2024年吉林省长春市高考英语质检试卷（四）（含详细答案解析）

这是一份2024年吉林省长春市高考英语质检试卷（四）（含详细答案解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Red leaves are a symbl f autumn.Enjying red leaves in the clear and refreshing autumn weather is indeed a gd chice.
Nw let's have a lk at the best red leaves arund China and the beauty f autumn.
Destinatin 1
With different red clrs，the Red Leaf Valley extends mre than 50 kilmeters frm Jiefang village in Qingling twn t Yanjiang village in Sngjiang twn，Jilin prvince，Nrtheast China.Leaves are like different red pigments（颜料），including Chinese red，range red，ruby red and bright red.
Best time：Octber
Destinatin 2
Tachuan r Tashang village is in Huangshan city，Anhui prvince，East China.The beautiful autumn scenery there is knwn as ne f the fur best in China.The red leaves and clear spring add beauty t traditinal huses，ffering material fr phtgraphy lvers.
Best time：early Nvember
Destinatin 3
As a result f lw temperatures，maple leaves in areas suth f the Yangtze River are like shy girls，gradually shwing their beauty，turning frm green t gld，gld t range and finally t red.And as it changes slwly，different clrs can be seen n the same trees called"clrful maple trees".Viewing at the muntainside is the best chice.
Best time：Octber t Nvember
Destinatin 4
Fr Guangdng prvince in Suth China，autumn always cmes a little late and lasts lnger.Thrugh the end f January，yu can see the red leaves any time yu want.If yu feel pity at saying gd-bye t red leaves in Nrth China，yu can head t Suth China t view the beautiful scenery again.
Best time：late Nvember t end f January
1.Which f the turist spts has the shrtest best-viewing perid？ ______
A. Destinatin 1.B. Destinatin 2.C. Destinatin 3.D. Destinatin 4.
2.What can we learn frm the text？ ______
A. Tachuan has the best red leaves in China.
B. Turists can enjy the mst clurful leaves in Jilin prvince.
C. In Guangdng prvince，red leaves can be seen at any time thrughut the year.
D. Map le leaves in areas suth f the Yangtze take n mre clrs because f weather.
3.What is the purpse f writing this text？ ______
A. T attract phtgraphy lvers.
B. T intrduce different places f interest.
C. T give advice n hw t spend autumn.
D. T recmmend sme red leaves viewing places.
B
Raised in a fatherless hme，my father was extremely tightfisted twards us children.His attitude didn't sften as I grew int adulthd and drifted away t cllege.I had t ride the bus whenever I came hme.Thugh the bus stpped abut tw miles frm hme，Dad never met me，even in cld weather.If I grumbled（嘟囔），he'd say in his ludest father vice，"That's what yur legs are fr!"
The walk didn't bther me as much as the fear f walking alne alng the highway and cuntry rads.I als felt less than valued that my father didn't seem cncerned abut my safety.That feeling was canceled ne spring evening.
It had been a particularly difficult week at cllege after lng hurs in labs.I lnged fr hme.When the bus reached a stp，I stepped ff and dragged my suitcase t begin the lng jurney hme.
A rw f hedge（篱笆） edged the driveway that climbed the hill t ur huse.Once I had turned ff the highway t start the last lap f my jurney，I was always relieved t see the hedge because it meant that I was almst hme.On that particular evening，the hedge had just cme int view when I saw smething gray mving alng the tp f the hedge，mving tward the huse.Upn clser bservatin，I realized it was the tp f my father's head.Then I knew，each time I'd cme hme，he had std behind the hedge，watching，until he knew I had arrived safely.I swallwed hard against the threatening tears.He did care，after all.
On later visits，that spt f gray became my watchtwer.I culd hardly wait until I was clse enugh t watch fr its secret mvement abve the greenery.Upn reaching hme，I wuld find my father sitting inncently in his chair."S!My sn，it's yu!"he'd say，his face lengthening int pretended surprise.
I replied，"Yes，Dad，it's me.I'm hme."
4.What did the authr think f the tw-mile walk hme？ ______
A. It reflected his value.
B. It was the mst trublesme.
C. It wasn't ranked number ne in his cncerns.
D. It was extremely unbearable in cld weathers.
5.Hw did the authr feel when he saw the hedge？ ______
A. Disappinted.B. Hpeful.C. Frustrated.D. Regretful.
6.Why did the authr's father watch behind the hedge？ ______
A. The authr ften changed rutes back hme.
B. He wanted t help the authr build up curage.
C. He was really cncerned abut his sn's safety.
D. That was the nly way he culd express his lve.
7.Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text？ ______
A. Father's Secret.B. My Childhd Life.
C. Terrible Jurney Hme.D. Riding Bus Alne.
C
Were yu t jin a marathn，yu might think yu'd wander int a nightmare.Muths kept shut，runners cver miles breathing just thrugh their nses—smetimes hlding their breath fr quite a while.
Beynd adpting a new technique，marathn runners can expect t see an imprvement by reviewing n the breathing basics.Studies suggest that 10 percent t 14 percent f wmen are shallw breathers，ver-breathers r muth-breathers，all f which culd restrict mvement f the ribeage（胸腔） and create a build-up f tensin in the upper bdy and tightness in the chest.
