2024届广东省湛江市普通高考测试英语试题（含详细答案解析）

这是一份2024届广东省湛江市普通高考测试英语试题（含详细答案解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，任务型读写，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共30分。
A
A
Tp Cffee-prducing Cuntries
Brazil
Back in the 18th century, Brazil started grwing cffee. Nw, arund 300,000 cffee farmers in Brazil prduce abut 40% f the wrldˈs cffee. Arabica (阿拉比卡咖啡) takes up 70% f the cffee beans grwn in the cuntry. In Brazil, 3% f exprt incme is frm cffee beans. Brazilians are wild abut drinking their cffee and cnsume it all day lng.
Vietnam
Cffee fund its way t Vietnam in the 1800s. Nw cffee industry emplys almst 3 millin peple. Mst f Vietnamˈs cffee prductin is the less appreciated Rbusta (罗布斯塔咖啡) variety. Because f that, mst cffee beans grwn in Vietnam are fr instant cffee. Despite cffeeˈs ppularity as an exprt crp, the Vietnamese still prefer tea. They als make a famus Cappuccin (卡布奇诺咖啡) nt fund elsewhere—famus because it gets a dse f raw egg if thatˈs t yur liking.
Clmbia
Cffee was intrduced int Clmbia in the early 1700s. In Clmbia, abut 2.3 millin acres f land are planted with cffee. Cffee is the mst imprtant agricultural exprt. There are arund 555,000 cffee grwers in Clmbia. The majrity f Clmbian cffee plantatins are wned by families. Clmbians typically start their mrning with a tint. Itˈs a small cup f black cffee thatˈs sweetened with sugar. They may add cinnamn r ther spices t jazz it up.
Indnesia
Indnesia has a lng cffee histry that ges back t the 1600s, which has its share f ups and dwns. In the late 19th century, the terrible cffee rust disease caused death t many f the high-quality cffee plants. T prevent this frm happening again, Indnesia replanted with the disease-resistant Rbusta cffee. Arabica beans still play a part in the Indnesian cffee market, representing abut 25% f cffee beans grwn there.
1.Which f the fur cuntries started grwing cffee earliest?
A. Brazil.B. Vietnam.C. Clmbia.D. Indnesia.
2.What is special abut Vietnam?
A. A unique kind f cffee drink is made there.
B. High-quality cffee beans are prduced there.
C. Cffee was prduced fr the hme market there.
D. Cffee planting met with prblems in the 1990s there.
3.What d Brazil and Clmbia have in cmmn?
A. Cffee exprts are grwing in bth cuntries.
B. They bth have a cffee-lving ppulatin.
C. They share the same number f cffee grwers.
D. Cffee farms are wned by families in bth cuntries.
B
B
As a dctral student, I served as a hstess fr famus authrs and illustratrs when they came t participate in the Ohi State University Childrenˈs Literature Cnference. I hsted such belved creatrs f childrenˈs bks as Nikki Grimes, Jerry Pinkney and James Ransme. I wuld stand at the airprt, hlding ne f their bks and waiting t pick them up and then drive them arund twn t places they needed t g and assist them during autgraph sessins. After graduating frm my university and accepting a psitin at Clemsn University in 2003, I kept in tuch with James Ransme.
In 2005 I received a grant frm the gvernment t cnduct a family-literacy prgram. I wanted t see what wuld happen when I expsed ten African American families with children t bks by and abut African Americans. I prvided each f the families with cpies f seven bks, five f which were illustrated by James.
The families participated in a series f five mnthly wrkshps, and the final event was a presentatin by James and an autgraph sessin with him. I believed this event wuld be a meaningful way t end the prgram, by having a famus illustratr f childrenˈs literature cme and talk abut his wrk, especially because the families and I had read and respnded t several f his bks ver the curse f the five wrkshps.
Jamesˈs visit was infrmative and enlightening fr the families. A parent, Ashley, tld me that she sent a nte t her snˈs teacher abut having participated in the prgram and laned her snˈs autgraphed cpies f Jamesˈs bks fr the class t read. Lking back ver my career, this family-literacy prgram is ne f the accmplishments f which I am the prudest, and I am especially pleased that James was part f it.
4.Hw did the authr cme int cntact with James?
A. The authr met him by accident at the airprt.
B. The authr went t him t ask fr an autgraph.
C. The authr hsted him when he attended a cnference.
D. The authr was intrduced t him by a university prfessr.
5.What can be learned abut James?
A. He ran mnthly wrkshps.
B. He is an African American.
C. He has written seven bks.
D. He graduated frm Clemsn University.
6.What did James d fr the family-literacy prgram?
A. He gave a talk t the families.
B. He laned his bks t the families.
C. He respnded t the questins raised by the families.
D. He asked the gvernment t give financial supprt t the families.
7.What is Ashleyˈs attitude twards James?
A. Dubtful.B. Caring.C. Tlerant.D. Appreciative.
C
C
The Rbbers Cave Experiment was part f a series f studies cnducted by scial psychlgist Muzafer Sherif and his wrkmates in the 1940s and 1950s. The researchers divided bys at a summer camp int tw grups, and they studied hw cnflict develped between them. They als investigated what did and didnˈt wrk t reduce grup cnflict. The bys were left in the dark abut the experiment.
