2023-2024学年北京市海淀区中国人民大学附属中学高三三模英语试卷（含详细答案解析）

这是一份2023-2024学年北京市海淀区中国人民大学附属中学高三三模英语试卷（含详细答案解析），共20页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，阅读表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解：本大题共14小题，共28分。
A
Welcme t Muir Wds! This rare ancient frest is a kingdm f cast redwds, many ver 600 years ld.Hw t get here?
Peple using persnal vehicles must have reservatins befre arriving at the park. (Details at )
Muir Wds Natinal Mnument is pen daily, 8 a. m. t sunset. Stp by Visitr Center t get trails (路线) and prgram infrmatin, and t take in exhibits.What’s yur path?
Enjy a walk n the paved Redwd Creek Trail (als called Main Trail). Chse shrt, medium, r lng lps (环线). Other trails g deep int Muir Wds and Munt Tamalpais State Park.(Refer t the map f Muir Wds n the right fr details.)Ready t explre mre?
Muir Wds is part f Glden Gate Natinal Recreatin Area, which includes Marin Headlands, Alcatraz, the Presidi, and Ocean Beach. Dwnlad the app at safe and prtect yur park.
Wi-Fi and cell service are nt available. ·Watch fr pisnus plants and falling branches. ·D nt feed r disturb animals. ·Fishing is prhibited in the park. ·D nt mark r remve trees, flwers, r ther natural features. ·G t the park website fr mre safety tips and regulatins.Accessibility
We make a great effrt t make facilities, services, and prgrams accessible t all. Fr infrmatin, g t Visitr Center, ask a ranger, call, r check ur website.Mre Infrmatin
Muir Wds Natinal Mnument Mill Valley, CA 94941-2696
1.Muir Wds will prbably attract ________. ①redwd lvers ②hunting lvers ③fishing lvers ④hiking lvers
A. ①②B. ③④C. ①④D. ②③
2.What can be learned frm the passage?
A. Muir wds is surrunded by highland and cean beaches.
B. Visitrs can read electrnic maps using Wi-Fi in Muir Wds.
C. Visitrs are advised t call Visitr Center fr safety tips and regulatins.
D. Reservatins shuld be made if visitrs drive private cars t Muir Wds.
3.Accrding t the map f Muir Wds, ________.
A. Bridge 4 is the farthest frm the parking lts f all bridges
B. Mill Valley is lcated n the suthwest side f Muir Beach
C. Btjack Trail can lead ne t Visitr Center frm Bridge 3
D. fd and gifts can be bught n varius sites in Muir Wds
B
I write this n a spring mrning, in the van I have called hme fr tw years nw.
Frm ne small windw, I have a view f jggers punding the sunny path by the Oxfrd Canal, and the ther lks nt the busy railway line alng which trains travel frm Suthamptn Dcks t Birmingham.
The wds where I’ve parked my van have grwn up between them. This ancient van, a vehicle designed fr freedm and the pen rad, has prved a stable slutin fr surviving the current husing crisis.
I became a travel writer after my studies ended, cmmitting t brief “residencies” with museums and art centres—where temprary accmmdatin is ften prvided in exchange fr prducing new wrk abut a cmmunity. Over the years that fllwed, living and wrking n lcatin in the plar regins r Scandinavia r the Alps, nt settling dwn fr very lng, meant wherever I landed was always “hme”.
It was necessary t adpt a mre permanent engagement with lcality. Oxfrd had ften drawn me back. It’s a crssrads f reality and the imaginatin, the perfect city fr a writer.
It takes a surprising amunt f wrk t keep a tiny hme in rder: buying a used van nline; ensuring the smth running f a gas cker and car batteries; fetching water and emptying the mbile tilet. I began t enjy taking care f my immediate surrundings. Over the summer, I wrked t turn waste-grund int a wild garden, replacing weeds with wild plants.
I made friends with the self-sufficient baters living nearby, always ready t share knwledge n the lw-carbn simplicity f life withut electricity. I’ve learnt that cmfrt can be fund away frm the bright infrastructure f urban life: in watching the birds that nest in the tree and the fxes playing in the wds at dawn, in making a cup f cffee n a spring mrning.
My step away frm cnventinal husing has been a necessary act f persnal ecnmy, but the benefits include taking nthing fr granted, and unexpected delight.
4.The writer makes the van his hme because ______.