And while this may nt bther yu when yu're sitting at yur desk，it's a different stry when yu begin a wrkut.The biggest mistake that Prfessr Dickinsn sees is when athletes want t maintain-r pick up- speed."When yu're wrking harder，yu dn't tell yur heart t beat faster.It just knws that it needs t，"he says，adding that the same is true f yur breathing.He explains that yur bdy is built with neurns called chemreceptrs，which tell yur muscles when they need t breathe mre.
S hw shuld yu be breathing during an intense wrkut？Prfessr Dickinsn recmmends athletes take basic breath pattern mastery，befre mving n t respiratry muscle（呼吸肌） training.
"Sme peple accept that the breathlessness they experience when exercising is just their nrms and that they've reached the limit they can push themselves t in their wrkuts，"says Prfessr Dickinsn.But cmmitting t these techniques，he explains，culd be impactful n yur perfrmance.Hwever，thse wh have high bld pressure，shuld check their cnditins befre getting t wrk n their breath."In sme cases，it culd be that yu're nly breathing at 80 percent f yur capacity，s increasing that percentage by practicing breathing exercises can have a huge impact n yur fitness perfrmance，"Prfessr Dickinsn adds.The results just might be breathtaking.
8.Why des the authr cmpare a marathn t a nightmare？ ______
A. Because they are bth lng in distance.
B. Because they are bth time-cnsuming.
C. Because peple in bth situatins need a new technique.
D. Because peple in bth situatins breathe in similar ways.
9.Accrding t Prfessr Dickinsn，what will happen when yu're wrking ut harder？ ______
A. Yu will make the biggest mistake.
B. Yu will adjust yur heartbeat intentinally.
C. Neurns will tell yur muscles t breathe mre.
D. The heart will knw it needs t wrk.
10.What shuld high bld pressure patients d befre wrking n their breath？ ______
A. Have a health check.
B. Make a wrkut plan.
C. Track their perfrmances.
D. Check their bld pressure meters.
11.Wh is the passage intended fr？ ______
A. Peple with high bld pressure.B. Marathn enthusiasts.
C. Office ladies.D. Health cnsultants.
D
Travellers arriving at r leaving frm Stuttgart's main railway statin shuld be warned.They must allw an extra 10-15 minutes t get ut f the building r get t the platfrms t catch a train，because f an ugly maze f deturs （绕路） arund Germany's biggest cnstructin site."It has been like this since I was at schl 13 years ag，"shrugs the barista at a nearby cffee shp.
The ambitius plan fr a new statin in the capital f Baden-Württemberg，ne f Germany's mst prsperus states and hme t Daimler-Benz，Bsch and Prsche，was t be an advertisement fr the state's engineering prwess.By relcating tracks and platfrms largely undergrund，it was suppsed t speed up jurneys t ther places in Germany and all ver Eurpe，while reclaiming（开拓） space fr shps，husing and parkland in the centre f twn.The city picked a design by Christph Ingenhven，a cl mdernist architect frm Düsseldrf，and the late Frei Ott，winner f the prestigius Pritzker prize fr architecture.
But its fate has been similar t that f Berlin's new airprt，which was cmpleted after a nine-year delay in 2020，having exceeded its budget by mre than €4 bn（＄4.7 bn）."Stuttgart21"（named fr the 21st century） was meant t be cmpleted by the end f 2019 at a cst f€4.5 bn.It is nw frecast t be finished by 2025，and the cst may rise t nearly €12 bn.The mega-site currently emplys sme 6，000 cnstructin wrkers，wh even have their wn priest，Peter Maile，t prvide （much-needed） pastral care.The bsses f Deutsche Bahn may need the cnslatin f religin t.The lss-making German railway peratr is in curt，fighting the state，city，regin and airprt ver wh will cver Stuttgart 21's exrbitant additinal csts.
Fr sme，Stuttgart 21 remains an awesme engineering masterpiece in the making；fr thers it is a bttmless pit wasting mre and mre taxpayers' cash.In June the statin culd have celebrated the tpping-ut ceremny f its main building.Oddly enugh，n ne felt much like an undergrund party，r indeed any party at all.
12.What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text？ ______
A. Security checks at the statin are very strict.
B. Trains in Stuttgart are ften abut ten minutes late.
C. Cafes near the statin are very ppular with travellers.
D. The cnstructin f the statin has presented incnvenience.
13.Why des the authr mentin Berlin's new airprt in paragraph 3？ ______
A. T emphasize the urge nt need fr the new airprt.
B. T explain the ptential functin f the new statin.
C. T stress the additinal large price f the new statin.
D. T intrduce the utstanding designers f the new airprt.
14.What d the underlined wrds"cnslatin"in paragraph 3 mean？ ______
A. Punishment.B. Cmfrt.C. Influence.D. Memry.
15.What is the authr's attitude tward the new statin？ ______
A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Apprving.D. Unclear.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
Many peple desire strnger，mre authentic friendships as an adult.（1） ______ .Hw d yu skip the awkward chit-chat phase and hit the fast-frward buttn n a ptential friendship？I've learned a few things.
Give yurself permissin t bre peple
We all knw the safe tpics t brach （引入） when yu first meet smene.But this tendency t play it safe can delay knwing whether yu are cmpatible （志趣相投的） with a ptential friend.（2） ______ ."What d yu think is the best televisin finale f all time？"This is a great cnversatin starter as lng as it interests yu.And if the ther persn slwly backs away，then yu've just saved yurself hurs f chatting.