In the 1954 study, bys wh were apprximately 11~12 years ld thught that they were participating in a typical summer camp, which tk place at Rbbers Cave State Park. Hwever, the campersˈ parents knew that their children were actually participating in a research study.
The bys arrived at the camp in tw separate grups: fr the first part f the study, they spent time with members f their wn grup, withut knwing that the ther grup existed. The grups chse names, the Eagles and the Rattlers.
After a shrt perid f time, the bys became aware f the existence f the ther grup and began t speak negatively abut the ther grup. Then the researchers arranged a cmpetitive turnament between the grups, cnsisting f games such as baseball and tug-f-war and the relatinship between the tw grups quickly became tense. The campers rated their wn grup mre psitively than the rival (对立) grup.
T determine the factrs that culd reduce grup cnflict, the researchers first brught the campers tgether fr fun activities such as having a meal r watching a mvie tgether. Hwever, this didnˈt wrk t reduce cnflict.
Next, Sherif and his wrkmates tried having the tw grups wrk n cmmn gals. Fr example, the campˈs water supply was cut ff purpsely by the researchers, and the Eagles and the Rattlers wrked tgether t fix the prblem. Wrking n shared gals eventually reduced cnflict and friendships began t frm with members f the ther grup. In the end, sme f the campers requested that everyne frm bth grups take the bus hme tgether, and ne grup bught drinks fr the ther grup.
8.What can be inferred abut the campers in the 1954 experiment?
A. Their parents held smething back frm them.
B. They were asked t take part in a scial practice.
C. They were participating in a typical summer camp.
D. Their grups were frmed by the names they chse.
9.What is the beginning f the bysˈ negative attitude t the ther grup?
A. Being asked t rate the ther grup.
B. Hearing negative remarks frm the ther grup.
C. Cmpeting in a turnament against the ther grup.
D. Becming aware f the existence f the ther grup.
10.Why was the campˈs water supply cut ff?
A. T cause a cnflict between the tw grups.
B. T test the campersˈ prblem-slving ability.
C. T get the tw grups t wrk fr a cmmn gal.
D. T see hw much the campers care abut each ther.
11.What can be a cnclusin frm Sherifˈs experiment?
A. Fights between different grups are unavidable.
B. One shuld seek friendship with utgrup members.
C. Fun activities are the best ways t reduce grup cnflict.
D. Grup members tend t turn against utgrup members.
D
D
Fr the histry f life n Earth, rganisms have relied n the light f the sun, mn, and stars t find their way and schedule their lives. While the beginning f electric lighting in the late 19th century may have benefited humans, it has caused prblems in the natural wrld. Amng the impacts f artificial light at night(ALAN), light pllutin lures migrating birds t cities with shcking cnsequences, cntributes t the alarming decline in insect ppulatins, and cnvinces sea turtle babies t amble(缓行)away frm the water instead f twards it.
Nw, a new study frm the University f Plymuth adds anther disappinting finding abut hw ALAN is affecting the creatures with whm we share the planet: Light pllutin frm castal cities can trick crals(珊瑚)int reprducing utside f the ptimum times when they wuld nrmally reprduce.
Using a cmbinatin f light pllutin data and spawning(产卵)bservatins, researchers were able t shw fr the first time that crals expsed t ALAN are spawning ne t three days earlier and clser t the full mn cmpared t thse n unlit crals. “That shift may reduce the survival and fertilizatin success f gametes(配子)and genetic cnnectivity between nearby lit and unlit cral systems,” they explain.
“Crals are amng the mst bidiverse, ecnmically imprtant, and threatened ecsystems n the planet,” write the authrs f the study.
“Climate change has led t mass bleaching(褪色)events. Habitat destructin, fisheries, and pllutin have reduced crals substantially since the 1950s,” they write, adding, “The cmplete lss f crals is anticipated ver the next 100 years.”
If we want t reduce the harm ALAN is causing, we culd perhaps lk t delay the switching-n f night-time lighting in castal regins t ensure the natural dark perid between sunset and mnrise when cral reprductin remains undisturbed.
12.Why is the first paragraph written?
A. T present the tpic f the text.
B. T advcate energy cnservatin.
C. T explain a natural phenmenn.
D. T prvide backgrund infrmatin.
13.What des the underlined wrd “ptimum” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Pssible.B. Apprpriate.C. Flexible.D. Sensitive.
14.What is the researchersˈ majr cncern ver crals?
A. Extinctin.B. Lsing value.
C. Terrible diseases.D. Expsure t mnlight.
15.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Creatures Rely n Natural Lights t Schedule Their Life
B. Night-time Lighting Shrtens Natural Dark Perid
C. Castal Lights Trick Crals int Early Spawning
D. Light Pllutin Leads t Serius Cnsequences
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。
Many significant internatinal prjects have cnsidered hw schling might change t better match the changes that have taken place in the 21st century. ____16____ One is a shift in the meaning f knwledge, and the ther is the need t build educatin systems based arund what we nw knw abut learning.
The term “knwledge age” r “knwledge ecnmy” refers t a rerganizatin away frm an Industrial Age ecnmy, where explitatin (开采) f natural resurces, primary prductin and mass prductin were the standard mdels fr ecnmic develpment. ____17____ This is achieved thrugh the rapid creatin f new knwledge and has becme the basis fr ecnmic develpment. It is argued that educatin fr the knwledge age must fcus n the develpment f learnersˈ cmpetences t deal with new situatins and envirnments.