A. the feature f the van and that f his ccupatin are matching
B. the van equals t a crssrads f reality and the imaginatin
C. the views f jggers and trains utside f it can relieve his pressure
D. living and wrking n lcatin in the plar regins are appealing t him
5.What des “immediate surrundings” in Paragraph 6 refer t?
A. a used vanB. a gas ckerC. a wild gardenD. a mbile tilet
6.Which f the fllwing is the benefit f uncnventinal husing?
A. Jining jggers t d exercise.
B. Keeping a tiny hme in rder easily.
C. Imprving the ecnmy f Oxfrd.
D. Embracing delightful surprises.
C
Frm Smells t Sundtracks
When a yung sawfly, a bee-like insect, is threatened by its attackers like ants, it emits a mixture f unpleasant smells t defend itself. These emissins can seriusly anny a ptential enemy.
Scientists wanting t study these smelly cmpunds—t understand which aspects f them discurage attackers and why—face great challenges. Meetups between sawflies and ants in a lab are difficult t carry ut. There are als a very limited quantity f the insects’ emissins. On the side, Jean-Luc Bevé, a zlgist wh studies insects, frm the Ryal Belgian Institute f Natural Sciences, is an amateur musician and cmpser. He decided t try a different way—the sund apprach. “T be hnest, I cnsidered this prject s unpractical myself that I set it aside,” he said. It was mnths befre Bevé and his partner, Rudi Git, finally made a reslutin t get started n it.
They chse 16 sawfly species’ emissins t translate int sunds. First, they figured ut which mlecules (分子) were present in each smelly cmpund and in what amunts. Then they assigned varius characteristics f thse mlecules matching prperties f sund. Fr example, smaller mlecules like a kind f acid fund in vinegar, a sur-tasting liquid, evaprate (挥发) quickly, s Bevé and Git assigned them sunds with higher pitch ( 音高 ). Larger mlecules were given lwer-pitched sunds. In all, the scientists created individual audi descriptins fr 20 mlecules. Then they cmbined the sunds f each mlecule present in a sawfly’s smell t cnstruct the insect’s sundtrack. If a mlecule was f higher prprtin in an emissin, they assigned it a higher vlume. In such a case, the smaller a mlecule is, the higher its pitch will be; and the higher the prprtin f a mlecule is, the higher its vlume will be.
T test ut the audi descriptins they created, Bevé and Git examined peple’s reactins t the sundtracks and cmpared them t ants’ reactins t the riginal smells. They played the 16 emissin sundtracks and the 20 mlecule sunds thrugh speakers t abut 50 study participants. Then the scientists measured hw far peple backed up t get t a “cmfrtable psitin” away frm the nise. Mst f the study vlunteers tld the researchers that the high pitch, as well as the high vlume, was what made them withdraw. “Ants and vlunteers mved away frm a chemical and its matching sundtrack respectively,” the researchers wrte.
Bevé said he hped the prcess wuld give ther zlgists a new way t cmpare sawflies’ chemical defenses with thse frm ther insects. It may als ffer researchers clues abut which mlecules fight ff enemies mst.
7.What d we knw abut Bevé frm paragraph 2?
A. He was devted t the research fr several mnths.
B. He started a new apprach after mnths’ hesitatin.
C. He came up with a creative idea thanks t a cmpser.
D. He was faced with difficulties in studying rare sawflies.
8.What can be cncluded in terms f the sund apprach?
A. The vlume f sunds is based n the prprtin f mlecules.
B. Smaller mlecules and lwer pitch share similar characteristics.
C. Audi descriptins f the mlecules can be divided int 16 kinds.
D. Participants were required t cmpare the sunds with the smells.
9.Frm paragraphs 4 and 5, we can learn that ________.
A. the sundtracks are mre than what humans are likely t bear
B. the ants dislike the sunds as much as humans hate the smells
C. humans’ reactins t the sunds resemble ants’ respnses t the smells
D. ther zlgists are lking fr innvative ways f studying mlecules
10.This passage is mainly intended t ________.
A. explain ways t transfer smells int sundtracks
B. intrduce research n sawfly’s effect n humans
C. demnstrate a scientific study n insects’smells
D. test ut peple’s reactin t varius sundtracks
D
Is it pssible t persuade mankind t live withut war? War is an ancient institutin, which has ccurred ever since men were rganized int units larger than the family. In the past human race managed t survive it. Why shuld it nt cntinue t survive even if wars g n ccurring frm time t time? Mrever, peple like war, and will feel frustrated withut it. And withut war there will be n adequate pprtunity fr herism r self-sacrifice.
