主位推进模式在写作中的应用课件-2025届高三英语一轮复习

这是一份主位推进模式在写作中的应用课件-2025届高三英语一轮复习，共57页。PPT课件主要包含了句式主位，多重主位 ，简式主位 ，集中型，主位推进模式，平行型，延续型，交叉型，派生型，主位述位复现方式等内容，欢迎下载使用。

对主位的描写、叙述和说明。述位传达的是新信息，也是句子信息的中心
（A）Jack is a naughty by.（B）In 1949 the PRC was funded.
主位 述位
句式主位（Clausal Theme）
句式主位是由一个完整的子句作为主位的情况。这种类型的主位通常在比较复杂或信息量较大的句子中出现。例如， "What yu did yesterday surprised everyne." 中，"What yu did yesterday" 是一个句式主位。
简式主位（Simple Theme）
简式主位特点是由单一元素组成，这个元素可以是一个词、短语或简单的句子成分，这个元素通常是句子中的主语。例如， "The dg barked ludly." 中，"The dg" 是一个简式主位。
多重主位（Multiple Theme）
多重主位是由多个元素或概念组成的主位，这些元素共同构成句子的主体。例如，在句子 "Jhn and Mary went t the stre." 中，"Jhn and Mary" 构成一个多重主位。
语篇主位（Textual Theme）语篇主位包括连续成分（如: yes,n， well，h，nw等）结构成分（如:while，but等）、连接成分（如: afterthat，finally，as a result，therefre等）。
人际主位（Interpersnal Theme）：人际主位包括称呼成分（如: bysand girls，Jack等）情态成分（如:certainly，t my surprise，pssibly，等限定成分（如: can't等）wh-成分（如: when，why 等）。
概念（话题）主位：话题主位则是表述的主题和对象，如: the play。话题主位在复项主位中是不可或缺的组成部分，与语篇主位和人际主位共同构成复项主位，共有3种组合:①语篇主位―一人际主位一―话题主位;②语篇主位一―话题主位;③人际主位――话题主位。切记:穷尽复项主位的原则是直到第一个话题主位出现为止。
句式主位（Sentence Theme）
1. The tw Indians std waiting.2. On the ther hand maybe n a weekday, it wuld be less crwded .3. Frankly，the mvie was a waste f mney． 4. Hwever，yu shuld see it and make up yur wn mind．5. Hnestly，she is a charming lady．6. Therefre，yu had better make up yur wn mind．7. If the duck gives anything t my aunt．it will be that teapt．8. When rain did fall, it wuld have washed large amunts f sil int the Blue Nile and int Egypt．
Read the fllwing sentences and find themes in them
Read and find
a. The tw Indians (单项主位) std waiting(述位).b. On the ther hand maybe n a weekday (多重主位) it wuld be less crwded (述位)c. Frankly(人际主位)，the mvie(概念主位) was a waste f mney． d. Hwever(语篇主位)，yu(概念主位)shuld see it and make up yur wn mind (述位)．e. Hnestly(人际主位)，she (概念主位) is a charming lady(述位)． f. Therefre(语篇主位)，yu(概念主位) had better make up yur wn mind( 述位) ．g. If the duck gives anything t my aunt(句式主位)，it will be that teapt(述位).．h. When rain did fall(句式主位), it wuld have washed large amunts f sil int the Blue Nile and int Egypt(述位)．
Atlanta was a Greek princess. She was very beautiful and culd run faster than any man in Greece. But she was nt allwed t run in the Olympic Games. She was s angry that she said t her father she wuld nt marry anyne wh culd nt run faster than her.
When peple use wrds and expressins different frm the standard language, it is called a dialect. American English has many dialects, especially the Midwestern, suthern, African American and Spanish dialects.
T1T2 R1/R2/ Rn Tn （R1）
Frederick William I, the King f Prussia, culd never have imagined that his greatest gift t the Russian peple wuld have such an amazing histry. This gift was the Amber Rm, which was given this name because several tns f amber were used t make it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellw-brwn clr like hney.
T1 → R1 T2 → R2 Tn→ Rn
The play was interesting，but I didn’t enjy it．A yung man and a yung wman trubled me．I turned arund and lked at them，but they didn’t pay any attentin t me.