____18____ Nr des it deny the need fr bvius gals fr studentsˈ knwledge develpment. Rather, the future-fcused educatin literature suggests we need t adpt a much mre cmplex view f knwledge, ne that incrprates knwing, ding and being. Alngside this we need t rethink ur ideas abut hw ur learning systems are rganized, resurced and supprted. Research clearly shws that peple d nt learn well as passive recipients (接受者) f pre-packaged, bite-sized pieces f knwledge. ____19____
Althugh sme f these principles are understd by many teachers, ur educatin systems and practices are ften set up in ways that d nt supprt these principles t perate in practice. Teachers and schl leaders are attempting paradigm (范式) shifts. ____20___
A. There needs t be wider public supprt fr them.
B. There are tw imprtant ideas that supprt this wrk.
C. This des nt mean that knwledge n lnger matters.
D. Gd learning requires active engagement in the “whle game”.
E. We are required t prepare yung peple fr the knwledge age.
F. This is pssible nly when active learning appraches are applied.
G. In the knwledge age, the ability t generate value is put in the first place.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共22.5分。
Our little dg, Di, had grwn t ten punds befre I culd teach him hw t g up and dwn the stairs. He ____21____ like a wind-up ty n fur shrt legs and he was tp-heavy. Anytime he tried t waddle (蹒跚行走) dwn the three brick stairs n ur frnt prch, he wuld ____22____ ding a handstand with his tail waving in the ____23____ . Therefre, there was n way he culd ____24____ the seventeen steps between the tw ____25____ f ur huse. It was up t me t ____26____ him upstairs and when he wanted t cme dwn again he wuld stay at the tp f the stairs, barking ____27____ fr my attentin.
Once his little legs were ____28____ enugh t keep his fat belly frm scraping (剐蹭) every stair, I decided it was time fr him t ____29____ t g dwnstairs n his wn. He hated every secnd f the prcess— ____30____ the treats I gave him at the bttm f each step. I wuld pat(轻拍)him first, then hld his frnt legs and ____31____ place them n the next step dwn and then his back legs. Then, I gave him a treat. Once he stpped shivering (哆嗦), I wuld ____32____ him dwn t the next step the same way. By the time we gt t the bttm, he wuld run ff, ____33____ that I had made him face his fear.
One day, I nticed him g halfway up the stairs, stp, ____34____ , and then run back dwn the stairs n his wn. He was ding this repeatedly. He was ____35____ ! After that day, he became an expert at taking the stairs.
21.A. rlledB. walkedC. stretchedD. shk
22.A. cheer upB. stand upC. shw upD. end up
23.A. airB. distanceC. penD. light
24.A. avidB. care abutC. manageD. knck int
25.A. rmsB. stairwaysC. wallsD. flrs
26.A. carryB. hideC. feedD. lead
27.A. madlyB. willinglyC. pitifullyD. shamelessly
28.A. strngB. lngC. flexibleD. heavy
29.A. seekB. pretendC. learnD. expect
30.A. instead fB. thanks tC. depending nD. except fr
31.A. gentlyB. randmlyC. quicklyD. awkwardly
32.A. driveB. fllwC. thrwD. help
33.A. upsetB. disappintedC. regretfulD. suspicius
34.A. g frwardB. run abutC. turn arundD. get away
35.A. watchingB. practicingC. thinkingD. withdrawing
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A museum shwcasing the culture f the Grand Canal is expected t pen in Beijing next week. Sme 6,000 items r sets f exhibits ____1____ (clse) related t Beijing and the ancient canal are t be displayed.
“The Grand Canal Museum f Beijing, als called the Capital Museum East Branch, ____2____ (lcate) in the Beijing Municipal Administrative Center and has ____3____ ttal flr area f 99,700 square meters,” said Feng Ha, wh is ___4___ charge f museum cllectins at the Capital Museum.
With a daily capacity f 6,000 visitrs, the new museum is designed ____5____ (cmbine) bats, sailing and water elements, shwcasing the culture f the Grand Canal.
The exhibitin area cnsists f basic, ____6____ (theme), pen, and temprary exhibitin ____7____ (sectin). “Visitrs can enjy an interactive experience ____8____ (reflect) the themes f Beijing and the Grand Canal in the pen exhibitin sectin thrugh ____9____ (digit) technlgy,” Feng said.
With a histry f mre than 2,500 years, the Grand Canal cnnects Beijing and Hangzhu in East Chinaˈs Zhejiang Prvince, ____10____ served as a significant transprtatin rute in ancient China.
(1) _________
(2) _________
(3) _________
(4) _________
(5) _________
(6) _________
(7) _________
(8) _________
(9) _________
(10) _________
五、任务型读写：本大题共1小题，共25分。
37.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Ever since I came t wrk in my present cmpany five years ag, I have heard abut a small restaurant nearby called Lve Dad. Everybdy believes that it is wned by smebdyˈs lving dad. The restaurant des give the diners a sense f hme. The furnishings are hmely, with dining areas lking like family dining rms. Best f all, they have hand-drawn cards, which diners can take away with them when checking ut. The restaurant desnˈt have a menu. Yu never knw what will be served until yu cme t its dr with a “served tday” ntice hanging t it.