Mdem technlgy has changed this. Either man will ablish war, r war will ablish man. Fr the present, it is nuclear weapns that cause the mst serius danger, but bacterilgical r chemical weapns may, befre lng, ffer an even greater threat. If we succeed in ablishing nuclear weapns, ur wrk will nt be dne. It will never be dne until we have succeeded in ablishing war. T d this, we need t persuade mankind t lk upn internatinal questins in a new way, nt as cntests f frce, in which the victry ges t the side which is mst skillful in killing peple, but by arbitratin (通过仲裁) in accrdance with agreed principles f law. It is nt easy t change very ld mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
There are thse wh say that the adptin f this r that idelgy (意识形态) wuld prevent war. I believe this t be a big errr. All idelgies are based upn dgmatic (武断的) statements that are, at best, dubtful, and at wrst, ttally false. Their fllwers believe in them s fanatically that they are willing t g t war in supprt f them.
The mvement f wrld pinin during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcme. It has becme a cmmnplace that nuclear war must be avided. Of curse very difficult prblems remain in the wrld, but the spirit in which they are being apprached is a better ne than it was sme years ag. It has begun t be thught, even by the pwerful men wh decide whether we shall live r die, that negtiatins shuld reach agreements even if bth sides d nt find these agreements whlly satisfactry. It has begun t be understd that the imprtant cnflict nwadays is nt between different cuntries, but between man and the atm bmb.
11.Frm the passage we can learn that war nw is ______.
A. as bad as in the pastB. wrse than in the past
C. as necessary as in the pastD. nt s dangerus as in the past
12.What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Men, as well as war, will have t make the ultimate chice between the tw.
B. Mdern technlgy has empwered man t chse whether t have war r nt.
C. At least 6,000 years later, man has finally decided t abandn war nce and fr all.
D. Peple will eventually destry themselves if they chse t g t war at mdern times.
13.As fr idelgy, what des the authr intend t tell us?
A. Certain idelgy is superir regarding its truthfulness.
B. It is useless t adpt an idelgy t prevent war.
C. Nt every idelgy is nt wrth fighting fr.
D. It is wrng t fllw any idelgy.
14.Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. War r N War, That Is A Questin
B. Nuclear Weapns Bring the End f Human Race
C. Twards a Future Withut War: A Call fr Glbal Arbitratin
D. Frm Idelgy t Negtiatin: A New Apprach t Internatinal Cnflicts
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。
My, what a big beak yu have!
Fr humans, adapting t climate change will mstly be a matter f technlgy. Mre air cnditining, better-designed huses and bigger fld defenses may help t make the effects f a warmer wrld less harmful. 15 In a paper published in Trends & Evlutin, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shws that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bdies f many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears.
In sme species f Australian parrt, fr instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Anther study, this time in Nrth American dark-eyed juncs, anther bird, fund the same pattern. 16
All that is perfectly cnsistent with evlutinary thery. “Allen’s rule”, named fr Jel Asaph Allen, wh suggested it in 1877, hlds that warm-blded animals in ht places tend t have larger bdy parts than thse in temperate (温带的) regins. 17 Being richly filled with bld vessels, and nt cvered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place fr birds t get rid f heat. Fennec fxes, meanwhile, which are native t the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially cmpared with their Arctic cusins.
Ms. Ryding is nt the first researcher t take that apprach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, t prve that climate change was the cause f an anatmical (解剖学的) changes. All srts f ther factrs, frm changes in prey t the evlving reprductive preferences f males r females, might have been driving the changes. 18 The team cmbined data frm different species in different places. Since they have little in cmmn apart frm living n a warming planet, climate change is the mst reasnable explanatin.
19 That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evlutinary adaptatin cmes with trade-ffs (妥协), it is unclear hw far the prcess might g. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, fr instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cst mre energy t grw.
A．Hwever, lking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer.
B．Fr nw, at least, the increase is small, never much mre than 10%.
C．Animals will have t rely n changing their bdies r their behavirs.
D．It seems that the future wrld is ging t be htter than humans are used t.
E．Therefre, the negative effects f a warmer wrld are visible in these animals’ bdies.
F．Such adaptatins bst an animal’s surface area relative t its bdy, helping it t release extra heat.
G．Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species f mice and bats evlving bigger ears, legs and wings.
15.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共10小题，共15分。
While taking a 20-hur train ride alng the edge f the Taklimakan Desert in nrthwestern China, I had the kind f humbling, educatinal, and abve all else, wnderful 20 with a lcal that all travelers lng fr. A yung Chinese man apprached me n the train. My 21 friend spke virtually n English, s I happily tk the chance t practice my Chinese.