Sme festivals are held t hnr the dead r t satisfy the ancestrs, wh might return either t help r t d harm. Fr the Japanese festival Obn, peple shuld g t clean graves and light incense in memry f their ancestrs. They als light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestrs back t earth. In Mexic, peple eat fd in the shape f skulls and cakes with “bnes” n them. They ffer fd, flwers and gifts t the dead. The Western hlidays Hallween als had its rigin in ld beliefs abut the return f the spirits f dead peple. It is nw a children’s festival, when they can dress up and g t their neighbr’s hmes t ask fr sweets. If the neighbrs d nt give any sweets, the children might play a trick n them.
1.Tby and Tm are reliable students. What they tld me tday is true,therefre, they are wrthy t be trusted.2. Lily wants t visit Suzhu; Lily’s mther wants t visit Suzhu; Mary als wants t visit his windw is a big lawn. On the left f the lawn is a flwer bed. This bed is full f bks will bring us happiness, sufferings and satisfactin. Happiness, because we may feel happy when the bk has a gd ending. Sufferings, because the characters in the bk are living a hard life. Satisfactin, because we will feel satisfied that we have finished reading the bk and have entered a different mvie was very interesting, but I didn’t enjy it. A cuple trubled me. I turned and lked at them fr several times, but they paid n attentin t me.
Test fr cnslidatin
①We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. ②As scientists lk deeper int ur genes (基因), they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. ③Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. ④Cattle -raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.32. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?A. Envirnmental adaptatin f cattle raisers. B. New knwledge f human evlutin.C. Recent findings f human rigin. D. Significance f fd selectin.
语篇模式：一般——特殊修辞关系：例证主位推进分析：平行型，第一句we, 第二句scientists, 第三句peple in Ethipian highlands, 第四句cattle-raising peple。解题思路： 第一、二句为作者的观点：we are the prducts f evlutin。分析这两句可知，作者是在颠覆人们的传统认知（evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag），人类的进化也是( evlutin in just the past few thusand years)。接着作者举例peple in Ethipian highlands 和cattle-raising peple论证观点。由此可知，举例是为了向我们介绍人类进化的新知识。
①段The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?A. A new study f different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.D. Benefits frm green plants.
主/述位推进分析：并列型 第一句述位为scientific research, 第二句第三句第四句的主位分别为：recent studies, a study, in anther。都是指代的scientific research。解题思路： 从主述位分析，我们可以得知这一段主要是通过列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物对人的益处。
基于主位推进理论的五选五命题思路
每个句子之中有主位和述位之间的推进关系，这种推进称为主位推进模式。（刚那6种，其实还有个跳跃神经病式）
3. 掌握主位推进理念，文脉要畅通
语言学家普遍认为，一个句子可以划分为“主位(Theme)”和“述位(Rheme)”两大部分。主位是讲话的起点，通常是语法上的主语，一般表示已知信息。述位是围绕主位展开的部分，是对主位的叙述、描写和说明，一般表示引发的新信息。语篇的基本主位推进模式主要有5种：主位同一型、述位同一型、延续型/派生和交叉型。 在语篇中，作者的行文思路就是如何向读者一步步传递重点信息，前后句子的主位和述位按照一定的内在语言规律不断地发生联系和变化，具体表现在句子的相互衔接和信息的演化推进，已知信息引发新信息，新信息又不断地成为已知信息，并以此为出发点再触发另一个新信息，也就是通常说的“前言搭后语”。随着各句主位的向前推进，整个语篇逐渐铺开，从而文章脉络畅通。 分析已知信息和新信息是如何衔接和挂钩，可帮助学生准确地把握语篇的内部逻辑关系和作者原始的思路轨迹，有利于锁定新的信息。
1同词复现2代词3使用上义词4同义词5近义词6释义其他注意:上一句的主位 述位用作下一句的主位还位往往只取其中的一部分语义内容。
Interruptins are ne f the wrst things t deal with while yu’re trying t get wrk dne．，there are several ways t handle things．Let’s take a lk at them nw． 37 ．Tell the persn yu’re srry and explain that yu have a millin things t d and then ask if the tw f yu can talk at a different time．When peple try t interrupt yu，have set hurs planned and yu need t talk t smene，dn’t d it in yur wn ffice． yu have a dr t yur ffice， make gd use f it．
A．If yu’re busy，dn’t feel bad abut saying n B．When yu want t avid interruptins at wrk C．Set bundaries fr yurself as yur time ges D．If yu’re in the ther persn’s ffice r in a public area
①The persn wh bught the huse r mved is the ne wh thrws the party. ②The party is a chance fr friends and family t cngratulate the persn n the new hme. ③ 36 ④And it is a gd time t fill the new space with lve and hpefully presents.A. This isn't usual thugh.B. It is traditinal t bring a gift t a husewarming partyC. Yu can als bring fd r drinks t share with the ther guests.D. If yu're lucky enugh t receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.E. It als gives peple a chance t see what the new hme lks like.F. The best husewarming parties encurage ld friends t get tgether.G This was s that the persn culd keep their hme warm fr the winter.