Whenever I pass by, I just canˈt help entering t enjy the hmely atmsphere. Itˈs a reminder f my wn hme and my dad, wh will prepare a great dinner fr the family every day. Dad is a manager in a cnstructin cmpany and a great ck at hme and nt nly a great ck. He is the kind f her-like father at hme, wh can fix everything in the hme and deal with all prblems. As my parents live in anther city, this small hmely restaurant is where I chse t g t cmfrt my hmesickness.
Curisity abut whse dad the wner f the restaurant is has always been there amng my wrkmates wh are its regular custmers but it seems that nbdy has a clue. It desnˈt matter much as all f them can get a taste f hme there.
Last mnth, when I was hme fr the Christmas break, my parents talked t me abut their plan fr retirement and I mentined the restaurant Lve Dad t them. We all thught it wuld be great if Mm and Dad culd jin the restaurant in sme way. They asked me abut the exact lcatin f it and decided t deal with the matter themselves.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One week later, I gt an email frm Dad.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One day, I was sitting in Lve Dad again.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共25分。
38.假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Paul给你发邮件说他对中国成语感兴趣，想学习更多的中国成语。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 你对中国成语的认识；
2. 学习中国成语的建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Paul,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、A、B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个咖啡产国的情况。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Back in the 18th century, Brazil started grwing cffee. (早在18世纪，巴西就开始种植咖啡。)”；第二段“Cffee fund its way t Vietnam in the 1800s. (咖啡在19世纪进入越南。)”；第三段“Cffee was intrduced int Clmbia in the early 1700s. (咖啡在18世纪早期被引入哥伦比亚)”以及最后一段“Indnesia has a lng cffee histry that ges back t the 1600s, which has its share f ups and dwns. (印尼有着悠久的咖啡历史，可以追溯到17世纪，其间有起有落。)”可知，Indnesia是种植咖啡最早的。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“They als make a famus Cappuccin (卡布奇诺咖啡) nt fund elsewhere—famus because it gets a dse f raw egg if that’s t yur liking. (他们还制作了一款在其他地方找不到的著名的卡布奇诺——出名是因为如果你喜欢的话，它会加一些生鸡蛋。)”可知，越南的特别之处在于那里生产一种独特的咖啡饮料。
3. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Brazilians are wild abut drinking their cffee and cnsume it all day lng. (巴西人喜欢喝咖啡，整天都在喝。)”和第三段中“Clmbians typically start their mrning with a tint. Itˈs a small cup f black cffee thatˈs sweetened with sugar. (哥伦比亚人通常以一杯tint开始他们的早晨。它是一小杯加糖的黑咖啡。)”可知，巴西和哥伦比亚的共同之处是都有喜欢喝咖啡的人。故选B。
4~7.【答案】C、B、A、D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者开展一个家庭扫盲计划，邀请了儿童书籍创作者詹姆斯·兰瑟姆来参加，詹姆斯发表了讲话，鼓励了很多家庭。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a dctral student, I served as a hstess fr famus authrs and illustratrs when they came t participate in the Ohi State University Childrenˈs Literature Cnference. I hsted such belved creatrs f childrenˈs bks as Nikki Grimes, Jerry Pinkney and James Ransme.(在读博士期间，我为前来参加俄亥俄州立大学儿童文学大会的著名作家和插画家担任主持人。我邀请了尼基·格莱姆斯、杰里·平克尼和詹姆斯·兰瑟姆等受人喜爱的儿童书籍创作者)”可知，当James参加会议时，是作者接待了他，从而接触。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I wanted t see what wuld happen when I expsed ten African American families with children t bks by and abut African Americans. I prvided each f the families with cpies f seven bks, five f which were illustrated by James.(我想看看当我让十个有孩子的非裔美国家庭阅读非裔美国人写的和关于非裔美国人的书时会发生什么。我给每个家庭提供了七本书，其中五本是詹姆斯的插图)”可知，James是一个非裔美国人。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The families participated in a series f five mnthly wrkshps, and the final event was a presentatin by James and an autgraph sessin with him. I believed this event wuld be a meaningful way t end the prgram, by having a famus illustratr f childrenˈs literature cme and talk abut his wrk, especially because the families and I had read and respnded t several f his bks ver the curse f the five wrkshps.