（ 3） ______
Often ur friendships feel superficial because they are built n a fundatin f gssip.This is because it's human nature t fcus n a third persn when we are anxius.We share spicy updates abut frmer classmates with ur high schl friends，r grab a drink with clleagues and cmplain abut the bss.But a friendship built n gssip can leave bth peple feeling exhausted and depressed after they hang ut.
If a friend starts t give yu updates n ther peple yu knw，it can be helpful t say，"I want t hear abut what's ging n with yu."Or yu can ask yurself，"What wuld I share abut myself if I were with my best friend right nw？"（4） ______ .
Be curius abut wh peple are，and wh they want t be
（ 5） ______ .They are als able t share their struggles withut fear f judgment.A great way t deepen a friendship is t ask smene，"What has been challenging fr yu the last year？"Or"What's a belief yu have that has changed ver the curse f yur life？"These are questins we rarely ask each ther，but they reveal s much abut wh we are，and wh we're trying t be.
A.Fcus n the gssip
B.Cut back n the gssip
C.Then jump t the heart f things
D.Rather than sticking with superficial chatter，g straight t what excites yu
E.True friends strive t knw each ther's thinking abut difficult subjects
F.But the prcess f building these relatinships can prve slw and frustrating
G.Ask yurself what's wrth sharing abut yurself and knwing abut thers
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
A father saw that his 11 year ld sn was crying silently.He asked him，"What's the matter，sn？"The yung by replied，"My rich classmates laughed at me and called me sn f the （1） ______ .They said that my father lived nly n the mney he earns frm watering and feeding plants fr peple".The father （2） ______ fr a mment and then said，"Cme with me，sn.Let's plant sme flwers.It might cheer yu up."
He held his hand and （3） ______ him t the garden.Then he tk ut sme flwer seeds and said，"Let's （4） ______ an experiment.We will plant tw flwers （5） ______ .I will care fr ne and yu will care fr the ther.I will water mine with the clean water frm the lake while yu will water yurs with （6） ______ water frm the pnd.We shall see the （7） ______ in the weeks t cme."The sn was （8） ______ as he jined his father in planting the flwers.It tk them sme days t finely sprut the flwer seeds.They cared fr them and watched them grw.
Later n，the father brught his sn t the garden and said t him，"Lk at the tw flwers and tell me yur （9） ______ ."The by respnded，"My flwer lks better and healthier than yurs.Hw is that （10） ______ when yur water is cleaner？"The father smiled and then said，"That's because dirty water desn't （11） ______ a plant frm grwing.Rather，it （12） ______ as rganic fertilizer t help it flurish.S dn't let the harsh wrds frm peple （13） ______ yu.Instead，let it （14） ______ yu int being a better persn and ding s，yu will be like the plant and will flurish even in the midst f dirt like （15） ______ and harsh wrds."
21.A. explrerB. salesmanC. gardenerD. bilgist
22.A. waitedB. pausedC. criedD. sighed
23.A. walkedB. admittedC. drveD. expsed
24.A. carry utB. wrk utC. bring utD. make ut
25.A. secretlyB. casuallyC. patientlyD. separately
26.A. cldB. dirtyC. warmD. clear
27.A. fruitB. utcmeC. benefitD. effrt
28.A. delightedB. qualifiedC. satisfiedD. determined
29.A. lessnB. feelingC. bservatinD. expectatin
30.A. necessaryB. availableC. vitalD. pssible
31.A. prtectB. stpC. remveD. save
32.A. servesB. endsC. startsD. passes
33.A. warnB. persuadeC. mveD. affect
34.A. frceB. persuadeC. encurageD. cheat
35.A. cnflictB. tensinC. negativityD. dilemma
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36.Lking fr the best vegetarian vacatins in China？We've arranged China turs fr vegetarians with acceptable cuisine.Eating ut while traveling （1） ______ a vegetarian wn't be tricky；instead，yu can enjy inspiring destinatins and varius cultures.
Previusly mst Chinese vegetarians were Buddhists & Taists；but nw mre and mre Chinese peple fcus mre n （2） ______ （ they） health.By 2018，there had been mre than50 millin veggies in China，（ 3） ______ the number is still increasing.The vast land f China （4） ______ （ ffer） many fresh vegetables，seasnal fruits，ndles，rice，tfu and yummy dishes （5） ______ are all fine fr vegetarians.
On ur （6） ______ （ guide） vegetarian fd turs f China，yu dn't need t wrry abut anything.There are many slutins if yu'd like t fcus n a meat-free trip.We select clean and （7） ______ （ high） rated vegetarian restaurants at every destinatin.Furthermre，yur lcal guide will take yu t discver and sample （8） ______ wide range f unique vegan snacks and street fds at the traditinal wet market and back streets，（ 9） ______ （ make）yur vegetarian travel t China full f delights.
