2024年广东省江门市高三下学期一模考试英语试卷（含详细答案解析）

这是一份2024年广东省江门市高三下学期一模考试英语试卷（含详细答案解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，任务型读写，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共30分。
A
A
Whether yu are a fine art lver r histry enthusiast, there are sme museums that yu shuld visit in yur lifetime. Hereˈs a list f the best museums in the wrld.
LE LOUVRE, PARIS
A visit t the Luvre lets visitrs discver ancient civilizatins and Western art frm the Middle Ages t 1848. The palace f the museum, dating back t the twelfth century and develped by architects frm 1200 t 2011, is a lessn in architecture. The mst famus art wrk is Lenard da Vinciˈs “Mna Lisa”.
THE UFFIZI GALLERIES, FLORENCE
The museum ccupies a large building cnstructed between 1560 and 1580. Itˈs famus fr its utstanding cllectins f ancient sculptures and paintings frm the Middle Ages t the Mdern perid, and mainly knwn fr its paintings by Italian artists.
THE BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON
As the first natinal museum t cver all fields f human knwledge, it was funded in 1753 and pened its drs in 1759. Its eight millin bjects allw us t explre the diversity f human cultures, and discver the expressins in human beingˈs life. It basts the wrldˈs secnd finest cllectin f Egyptian antiques.
THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART, NEW YORK
Als knwn as “the Met”, itˈs the largest art museum in the America. Presenting ver 5,000 years f art frm arund the wrld, the museum lives in tw sites in New Yrk: The Met Fifth Avenue and The Met Clisters. Since its funding in 1870, it has been a treasury f rare and beautiful bjects, ranging frm Eurpean paintings, Egyptian cllectins t American paintings.
1.Which museum is best knwn fr ancient statues in the Middle Ages?
A. The Luvre.B. The Uffizi Galleries.
C. The British Museum.D. The Metrplitan Museum.
2.What can visitrs enjy in bth the British Museum and the Met?
A. Art wrks frm Egypt.
B. Expressins arund the wrld.
C. Rare bjects f human culture.
D. Paintings frm Eurpe and America.
3.Where is this text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t arts.B. An essay n architecture.
C. A guidebk t museums.D. A review f Egyptian paintings.
B
B
Acrss the wrld, humans purchase arund 1.3 billin single-use plastic water bttles a day. Because nly abut 9% f plastic is recycled, the vast majrity f thse bttles wind up in landfills, the cean, r elsewhere in nature.
When beach-lving Madisn nticed thse plastic bttles during her familyˈs trips t Califrnia, the 12-year-ld “just felt like this needed t change,” she tld Smithsnian Magazine.
S as she began thinking abut what t d fr her schl science fair back in 2021, the idea f a prject centered n reducing plastic pllutin quickly came t her mind: she wuld design an eatable water bttle called the Ec-Her.
“One f my biggest ambitins fr my prject was wanting t help the wrld,” the cnfident yung inventr said in a vide n the website.
T bring her idea t life, Madisn built upn the already established methd by experimenting with cmmn fd materials. She als tk inspiratin frm previus versins f eatable water bttles, thugh she fcused n making hers bigger and mre durable. She fund that the cmbinatin f water, lemn juice, natural gum, and Alginic acid (褐藻酸) resulted in a gel puch that wuldnˈt break, culd hld up t 3/4 cup f water, and wuld last in the fridge fr three weeks.
Thugh sheˈd like t imprve the Ec-Her by making it able t hld mre water, she believes her current versin wuld wrk well as a replacement fr the paper cups used by runners in races. All ne needs t d is bite a hle in the water ball, drink the water, and then eat the puch r thrw it away t bidegrade.
Madisn hpes the Ec-Her inspires thers t take better care f the planet. “It desnˈt necessarily have t be in a big way,” she tld Smithsnian. “Peple can still make a difference in the wrld, even if itˈs just in a small way.”
4.What inspired Madisnˈs design f an eatable water bttle?
A. Her schlˈs task.B. Her familyˈs urge.
C. Her lve fr nature.D. Her trips t the beach.
5.What can we knw abut the Ec-Her?
A. It is a cpy f the previus versins.
B. It is made frm unbreakable materials.
C. It is an imprvement in size and durability.
D. It has a hle and shuld be dispsed nce used.
6.Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Madisn?