(这些家庭参加了一系列每月五个的研讨会，最后的活动是詹姆斯的演讲和他的签名会。我相信这次活动将是结束这个项目的一个有意义的方式，让一位著名的儿童文学插画家来谈谈他的作品，特别是因为我和我的家人在五个研讨会的过程中阅读并回应了他的几本书)”可知，James在家庭扫盲计划中，对家庭发表了讲话。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Jamesˈs visit was infrmative and enlightening fr the families. A parent, Ashley, tld me that she sent a nte t her snˈs teacher abut having participated in the prgram and laned her snˈs autgraphed cpies f Jamesˈs bks fr the class t read. Lking back ver my career, this family-literacy prgram is ne f the accmplishments f which I am the prudest, and I am especially pleased that James was part f it.(詹姆斯的访问对这些家庭来说是有益的和有启发的。一位名叫阿什利的家长告诉我，她给儿子的老师发了一张便条，告诉他自己参加了这个项目，并把儿子亲笔签名的詹姆斯的书借给了全班学生阅读。回顾我的职业生涯，这个家庭扫盲计划是我最自豪的成就之一，我特别高兴詹姆斯是其中的一员)”可推知，Ashley对James的态度是“欣赏的”。故选D。
8~11.【答案】A、D、C、D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明群体成员倾向于反对群体外成员，文章介绍了研究开展的具体过程。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The bys were left in the dark abut the experiment. (孩子们对实验一无所知。)”和第二段中“Hwever, the campersˈ parents knew that their children were actually participating in a research study. (然而，营员的父母知道他们的孩子实际上是在参与一项研究。)”可知，1954年实验中的营员参加了一个象征性的夏令营。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“After a shrt perid f time, the bys became aware f the existence f the ther grup and began t speak negatively abut the ther grup. (过了很短的一段时间，男孩们开始意识到另一个群体的存在，并开始说另一个群体的坏话。)”可知，男孩对另一组的消极态度始于意识到另一个群体的存在。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Next, Sherif and his wrkmates tried having the tw grups wrk n cmmn gals. Fr example, the campˈs water supply was cut ff purpsely by the researchers, and the Eagles and the Rattlers wrked tgether t fix the prblem. (接下来，谢里夫和他的同事们试着让两个小组为共同的目标而努力。例如，研究人员故意切断了营地的供水，老鹰队和响尾蛇队共同努力解决了这个问题。)”可知，营地的供水被切断了是为了让两组人为了一个共同的目标而工作。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“After a shrt perid f time, the bys became aware f the existence f the ther grup and began t speak negatively abut the ther grup. Then the researchers arranged a cmpetitive turnament between the grups, cnsisting f games such as baseball and tug-f-war and the relatinship between the tw grups quickly became tense. The campers rated their wn grup mre psitively than the rival (对立) grup. (过了很短的一段时间，男孩们开始意识到另一个群体的存在，并开始说另一个群体的坏话。然后，研究人员在两组之间安排了一场竞争性比赛，包括棒球和拔河等游戏，两组之间的关系很快变得紧张起来。营员们对自己那一组的评价比对手那一组更积极。)”可知，在这个实验过程中，两个组的孩子们在得知对方存在的时候，就开始表现出敌意，后面的研究项目是看在什么情况下敌意会加剧，什么情况下敌意会被消除。故可推知，Sherif的实验可以得出结论：群体成员倾向于反对群体外成员。故选D。
12~15.【答案】D、B、A、C
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了海滨城市的照明对珊瑚的影响。这些照明产生的光会使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对其产生不利影响。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Fr the histry f life n Earth, rganisms have relied n the light f the sun, mn, and stars t find their way and schedule their lives. While the beginning f electric lighting in the late 19th century may have benefited humans, it has caused prblems in the natural wrld. Amng the impacts f artificial light at night(ALAN), light pllutin lures migrating birds t cities with shcking cnsequences, cntributes t the alarming decline in insect ppulatins, and cnvinces sea turtle babies t amble(缓行)away frm the water instead f twards it.(在地球上生命的历史中，生物一直依靠太阳、月亮和星星的光来找到自己的路，安排自己的生活。虽然19世纪末开始的电灯可能给人类带来了好处，但它也给自然界带来了问题。在夜间人造光(ALAN)的影响中，光污染将候鸟吸引到城市，带来令人震惊的后果，导致昆虫数量惊人的下降，并使海龟宝宝远离水而不是靠近水。)”可知，文章第一段介绍了始于 19 世末的人造光源对自然产生的不好的影响，结合第二段“Nw, a new study frm the University f Plymuth adds anther disappinting finding abut hw ALAN is affecting the creatures with whm we share the planet: Light pllutin frm castal cities can trick crals(珊瑚)int reprducing utside f the ptimum times when they wuld nrmally reprduce.(现在，普利茅斯大学的一项新研究增加了另一个令人失望的发现，即ALAN如何影响与我们共享地球的生物：沿海城市的光污染会诱使珊瑚在正常繁殖的最佳时间之外繁殖。)”讲述文章主题是阐述人造光对于珊瑚的危害可推断，第一段的目的是提出提供了背景信息。故选D。