The ther wnderful thing abut vegan vacatins in China，f curse，is that immersive cultural （10） ______ （ explre） and real life adventure are always n the menu.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。
37.假定你是李华，你校将举办一场面向留学生的中国传统美食节。请你向学校英文报投稿，介绍并宣传此次活动，内容包括：
①活动内容；
②活动意义；
③邀请留学生参与。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Chinese Traditinal Fd Festival______
38.I remember a time when I learned the true meaning f frgiveness.It was a perid in my life that tested my patience and my ability t understand thers.
It all started when I was in middle schl.I had a clse friend named Emily，and we spent a lt f time tgether.One day，Emily intrduced me t a new girl in ur class，named Olivia.Olivia was quiet and shy，but we quickly became friends as well.
One afternn，after schl，we were all wrking n a prject in the classrm.As we were discussing ur ideas，Olivia suddenly exclaimed ut smething that cmpletely cntradicted what I had been saying.I was shcked and felt a little embarrassed.I tried t explain my pint f view，but Olivia was very stubbrn and insisted n her wn idea.
Emily，wh was sitting next t me，tried t mediate （调节） the situatin.But Olivia gt angry and said sme unkind wrds t me.I was hurt and angry，and I culdn't believe that Olivia wuld treat me like that.I strmed ut f the classrm，leaving Emily and Olivia behind.
The next few days were very difficult fr me.I avided Olivia as much as pssible，and ur friendship with Emily seemed t be stressed.I felt like I had been betrayed by Olivia，and I culdn't understand why she wuld d such a thing.
One day，I asked Emily why she was still friends with Olivia after what she had dne.Emily lked at me with a sad expressin and said，"Yu knw，Olivia has been thrugh a lt lately.Her parents are ging thrugh a divrce，and she's really struggling.Maybe she was rude t yu because she was feeling verwhelmed and insecure."
Hearing this，I felt a surge f guilt.I realized that I hadn't taken the time t understand Olivia's situatin.I had been t quick t judge her and t fcused n my wn feelings f hurt.I decided t talk t Olivia and aplgize fr my behavir.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When I fund Olivia，she was sitting alne in the hallway.______
Olivia accepted my aplgy and we had a lng cnversatin.__________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、D、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据Destinatin 1部分的Best time：Octber（最佳时间：10月）；Destinatin 2部分的Best time：early Nvember（最佳时间：11月初）；Destinatin 3部分的Best time：Octber t Nvember（最佳时间：10月到11月）；Destinatin 4部分的Best time：late Nvember t end f January（最佳时间：11月下旬至1月底），可知Destinatin 2的最佳观赏期最短，故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据Destinatin 3部分的As a result f lw temperatures，maple leaves in areas suth f the Yangtze River are like shy girls，gradually shwing their beauty，turning frm green t gld，gld t range and finally t red.And as it changes slwly，different clrs can be seen n the same trees called"clrful maple trees"（由于低温的影响，长江以南地区的枫叶就像害羞的女孩一样，逐渐展现出它们的美丽，从绿色变成金色，从金色变成橙色，最后变成红色。随着它的缓慢变化，在同一棵树上可以看到不同的颜色，被称为"彩色枫树"），可知由于天气原因，长江以南地区的地图树叶呈现出更多的颜色。，故选D。
（3）目的意图题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段Nw let's have a lk at the best red leaves arund China and the beauty f autumn（现在让我们来看看中国最好的红叶和秋天的美丽），可知本文的目的是推荐一些红叶观赏地，故选D。
