必修一 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 语法知识+读后续写-讲义 -2025年新高考英语一轮总复习培优方案

这是一份必修一 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 语法知识+读后续写-讲义 -2025年新高考英语一轮总复习培优方案，文件包含必修一UNit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld语法知识+读后续写-筑基讲义原卷版docx、必修一UNit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld语法知识+读后续写-筑基讲义解析版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共33页， 欢迎下载使用。

Part 1 单元语法讲义--关系副词/介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
一、关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。
We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时候天气可能会更好。
D yu knw the reasn why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday?
你知道他昨天为什么没有出席会议的原因吗？
1. when的用法
when修饰时间名词，在从句中作时间状语。其先行词通常为time, day, year, week等。
I'll never frget the day when my sn was brn.
我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。
易错点：当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词不用when而用that或which。
The seasn which/that they were talking abut was autumn.
他们正在谈论的季节是秋天。
2. where的用法
where用于修饰地点名词如place, park, factry, huse等。在从句中作地点状语，相当于介词+which。
Nwadays peple are mre cncerned abut the envirnment where they live.
现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。
b.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：pint， situatin， case， stage， family等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。
Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities where they can gain experience fr grwth.
学生应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。
Remember that there is still ne pint that/which we must make clear at the cnference tmrrw.
记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。
She's in a hpeless situatin，where we will keep a very clse eye n her.
她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。
c.先行词ccasin当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。
Please describe an ccasin where yu met real difficulties.
请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。
Occasins are rare when I have the time t spend a day with my kids.
我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。
3. why的用法
why相当于fr which, 在从句中作原因状语，但若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，定语从句要用that或which引导。
Can yu tell me the reasn why(=fr which) yu are late again?
你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？
The bss desn’t want t hear any reasn (that/which) yu might give.
老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。
二、关系副词/介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
1 关系代词的确定
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whm。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whm。
This is the train n which I went t Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。
This is the student fr whm I bught the dictinary.
这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。
介词一般放在关系代词which和whm之前，如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。
My yungest brther，whm I have t lk after，is demanding.
我得照看我最小的弟弟，他真是让人费神。
2 关系代词前介词的确定
依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。
The fellw t whm I spke made n answer at first.
我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak t)
The West Lake, fr which Hangzhu is famus, is a beautiful place.
西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州因此而闻名。(be famus fr)
根据先行词来确定。
I'll never frget the time during which I spent my childhd in the cuntry.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)
Air, withut which man can't live, is really imprtant.
空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(withut air)
3 “名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构
此类结构常见的有“sme/many/mst/all/nne＋f＋which/whm”等。
Here are the questins, sme f which I think are difficult fr yu.
问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。
He has three sns, nne f whm are dctrs.
他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。
4 “复合介词短语＋关系代词which”
从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big huse, in frnt f which std a big tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。
5 “介词＋which/whm＋不定式”
The pr man has n huse in which t live.
→The pr man has n huse t live in.
→The pr man has n huse in which he can live.
那个穷人没房子住。
有时为表达清楚，也可以在关系副词where/when前加介词frm/t等，平时也应掌握，但非高考重点。
China is the birthplace f kites，frm where kite flying spreads t Japan，Thailand，India and s n.