主位推进分析：平行型，第二句、第三句、第四句的主位相同（the party- it)衔接分析：指代（it），第三句、第四句的it 均指代the party。复现（a chance）修辞关系：阐释语篇分析：叙事模式
全国卷ISecret cdes (密码)keep messages private. Banks, cmpanies, and gvernment agencies use secret cdes in ding business, especially when infrmatin is sent by cmputer.Peple have used secret cdes fr thusands f years. 36 Cde breaking never lags(落后) far behind cde making. The science f creating and reading cded messages is called cryptgraphy.There are three main types f cryptgraphy. 37 Fr example, the first letters f “My elephant eats t many eels” Spell ut the hidden message “Meet me.”38 Yu might represent each letter with a number, Fr example, Let’s number the letters f the alphabet, in rder, frm 1 t 26. If we substitute a number fr each letter, the message “Meet me” wuld read “13 5 20 13 5.”A cde uses symbls t replace wrds, phrases, r sentences. T read the message f a real cde, yu must have a cde bk. 39 Fr example “bridge“ might stand fr “meet” and “ut” might stand fr “me.” The message “bridge ut” wuld actually mean “Meet me.”40 Hwever, it is als hard t keep a cde bk secret fr lng. S cdes must be changed frequently.A. It is very hard t break a cde withut the cde bk.B. In any language, sme letters a re used mre than thers.C. Only peple wh knw the keywrd can read the message.D. As lng as there have been cdes, peple have tried t break them.E. Yu can hide a message by having the first letters f each wrd spell it ut.F. With a cde bk, yu might write dwn wrds that wuld stand fr ther wrds.G. Anther way t hide a message is t use symbls t stand fr specific letters f the alphabet.
36空后句主位出现新名词 cde breaking ,上文未曾提到过，根据主述位推进，36空述位有可能出现与该名词相关的表达，故考虑A、D。A中述位the cde bk为特指，但在上文并未出现，且语义不合适，故选D。39. “T read the message f a real cde， yu must have a cde bk.   ”39空前述位是a cde bk，根据主述位推进，39空有可能出现与该名词相关的表达，故考虑A、F，根据39空后句 Fr example， “bridge” might stand fr “meet” and “ut” might stand fr “me”. ，结合解释说明的逻辑关系及句义，确定正确答案F。
33 They were nt sure hw the Americans wuld react t the new type f music. Beatlemania hit New Yrk n February 7, 1964. Hundreds f fans jammed the airprt t greet them. 34 The cncert was bradcast live and attracted the largest ne night audience in the histry f televisin up t that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasin (入侵) by lcal and natinwide newspapers at that time. Their victry in America was still remembered as a majr turning pint in the histry f rck and rll. Thanks t the Beatles, a lt f pprtunities were pened up t new faces n the market. 35 。 A. They decided n a tur t the United States in 1964. E. Many rck bands were able t fllw in the ftsteps f the Beatles. G. They perfrmed their first cncert in America at CBS televisin’s 53rd street studi.
本段设了三空，这种情况较少见，但如果我们运用主位推进模式观察分析信息交互传递，这三空的信息还原就迎刃而解。 本段的叙述起点第33题我们不知道，但相对于第二句“They were nt sure hw the Americans wuld react t the new type f music”，我们推断作为第二句的已知信息Americans是第一句的述位（新信息），因此锁定A答案的“the United States”是主位同一型的推进模式。
2019年6月浙江高考卷
通过第34题的前一句“greet them”和后一句的“The cncert”，我们可以推断34题里有可以作为上句新信息的“they”和下句旧信息的“cncert”，因此根据延续型的推进模式，我们很快锁定G答案。
第35题的上句的述位是“new faces”，根据延续型的推进模式，行文思路很自然地演进到E选项，“Many rck bands ”主位（旧信息）与“new faces”是逻辑吻合的。
Hw t plish writing based n the thematic prgressin
老师让你现场修改同桌作文啦
The teacher walked arund the ranch, thinking that everything n the ranch seemed familiar. Mnty rganized this activity, and he recgnized the teacher first and ran t greet him.