Over several hurs, he wuld tell me abut hw he had attended a tw-year prfessinal schl t quickly find a jb 22 highways in rder t help supprt his family. Perhaps the mst 23 . hwever, was the fact. that this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr. Withut batting an eye, he wuld 24 a translated Emersn passage befre asking abut the literary influence f American writers as a whle. “And what d yu all learn abut Russian authrs?” I 25 him asking at ne pint.
It wuld have been easy t 26 my assumptins abut this highway builder wh had never been mre than a few hundred miles frm hme. But this highly infrmed, 27 , and admirable persn prevented me ding s. In the curse f a cuple f hurs, he shwed me just hw much ne can gain frm 28 with an pen mind, and a willingness t 29 with lcals frm all walks f life.
20.A. experimentB. encunterC. cmpetitinD. appintment
21.A. trueB. s-calledC. newD. lng-lst
22.A. buildingB. sweepingC. checkingD. guarding
23.A. typicalB. bviusC. naturalD. remarkable
24.A. publishB. quteC. cpyD. dwnlad
25.A. anticipateB. imagineC. recallD. catch
26.A. lk intB. rely nC. g verD. deal with
27.A. well-behavedB. multi-skilledC. warm-heartedD. self-educated
28.A. travelingB. readingC. searchingD. teaching
29.A. cperateB. sideC. negtiateD. engage
四、语法填空：本大题共3小题，共45分。
30.Mrs. Bailey was imprtant in the educatinal jurney that carried me thrugh schl and int my prfessin. Befre I jined her class, I 1 (dubt) my ability as a writer. She 2 (persuade) me t jin the petry sciety and lit in me a fire fr literature. She recgnised my ptential and shwed me that I culd write with creativity and enthusiasm. Because f the cnfidence she inspired in me. I’ve carved ut a 3 (success) prfessin as a jurnalist.
(1)
(2)
(3)
31.Sme university students carried ut a campaign 1 they celebrated their whle day withut cell phnes This mve was 2 (imprve) their relatinships with their near and dear nes and t keep them away frm the virtual life. Studies indicate that a majrity f yung peple use their phnes during lessns, ver family meals r even at the cinema. The prblem f phne addictin has been bserved since a few years ag, with experts and psychlgists 3 (try) t increase awareness abut this prblem.
(1)
(2)
(3)
32.The tiger shark 1 (cnsider) t be ne f the mst dangerus sharks in the wrld. Why are tiger sharks s dangerus? First, they like t live 2 waters where humans usually swim, s the chances f an encunter are much greater. Secnd, tiger sharks are s strng and aggressive that they can easily hit a persn. And third, tiger sharks have teeth perfectly 3 (design) fr cutting their fd, s it is certain 4 the damage will be disastrus.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
五、阅读表达：本大题共1小题，共10分。
33.Fr millins f Facebk users, chsing which pht t use fr an nline prfile is an imprtant decisin. Accrding t a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the phts we select may reflect individual preferences, but they als appear t reflect mre deeply rted, uncnscius cultural differences. Previus research has shwn that culture can affect nt nly language and custm, but als hw we experience the wrld and prcess infrmatin. Western cultures, fr example, cnditin peple t think f themselves as highly independent entities （实体）, whereas East Asian cultures stress cllectivism and interdependence.
Dr. Denise Park, c-directr f the Center at UT Dallas, and frmer graduate student Dr. Chih-Ma Huang f the University f Illinis, were curius abut whether these patterns f cultural influence extend t cyberspace. In a paper published in the Internatinal Jurnal f Psychlgy, they examined the prfile phtgraphs f mre than 500 active Facebk users frm the United States and East Asia. Overall, they fund that prfile phts f Americans are mre likely t fcus n the individual's face, while the prfiles f East Asians tend t less emphasize the face and include mre backgrund features. Americans als shw greater smile intensity cmpared t East Asian Facebk users.
The findings shw marked cultural differences in the fcus f attentin amng East Asian and American Facebk users. Mrever, they ech previus research n cultural influences n visual perceptin（感知）, attentin, and reasning in the ffline wrld.
"We believe these findings relate t a cultural bias t be mre individualistic and independent in the US and mre cmmunal and interdependent in Asia," said Park.
The research als fund that cultural influences ver ur self-presentatin nline can shift ver time and frm place t place. In ne f the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States bth shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry.