2. 词句猜测题。分析句子可知，后面的定语从句“when they wuld nrmally reprduce(当它们正常繁殖的时候)”修饰the ptimum time可知“the ptimum times”指的是“珊瑚正常的繁殖时间”，所以画线词与apprpriate“合适的，恰当的”。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“The cmplete lss f crals is anticipated ver the next 100 years.( 预计珊瑚将在未来100年内完全消失。)”可知，研究人员最大的担心是珊瑚的灭绝。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第二段“Nw, a new study frm the University f Plymuth adds anther disappinting finding abut hw ALAN is affecting the creatures with whm we share the planet: Light pllutin frm castal cities can trick crals(珊瑚)int reprducing utside f the ptimum times when they wuld nrmally reprduce.(现在，普利茅斯大学的一项新研究增加了另一个令人失望的发现，即ALAN如何影响与我们共享地球的生物：沿海城市的光污染会诱使珊瑚在正常繁殖的最佳时间之外繁殖。)”可知，本文主要介绍了海滨城市的照明对珊瑚的影响。这些照明产生的光会使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对其产生不利影响，因此 C 项“海岸灯光诱使珊瑚提早产卵”为合适的标题。故选C。
16~20.【答案】B、G、C、D、A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了教育如何进行改变，以更好地适应21世纪发生的变化。
1. 根据下文“One is a shift in the meaning f knwledge, and the ther is the need t build educatin systems based arund what we nw knw abut learning.”（一个是知识意义的转变，另一个是建立基于我们现在对学习的了解的教育系统的需要。）可知，这里提出了两种观念，因而空处应是对后文内容的提示，阐述有两种观点。选项B“There are tw imprtant ideas that supprt this wrk.”（有两个重要的观点,可以支持这项工作。）符合题意，故选B项。
2. 根据上文“The term “knwledge age” r “knwledge ecnmy” refers t a rerganizatin away frm an Industrial Age ecnmy, where explitatin (开采) f natural resurces, primary prductin and mass prductin were the standard mdels fr ecnmic develpment. ”（“知识时代”或“知识经济”一词指的是工业时代经济的重组，在工业时代，自然资源的开发开采、初级生产和大规模生产是经济发展的标准模式。)提到了工业时代的情况。所以空处应该承接前文，讲述知识时代的情形。选项G“In the knwledge age, the ability t generate value is put in the first place.”（在知识时代，创造价值的能力被放在首位。）开始讲述知识时代的情况，和前文的工业时代形成对比。下文“This is achieved thrugh the rapid creatin f new knwledge and has becme the basis fr ecnmic develpment. ”（这是通过快速创造新知识来实现的，并已成为经济发展的基础。）中的This是知识时代的指代，故选G项。
3. 根据后文“Nr des it deny the need fr bvius gals fr studentsˈ knwledge develpment.”（它也不否认学生的知识发展需要明确的目标。）可知本句用了否定词置于句首的部分倒装，结合nr一词可知空处也要用否定，选项C“This des nt mean that knwledge n lnger matters.”这并不意味着知识不再重要。）与后文在句式和语义上的衔接顺畅，符合题意。故选C项。
4. 根据前文“Research clearly shws that peple d nt learn well as passive recipients (接受者) f pre-packaged, bite-sized pieces f knwledge.”（研究清楚地表明，被动接受预先包装好的、零碎的知识不会让人学得很好。）可知，此处作者提出了他不赞长的“被动灌输”的学习的方式，因此，空处应该是作者认可的学习方式。选项D“Gd learning requires active engagement in the “whle game”.”（良好的学习需要积极参与“整个游戏”。），表明积极参与是有利于学习的，符合题意，故选D项。
5. 根据前文“Althugh sme f these principles are understd by many teachers, ur educatin systems and practices are ften set up in ways that d nt supprt these principles t perate in practice. Teachers and schl leaders are attempting paradigm (范式) shifts. ”（虽然其中一些原则被许多教师所理解，但我们 教育系统和实践往往是以不支持这些原则在实践中运作的方式建立起来的。教师和学校领导正在尝试范式转变。）可知，许多教师理解的原则在实践中并不被教育系统所支持，大大促使教师和学校领导要做出转变。作为段落的结尾句，应该提出对于教师和学校领导的转变要有支持。选项A“There needs t be wider public supprt fr them.”（他们需要得到更广泛的公众支持。）中的“them”指代前文的“teachers and schl leaders”，符合题意，故选A项。
21~35.【答案】B、D、A、C、D、A、C、B、C、D、A、D、A、C、B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和自己的宠物狗（迪奥）之间的故事。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它用四条短腿走路，像个上了发条的玩具，头重脚轻。A. rlled翻滚；B. walked步行；C. stretched伸展；D. shk摇晃。根据下文“ fur shrt legs”及“ he tried t waddle( 蹒跚行走)dwn the three brick stairs”可知，这里指迪奥走起来像一个上了发条的玩具，故选B。
2. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：每当它摇摇摆摆地走下我家前廊的三层砖楼梯时，它就会倒立，尾巴在空中摇摆。A. cheer up使振作起来；B. stand up站立；C. shw up出现；露面；D. end up最终成为；以……结束。根据上文“he was tp-heavy”及“he tried t waddle (蹒跚行走) dwn the three brick stairs n ur frnt prch”可知，这里指迪奥在蹒跚走下楼梯过程中，因为头重脚轻，这样就是使它倒立。故选D。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当它摇摇摆摆地走下我家前廊的三层砖楼梯时，它就会倒立，尾巴在空中摇摆。A. air空气；B. distance距离；C. pen户外；野外；D. light光。根据句中“he was tp-heavy”及“ding a handstand with his tail waving”可知，因为倒立的缘故，所以它（迪奥）的尾巴翘起来在空中。故选A。