Thinking why everything arund there seemed familiar, the teacher walked arund the ranch. At the ther side std Mnty, the wner, wh rganized this activity, and he recgnized the teacher first and ran t greet him.
After a while, the man stpped beside a black car parked n the side street. The man tried t put Kim int the car. And nw, TJ rushed ut and shuted. Hearing friend’s vice, Kim kicked and swung. The man was difficult t hld Kim.
After a while, the man stpped beside a black car parked n the side street and tried t frce Kim int the car. While this was happening, TJ rushed ut and shuted, “Stp there! Yu can nt take her!” Hearing TJ’s vice, Kim kicked and wrestled fiercely. With the little girl fighting back strngly, the man fund it difficult t hld Kim and s he
句一到句二是主位同一型；句二到句三可以看成延续型，但是用“and nw”并没有体现出上下句之间的动作先后关 系与因果关系；句三到句四为延续型，但是用“friend”一词不恰当，可以稍做修改；句四与句五在内容上是明显 的因果关系，但是句五以“the man” 作主位，使得上下句之间关系零散。
根据所给句子拓展 2~3 个句子，使得上下文衔接合理通顺。
Papa had tw hats.
Befre midnight n Christmas Eve, children will gather arund the unsld trees.
Since the utbreak f the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020, I have been addicted t playing mbile phne.
Since the utbreak f the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020, I have been addicted t playing mbile phne.
Wherever I am, I will watch Tik Tk, brwse WeChat with my mbile phne. Mbile phne has becme my clse partner, wh always stays with me. I will get very anxius easily if she is nt by my side.
Papa had tw hats
One was his Sunday hat, and the ther was his everyday hat. When his Sunday hat gt ld, he wre it every day and then bught a new Sunday hat. He wre his Sunday hat nly t church r n hlidays r when he visited the city. Mst f the time he kept his Sunday hat in a special bx.
The sellers wuld thrw each tree in turn starting with the biggest tree. Many children wuld try t catch a tree. But nly the strngest, rughest bys wuld try t catch the big trees. The littlest children waited fr the littlest trees. They screamed with happiness when they caught a Christmas tree.
P1:As the twins lked arund them in dis_x0002_appintment, their father appeared. P2：The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and wke their mther up.
Which ne i s better?
（1.1）As the twins lked arund them in disappintment, their father appeared. They were very sad when they saw their father’s cming. They asked their father fr help...
（1.2）As the twins lked arund them in disappintment, their father appeared. He was very surprised at the mess in the kitchen and said, “What were yu tw ding here?”
（1.1）The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and wke their mther up. When their mther saw the delicius and perfect breakfast in frnt f her, she was very surprised...
（1.2）The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and wke their mther up.They said, “Gd mrning, my dear mum.” and put the breakfast n the desk. Their mther was very surprised.
（1.1）We started t meet regularly t draw up ur plans. Full f respect and mdesty, I always behaved cautiusly.
（1.2）We started t meet regularly t draw up ur plans. While wrking tgether, I always behaved cautiusly, full f respect and mdesty.
基于主位推进的段落布局猜想
P1:As the twins lked arund them in dis_x0002_appintment, their father appeared. P2：The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and wke their mther up.
在孩子们失望地环视四周时，父亲来了。他站在厨房门口，詹娜马上跑上前，低着头向他叙说事情的缘由。父亲表扬了他们，来到厨房，手把手地教他们做早餐。事后，他溜回卧室睡觉，假装没有参与这件事情。孩子们将做好的早餐端到母亲的卧室，把她唤醒。母亲睁开双眼，被眼前的一切惊呆了，被 孩子们齐声的“母亲节快乐”的祝福感动得热 泪盈眶。同时，她将父亲也唤醒，与她一起品 尝孩子们做的爱心早餐，并给孩子们一个大大 的拥抱和甜甜的吻。
在孩子们失望地环视四周时，父亲来了。他驻足观望，发现灶台弄得一团糟。他强压怒火，责问孩子们究竟是怎么回事。听了孩子们的解释后，父亲被感动了。他来到厨房，手把手地教他们做早餐。孩子们将做好的早餐端到母亲的卧室，把她唤醒。母亲睁开双眼，被眼前的一切惊呆了，被孩子们齐声的“母亲节快乐”的祝福感动得热泪盈眶。父亲拿着相机记录下这暖心的一幕
Tw weeks later, she was far frm having enugh mney fr her dress. She returned sadly t Frbes Department Stre and spke t the saleswman, “I dn’t have enugh mney fr the dress fr the Festival.”Then she saw that the saleswman’s eyes were red. She seemed t have been crying. “Yu knw, the stre is clsing. I am lsing my jb. And I wuld like t make my last sale here t smene belnging t yur service club. Yu d gd wrk. I will pay the rest f what yu we s yu can have it.” Angelina thught hw much she wanted the red dress. But she remembered hw wrried her father had felt during that lng year withut wrk. She said“That is very gd f yu. But yu will need all yur mney until yu get anther jb.”“Well, I will pay t return yur mney.”Thankfully, she ran ut with the mney. Outside, a man like Santa Claus was asking peple fr mney t help pr peple. Withut hesitatin she gave the man dressed as Santa Claus several dllars.