"Facebk cnstitutes an extended scial cntext in which persnal prfiles mirrr varius individual characteristics, private thughts, and scial behavirs," nted Huang. "As such, the study presents a new apprach t investigate cgnitin and behavirs acrss cultures by using Facebk as a data cllectin platfrm."
(1) What may an nline prfile pht reflect?
(2) Accrding t the research, hw are American and East Asian Facebk users different in chsing their prfile phts? __________________________________________________________________
(3) Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
In ne f the study samples, Americans studying in Japan shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry because they want t maintain a gd relatinship with their Japanese friends.
__________________________________________________________________
(4) Describe the prfile pht yu use fr yur scial media such as WeChat r Weib. Why d yu chse it?__________________________________________________________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、D、A
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些参观缪尔森林的注意事项。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Welcme t Muir Wds! This rare ancient frest is a kingdm f cast redwds, many ver 600 years ld. (欢迎来到缪尔森林！这片罕见的古老森林是海岸红杉的王国，许多红杉已有600多年的历史。)”以及第四段“Enjy a walk n the paved Redwd Creek Trail (als called Main Trail). Chse shrt, medium, r lng lps (环线). (在红木溪小径（也称为主小径）上漫步。选择短的，中等的，或环线。)”可知，缪尔森林可能会吸引红杉爱好者以及远足爱好者。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Peple using persnal vehicles must have reservatins befre arriving at the park. (使用私家车的游客必须在进入公园前进行预约。)”可知，如果游客开私家车去缪尔森林，应该提前预约。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据地图中“Bridge 4：Lng 1½hur 2.mile lp trail (桥4：长1个半小时2英里的环形步道)”可知，根据缪尔森林的地图，4号桥是所有桥中离停车场最远的。故选A。
4~6.【答案】A、C、D
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为旅行作家以面包车为家的体验和感受。
1. 细节理解题。由文章第三段第二句“This ancient van, a vehicle designed fr freedm and the pen rad, has prved a stable slutin fr surviving the current husing crisis.”(这辆古老的面包车是为自由和开放道路而设计的，事实证明它是度过当前住房危机的稳定的解决方案。）和第四段“I became a travel writer after my studies ended, cmmitting t brief “residencies” with museums and art centres — where temprary accmmdatin is ften prvided in exchange fr prducing new wrk abut a cmmunity.”(学业结束后，我成为了一名旅行作家，致力于在博物馆和艺术中心进行短暂的“驻留”——在那里，通常会提供临时住宿，以换取创作关于社区的新作品。) 可知，面包车自由和开放的特征和作者作为旅行作家的职业是相匹配的。故选A项。
2. 词句猜测题。由文章第六段最后一句“Over the summer, I wrked t turn waste-grund int a wild garden, replacing weeds with wild plants. ”(整个夏天，我努力把荒地变成野生花园，用野生植物代替杂草。）可知，我开始喜欢照顾我的野生花园，“immediate surrundings”指的是野生花园。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。由文章最后一段“My step away frm cnventinal husing has been a necessary act f persnal ecnmy, but the benefits include taking nthing fr granted, and unexpected delight.”(我远离传统住房是个人经济状况的必要行为，但好处包括从不想当然，以及意想不到的快乐。)可知，住在面包车这种非传统住房里可以随时拥抱令人愉快的惊喜。故选D项。
7~10.【答案】B、A、C、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对昆虫气味的科学研究。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段““T be hnest, I cnsidered this prject s unpractical myself that I set it aside,” he said. It was mnths befre Bevé and his partner, Rudi Git, finally made a reslutin t get started n it. ”(“说实话，我自己认为这个项目太不切实际了，所以我把它搁置了，”他说。几个月后，Bevé和他的搭档鲁迪·乔特(Rudi Git)终于下定决心开始这项工作。)说明犹豫了几个月后，他开始采用新的方法。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“If a mlecule was f higher prprtin in an emissin, they assigned it a higher vlume.”（如果一个分子在任务中所占比例更高，他们就会给它分配更高的音量。）说明声音的大小取决于分子的比例。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Mst f the study vlunteers tld the researchers that the high pitch, as well as the high vlume, was what made them withdraw. “Ants and vlunteers mved away frm a chemical and its matching sundtrack respectively,” the researchers wrte. ”（大多数参与研究的志愿者告诉研究人员，高音和高音量是他们退缩的原因。研究人员写道:“蚂蚁和志愿者分别远离了一种化学物质及其匹配的音乐。”）说明人类对声音的反应类似于蚂蚁对气味的反应。故选C项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bevé said he hped the prcess wuld give ther zlgists a new way t cmpare sawflies’ chemical defenses with thse frm ther insects. It may als ffer researchers clues abut which mlecules fight ff enemies mst.”（Bevé说，他希望这一过程能给其他动物学家提供一种新的方法来比较锯叶蜂与其他昆虫的化学防御能力。它还可能为研究人员提供线索，说明哪些分子最能击退敌人。）结合标题“Frm Smells t Sundtracks”，说明这篇文章主要是为了演示对昆虫气味的科学研究。故选C项。