中国是风筝的发源地，从这里，放风筝传到了日本、泰国、印度等国家。
Part 2 读后续写素材积累
牙齿、下巴和胸膛
tth牙齿
Her lips parted, revealing a flash f white teeth.她嘴唇轻启，露出一口洁白的牙齿。
His sparkling white teeth shwed thrugh his beautiful smile.在迷人的笑容中，他露出了洁白的牙齿。
She had very pretty straight teeth. 她有一口漂亮、整齐的牙齿。
Chin 下巴
He had clear blue eyes and a jutting chin. 他有一双清激的蓝眼睛和一个突出的下巴
Bth f their chins were dtted with beads f sweat.他们两人的下巴上尽是汗珠。
Jack jutted （使突出，伸出）his chin frward and did nt answer the teacher.Jack 下巴扬得高高的，没有回答老师的问题。
There he std: hair in wild tangles, dark stubble (胡子茬) shadwing his chin.他站在那儿，头发乱成一团，下巴上一片黑胡茬。
Chest胸膛
He fell back int the water, his breath rasping （发出刺耳的声音）in his heaving (强烈而有节奏地)他仰面跌进了水中，胸部起伏，呼吸急促。
His athletic chest expanded, taking in a lungful f much needed xygen.他健壮的胸部向外扩大，吸进一大口急需的氧气。
His chest heaves with every breath. 他的胸脯随着呼吸起伏。
His chest swelled (使凸出，鼓起) with pride as he accepted the award.他领奖时骄傲地挺起胸脯。
二、嘴巴、脸颊、鼻子
Muth嘴巴
A smile played arund his muth. 他嘴上挂着微笑。
A tight muth was the nly sign f her nerves. 紧闭的嘴是她紧张的唯一迹象。
Chris lked ver at her, his muth grinning with satisfactin.Chris 看着她，满意的咧嘴笑了。
He wiped his greasy（多油的）muth n his sleeve. 他用袖子擦了擦油膩的嘴。
Her muth curved int a smile。她嘴角一弯，微笑了。
Her muth suddenly set in a determined line. 她的嘴突然绷成一条坚定的线。
My muth started watering when I smelled the fd.闻到食物的味道，我就流口水了。
The crners f her muth turned up in a slight smile. 她嘴角上扬，微微一笑。
There was bld trickling (滴，淌) frm the crner f his muth.鲜血从他的嘴角流了出来。
Frm ne crner f her muth flwed a stream f fresh bld.从她的一个嘴角流下一道鲜血。
Cheeks脸烦
Gergina sftly rubbed the newbrn's cherubic （天使般纯真的）cheeks.Gergina 轻轻地摸了摸新生儿那娇嫩的脸颊。
He lked yung, dark and sharp-featured, with hllw（ 凹陷的）cheeks.他看起米很年轻，肤色勁黑，五官分明，双烦四陷。
He puffed ut his fat cheeks and let ut a lungful f steamy breath他鼓起胖乎乎的腮糖子，呼出了一大口热气。4. She had bright, rsy cheeks. 她的脸庞红润、有光泽。
The children had glwing cheeks after race.孩子们跑完步后脸蛋儿红通通的。
When she thught f this, she felt her cheeks burning ht as if the effect f the wine were still upn her.她想到这点就两颊绯红，好像酒力未消一样。
Nse鼻子
His bleeding nse dripped all ver the kitchen flr.他的鼻血滴得厨房地板上哪儿都是。
My nse is bunged （鼻塞的）up with a cld.我因伤风而鼻子不通。
She was weeping quite ludly and her nse was running.她很大声地哭着，流着鼻涕。
三、眼睛、眉毛、嘴唇
Eye 眼睛
When her eyes lked up, they were very large, dd, and attractive.她抬起眼来的时候，眼睛很大、很特别、很动人。
Dark circles lay rund her eyes. 她眼睛周围有黑眼圈。
Her big eyes were shaded by lng black lashes（睫毛），curving backward in a mst peculiar way.她那黑黑的长睫毛非常别致地朝上弯曲着，掩映着一双大眼睛。
Her arched(拱形的)brws accentuate（强调，使突出）the beauty f her eyes.她那弯弯的眉毛使她的眼睛显得更加美丽。
The bject was a blur（模糊形状）t her sleeping eyes.在她的惺忪睡眼看来，那个东西一片模糊。
Her eyes were sparkling like diamnds. 她的眼睛像钻石一样闪闪发光。
Eyebrw眉毛
His eyebrws bushed tgether. 他的眉毛浓密。
She had attractive angular（有楼角的）eyebrws which framed （给...做框 ) her deep blue eyes.她有一双迷人的有棱有角的眉毛，衬托出她深蓝色的眼睛。
Helen raised her brws in surprise at his bldness.Helen抬了抬眉毛，对他的大胆感到惊讶。
Luke's dark eyebrws lwered questiningly. Luke 疑恐地垂下他的黑眉毛。
Her lips are all pale. 她的嘴唇惨白。