这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了中国各地欣赏红叶的最佳地点和时间。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】C、B、C、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段的The walk didn't bther me as much as the fear f walking alne alng the highway and cuntry rads（步行两英里并没有像独自走在高速公路和乡间小路上那样让我烦恼），可知对步行两英里回家不是作者最担心的事，故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的A rw f hedge（篱笆） edged the driveway that climbed the hill t ur huse.Once I had turned ff the highway t start the last lap f my jurney，I was always relieved t see the hedge because it meant that I was almst hme（一排树篱沿着通往我们家的上坡车道。当我离开高速公路开始旅程的最后一圈时，看到树篱我总是松了一口气，因为这意味着我几乎要回家了），可知作者看到树篱时会觉得充满希望，故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段的Then I knew，each time I'd cme hme，he had std behind the hedge，watching，until he knew I had arrived safely.I swallwed hard against the threatening tears.He did care，after all（然后我知道，每次我回家，他都站在树篱后面看着，直到他知道我已经安全到达。我强忍着威胁的泪水咽了下去。毕竟，他确实很在乎），可知作者的父亲在树篱后面看着是因为他真的很关心儿子的安全，故选C。
（4）标题判断题。通读全文，可知本文讲述了作者的父亲表面上不关心自己的孩子，实际上会躲在树篱后面看着儿子回家，确保孩子的安全，所以A.Father's Secret（父亲的秘密）可以反映文章的主题，适合作为标题，故选A。
这是一篇应用文，主要讲述了作者的父亲表面上不关心自己的孩子，实际上会躲在树篱后面看着儿子回家，确保孩子的安全。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
8~11.【答案】D、C、A、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Were yu t jin a marathn，yu might think yu'd wander int a nightmare.Muths kept shut，runners cver miles breathing just thrugh their nses—smetimes hlding their breath fr quite a while.（如果你参加马拉松，你可能会认为你会陷入一场噩梦。跑步者闭着嘴，用鼻子呼吸跑完几英里，有时会屏住呼吸很长时间。）可知作者把马拉松比作噩梦是因为两种情况下人们的呼吸方式相似。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段"When yu're wrking harder，yu dn't tell yur heart t beat faster.It just knws that it needs t，"he says，adding that the same is true f yur breathing.He explains that yur bdy is built with neurns called chemreceptrs，which tell yur muscles when they need t breathe mre（"当你更努力地锻炼时，你不会让自己的心跳加快。它只知道它需要这样做，"他补充说，你的呼吸也是如此。他解释说，你的身体由一种叫做化学感受器的神经元组成，它会告诉你的肌肉什么时候需要更多的呼吸。）可知根据Dickinsn教授的说法，当你更加努力地锻炼时，神经元会告诉你的肌肉多呼吸。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Hwever，thse wh have high bld pressure，shuld check their cnditins befre getting t wrk n their breath. （然而，那些患有高血压的人，在开始呼吸锻炼之前，应该检查一下自己的状况。）可知高血压患者在开始呼吸锻炼前应该做个健康检查。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。阅读全文以及根据第一段Were yu t jin a marathn，yu might think yu'd wander int a nightmare.Muths kept shut，runners cver miles breathing just thrugh their nses—smetimes hlding their breath fr quite a while.（如果你参加马拉松，你可能会认为你会陷入一场噩梦。跑步者闭着嘴，用鼻子呼吸跑完几英里，有时会屏住呼吸很长时间。）可知这篇文章主要讲述了在马拉松运动中，呼吸技巧的重要性。跑者应该掌握通过鼻呼吸等基本呼吸技巧，以改善运动表现和减轻身体紧张。所以是写给马拉松爱好者的。故选B。
这篇文章主要讲述了在马拉松运动中，呼吸技巧的重要性。跑者应该掌握通过鼻呼吸等基本呼吸技巧，以改善运动表现和减轻身体紧张。迪金森教授建议运动员在加强呼吸肌肉训练之前，先掌握基本的呼吸模式。适当的呼吸训练可以显著提高运动能力，但高血压患者在进行呼吸训练前应先检查身体状况。通过练习，跑者可能发现他们的呼吸潜力远大于预期，这对提升健身表现有着巨大影响。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
12~15.【答案】D、C、B、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Travellers arriving at r leaving frm Stuttgart's main railway statin shuld be warned.They must allw an extra 10-15 minutes t get ut f the building r get t the platfrms t catch a train，because f an ugly maze f deturs （绕路） arund Germany's biggest cnstructin site.（到达或离开斯图加特主要火车站的旅客应该受到警告。他们必须多留出10-15分钟的时间才能走出大楼，或者到站台上赶火车，因为在德国最大的建筑工地周围，弯路错综复杂，令人讨厌。）可知作者在文章开头描述的现象是车站的建设带来了不便。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段 But its fate has been similar t that f Berlin's new airprt，which was cmpleted after a nine-year delay in 2020，having exceeded its budget by mre than €4 bn（＄4.7 bn）."Stuttgart21"（named fr the 21st century） was meant t be cmpleted by the end f 2019 at a cst f€4.5 bn.It is nw frecast t be finished by 2025，and the cst may rise t nearly €12 bn.（但它的命运与柏林新机场相似，后者在推迟9年后于2020年完工，超出预算逾40亿欧元（合47亿美元）。"斯图加特21"（以21世纪命名）原定于2019年底完工，耗资45亿欧元。目前预计将于2025年完工，成本可能升至近120亿欧元。）可知作者在第3段提到柏林的新机场是强调新站额外的高价。故选C。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第三段The bsses f Deutsche Bahn may need the cnslatin f religin t.The lss-making German railway peratr is in curt，fighting the state，city，regin and airprt ver wh will cver Stuttgart 21's exrbitant additinal csts.（德国铁路公司的老板们可能也需要宗教的安慰。这家亏损的德国铁路运营商正在法庭上，与州、市、地区和机场就谁来支付斯图加特21号高昂的额外成本进行斗争。）可知划线词意思是"安慰，关怀"。A.Punishment惩罚；B.Cmfrt安慰；C.Influence影响；D.Memry记忆。故选B。