4. 考查动词和动词短语词义辨析。句意：因此，它不可能走完我们家两层楼之间的17级台阶。A. avid避免；B. care abut在意；关心；C. manage设法完成；D. knck int撞上；碰上。根据上文“Anytime he tried t waddle(蹒跚行走)dwn the three brick stairs n ur frnt prch, he wuld 2 ding a handstand with his tail waving in the 3 ”可知，因为它（迪奥）上三层楼梯都会倒立，可推知，这里指它不能完成17级楼梯。故选C。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，它不可能走完我们家两层楼之间的17级台阶。A. rms房间；B. stairways楼梯；阶梯；C. walls墙壁；D. flrs楼层。根据上文“the seventeen steps between the tw”及下文“f ur huse”和“t g dwnstairs”可知，这里指作者家里是两层楼。故选D。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我得把它抱上楼，当它想再下来的时候，它就呆在楼梯顶上，可怜巴巴地叫着，引起我的注意。A. carry携带；B. hide隐藏；C. feed饲养；D. lead带领。根据上文“Di, had grwn t ten punds”及“Anytime he tried t waddle(蹒跚行走)dwn the three brick stairs n ur frnt prch, he wuld 2 ding a handstand”和“there was n way he culd 4 the seventeen steps between the tw 5 f ur huse.”可知，只有10磅的迪奥下楼总会发生倒立。因此迪奥要下两层楼之间的17级台阶是不可能的。可推知，它上楼要靠作者把它带上来。故选A。
7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我得把它抱上楼，当它想再下来的时候，它就呆在楼梯顶上，可怜巴巴地叫着，引起我的注意。A. madly疯狂地；发疯地；B. willingly乐意地；C. pitifully可怜地；D. shamelessly无耻地。根据上文“when he wanted t cme dwn again he wuld stay at the tp f the stairs, barking”及下文“ fr my attentin”可知，迪奥上楼要靠作者把它带上楼，所以下楼时，它只能用吠叫来引起作者的注意，这在作者看来是可怜的。故选C。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当它的小腿长到足以让它的胖肚子不会蹭楼梯时，我决定是时候让它学会自己下楼了。A. strng强壮的；坚强的；B. lng长的；C. flexible灵活的；D. heavy重的。根据下文“keep his fat belly frm scraping(剐蹭)every stair”可知，10磅时的小迪奥下楼时会发生倒立，说明腿太短；这里它的肚子已经不会剐蹭到楼梯，可推知，它的小腿已经长的很长，腿的长度可以让它的肚子不蹭楼梯。故选B。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当它的小腿长到足以让他的胖肚子不会蹭楼梯时，我决定是时候让它学会自己下楼了。A. seek寻求；寻找；B. pretend假装；C. learn学习；D. expect期待。根据下文“ g dwnstairs n his wn”可知，此处指要让它学会自己下楼，故选C。
10. 考查短语词义辨析。句意：它讨厌整个过程的每一秒——除了每一步最后我给它的奖励。A. instead f代替；而不是；B. thanks t幸亏；C. depending n依赖；D. except fr除……之外。根据下文“the treats I gave him at the bttm f each step”可知，每完成一个台阶，作者会给它一个奖励，可推知，对于这个奖励，它是喜欢的，所以在此之外的每个时间它都是讨厌的。故选D。
11. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我会先拍拍它，然后抓住它的前腿，轻轻地把它们放在下一个台阶上，然后是它的后腿。A. gently轻轻地；B. randmly随机地；C. quickly迅速地；D. awkwardly笨拙地。根据上文“I wuld pat(轻拍)him first”可以看出作者在教会迪奥下楼时的动作是轻柔地，故选A。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦它不再发抖，我就用同样的方法帮它下到下一个台阶。A. drive驾驶；B. fllw跟随；C. thrw扔；D. help帮助。根据上文“ hld his frnt legs and 11 place them n the next step dwn and then his back legs”可知，这里指作者在教迪奥下楼，即作者帮助它。故选D。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们到达底部时，它会跑开，因为我让它面对恐惧而感到不安。A. upset不高兴的；心烦的；B. disappinted失望的；C. regretful后悔的；D. suspicius怀疑的。根据下文“I had made him face his fear”可知，作者让它面对恐惧，这让它觉得不开心。故选A。
14. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：有一天，我注意到它走到楼梯的一半，停了下来，转身，然后自己跑下楼。A. g frward发生；前进；B. run abut到处乱跑；C. turn arund转过身；D. get away离开；逃脱。根据上文“I nticed him g halfway up the stairs stp”及下文“and then run back dwn the stairs”可知，这里指狗下楼梯过程中，停下来后转过身。故选C。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它反复这样做。它在练习! A. watching观看；B. practicing练习；C. thinking思考；D. withdrawing撤销。根据上文“ He was ding this repeatedly”可知，此处指狗在练习。故选B。
36.【答案】【小题1】
clsely
【小题2】
is lcated
【小题3】
a
【小题4】
in
【小题5】
t cmbine
【小题6】
themed
【小题7】
sectins
【小题8】
reflecting
【小题9】
digital
【小题10】
which
【解析】1. 考查副词。句意：将展出约6000件与北京和古运河密切相关的展品。空处需要副词修后面的动词。故填clsely。
2. 考查固定搭配以及时态。句意：“北京大运河博物馆，也被称为首都博物馆东分馆，位于北京市行政中心，总建筑面积为99700平方米，”首都博物馆负责博物馆藏品的冯浩说。be lcated in“坐落于……”。本句话描述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语为单数。故填is lcated。
3. 考查冠词。句意：“北京大运河博物馆，也被称为首都博物馆东分馆，位于北京市行政中心，总建筑面积为99700平方米，”首都博物馆负责博物馆藏品的冯浩说。a ttal f“总计，总数为……”。故填a。
4. 考查介词。句意：“北京大运河博物馆，也被称为首都博物馆东分馆，位于北京市行政中心，总建筑面积为99700平方米，”首都博物馆负责博物馆藏品的冯浩说。in charge f“负责”。故填in。
5. 考查动词不定式。句意：新博物馆每天可接待6000名游客，其设计结合了船只、帆船和水元素，展示了大运河的文化。be designed t d sth.“被设计来做某事”。故填t cmbine。
6. 考查形容词。句意：展区分为基本展区、主题展区、开放展区和临时展区。空处需要形容词和“basic, pen, temprary”作并列的定语修饰后面的名词。themed为形容词“特定主题的”。故填themed。