Ryan had a bldied lip which he explained he gt frm a scuffle (小扭打，冲突) with Tm.Ryan 的嘴唇在流血，他解释说是和 Tm 扭打的结果。
There was a slight smile n her lips. 她嘴唇上泛起一抹徽笑。
Her lips parted with a cry f fear. 她恐惧地张嘴喊叫。
四、前额脸和面容
Frehead 额头
A line f sweat brke ut n her frehead and she thught she might faint.她的额头上冒出一串汗珠，她以为自己可能会晕过去。
Bld rained dwn frm a deep gash in his frehead.他额头上一道深深的伤口血流如注。
His frehead was dripping with perspiratin（汗）．他额头在淌汗。
It was a ht July mrning, and perspiratin glistened n his frehead.那是一个炎热的七月的早晨，汗珠在他的额上闪闪发光。
5.The sweat std in beads(液体的小珠，小滴）upn his frehead. 他额上冒着汗珠。
6. Linda had a strngly defined chin, a high frehead, and light grey eyes.Linda 有着轮廊分明的下巴、高高的额头和一双浅灰色的眼睛。
7.Lking at her, Jack's frehead kntted in a frwn. Jack 注视着她，眉头紧锁。
8.Her stmach gurgled（发汩汩声）and little beads f perspiratin frmed n her frehead.她的胃咯咯作响，小汗珠涌现在她的前额。
9.She stepped int the rm trembling, cld perspiratin n her frehead.她走进房间，颤抖不已，额头冒出冷汗。10. She fell against ur table and gt a large bump n her frehead.她倒地时撞到我们的桌子上，额头起了个大包。11. Sme deep wrinkles furrw （使起皱纹 ) his lwer frehead.他额头下方出现了几道深深的皱纹。
Face & Features 脸和面容
1.He had a large, square face, with strngly prnunced eyebrws and check bnes.他有一张大大的方脸，眉毛很重，颧骨突出。
2.His face was blue frm the cld. 他的脸冻得发紫。
3. Her face is already lined with the cares f dmestic life.她因家事操劳，脸上已经起了皱纹。
4.It was still pssible t see in her face smething f the freshness and prettiness f her yuth.在她脸上仍能看到一点她年轻时的娇艳和美貌。
5.His sunburnt face was the picture f health.他那张晒黑的脸表明他很健康。
6. She had lst much f the rundness f her face, her skin had lst its yuth, and her hair was thinner.她往日丰润的脸庞消瘦多了，皮肤失去了青春的光泽，头发也不那么浓密了。
7.She was fine and very pretty, with a face full f expressin.她生得清秀，非常美，有一张表情丰富的脸。
五、人体部位
Hair & Beard
1.A light wind passed his brw, fanning sftly his uncmbed hair and stirring silver pints f anxiety in his eyes.微风掠过他的额头，轻拂着他那未经梳理的头发，使焦灼不安的银光在他的眼睛里晃动。
2.As she bent frward, her fine black hair fell ver her cheek.她身子前倾时，秀美的黑发倾泻到她的脸颊上。3.Blnd hair runs in her family.她全家人都长着金发。
4.Dad lked s handsme, his black hair cmbed back like Elvis Presley's, a huge grin acrss his face.爸爸看起来很英俊。他的黑发像 Elvis Presley(貓王）那样梳成大背头，脸上挂着大大的笑容。
5.He had a crp f blnd hair and radiant green eyes.他留着金色的平头短发，有一双明亮的绿色眼睛。
6. He had a high frehead and wre spectacles （眼镜)and a slight beard.他额头很高，戴眼镜，留了一些胡子。7.He had brilliant blue eyes, shrt blnde hair, and a well-defined jaw that made her spellbund.他有着明亮的蓝眼睛、金色短发和棱角分明的下巴，这一切都让她入迷。
8.He is a shrt fat man with n hair n his head. 他是一个矮胖的光头男人。
9.He was a man f small stature, with hair blanched rather by suffering and srrw than by age.他是个身材瘦小的人，头发已经灰白------那大概是受苦和忧虑的结果，而不是年龄的原因。
10. Her hair flws dwn her back. 她的头发垂在背后。
11.Her hair ripples in the spring breeze. 她的头发在春风中像波浪般飘动。
12.Her hair was gray, her clthes ragged. 她头发花白，衣服破烂。
13.Her light brwn hair was hanging lse abut her neck.她那淡棕色的头发披散在脖子上。
14. Her lng fair hair fell untidily ver her shulders.她那长长的浅色色头发凌乱地披在肩上。