A. Ambitius and creative.B. Talented and determined.
C. Curageus and cnfident.D. Cperative and cmmitted.
7.What can be the best title fr the text?
A. A gd beginning is half dne.
B. Small peple make big mves.
C. Where there is a will, there is a way.
D. Gd helps thse wh help themselves.
C
C
Demgraphic changes, such as aging ppulatins and declining birth rates, pse challenges as well as ffer pprtunities fr industries and cuntries. T vercme the challenges and seize the pprtunities, especially t achieve lng-term ecnmic sustainability, ecnmies need t enhance plicies prmting innvatins.
Nw many cuntries in East Asia are facing the aging ppulatin and declining wrking-age ppulatin prblem. Cmpared with ther advanced cuntries, Japan encuntered the ppulatin aging prblem at a slightly earlier stage, starting in the mid-1990s. As Japanˈs percentage f elderly ppulatin t the ttal ppulatin increased, it impacted the cuntryˈs ecnmy, leading t a cntractin in dmestic demand and decline in bth prductin and cnsumptin, and restricting the grwth f ecnmy.
Sme innvative cmpanies have actively increased utward FDI (Freign Direct Investment), prviding cst advantages frm inexpensive verseas labr t maintain their cst cmpetitiveness. Hwever, the glbal ecnmy is facing the challenge f declining trade wing t the prtectinism practiced by certain cuntries. Cnsequently, the chances f bsting grwth thrugh utward FDI may be limited.
Develping artificial intelligence is anther slutin t the negative impacts f the demgraphic changes. AI and rbtics will play a crucial rle in stimulating prductivity and innvatin by making payment fr the decline in the wrking-age ppulatin, and the fllwing increase in prductivity will in turn raise the demand fr labr by creating new emplyment pprtunities.
AI, rbtics and ther advanced technlgies give rise t new tasks within their fields and acrss ther sectrs. Therefre, it is necessary t emply cperatin plicies t supprt crpratins that prmte innvatins by increasing investment in research and develpment, facilitating the grwth f new cmpanies, and building a perfect system t prtect intellectual prperties. Since AI and rbtics may replace certain jbs, it is essential t address the ptential challenges they may create in the labr market and wrk ut strategies t ensure a balanced and cmprehensive transitin.
8.What d we knw abut demgraphic changes frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. There is n need t wrry since the changes ffer pprtunities.
B. The changes wnˈt affect the lng-term ecnmic sustainability.
C. Japan is the nly advanced cuntry facing the changes at present.
D. Things shuld be dne t vercme the challenges psed by the changes.
9.What des the underlined wrd “cntractin” mean in the secnd paragraph?
A. Push.B. Decrease.C. Pause.D. Change.
10.What is the writerˈs attitude t FDI?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.C. Objective.D. Indifferent.
11.What des the writer advise t tackle the new tasks psed by advanced technlgies?
A. Withdrawing investment in research and develpment.
B. Adpting plicies that encurage innvatin f crpratins.
C. Establishing new cmpanies t prtect intellectual prperties.
D. Creating ptential labr market fr mre pssible emplyments.
D
D
Figuring ut bidiversity patterns and detecting rare r just-gd-at-hiding species has lng psed challenges fr ecsystem mnitring and cnservatin effrts. Traditinal survey methds are labr intensive and cver limited areas. Nw, emerging envirnmental DNA (eDNA) techniques pen new pssibilities.
Scientists cllect water r sil samples frm an envirnment and extract (提取) any DNA traces left behind by rganisms. This is the envirnmental DNA (eDNA). They then use ne f the tw analysis methds — quantitative PCR (qPCR) r DNA sequencing (DNA 测序). Similar t COVID tests, qPCR is used t detect if a specific speciesˈ DNA is in the sample. Fr example, researchers tested river water eDNA t see if endangered fish X was present. When it was detected, they cnfirmed that the fish lived in that river withut directly seeing it. DNA sequencing analyzes all DNA in the sample at nce. Scientists can then match the DNA barcdes t databases t identify which species were in the sampled envirnment.
