat. Unfrtunately, the lift came t an abrupt stp at the fifth flr. I pressed the buttns hard several times, but it was f n help. The lights n the buttns had gne ut. It sn dawned n me that we were trapped. An icy fear crept up my spine. Mrs Lim was hysterical (歇斯底里).
“We will never get ut!” she cried with her face pale. It had becme a clurless mask. I had n time t lse. I pressed the bell in the lift immediately. The sund was surely deafening, but what ther chice did I have? Mrs Lim burst int tears. I tried my very best t cmfrt her, telling her that everything wuld be all right and that we needed t find ut hw t get ut safely. Mrs Lim began having truble breathing, and I immediately helped her sit dwn and lsened her cllar.
Paragraph 1: Several minutes passed, but n help came.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: Bang! My hpes were lifted when I heard the firefighters n the ther side f the lift dr.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Several minutes passed, but n help came. The air inside the lift grew stale, and panic started t set in. Mrs Lim's cnditin was wrsening, and I felt a sense f helplessness creeping ver me. I tried t stay calm and think f a way ut, but the situatin seemed dire. The silence was deafening, brken nly by Mrs Lim’s labred breathing and ccasinal sbs. Time seemed t stretch n endlessly as we waited fr a miracle.
Bang! My hpes were lifted when I heard the firefighters n the ther side f the lift dr. Relief flded thrugh me as I realized help had finally arrived. The sund f tls clanging against the dr signaled their effrts t rescue us. Mments later, the dr was pried pen, and fresh air rushed in. We were safe. Mrs Lim was quickly attended t by the paramedics, and I was filled with gratitude fr their swift respnse. As we were escrted ut f the lift, I culdn’t help but feel a prfund sense f appreciatin fr the fragility f life and the imprtance f helping thers in times f need.
【解析】
【导语】本文以故事发展的顺序为线索展开，主要描述了主人公放学后和邻居Mrs Lim乘坐电梯时突然电梯失去了控制，发出各种异样的声响，最终在五楼突然停下来，导致两人被困在其中。Mrs Lim的情绪逐渐失控，主人公尽力安抚Mrs Lim的恐慌情绪并帮助她解开衣领使呼吸顺畅，同时努力寻找解决困境的办法。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“几分钟过去了，但没有人来帮忙。”可知，第一段可描写随着时间的流逝，没有人来帮忙，我开始紧张起来，林女士的状况开始变遭，我想办法脱身但做不到，我们焦急地等待救援的相关细节。
②由第二段首句内容“砰!当我听到消防队员在电梯门的另一边时，我的希望到来了。”可知，第二段可描写当消防队员到来展开救援时我如释重负的心情，门被打开后，我们安全得救，林女士得到医护人员的救助，我对消防队员的迅速救援充满了感激之情的相关细节。
2.续写线索：电梯内的气氛开始紧张——林女士的状况不好——我极度焦虑——等待救援————消防队员赶到—— 我感到放松——安全获救——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
① 哭泣：sb/cry
② 救援：rescue/save
③ 帮助：help/assist
情绪类
① 恐慌：panic/fright
② 放松：relief/relaxatin
【点睛】[高分句型1] The silence was deafening, brken nly by Mrs Lim's labred breathing and ccasinal sbs. (使用了过去分词作状语)
[高分句型2] As we were escrted ut f the lift, I culdn’t help but feel a prfund sense f appreciatin fr the fragility f life and the imprtance f helping thers in times f need. (使用了as引导的时间状语从句)
听力答案：1-5 BABAC 6-10 ABBBC 11-15 BACBA 16-20 CACАC