（4）观点态度题。根据第一段Travellers arriving at r leaving frm Stuttgart's main railway statin shuld be warned.They must allw an extra 10-15 minutes t get ut f the building r get t the platfrms t catch a train，because f an ugly maze f deturs （绕路） arund Germany's biggest cnstructin site.（到达或离开斯图加特主要火车站的旅客应该受到警告。他们必须多留出10-15分钟的时间才能走出大楼，或者到站台上赶火车，因为在德国最大的建筑工地周围，弯路错综复杂，令人讨厌。）可知作者对新车站的态度是批判的。故选A。
斯图加特主要火车站因周边的大型施工项目导致旅客需额外花费10-15分钟才能进出站或抵达月台，这一状况已持续13年。原本旨在展示巴登-符腾堡州工程实力的"斯图加特21"新车站计划，因将轨道和月台大部分迁至地下，旨在缩短德国及欧洲的旅程时间，同时为市中心腾出空间。然而，该项目与柏林新机场一样，面临超支和延期，预计2025年完工，成本可能接近120亿欧元。这个巨型工地现雇有6000名工人，甚至有自己的牧师，但德国铁路公司却因高昂的额外费用与政府、城市、地区和机场打官司。斯图加特21号工程在一些人心目中是即将诞生的工程杰作，但在另一些人看来，却是不断吞噬纳税人金钱的无底洞。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
16~20.【答案】F、D、B、C、E
【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据上一句Many peple desire strnger，mre authentic friendships as an adult.（许多人成年后渴望更牢固、更真诚的友谊。）可知此处说的是许多人成年后渴望更牢固、更真诚的友谊。所以"F.But the prcess f building these relatinships can prve slw and frustrating但是，建立这些关系的过程可能是缓慢而令人沮丧的"符合语境。故选F。
（2）联系上文题。根据上一句But this tendency t play it safe can delay knwing whether yu are cmpatible （志趣相投的） with a ptential friend.（但是，这种谨慎行事的倾向可能会推迟了解你与潜在朋友是否合适的时间。）可知此处说的是这种谨慎行事的倾向可能会推迟了解你与潜在朋友是否合适的时间。所以"D.Rather than sticking with superficial chatter，g straight t what excites yu与其停留在肤浅的闲聊上，不如直接谈让你兴奋的事情"符合语境。故选D。
（3）标题归纳题。根据下文But a friendship built n gssip can leave bth peple feeling exhausted and depressed after they hang ut.（但是，建立在八卦基础上的友谊可能会让双方在出去玩后都感到疲惫和沮丧。）可知此处说的是建立在八卦基础上的友谊可能会让双方在出去玩后都感到疲惫和沮丧。所以"B.Cut back n the gssip少说流言蜚语"符合语境。故选B。
（4）联系上文题。根据上文If a friend starts t give yu updates n ther peple yu knw，it can be helpful t say，"I want t hear abut what's ging n with yu."Or yu can ask yurself，"What wuld I share abut myself if I were with my best friend right nw？"（如果一个朋友开始告诉你你认识的其他人的最新情况，你可以这样说："我想听听你最近的情况。"或者你可以问自己："如果我现在和我最好的朋友在一起，我会和他分享关于我自己的什么？"）可知此处说的是朋友间的谈话要了解彼此的情况。所以"C.Then jump t the heart f things然后直奔主题"符合语境。故选C。
（5）联系上文题。根据下一句They are als able t share their struggles withut fear f judgment.（他们也能够分享自己的挣扎，而不用担心被评判。）可知此处说的是真正的朋友的做法。所以"True friends strive t knw each ther's thinking abut difficult subjects真正的朋友努力了解对方对困难话题的想法"符合语境。故选E。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了拥有更牢固、更真诚的友谊的方法。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】C、B、A、A、D、B、B、A、C、D、B、A、D、C、C
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.explrer探索者；B.salesman销售；C.gardener园丁；D.bilgist生物学家。句意：我那些有钱的同学嘲笑我，称我为园丁之子。根据下句They said that my father lived nly n the mney he earns frm watering and feeding plants fr peple可知他们说我父亲只靠给人浇水和喂养植物赚的钱生活。说明我那些有钱的同学嘲笑我，称我为园丁之子。故答案为C。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.waited等待；B.paused暂停；C.cried哭泣；D.sighed叹气。句意：父亲停顿了一会儿，然后说："跟我来，儿子。让我们种一些花。这可能会让你振作起来。"根据空后fr a mment可知父亲应该是思考了一会才做出的回复。故答案为B。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.walked散步；B.admitted允许；C.drve开车；D.expsed暴露。句意：他牵着他的手，陪他走到花园。根据下句Then he tk ut sme flwer seeds可知然后他拿出一些花籽，说明父亲陪他走到花园。故答案为A。
（4）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.carry ut实施；B.wrk ut锻炼；C.bring ut出版；D.make ut理解。句意：然后他拿出一些花种说："我们来做个实验。我们将分别种植两种花。我照顾一个，你照顾另一个。我用湖里的清水浇灌我的，而你用池塘里的脏水浇灌你的。我们将在未来几周内看到结果。"根据下句We will plant tw flwers （5）.I will care fr ne and yu will care fr the ther.可知我们将分别种植两种花。我照顾一个，你照顾另一个。说明我们做了一个实验。故答案为A。