Althugh eDNA sampling cannt identify new species r thse nly knwn frm phts and vides if they are nt already listed in the reference databases, the real pwer f it lies in its ability t capture a wide range f rganisms. With just ne sample, scientists can detect all kinds f living things, frm bacteria t whales, in almst any envirnment where life exists, including the deep sea and undergrund caves. One f the mst significant advantages f eDNA sampling is that it allws scientists t detect species that are difficult t see r capture. This is particularly useful when studying rare r very small species, r when wrking in envirnments like dark water where visibility is limited.
This is just the start. Imagine a future where eDNA data culd be cllected frm the mst remte ceans by autnmus vehicles, analyzed by the drne r n bard a research vessel (船舰), and integrated with ther mnitring data s marine managers and the public can see near-real-time data abut the cnditin f the cean. Science fictin? Nt any mre.
12.Whatˈs the authrˈs purpse f mentining the example in Paragraph 2?
A. T explain the prcess f qPCR analysis methd.
B. T intrduce the definitin f envirnmental DNA.
C. T tell the difference between tw analysis methds.
D. T shw the similarity between qPCR and COVID tests.
13.Whatˈs the advantage f eDNA sampling?
A. It can detect species frm phts and vides.
B. It can help scientists capture endangered species.
C. It enables scientists t wrk in invisible envirnment.
D. It can identify any living creature with a sample f it.
14.What culd eDNA data be applied t in the future?
A. Studying micrbial cmmunities.
B. Analyzing diversity changes ver time.
C. Cllecting species in new envirnments.
D. Offering statistics fr cean supervisin.
15.Whatˈs the main idea f the text?
A. Scientists have made a breakthrugh in undersea research.
B. Rare species have been discvered with tw analysis methds.
C. New bidiversity mnitring techniques are arund the crner.
D. Traditinal survey methds are abandned fr their shrtcmings.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。
Itˈs n surprise that thereˈs a link between exercise and mental health. But scientists have nw made it fficial: research has fund a direct cnnectin between mvement and md. Why des exercise hld s many benefits fr ur mental health? ___16____.
When ur muscles tighten, chains f amin acids (氨基酸) called mykines (肌细胞因子) are released int the bldstream. ____17___. This cmmunicatin increases adaptatin t stress, reduces symptms f anxiety and has a direct effect n depressin.
A recent study published in the British Jurnal f Sprts Medicine shwed that treatment fr depressin can be much mre effective when physical activity is added t the usual care. ____18___. “While exercise is nt a substitute fr prfessinal mental health treatment, physical activity can cmplement and enhance the effects f the treatment,” says lead researcher Ben Singh, a research fellw at the University f Suth Australia. He says regular exercise in a grup setting can bst self-esteem and decrease feelings f islatin and lneliness.
Exercise helps build key cnnectins between the netwrks within the brain, t. ___19____. Studies have shwn that physical activity stimulates creativity, sharpens judgement skills and imprves mental energy. It can als help t slw age-related cgnitive decline, pssibly even slwing the pace f develping Alzheimerˈs disease.
___20___. In this way yuˈll keep ging back t them. Experts suggest that yu aim fr a minimum f 10 t 30 minutes, three t five days each week. Getting sweaty is gd fr yur bdy and mind.
A. It can imprve verall cgnitive perfrmance
B. They help yur muscles and rgans cmmunicate
C. The answer, studies say, lies in ur brain chemistry
D. Here are the suggestins that yu are suppsed t pay attentin t
E. It is amazing t cnsider hw mving ur bdies can affect ur minds
F. T get the biggest health bst, the key is t be engaged in sprts yu enjy
G. Participants fund benefits after 12 weeks f exercising fr 30 t 60 minutes a day
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共22.5分。
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2014, a sphmre student at the Natinal Academy f Chinese Theatre Arts went with friends fr a birthday celebratin t Beijing Z. Little did he knw that a chance ____21____ at the aquarium (水族馆) there wuld light a lifelng passin.
Fast-frward t tday, Xu, a Beijing native, has ____22____ t the trpical island f Suth Chinaˈs Hainan prvince, where he serves as a cral ____23____ fr a Sanya-based trpical bilgical labratry attached t the Chinese Academy f Sciences.
Each day, he spends several hurs diving deep under the waves t bserve and ____24____ the grwth and develpment f the creatures that ____25____ him all thse years ag. Xu, wh is nicknamed “cral man”, is ____26____ engaged n such scial media platfrms as Sina Weib, where he regularly shares visually amazing phts and entertaining vides f crals. He aims t ____27____ individuals t take actin in prtecting cral reefs(珊瑚礁) and the ceans as a whle.