15.Her lng, fine hair was swept back in a pnytail.她秀美的长发在脑后梳成了马尾辫。
16.Her shulder-length hair spilled ver her face. 她的齐肩长发散落在脸上。
17.Her thick curly black hair was twisted int a knt n her neck.她那浓密的黑色卷发在后脑勺上盘成一个髻。18. Her waist was small, her hair full and jet-black,her eyes liquid and her eyebrws drawnut tward her temples（太阳穴，鬓角）。她腰肢纤细，头发浓密、漆黑，两眼如秋水般明丽，双眉画入两鬓。
19.His black hair was ging gray. 他的黑发开始变白了。
20. His face was very red, his hat was n the back f his head. his hair was wildly rumpled（ 弄乱）.他的脸涨得通红，帽子向后斜戴着，头发也乱成一团。
21.His hair is thick, and black as a raven. 他的头发乌黑浓密。
22. Lily caught a lck f her hair and twirled（使旋转，缠绕)it arund her finger.Lily抓住一绺头发，绕着手指转圈。22.Little curls clustered rund her frehead.她额前留着小卷发。
23. She came, her hair streaming behind her. 她来了，头发在背后飘荡着。
24. She had a fine head f chestnut （粟色的，红棕色的）hair.她有一头栗色的秀发。
25.She has a lng glden pnytail that bbs up and dwn when she walks.她扎着一个走起路来上下摆动的金色长马尾辫。
26. She has a rw f curls rund her head. 她长着一头卷发。
27. She is a shy yung girl and her hair was cut in a shrt crp.她是个害羞的年轻姑娘，头发剪成很短的平头。教导队。
28. She was a yung and lvely girl, with a prfusin（大量）f light brwn hair, and eyes that seemed t flat in liquid crystal.她是一个年轻、可爱的姑娘，长着浓密的淡棕色头发，水灵灵的眼睛如珍珠般闪亮。
29.She was wearing bangs （刘海）n her frehead which gave her a girlish appearance when she laughed, and there was a curius liquid luster (光泽,光彩) in her eyes.她的额前留着刘海儿，这让她笑时有种少女的神态，而且她的眼睛里有一股水汪汪的奇妙光彩。
30.The curly red hair was tied up in a neat little bun（圆发髻）卷曲的红头发扎成一个整齐的小发髻。
31.The girl’s hair was silky.这姑娘的头发像丝绸一样光滑。
32.Mther was n getting ld and her hair was almst entirely white,althugh she was still under fifty.母亲一天天见老，虽然不到五十岁，但她的头发已几乎全白了。
33.The tresses were tssed abut her tender thrat and were quivering in the sunlight.披拂在她娇嫩的脖子上的发绺，在阳光下轻轻飘动。
34.Their hair was tied up int brad bands n tp f their heads.她们的头发编成粗大的辫子盘在头顶。
35.He was a tall,lanky（瘦长的） ne with spiked（尖的） hair and a small gatee（山羊胡子）.他个子高高、瘦瘦的，头发粗短呈刺状，留着小山羊胡子。
36.He wears a dense beard.他留着浓密的胡须。
37.His chin is cvered by a thick and shrt beard.他下巴上长满浓密而短的胡子。
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
定语从句
1．（23-24高三下•全国•期中）The student cming frm the cuntry was starving fr the friendship frm thse ___________cme frm the city.
【答案】wh
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：来自农村的学生渴望得到来自城里同学的友谊。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词thse。先行词thse指代“那些学生”，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词wh引导该从句。故填wh。
2．（23-24高三下•全国•期中）A survey fund that there are ver 60 millin current players in the wrld, the majrity f ___________ live in East Asia.
【答案】whm
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一项调查发现，目前全球有超过6000万名玩家，其中大多数生活在东亚。介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词ver 60 millin current players，作介词的宾语，指人，故填whm。
3．（2023高三•全国•专题练习）The lifestyle, hwever, was laid dwn by tw histrical men f letters. One was Bai Juyi, ___________ rebuilt the West Lake and made a new bank t benefit the lcals.