（5）考查副词及语境理解。A.secretly秘密地；B.casually休闲地；C.patiently有耐心地；D.separately分离地。句意：然后他拿出一些花种说："我们来做个实验。我们将分别种植两种花。我照顾一个，你照顾另一个。我用湖里的清水浇灌我的，而你用池塘里的脏水浇灌你的。我们将在未来几周内看到结果。"根据下句I will care fr ne and yu will care fr the ther可知我照顾一个，你照顾另一个。说明我们将分别种植两种花。故答案为D。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.cld冷的；B.dirty脏的；C.warm温暖的；D.clear清楚的。句意：然后他拿出一些花种说："我们来做个实验。我们将分别种植两种花。我照顾一个，你照顾另一个。我用湖里的清水浇灌我的，而你用池塘里的脏水浇灌你的。我们将在未来几周内看到结果。"根据空后frm the pnd可知你用池塘里的脏水浇灌你的。故答案为B。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.fruit水果；B.utcme结果；C.benefit好处；D.effrt努力。句意：然后他拿出一些花种说："我们来做个实验。我们将分别种植两种花。我照顾一个，你照顾另一个。我用湖里的清水浇灌我的，而你用池塘里的脏水浇灌你的。我们将在未来几周内看到结果。"根据后文My flwer lks better and healthier than yurs可知我的花看起来比你的更好，更健康。说明我们将在未来几周内看到结果。故答案为B。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.delighted高兴的；B.qualified合格的；C.satisfied满意的；D.determined下定决心的。句意：儿子很高兴和父亲一起种花。根据常识和空后as he jined his father in planting the flwers可知儿子很高兴和父亲一起种花。故答案为A。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.lessn课；B.feeling感觉；C.bservatin观察；D.expectatin期盼。句意：过了一会儿，父亲带着儿子来到花园，对他说："看看这两朵花，告诉我你的观察结果。"根据下句My flwer lks better and healthier than yurs可知我的花看起来比你的更好，更健康。说明这是观察的结果。故答案为C。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.necessary必须的；B.available可以得到的；C.vital重要的；D.pssible可能的。句意：男孩回答说："我的花看起来比你的更好，更健康。当你的水更干净时，这怎么可能呢？"根据常识和上句My flwer lks better and healthier than yurs可知我的花看起来比你的更好，更健康。说明这是不可能的，因为父亲的水更干净。故答案为D。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.prtect保护；B.stp阻止；C.remve去除；D.save拯救。句意：父亲笑了笑，然后说："那是因为脏水不会阻止植物生长。相反，它是有机肥料，帮助它茁壮成长。所以不要让人们的恶语影响你。相反，让它鼓励你成为一个更好的人，这样做，你就会像这株植物一样，即使在负面情绪和刺耳的话语中也会茁壮成长。"根据前文My flwer lks better and healthier than yurs可知我的花看起来比你的更好，更健康。说明脏水不会阻止植物生长。故答案为B。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.serves服务；B.ends结束；C.starts开始；D.passes经过。句意：父亲笑了笑，然后说："那是因为脏水不会阻止植物生长。相反，它是有机肥料，帮助它茁壮成长。所以不要让人们的恶语影响你。相反，让它鼓励你成为一个更好的人，这样做，你就会像这株植物一样，即使在负面情绪和刺耳的话语中也会茁壮成长。"根据空后as rganic fertilizer t help it flurish可知它是有机肥料，帮助它茁壮成长。故答案为A。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.warn警告；B.persuade说服；C.mve移动；D.affect影响。句意：父亲笑了笑，然后说："那是因为脏水不会阻止植物生长。相反，它是有机肥料，帮助它茁壮成长。所以不要让人们的恶语影响你。相反，让它鼓励你成为一个更好的人，这样做，你就会像这株植物一样，即使在负面情绪和刺耳的话语中也会茁壮成长。"根据上句That's because dirty water desn't （11）a plant frm grwing.可知那是因为脏水不会阻止植物生长。说明不要让人们的恶语影响你。故答案为D。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.frce强迫；B.persuade说服；C.encurage鼓励；D.cheat欺骗。句意：父亲笑了笑，然后说："那是因为脏水不会阻止植物生长。相反，它是有机肥料，帮助它茁壮成长。所以不要让人们的恶语影响你。相反，让它鼓励你成为一个更好的人，这样做，你就会像这株植物一样，即使在负面情绪和刺耳的话语中也会茁壮成长。"根据空后yu int being a better persn and dings可知让它鼓励你成为一个更好的人，这样做，故答案为C。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.cnflict冲突；B.tensin紧张；C.negativity消极；D.dilemma困境。句意：父亲笑了笑，然后说："那是因为脏水不会阻止植物生长。相反，它是有机肥料，帮助它茁壮成长。所以不要让人们的恶语影响你。相反，让它鼓励你成为一个更好的人，这样做，你就会像这株植物一样，即使在负面情绪和刺耳的话语中也会茁壮成长。"根据前文My rich classmates laughed at me and called me sn f the （1）可知我那些有钱的同学嘲笑我，称我为园丁之子。说明即使在负面情绪和刺耳的话语中也会茁壮成长。故答案为C。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个父亲发现他11岁的儿子默默哭泣，原因是同学嘲笑他的家庭贫穷。父亲带儿子一起种花，并做实验，用不同的水质浇灌两株花。几周后，儿子发现自己用脏水浇的花长得更健康。父亲通过这个实验告诉儿子，恶劣的环境和言语可以像肥料一样，使人成长得更强大。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】as
【小题2】their
【小题3】and
【小题4】ffers
【小题5】that/which
【小题6】guided
【小题7】highly
【小题8】a
【小题9】making
【小题10】explratin
【解析】（1）考查介词。句意：以素食者的身份外出就餐并不棘手相反，你可以享受鼓舞人心的目的地和各种文化。分析句子可知，空处表示"作为"，用介词as。故填as。
（2）考查形容词性物主代词。句意：以前大多数中国素食主义者是佛教徒和道士；但现在越来越多的中国人更加关注自己的健康。空处用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词health。故填their。
（3）考查连词。句意：到2018年，中国的蔬菜已经超过5000万种，而且这个数字还在不断增加。分析句子可知，空处前后句子是顺承关系，所以用并列连词and。故填and。
（4）考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：中国幅员辽阔，有许多新鲜的蔬菜、时令水果、面条、米饭、豆腐和美味的菜肴，这些对素食者来说都很好。分析句子可知空处作句子谓语，根据上下文语境可知本句用一般现在时，主语The vast land是不可数名词，所以空处用动词的第三人称单数。故填ffers。
（5）考查定语从句。句意：中国幅员辽阔，有许多新鲜的蔬菜、时令水果、面条、米饭、豆腐和美味的菜肴，这些对素食者来说都很好。分析句子可知空处引导定语从句，先行词为many fresh vegetables，seasnal fruits，ndles，rice，tfu and yummy dishes，指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用that/which引导该从句。故填that/which。