11~14.【答案】B、D、B、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。在当前的国际形势之下，作者阐述人类应该以一种新的方式看待国际问题，而不是把它看作武力的较量。这种方式就是通过根据公认的法律原则进行仲裁。
1. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Mdem technlgy has changed this”（现代科技改变了这一点）以及“Fr the present, it is nuclear weapns that cause the mst serius danger, but bacterilgical r chemical weapns may, befre lng, ffer an even greater threat.”（目前，造成最严重危险的是核武器，但不久之后，细菌或化学武器可能带来更大的威胁。）可推知，现在的战争比过去更糟糕。故选B。
2. 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Either man will ablish war, r war will ablish man. Fr the present, it is nuclear weapns that cause the mst serius danger, but bacterilgical r chemical weapns may, befre lng, ffer an even greater threat. If we succeed in ablishing nuclear weapns, ur wrk will nt be dne. It will never be dne until we have succeeded in ablishing war. ”（要么人会消灭战争，要么战争会消灭人。目前，造成最严重危险的是核武器，但细菌或化学武器不久可能会带来更大的威胁。如果我们成功地废除了核武器，我们的工作也还没有完成。除非我们成功地废除了战争，否则这是永远不会实现的。）可知，只有成功废除战争，才能算做完成人类的工作，由此可推知，如果人们选择在现代进行战争，他们最终将自我毁灭。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“All idelgies are based upn dgmatic (武断的) statements that are, at best, dubtful, and at wrst, ttally false. Their fllwers believe in them s fanatically that they are willing t g t war in supprt f them.”（所有的意识形态都建立在武断的陈述之上，往好了说，这些陈述是可疑的，往坏了说，这些陈述是完全错误的。他们的追随者如此狂热地相信他们，以至于他们愿意为了支持他们而去打仗。）可推知，采用意识形态来防止战争是无用的。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第二段“T d this, we need t persuade mankind t lk upn internatinal questins in a new way, nt as cntests f frce, in which the victry ges t the side which is mst skillful in killing peple, but by arbitratin (通过仲裁) in accrdance with agreed principles f law .”（要做到这一点，我们需要说服人类以一种新的方式看待国际问题，而不是将其视为武力的较量，在这种较量中，胜利属于最善于杀人的一方，而是通过根据商定的法律原则进行仲裁。）可知，作者呼吁人们以新的方式看待国际问题，通过仲裁来解决问题，以此来废除战争，因此，C选项“Twards a Future Withut War: A Call fr Glbal Arbitratin”（走向无战争的未来：全球仲裁的呼吁）最能概括全文内容。故选C。
15~19.【答案】C、G、F、A、B
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。讲述了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌，如嘴巴变大。
1. 根据上文“Fr humans, adapting t climate change will mstly be a matter f technlgy. Mre air cnditining, better-designed huses and bigger fld defenses may help mitigate the effects f a warm wrld. (对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响)”可知，人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。选项C“动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述，上下文通顺合理。故选C项。
2. 空处位于段末应承接上文。上文“In sme species f Australian parrt, fr instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Anther study, this time in Nrth American dark-eyed juncs, anther bird, fund the same pattern. (例如，在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中，自1871年以来，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中，发现了同样的模式)”列举了一些动物因为天气变暖，喙变大的例子。由此推知，空处承接上文，继续举例。选项G“哺乳动物也有类似的趋势，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀”符合语境，是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子。故选G项。
3. 根据上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named fr Jel Asaph Allen, wh suggested it in 1877, hlds that warm-blded-animals in ht places tend t have larger appendages (附属物) than thse in less ht regins. (“艾伦法则”是以Jel Asaph Allen的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了这一法则，认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物)”可知，炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项F“这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“Being richly filled with bld vessels, and nt cvered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place fr birds t get rid f heat. Fennec fxes, meanwhile, which are native t the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially cmpared with their Arctic cusins.( 喙拥有丰富的血管，没有绝缘羽毛覆盖，是鸟类散热的理想场所。又比如，与它们的北极近亲相比，原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸有着惊人的大耳朵)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选F项。