【答案】wh
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，这种生活方式是由两位历史文人奠定的。一个是白居易，他重建了西湖，建立了一个新的堤岸来造福当地人。先行词为 Bai Juyi，作非限制性定语从句的的主语，关系代词为wh。
4．（2023高三•全国•专题练习）China’s mdernizatin prcess ver the past fur decades has created a new cntext ___________there is a partnership between the ancient and mdern, generating smething new and genuine.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：过去四十年来，中国的现代化进程创造了一个新的背景，即古代与现代之间的伙伴关系，产生了新的和真实的东西。该从句位于名词之后且由前面的名词“cntext(背景、环境)”可知，后面应该是起修饰作用的定语从句，把名词还原回定语从句中应该是作地点状语，所以填入关系副词where。故填where。
5．（2023高三•全国•专题练习）The reasn ___________this traditinal flatbread happens t be ppular amng the ethnic grups here lies in its being easy t bake, stre and transprt.
【答案】why
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这种传统的大饼之所以能在这里流行，是因为它易于烘烤、储存和运输。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reasn，关系词在定语从句中作原因状语，应使用关系副词why。故填why。
6．（2023高三•全国•专题练习）This muntain was hme t the Kua Fu tribe, ___________members were all tall and mighty like giants.
【答案】whse
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这座山是夸父部落的家园，他们的成员都像巨人一样高大威武。分析句子结构可知非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Kua Fu tribe，在从句中作定语，应用whse。故填whse。
7．（2023高三•全国•专题练习）The reasns why Chinese is enjying great ppularity are as fllws. First, China is already a glbal ecnmic pwer, ___________ influence is grwing.
【答案】whse
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：首先，中国已经是一个全球经济大国，其影响力正在增长。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词China在从句中作定语，修饰后面的名词influence，用关系代词whse引导，故填whse。
8．（2023高三•全国•专题练习）Beside scientific missins, the crew als gave tw live science lectures frm the space statin, during ___________ they cnducted varius experiments and answered questins frm students watching the class n Earth.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：除了科学任务，宇航员还在空间站上进行了两次现场科学讲座，期间他们进行了各种实验，并回答了在地球上观看课堂的学生的问题。根据句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词lectures，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作介词during的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。
9．（23-24高三下•北京•阶段练习）She studied Chinese medicine fr tw and a half years with expects in the field frm ___________ she gained a deep knwledge.
【答案】whm
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她学了两年半的中医，对中医有很深的了解。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是expects，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作frm的宾语，应用“介词frm+whm”引导。故填whm。
10．（23-24高三下•广东佛山•阶段练习）At the Chinese art festival, there are different places ___________ artists shw their skills and teach the visitrs.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上，有不同的地方，艺术家们展示他们的技能，并教游客。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词，先行词places指的是地点，所以此处使用关系副词where。故填where。
11．（2024高三•全国•专题练习）A schl in Ireland has intrduced an interesting new unifrm. On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth ___________ gives ff light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：爱尔兰的一所学校推出了一套有趣的新校服。夹克的边缘有一块布，在黑暗中会发光。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是clth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
12．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）Using cellphnes while driving can ften be seen, ___________ is illegal in many cuntries.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：开车时使用手机的情况随处可见，这在许多国家都是违法的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，故填which。
13．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）___________ is annunced n the schl radi, the sprts meet will be held next week.
【答案】As
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如学校广播所宣布的那样，运动会将于下周举行。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代后面的句子，并在从句中作主语，表示“正如”，应用as，句首单词首字母大写，故填As。
14．（22-23高三下•福建•开学考试）The manager, in ___________ ffice I just attended an interview, asked me t g back hme and wait fr the reply.
【答案】whse
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我刚刚在经理的办公室参加了面试，他让我回家等待答复。空处是“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the manager，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词ffice，需用关系代词whse引导。故填whse。
15．（23-24高三下•重庆黔江•阶段练习）This is the nly ne f the best nvels ___________has appeared this year.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是今年出版的唯一一本最好的小说。此处为定语从句修饰先行词nvels，在从句作主语，指物，且由最高级修饰只能用that引导。故填that。
16．（23-24高三下•重庆黔江•阶段练习）We’ll discuss a case ___________beginners f English fail t use the language prperly.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们将讨论一个英语初学者不能正确使用英语的案例。定语从句修饰先行词case，在从句作地点状语，故填where。
17．（23-24高三下•全国•期中）Accrding t the Beijing 2022 Organizing Cmmittee, mre than 1 millin peple applied t serve as vlunteers and nearly 20，000 were selected, mst f ___________ are frm clleges and universities in Beijing and Hebei Prvince.