Fr Xu, wh had been studying Peking Opera since childhd, becming a cral cnservatinist was an ____28____ turn f events. After he first saw crals at the aquarium, he began t ____29____ the lcal market t learn abut cral _____30_____ frm merchants wh sell decrative plants, fish and crals. He als _____31_____infrmatin nline. Befre lng, he had set up a small fish tank at hme and started cultivating a cral.
“ The cral rganism is quite sensitive t its envirnment and has extremely high _____32_____ fr water quality,” recalls Xu. “When I started grwing cral, its state was nt _____33_____.” But as Xu gained mre _____34_____ abut cral, including hw t cntrl factrs like water temperature and pH levels, his cral gradually started t flurish. He als learned that cral reefs are knwn as “trpical rainfrests” and “underwater gardens” f the cean, prviding a _____35_____ fr a quarter f all sea creatures.
21.A. accidentB. encunterC. applicatinD. perfrmance
22.A. mvedB. drivenC. appealedD. signaled
23.A. educatrB. ambassadr
C. artistD. cnservatinist
24.A. apprveB. increaseC. dcumentD. smth
25.A. separatedB. relievedC. preservedD. fascinated
26.A. activelyB. finallyC. universallyD. skillfully
27.A. teachB. arrangeC. encurageD. frce
28.A. impracticalB. unexpectedC. unfrtunateD. unacceptable
29.A. frequentB. expandC. manageD. imprve
30.A. sellingB. bservingC. farmingD. decrating
31.A. answered frB. brught inC. searched frD. gave ut
32.A. requirementsB. reputatinsC. peridsD. pririties
33.A. pureB. gdC. cnfusingD. strict
34.A. evidenceB. careC. equipmentD. knwledge
35.A. mapB. hmeC. platfrmD. cntainer
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2024 is the Year f the Dragn in the Chinese calendar and it is the first time that the Oxfrd English Dictinary (OED)____1____ (include) the term “Chinese dragn” in its dictinary. The Chinese dragn has tw definitins in the OED, with the first ne abut its physical image and the secnd ne n its figurative and allusive (典故的 ) nature.
Emperrs in ancient dynasties were dressed in a Dragn Rbe, a traditinal silk-wven cstume with dragn designs, ____2____ (symblize) imperial pwer and authrity. Jade Seals (玉玺), ften ____3____ (carve) with dragns, als symblize the authrity f the emperr.
Cntrary ____4____ the Western dragn, the image f the Chinese dragn, despite underging cnstant changes, has represented variusˈ psitive ____5____ (quality) including prsperity, authrity, strength and gd frtune.
In ancient Chinese belief, dragns ____6____ (assciate) with the cntrl f the weather, particularly rain. The dragnˈs ability t bring rain was seen as crucial fr agriculture, which made it ____7____ psitive symbl fr the fertility f the land.
With the rising China Chic trend and the cuntryˈs bming cultural creative industry, the Chinese dragn in flktale is nw ____8____ (cmmn) seen in creative prducts such as tear-ff calendars, dlls, dragn-themed jewelry as well as the “dragn blind bxes” ____9____ appeal t yung cnsumers.
Whether it is thrugh the hands f a natinal-level intangible (非物质) cultural heritage inheritr _____10_____ the hands f a Generatin Z “blind bx” designer, the Chinese dragn carries frward the Chinese cultural spirit.
(1) _________
(2) _________
(3) _________
(4) _________
(5) _________
(6) _________
(7) _________
(8) _________
(9) _________
(10) _________
五、任务型读写：本大题共1小题，共25分。
37.阅读下面材料根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Pstcards frm the Wrld
While the sun washed ver the grass f my grandmtherˈs frnt garden, I sank int ne f her armchairs familiar t me. Life, as I knew it, had changed. My belved grandmther, my Nanny, as a ”parent“ in the absence f my father, had cancer. It was terminal (晚期的).
As she watched Getaway, a Sunday afternn TV prgram, she remarked t me that sheˈd never left Australia and that nw she never wuld. Seeing her restricted t ”travel" by watching TV, I swallwed the sadness that came with knwing that chapters f her life were t be left unwritten.