主位推进模式如下: T1—————————→Ｒ1 T2—————————→Ｒ2
Games( T1) are bth learning and relaxatin(Ｒ1) ． Children ( T2) shuld nt bury themselves in bks all the time( Ｒ2)
主位与述位相互没有关联，衔接性差
Games ( T1) are bth learning and relaxatin fr children ( Ｒ1) ． They ( T2) shuld nt bury themselves in bks all the time ( Ｒ2) ．
主位推进模式如下: T1—————————→Ｒ1 T2( = Ｒ1) ————→Ｒ2
Hw instructive and impressive ( T1) the abve image is ( Ｒ1) ! Tw men ( T2) ，wh respnd t the same scene in entirely different ways，are prtrayed in it( Ｒ2)
主位推进模式如下:T1—————————→Ｒ1 T2—————————→Ｒ2( = Ｒ1)
Hw instructive and impressive ( T1) the abve image is ( Ｒ1) ! Prtrayed in it ( T2) are tw men，wh respnd t the same scene in entirely different ways ( Ｒ2) ．
主位推进模式如下:T1—————————→Ｒ1 T2( = Ｒ1) ————→Ｒ2
主位推进模式如下: T1—————————→Ｒ1 T2( = T1) ————→Ｒ2 T3—————————→Ｒ3
Smking ( T1) is a bad habit ( Ｒ1) ． Firstly，it ( T2) ruins peple’s health ( Ｒ2) ． Experts ( T3) have warned us fr years that smking can lead t heart disease，lung cancer and varius respiratry ailments ( Ｒ3)
T3 和前面的主位与述位欠缺联系，使得第三 句和前面句子的衔接不够紧密。
Smking ( T1) is a bad habit ( Ｒ1) ． Firstly，it ( T2) ruins peple’s health ( Ｒ2) ． Health ( T3) experts have warned us fr years that smking can lead t heart disease，lung cancer and varius respiratry ailments ( Ｒ3) …．．
主位推进模式如下:T1—————————→Ｒ1 T2( = T1) ————→Ｒ2 T3( = Ｒ2) ————→Ｒ3
Dear Jan，I am sitting here. A big lawn is utside my windw. A flwer bed is in the middle f the lawn. It was full f daffdils. Yu wuld lve it here. Yu must cme and stay. We have gt plenty f rms. Lve Sally
Dear Jan， （1）I am sitting here. （2）Outside my windw is a big lawn. （3） In the middle f the lawn is a flwer bed. （4）It was full f daffdils. （5）Yu wuld lve it here. （6）Yu must cme and stay. （7）We have gt plenty f rms. Lve Sally
用地点状语作 主位 能提供一种空间语境 与第一句的空间语境呼应 。同时这 样一 个 主位 化又 能实 现下 文 (2)、(3)、(4)句 间的连续 型主位推进模式
The cmputer （T1)is a great inventin f this century (R1)．The inventin has greatly changed Our ways f wrking and living(T2--R2)ever since the first cmputer came int the wrld (R2)．A lt f things (T3) wuld becme impssible withut cmputers(R3)．The wrld(T4=R2)wuld nt be what it is tday(R4)．
Tl→→R1 T2→→R2 T4→→R4
The cmputer(T1)is a great inventin f this century(R1)．Ever since the first cmputer came int the wrld (T2=T1)，The inventin has greatly changed ur ways f wrking and living(R2)．Withut cmputers (T3=T1)，a lt f things wuld becme impssible and the wrld wuld nt be what it is tday ．
Tl→→R1 T2→→R2T3→→R3
Hw t plish writing based n the thematic prgressin