【答案】whm
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：据北京2022年冬奥会组委会统计，超过100万人申请成为志愿者，其中有近2万人被选中，其中大多数来自北京和河北省的高校。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，指代先行词“nearly 20,000 (vlunteers)”。先行词指人，在定语从句中作介词的宾语，所以用关系代词whm引导该从句。故填whm。
18．（23-24高三下•全国•期中）She fund ut her daughter had been sleeping n the flr in a huse ___________ dgs and cats mved arund, and she wrried that lder babies might step n her.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她发现女儿一直睡在房子的地板上，房子里有狗和猫在走动，她担心大一点的婴儿可能会踩到她。定语从句修饰先行词huse，在从句作地点状语，应用where。故填where。
19．（23-24高三下•全国•期中）I hpe acupuncture, with ___________ help I recvered, will cntinue t bring health t ther peple.
【答案】whse
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我希望针灸疗法——借助它的帮助我得以康复——能继续为其他人带来健康。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词acupuncture。先行词在定语从句中做定语，所以用关系代词whs引导该从句。故填whse。
20．（23-24高三下•全国•期中）Shaanxi’s biang biang ndles were a cmfrting and belved fd amng lcals, fr ___________ the back stry and written character were cmmn knwledge.
【答案】whm
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：陕西的油泼面在当地人心中是一道慰藉人心、备受喜爱的食物，关于它的背景故事和文字字符是当地人的常识。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词lcals。先行词指人，在定语从句中做介词的宾语，所以用关系代词whm引导该从句。故填whm。
21．（23-24高三下•全国•期中）Beijing, ___________ the Summer Games were held in 2008, is the first city in the wrld t hst bth editins f the Olympic Games.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：北京，2008年夏季奥运会的举办地，是世界上首个举办过两届奥运会的城市。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Beijing。先行词在定语从句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
22．（23-24高三下•福建福州•阶段练习）___________is knwn t all, Tsinghua University is ne f the tp universities thrughut the wrld.
【答案】As
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，清华大学是世界上顶尖的大学之一。空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代后面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，且表示“正如”，应用关系代词as引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填As。
23．（23-24高三下•全国•期中）Understanding, lve and tlerance are the first three essentials ___________ cme t an authentic friendship.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：理解和爱、宽容是构成真正友谊的首要三个要素。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词essentials。先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，且先行词前有序数词修饰，所以只能用关系代词that引导该从句。故填that。
24．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）___________ is ften the case, sme students play cmputer games s late that they can't finish their hmewrk n time.
【答案】As
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：通常情况下，有些学生玩电脑游戏太晚，以致无法按时完成作业。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰后面整个句子，表示“正如”，应用as引导定语从句，as is ften the case意为“通常情况下”，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填As。
25．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）I wuld like t chse the student, I think is the best, t be ur mnitr.
【答案】wh
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我想选我认为最优秀的学生做我们的班长。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the student，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，故填wh。
26．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）We must believe that we can succeed, ___________ makes it pssible fr us t vercme the difficulties.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们要相信自己能够成功，这样我们才有可能克服困难。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导定语从句，故填which。
27．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）My best friend Julia will cme t see me next July, ___________ she wn’t be s busy.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我最好的朋友朱莉娅明年七月会来看我，那时她不会那么忙。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词next July，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导定语从句，故填when。
28．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）The cuple, ___________ life used t be very hard, have set up a series f chain stres in Eurpe.
【答案】whse
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这对夫妇过去生活很艰苦，现在在欧洲开了一系列连锁店。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词whse引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词The cuple在从句中作定语成分。故填whse。
29．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）My mther bught many children's bks, nearly half f ___________ were fr my sister.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我妈妈买了许多儿童读物，其中将近一半是给我妹妹的。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词children's bks，在从句中作f的宾语，故填which。
30．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）We finally gt t the village, ___________ we saw a number f newly-built huses.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们终于到了那个村子，在那里我们看到了许多新建的房子。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词village，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
31．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Nne f the peple knew the reasn ___________ the car befre his huse was damaged.