7. 考查可数名词的复数。句意：展区分为基本展区、主题展区、开放展区和临时展区。sectin“部分”为可数名词，根据上文内容可知有多个展区，名词应用复数形式。故填sectins。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“游客可以通过数字技术在开放展区享受反映北京和大运河主题的互动体验，”冯说。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作定语。该动词和被修饰的名词an interactive experience之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填reflecting。
9. 考查形容词。句意：“游客可以通过数字技术在开放展区享受反映北京和大运河主题的互动体验，”冯说。空处需要形容词修饰后面的名词作定语。故填digital。
10. 考查定语从句。句意：大运河连接中国东部浙江省的北京和杭州，有着2500多年的历史，是中国古代重要的交通路线。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the Grand Canal。先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系副词which引导该从句。故填which。
37.【答案】One pssible versin:
One week later, I gt an email frm Dad. He had gd news fr me that his talk with the wner f Lve Dad went very smthly. As the restaurant wner, wh they called Mr. Penn, is getting ld and finding it t much fr him t handle all the chres, he gladly accepted my parents as partners t run the restaurant n ne cnditin: they had t keep it secret whse parents they are, which they readily accepted and planned t start wrk tw mnths later.
One day, I was sitting in Lve Dad again. While waiting t be served, I glanced ver the custmers, thinking maybe ne f them was Mr. Pennˈs sn r daughter. Then I tk ut my phne t scrll thrugh the daily news. When my dishes were served, I lked up frm my phne and saw Mm standing beside me, smiling. I managed nt t shw my excitement and smiled back. The meal that day tasted especially nice. When checking ut, I tk a card n which a family scene was drawn. The sentence beside the picture read, “Even when we grw up, we are still ur parentsˈ kids.”
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述作者经常听说附近有一家叫“爱爸爸”的小餐馆，店内氛围温馨，让人有家的感觉。主人公每次路过都会进去享受氛围，缓解思乡之情。上个月，主人公回家度假时向父母提到这家餐馆，建议他们退休后加入经营餐馆。父母对此很感兴趣，决定亲自处理此事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“一个星期后，我收到爸爸的一封电子邮件。”可知，第一段可描写作者收到爸爸的邮件，得知加入餐馆经营的进展。
②由第二段首句内容“有一天，我又坐在Lve Dad里。”可知，第二段可描写作者再次来到餐馆用餐，遇到已经开始上班的妈妈。作者万分激动，觉得那天的饭菜尝起来特别好吃。
2.续写线索：收到邮件——得知父母成为餐馆合伙人——再次到餐馆用餐——见到开始上班的妈妈——觉得饭菜特别好吃——带走卡片
3.词汇激活
行为类
①处理：handle/deal with/manage
②开始：start/begin
③表现：shw/express
情绪类
①高兴地：gladly/happily/jyfully
②欣然地：readily/willingly
【点睛】[高分句型1] He had gd news fr me that his talk with the wner f Lve Dad went very smthly.(运用了that引导同位语从句)
[高分句型2] When my dishes were served, I lked up frm my phne and saw Mm standing beside me, smiling.(运用了when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型3] When checking ut, I tk a card n which a family scene was drawn.(运用了“介词+关系代词”引导限制性定语从句)
38.【答案】One pssible versin:
Dear Paul,
Hw are yu? Iˈm excited t receive yur last email and learn abut yur passin fr Chinese idims.
Chinese idims are an essential part f the Chinese language, histry and culture. Behind each f them there is a stry, which implies imprtant lessns abut life. There are a lt f texts, images and vides n the Internet abut them, frm which yu can learn a great deal. Itˈs als beneficial t search fr sentences cntaining the idims yu are learning.
I believe yur knwledge abut China will be enriched thrugh yur explratin f Chinese idims. Hpefully, we can share ur ideas abut them.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给新西兰的朋友Paul写一份邮件，告诉他对中国成语的认识以及给他一些如何学习中国成语的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
兴奋的：excited→thrilled
重要的：essential→vital
许多：a lt f→a number f
激情：passin→flame
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Hpefully, we can share ur ideas abut them.
拓展句：Hpefully, we can share ur ideas abut them, which will deepen yur understanding f these idims.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 Behind each f them there is a stry, which implies imprtant lessns abut life. （运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句）
【高分句型2】 There are a lt f texts, images and vides n the Internet abut them, frm which yu can learn a great deal.（运用了介词+which引导的非限定性定语从句）