At wrk, feeling helpless, I wiped tables and tk rders and thught. Hard. The Saturday afternn lunch rush was nt enugh t stp me frm my thughts. Cllapsed with grwing srrw, I was reminded f the pwer f Facebk and the cllective strength f human sympathy. I raced frm the end f my shift t ask strangers n the Internet fr help.
My Nanny Del has cancer. Itˈs terminal and she will never see the wrld. Please send her pstcards s she can see the wrld frm her armchair. I can ffer nthing but gratitude.
I reslved nt t breathe a wrd f this; if nthing came, I culdnˈt bear t carry her disappintment alng with my wn. . And if smething shuld wander int ur humble little letterbx, I vuld cnsider it a blessing and embrace it gratefully.
Days turned t weeks: Nthing. And Nannyˈs health declined rapidly. I was trying t balance my full-time study, babysitting and waiting tables with the tiring respnsibility f caring fr my grandmther. As I helped Nanny in the early hurs f thse mrnings, she wuld chat t me, smetimes reflectins f her lifetime, and ther times, the disturbance caused by medicatin. She seldm talked abut her regret f being unable t travel, but I was still hping fr smething.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One afternn, abut six weeks after my Facebk pst, a travel-wrn pstcard arrived in ur letterbx.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My dreams f armchair travels became a reality.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共25分。
38.假定你是李华，周末你市美术馆要举办中国画展，请你写一封邮件邀请交流生朋友Tm一起前往观展，内容包括：
1. 观展安排；
2. 注意事项。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Tm,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、A、C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界著名的四大艺术博物馆，让读者了解它们的建筑历史、展品特点以及其它的一些相关信息。
1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Itˈs famus fr its utstanding cllectins f ancient sculptures and paintings frm the Middle Ages t the Mdern perid, and mainly knwn fr its paintings by Italian artists.(它以其从中世纪到现代时期的古代雕塑和绘画的杰出收藏而闻名，主要以意大利艺术家的绘画而闻名)”可知，乌菲齐美术馆以中世纪的古代雕像而闻名。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It basts the wrldˈs secnd finest cllectin f Egyptian antiques.(它拥有世界上第二好的埃及古董收藏)”以及最后一段“Since its funding in 1870, it has been a treasury f rare and beautiful bjects, ranging frm Eurpean paintings, Egyptian cllectins t American paintings.(自1870年成立以来，它一直是稀有和美丽物品的宝库，从欧洲绘画，埃及收藏品到美国绘画)”可知，游客在大英博物馆和大都会博物馆都能享受到埃及的艺术品。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Whether yu are a fine art lver r histry enthusiast, there are sme museums that yu shuld visit in yur lifetime. Hereˈs a list f the best museums in the wrld.(无论你是美术爱好者还是历史爱好者，总有一些博物馆是你一生中应该去参观的。这里是世界上最好的博物馆的名单)”结合文章主要介绍了世界著名的四大艺术博物馆，让读者了解它们的建筑历史、展品特点以及其它的一些相关信息。可推知，文章最有可能选自一本博物馆指南。故选C。
4~7.【答案】D、C、A、B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了12岁的女孩Madisn为了解决塑料瓶污染的问题，发明了可食用的水瓶。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“When beach-lving Madisn nticed thse plastic bttles during her familyˈs trips t Califrnia, the 12-year-ld ‘just felt like this needed t change,ˈ she tld Smithsnian Magazine.(当热爱海滩的Madisn在加利福尼亚的家庭旅行中注意到这些塑料瓶时，这位12岁的女孩‘觉得这需要改变’，她告诉《史密森尼杂志》)”可知，Madisn在加利福尼亚的家庭旅行中发现海滩上有塑料瓶，这让她产生了设计可食用水瓶的想法。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“She als tk inspiratin frm previus versins f eatable water bttles, thugh she fcused n making hers bigger and mre durable.