【答案】why
【解析】考查定语从句。句意: 没有人知道他家门前那辆车被损坏的原因。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是reasn, 设空处在定语从句中作原因状语，应该用关系副词 why。故填why。
32．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）The rigin f facial makeup used in Peking Opera can be traced back t the Nrthern and Suthern Dynasties, ___________ leading actrs used t wear masks.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：京剧中使用的脸谱的起源可以追溯到南北朝时期，当时的主角常戴面具。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Nrthern and Suthern Dynasties，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。
33．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings shed tears when they cry, nne f ___________ has been prved.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证实。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词theries，先行词指物，并在从句中作介词f的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填 which。
34．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Different clrs can create different mds in yur space, sme f ___________ may nt be favrable t sleep.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：不同的颜色能在你的空间创造出不同的气氛，其中的一些可能并不利于睡眠。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词clrs，指物，设空处在定语从句中作介词 f 的宾语，故填 which。
35．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）In 1961 the UN decided t set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f ___________ purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.
【答案】whse
【解析】考查定语从。句意：1961 年联合国决定建立世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，且设空处在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purpses，应该用关系代词whse引导。故填 whse。
36．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Chinese astrnaut Wang Yaping made histry n Nvember 7, 2021 ___________ she became the cuntry's first wman t cnduct a spacewalk.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意: 2021年11月7日，中国航天员王亚平创造了历史，成为中国首位进行太空行走的女性。先行词为Nvember 7, 2021，表示时间，设空处在定语从句中作状语，需用关系副词when, 故填when。
37．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Tward the end f my teaching career, I became a teacher librarian, ___________ arused my lve fr being surrunded by bks.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在我的教学生涯接近尾声时，我成了一名教师图书管理员，这引起了我对被书籍包围的热爱。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代作者成为一名教师图书管理员这件事，定语从句缺主语，故填which。
38．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Since the first ceremny in 1929, ___________nly thirteen awards were given ut, the Oscars have grwn in size and ppularity.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：1929 年的第一次颁奖典礼只颁发了 13个奖项，自那以后，奥斯卡的规模和受欢迎程度增加了。先行词为1929，表示时间，设空处在定语从句中作状语，需用关系副词。故填when。
39．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）At present the masters use the full face, painted silk masks, ___________can be wrn in layers and be pulled ff ne by ne in the blink f an eye.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：目前大师们使用的是全脸彩绘丝绸面具，可以分层戴，眨眼间就可以一层一层地摘下来。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词the full face, painted silk masks指物， 设空处在定语从句中作主语需用关系代词which。故填 which。
40．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）The cuntry’s highest hnr is given t thse ___________ have made great cntributins t the develpment f the Peple’s Republic f China.
【答案】wh
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：国家的最高荣誉授予了那些为中华人民共和国的发展做出巨大贡献的人。空处引导定语从句，先行词thse指人，从句中缺少主语，需用关系代词wh，故填 wh。
41．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）The brain interprets dieting and restrictin as hunger, ___________ causes the strage f fat.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：大脑将节食和（对食物的）限制解读为饥饿，这会导致脂肪的储存。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语，先行词为前面的整个主句，指的是事，所以使用关系代词which。故填which。
42．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）The Jurney t the West is the mst interesting stry ___________I have ever read.
【答案】that
【解析】句意: 《西游记》是我曾读过的最有趣的故事。设空处引导定语从句, 先行词 stry指物，设空处在定语从句中作宾语，且先行词前有形容词最高级修饰。故填that。
43．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）The first thing cming t my mind is t get a driving license, ___________ is a must fr mst cllege students.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我想到的第一件事是拿到驾照, 这是大多数大学生必须做的事。设空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词driving license指物，设空处在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
44．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）___________ is knwn t us all, Yang Liwei is the first astrnaut in China t enter space.
【答案】As
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，杨利伟是中国第一位进入太空的航天员。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，设空处在定语从句中作主语，有“正如”之意，且位于句首，故填关系代词 As。
45．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Judges will chse up t 50 hnrable mentin winners, ___________ will each receive a T-shirt in memry f Earhart's final flight.
【答案】wh
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：裁判将选出多达50名荣誉奖得主，每个人将获得一件T恤以纪念Earhart的最后一次飞行。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语, 所以使用关系代词，先行词winners指人，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以使用关系代词wh。故填 wh。
46．（22-23高三下•福建•开学考试）Chinese mainland, ___________ is indicated in the chart, has risen t 11th place n the 2022 Glbal Innvatin Rating.