（6）考查过去分词。句意：在我们的中国素食导览中，您无需担心任何事情。分析句子可知空处的动词作非谓语，turs与guide之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填guided。
（7）考查副词。句意：我们在每个目的地都选择干净且高评价的素食餐厅。分析句子可知空处用副词作状语修饰形容词rated。故填highly。
（8）考查不定冠词。句意：此外，您当地的导游将带您在传统的湿货市场和后街发现并品尝各种独特的素食小吃和街头食品，让您的素食之旅充满乐趣。a wide range f"各种各样的"。故填a。
（9）考查现在分词。句意：此外，您当地的导游将带您在传统的湿货市场和后街发现并品尝各种独特的素食小吃和街头食品，让您的素食之旅充满乐趣。分析句子可知空处用现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填making。
（10）考查不可数名词。句意：当然，中国素食度假的另一个美妙之处在于，沉浸式文化探索和现实生活冒险总是在菜单上。分析句子可知，在that引导的表语从句中，空处和adventure是并列主语，所以空处用名词，explratin是抽象名词，不可数。故填explratin。
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了"我们"可以为素食主义者提供的中国之旅。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
37.【答案】Chinese Traditinal Fd FestivalOur schl is thrilled t annunce the Chinese Traditinal Fd Festival，a cultural activity designed fr internatinal students.（点明主题）
This event will shw a variety f traditinal Chinese dishes，each representing a unique culinary style and regin.Frm spicy Sichuan t delicate Cantnese，students will set ff n a fd jurney，explring the rich flavrs and histrical significance f Chinese fd.【高分句型一】（活动内容）It's an immersive experience that will braden cultural hrizns and create unfrgettable memries.【高分句型二】We invite all internatinal students t jin us fr this delicius adventure.（活动意义）
Fr mre details，cntact the rganizing cmmittee.We lk frward t yur participatin in this exciting event!（邀请留学生参与）
【解析】高分句型一：Frm spicy Sichuan t delicate Cantnese，students will set ff n a fd jurney，explring the rich flavrs and histrical significance f Chinese fd.
翻译：从辛辣的四川菜到精致的广东菜，学生们将踏上美食之旅，探索中国美食的丰富风味和历史意义。
分析：本句使用了现在分词短语explring the rich flavrs and histrical significance f Chinese fd作状语。
高分句型二：It's an immersive experience that will braden cultural hrizns and create unfrgettable memries.
翻译：这是一种身临其境的体验，将拓宽文化视野，创造难忘的回忆。
分析：本句使用了that引导的限制性定语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
38.【答案】 When I fund Olivia，she was sitting alne in the hallway.I walked twards her slwly，my heart punding.【高分句型一】As I reached her，I tk a deep breath and sat dwn next t her.She lked up at me，her eyes filled with sadness and uncertainty.I start t speak，telling her hw srry I was fr my actins and fr nt being mre understanding.I cnveyed my realizatin that we all have ur struggles and that I shuld have been mre empathetic.Olivia listened quietly，and as I finished，a small smile appeared n her face.（作者为自己的行为向Olivia道歉，Olivia安静地听，脸上露出了一丝微笑。）
Olivia accepted my aplgy and we had a lng cnversatin.She pened up t me abut her feelings during that difficult time.I listened attentively，feeling a deep bnd with her.We discussed hw we culd mve frward and stand up fr each ther.We als discussed the significance f frgiveness and hw it can heal relatinships.As we ended ur cnversatin，I felt a weight lifted ff my shulders.I knew that ur friendship wuld be strnger than ever，and that this experience had taught me a valuable lessn abut empathy and frgiveness.【高分句型二】（和Olivia交谈后，作者感到肩上的重量减轻了。她们的友谊将比以往任何时候都更加牢固。）
【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和Emily是好朋友。Emily又将Olivia介绍给作者，三个人成为了好朋友。但是一次Olivia对作者说出无理的话，作者很伤心。她和Emily和Olivia疏远了。后来作者询问Emily为什么还和Olivia做朋友。Emily告诉作者Olivia正在经历人生的困境，作者开始反思自己。
高分句型一：I walked twards her slwly，my heart punding.
译文：我慢慢地向她走去，心跳加速。
分析：这句话使用了独立主格结构my heart punding。
高分句型二：I knew that ur friendship wuld be strnger than ever，and that this experience had taught me a valuable lessn abut empathy and frgiveness.
译文：我知道我们的友谊将比以往任何时候都更加牢固，这段经历给了我一堂关于同理心和宽恕的宝贵一课。
分析：这句话使用了and连接两个that引导的宾语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文。确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。