4. 根据下文“The team cmbined data frm different species in different places. (她的团队综合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据)”可知，团队综合了更多地方的数据，选项A“然而，从更大的角度来看，形式更清晰。”说明观察更多会更清楚地看到这种模式，符合语境，上下文通顺合理。故选A项。
5. 根据下文“That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evlutinary adaptatin cmes with trade-ffs (妥协), it is unclear hw far the prcess might g. (随着气候变暖的加速，这种情况可能会改变。由于任何进化适应都会进行利弊权衡，因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远)”可知，未来这种情况的变化，that指代上文提到的情况，选项B“至少就目前而言，增幅很小，从未超过10%。”说明现在的变化情况，上下文合理通顺，下文预测这种情况的发展,，且下文中的“That may change”指代选项B中的增长。故选B项。
20~29.【答案】B、C、A、D、B、C、B、D、A、D
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次在火车上偶遇了一个年轻的中国男子，在交谈中发现，年轻人见多识广、自学成才，是一个令人钦佩的人。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时，其间我与一个当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，这是所有旅行者都渴望的。A. experiment实验；B. encunter邂逅；C. cmpetitin比赛；D. appintment任命。根据后文“with a lcal that all travelers lng fr”指作者和当地人有了一次美妙的邂逅。故选B。
2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. true真的；B. s-called所谓的；C. new新的；D. lng-lst很久不见的。根据上文“A yung Chinese man apprached me n the train.”可知，两人是在火车上认识的，所以是新朋友。故选C。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. building修建；B. sweeping打扫；C. checking检查；D. guarding守卫。根据后文“highways in rder t help supprt his family”可知，年轻人修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。故选A。
4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，也许最值得注意的是这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。A. typical典型的；B. bvius显然的；C. natural自然的；D. remarkable引人注目的。根据后文“this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr.”可知，这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，这是最值得注意的品质。故选D。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. publish出版；B. qute引用；C. cpy复制；D. dwnlad下载。根据后文“a translated Emersn passage”指引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，故选B。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？”我记得他曾经问过。A. anticipate预期；B. imagine想象；C. recall记起；D. catch抓住。根据后文“him asking at ne pint”可知，作者在回忆年轻人提过的问题。故选C。
7. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于这位从未离开过家乡几百英里的公路建设者，我很容易凭空想象。A. lk int调查；B. rely n依靠；C. g ver复习；D. deal with处理。根据后文“my assumptins abut this highway builder wh had never been mre than a few hundred miles frm hme”可知，这是作者凭想象进行的判断。故选B。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。A. well-behaved行为端正的；B. multi-skilled多技能的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. self-educated自学的。呼应上文“this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr.(这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习)”，指这个年轻人的自学能力。故选D。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. traveling旅行；B. reading阅读；C. searching搜索；D. teaching教学。根据后文“with an pen mind, and a willingness t”结合作者当时在乘火车旅行，所以是指带着开放的心态旅行，故选A。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. cperate合作；B. side支持；C. negtiate协商；D. engage参与。根据后文“with lcals frm all walks f life”指和各行各业的当地人打交道，应用短语engage with表示“与……接触”。故选D。
30.【答案】【小题1】
had dubted
【小题2】
persuaded
【小题3】
successful
【解析】1. 考查时态。句意：在我加入她的班级之前，我一直怀疑自己的写作能力。结合语境可知，“怀疑”发生在“进入她的班级”之前，即过去的过去，故应用过去完成时。故填had dubted。
2. 考查时态。句意：她说服我加入诗社，点燃了我对文学的热情。空处为谓语动词。陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故填persuaded。
3. 考查形容词。句意：我开创了一个成功的记者职业。形容词successful作定语修饰名词。故填successful。
31.【答案】【小题1】
where
【小题2】
t imprve
【小题3】
trying
【解析】1. 考查定语从句。句意：一些大学生开展了一项活动，他们在没有手机的情况下庆祝了一整天。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词campaign，指物，关系词在从句中作抽象的地点状语，故应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
2. 考查不定式。句意：这一举动是为了改善他们与亲人的关系，让他们远离虚拟生活。动词不定式作表语，说明主语的内容。故填t imprve。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：手机上瘾的问题早在几年前就被发现了，专家和心理学家试图提高人们对这个问题的认识。分析可知，空处应填非谓语动词作宾补，逻辑主语experts and psychlgists和try之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填trying。
32.【答案】【小题1】