【答案】as
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：如图所示，中国大陆在2022年全球创新排名中上升至第11位。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“中国大陆在2022年全球创新排名中上升至第11位”这个句子，且此处表示“正如”，应用as引导定语从句，故填which。
读后续写
（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last weekend, I was standing at the finish line f the St. Francis Franny Flyer 5K (五公里赛) rute, waiting fr my nine-year-ld sn Kade t pass by.
Kade, thugh a furth-grader, was already an experienced runner. He had been a part f a crss-cuntry club since he was six years ld. He had lved t run fr as lng as he culd remember. He had been wrking hard t imprve his endurance and running skills as he was determined t be a prfessinal runner and cmpete in natinal and internatinal races when he was lder.
There were tw St. Francis Franny Flyer races happening at the same time that day. The 5K race weaved thrugh neighbrhds, frm the church t Pinecne Rad and back while the 10K fllwed the same rute but extended nrth n Pinecne Rad. Race vlunteers were available n Pinecne Rad t shw runners the way, and there were als signs directing the tw different curses.
I signed Kade up fr the 5K race as a way t train him fr the Junir Olympics. He had never run a 10K, nt even in training, s the 10K race was never an ptin.
Kade was pretty fast and he set a 5K recrd fr his age grup at last year’s race, s I was surprised t see slwer runners crssing the finish line befre him. “This is weird. He shuld be ahead f them. He might just be having a bad race,” I thught t myself. But as the minutes passed, my wrry intensified. My heart raced at the thught that Kade might be lst r injured.
Anxius and wrried, I drve alng the 5K race rute in search f Kade, but he was nwhere t be fund. A surge f fear and despair verwhelmed me, causing a fld f tears t pur dwn my face. I turned t race fficials and vlunteers fr help, and peple started lking fr him.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Later, a vlunteer tld me he had sptted Kade n the 10K curse.
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Finally, Kade appeared and crssed the finish line.
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【答案】范文
Later, a vlunteer tld me he had sptted Kade n the 10K curse. Knwing that he was safe, I let ut a sigh f relief. Despite hearing that Kade seemed t be running well, wrry hang ver me as I realized he had taken a wrng turn and was nw running a lnger and mre challenging race than he had ever trained fr I culdn’t help but pace back and fr that the finish line, anxiusly searching fr any sign f my sn. With every runner appraching, my heart leaped in hpe, nly t sink in disappintment when it wasn’t him.
Finally, Kade appeared and crssed the finish line. Relief washed ver me at the sight f his face. I hugged him tightly, verwhelmed with pride fr his curage, determinatin, and resilience. “What happened? Why did yu end up n the 10K curse?” I asked my sn eagerly. “A race vlunteer directed me the wrng way. I didn’t realize the mistake until I saw the 10K turnarund sign, but I didn’t want t give up halfway,” explained Kade. At that mment, I knew withut dubt that he was t becme a prfessinal runner.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者去看儿子凯德参加跑步比赛，半路作者没有看到儿子，担心儿子迷路，最后儿子顺利完成比赛，也学会了变得坚毅勇敢。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“后来，一位志愿者告诉我，他在10K跑道上看到了凯德。”可知，第一段可描写凯德比赛中的表现以及作者的内心变化。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，凯德出现了，冲过了终点线。”可知，第二段可描写凯德完成比赛，作者内心的感受。
2.续写线索：告知儿子消息——焦急等待——凯德出现——完成比赛——自豪拥抱——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①靠近：apprach/get clse
②寻找：search fr/lk fr
③意识到：realize/be aware f
情绪类
①毅力：resilience/perseverance
②勇敢：curage/nerve
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knwing that he was safe, I let ut a sigh f relief. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I didn’t realize the mistake until I saw the 10K turnarund sign, but I didn’t want t give up halfway (运用了until引导时间状语从句)Part 1
单元语法讲义--关系副词/介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
Part 2
读后续写素材积累
Part 3
单元语法+读后续写即时检测
关系副词
先行词
作用
when
时间名词
时间状语
表时间的介词(如：in, n, at, during等)＋which；
where
地点名词或抽象名词(situatin，pint，activity，case，stage等)
地点状语
表地点的介词(如：in, at, n, under等)＋which；
why
the reasn
原因状语
表原因的介词(如：fr)＋which。