(她还从以前的可食水瓶中获得了灵感，不过她专注于让自己的水瓶更大、更耐用)”可知，她设计的水瓶在体积和耐用性上有了改善。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“T bring her idea t life, Madisn built upn the already established methd by experimenting with cmmn fd materials. She als tk inspiratin frm previus versins f eatable water bttles, thugh she fcused n making hers bigger and mre durable.(为了将她的想法付诸实践，Madisn在已经建立的方法的基础上，对常见的食物材料进行了实验。她还从以前的可食水瓶中获得了灵感，不过她专注于让自己的水瓶更大、更耐用)”可推测出，Madisn根据已经建立的方法和从以前的可食用水瓶中获得的灵感，通过实验设计出了更大、更耐用的水瓶，由此可推测出，她是一个有创造力的（creative）人。根据第四段“‘One f my biggest ambitins fr my prject was wanting t help the wrld,ˈ the cnfident yung inventr said in a vide n the website.(这位自信的年轻发明家在网站上的一段视频中说：‘我对这个项目最大的抱负之一是想帮助世界。’)”可知，她有帮助世界的抱负，由此可推测出，她是一个有抱负的（ambitius）人。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中Madisn的话“It desnˈt necessarily have t be in a big way(这不一定要很大)”和“Peple can still make a difference in the wrld, even if itˈs just in a small way.(人们仍然可以在世界上有所作为，即使只是在很小的方面)”可知，年仅12岁的女孩Madisn设计出了可食用的水瓶，用自己的方式帮助保护环境，她认为人们不一定要做出非常大的成就，小事情也能有重要影响，所以B项“小人物也能有大成就”适合作本文标题。故选B。
8~11.【答案】D、B、C、B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了现在很多国家面临人口结构失衡的现象，它们把解决问题的方法投向了人工智能领域。作者呼吁各国政府要出台相应政策支持人工智能的开发，同时也要关注它可能带来的负面影响。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“T vercme the challenges and seize the pprtunities, especially t achieve lng-term ecnmic sustainability, ecnmies need t enhance plicies prmting innvatins.(为克服挑战、抓住机遇，特别是实现经济的长期可持续性，各经济体需要加强促进创新的政策)”可知，我们应该采取措施来克服人口变化带来的挑战。故选D。
2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“As Japanˈs percentage f elderly ppulatin t the ttal ppulatin increased, it impacted the cuntryˈs ecnmy”以及后文“in dmestic demand and decline in bth prductin and cnsumptin, and restricting the grwth f ecnmy”可知，随着日本老龄人口比例的上升，国家经济受到影响，国内需求“减少”，从而导致生产力和消费下降，经济的增长也受到约束，故划线词意思是“减少”。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Sme innvative cmpanies have actively increased utward FDI(Freign Direct Investment), prviding cst advantages frm inexpensive verseas labr t maintain their cst cmpetitiveness. Hwever, the glbal ecnmy is facing the challenge f declining trade wing t the prtectinism practiced by certain cuntries. Cnsequently, the chances f bsting grwth thrugh utward FDI may be limited.(一些创新型企业积极增加对外直接投资（FDI），利用海外廉价劳动力的成本优势保持成本竞争力。然而，由于某些国家实行保护主义，全球经济正面临贸易下降的挑战。因此，通过对外直接投资促进增长的机会可能有限)”可推知，作者分别提到了FDI的优点和缺点，即对FDI的态度是客观的。故选C。
4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therefre, it is necessary t emply cperatin plicies t supprt crpratins that prmte innvatins by increasing investment in research and develpment, facilitating the grwth f new cmpanies, and building a perfect system t prtect intellectual prperties.(因此，有必要通过加大研发投入、促进新企业成长、建立完善的知识产权保护制度等合作政策，支持推动创新的企业)”可知，作者建议采取鼓励企业创新的政策来应对先进技术带来的新任务。故选B。