is cnsidered/has been cnsidered
【小题2】
in
【小题3】
easily
【小题4】
designed
【解析】1. 全文陈述的是一般事实，并根据后文可知本句用一般现在时态，也可以表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或所持续的动作，用现在完成时，因为谓语动词cnsider和主语The tiger shark是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态或现在完成时的被动语态，且主语The tiger shark表示的是单数形式，用is dne或has been dne，所以谓语动词用is cnsidered/has been cnsidered。
2. 此处考查固定短语live in（住在里），所以此处用介词in，live in waters表示住在水里面，故填介词in。
3. 分析结构，此处的hit（攻击）是动词，而修饰动词要用副词形式，所以用easy（轻易的，容易的）的副词形式easily修饰动词hit，在这里作状语。
4. 分析结构，此处的have是谓语动词，所以design（设计）是非谓语动词，而design的逻辑主语是teeth，他们之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用design的动词-ed形式designed表示被动；而此处是固定句型have sth dne（让被做），所以用 designed在这里作宾语补足语。
33.【答案】【小题1】
It may reflect individual preferences and mre deeply rted, uncnscius cultural differences.
【小题2】
Facebk users in America are mre likely t use prfile phts that fcus n their faces, while the phts f East Asians tend t less emphasize the face and include mre backgrund features. Americans als shw greater smile intensity cmpared t East Asian Facebk users.
【小题3】
In ne f the study samples, Americans studying in Japan shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry because they want t maintain a gd relatinship with their Japanese friends. Americans studying in Japan shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry because the culture f their hst cuntry has an influence n their self-presentatin nline.
【小题4】
I use a picture f a cffee mug as my prfile pht. I use it because it is my favrite cffee mug and I want everyne t admire it. Besides, I am careful abut privacy and dn't want t display my face t strangers nline.
【解析】1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Accrding t a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the phts we select may reflect individual preferences, but they als appear t reflect mre deeply rted, uncnscius cultural differences.(根据德克萨斯大学达拉斯中心研究人员的一项研究，我们选择的照片可能反映了个人偏好，但它们似乎也反映了更根深蒂固的、无意识的文化差异。)”可知，一张网上的个人资料照片会反映出个人偏好和更加根深蒂固，无意识的文化差异。故答案为It may reflect individual preferences and mre deeply rted, uncnscius cultural differences.
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Overall, they fund that prfile phts f Americans are mre likely t fcus n the individual's face, while the prfiles f East Asians tend t less emphasize the face and include mre backgrund features. Americans als shw greater smile intensity cmpared t East Asian Facebk users. (总的来说，他们发现美国人的头像照片更倾向于关注个人的面部，而东亚人的头像往往不太强调面部，包含更多的背景特征。与东亚脸书用户相比，美国人的微笑程度也更高。)”可知，Facebk用户在美国更有可能使用档案照片，关注他们的脸，而东亚人的照片往往比较强调的脸，包括更多的背景特征。与东亚脸书用户相比，美国人的微笑程度也更高。故答案为Facebk users in America are mre likely t use prfile phts that fcus n their faces, while the phts f East Asians tend t less emphasize the face and include mre backgrund features. Americans als shw greater smile intensity cmpared t East Asian Facebk users.
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“In ne f the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States bth shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry. (在其中一个研究样本中，在日本留学的美国人和在美国留学的日本人都倾向于根据所在国的总体喜好来调整自己的头像。)”可知，在日本留学的美国人倾向于根据所在国的总体喜好来调整个人资料照片，因为所在国的文化会影响他们在网上的自我表现。故答案为In ne f the study samples, Americans studying in Japan shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry because they want t maintain a gd relatinship with their Japanese friends. Americans studying in Japan shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry because the culture f their hst cuntry has an influence n their self-presentatin nline.​​​​​​​
4.
开放题。考生言之有理则可。参考答案为：pssible versin 1: I use a picture f a cffee mug as my prfile pht. I use it because it is my favrite cffee mug and I want everyne t admire it. Besides, I am careful abut privacy and dn’t want t display my face t strangers nline.
pssible versin 2: I use a picture f myself as my prfile pht, and in the picture I am smiling cnfidently. I used it because I want peple t feel that I am a cnfident persn and I am trustwrthy.