12~15.【答案】A、D、D、C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。新的生物多样性监测技术——环境DNA (eDNA)技术即将问世，文章对其进行了介绍。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“They then use ne f the tw analysis methds — quantitative PCR (qPCR) r DNA sequencing (DNA 测序 ). Similar t COVID tests, qPCR is used t detect if a specific speciesˈ DNA is in the sample. Fr example, researchers tested river water eDNA t see if endangered fish X was present. When it was detected, they cnfirmed that the fish lived in that river withut directly seeing it.(然后他们使用两种分析方法中的一种——定量PCR (qPCR)或DNA测序(DNA测序)。与COVID测试类似，qPCR用于检测样品中是否存在特定物种的DNA。例如，研究人员测试了河水的eDNA，看看是否存在濒危鱼类X。当它被发现时，他们没有直接看到它就能确认鱼生活在那条河里。)”可知，作者在第二段提到这个例子的目的是说明qPCR分析方法的过程。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“Althugh eDNA sampling cannt identify new species r thse nly knwn frm phts and vides if they are nt already listed in the reference databases, the real pwer f it lies in its ability t capture a wide range f rganisms. With just ne sample, scientists can detect all kinds f living things, frm bacteria t whales, in almst any envirnment where life exists, including the deep sea and undergrund caves.(虽然eDNA采样不能识别新物种，或者那些只从照片和视频中知道的物种，如果它们没有被列入参考数据库，但它的真正力量在于它能够捕获范围广泛的生物。只需一个样本，科学家就可以在几乎任何有生命存在的环境中探测到各种生物，从细菌到鲸鱼，包括深海和地下洞穴。)”可知，eDNA取样的优势是它可以用它的样本识别任何生物。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Imagine a future where eDNA data culd be cllected frm the mst remte ceans by autnmus vehicles, analyzed by the drne r n bard a research vessel (船舰), and integrated with ther mnitring data s marine managers and the public can see near-real-time data abut the cnditin f the cean.(想象一下，未来eDNA数据可以由自动驾驶车辆从最偏远的海洋收集，由无人机或研究船上进行分析，并与其他监测数据相结合，这样海洋管理者和公众就可以看到有关海洋状况的近实时数据。)”可知，eDNA数据在未来可以应用于为海洋监管提供统计数据。故选D。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Figuring ut bidiversity patterns and detecting rare r just-gd-at-hiding species has lng psed challenges fr ecsystem mnitring and cnservatin effrts. Traditinal survey methds are labr intensive and cver limited areas. Nw, emerging envirnmental DNA (eDNA) techniques pen new pssibilities.(长期以来，弄清楚生物多样性的模式，探测稀有或善于隐藏的物种，一直是生态系统监测和保护工作的挑战。传统的调查方法是劳动密集型的，覆盖范围有限。现在，新兴的环境DNA (eDNA)技术开启了新的可能性。)”可知，文章主要是讲新的生物多样性监测技术即将问世。故选C。
16~20.【答案】C、B、G、A、F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了运动对心理健康有着积极作用，并阐述运动和情绪之间存在直接联系的原因
1. 根据上文“Why des exercise hld s many benefits fr ur mental health?(为什么运动对我们的心理健康有这么多好处？)”可知，本句主要回答上文的问题，结合后文“When ur muscles tighten, chains f amin acids (氨基酸) called mykines (肌细胞因子) are released int the bldstream.(当我们的肌肉收紧时，被称为肌促因子的氨基酸链被释放到血液中)”提到chains f amin acids氨基酸链的被释放，体现了正是C选项中chemistry的体现。故C选项“研究表明，答案在于我们大脑中的化学物质”符合语境，故选C。
2. 根据上文“When ur muscles tighten, chains f amin acids (氨基酸) called mykines (肌细胞因子) are released int the bldstream.(当我们的肌肉收紧时，被称为肌促因子的氨基酸链被释放到血液中)”以及后文“This cmmunicatin increases adaptatin t stress, reduces symptms f anxiety and has a direct effect n depressin.(这种交流增加了对压力的适应，减少了焦虑的症状，并对抑郁有直接影响)”可知，本句承接上文，说明氨基酸链的具体作用，B选项中they指代空格前chains f amin acids，和空格后This cmmunicatin指选项 yur muscles and rgans cmmunicate。故B选项“它们帮助你的肌肉和器官交流”符合语境，故选B。
3. 根据上文“A recent study published in the British Jurnal f Sprts Medicine shwed that treatment fr depressin can be much mre effective when physical activity is added t the usual care.(最近发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上的一项研究表明，如果在日常护理中加入体育活动，抑郁症的治疗会更有效)”以及后文““While exercise is nt a substitute fr prfessinal mental health treatment, physical activity can cmplement and enhance the effects f the treatment,” says lead researcher Ben Singh, a research fellw at the University f Suth Australia. He says regular exercise in a grup setting can bst self-esteem and decrease feelings f islatin and lneliness.(南澳大利亚大学研究员、首席研究员本·辛格说:“虽然运动不能代替专业的心理健康治疗，但体育活动可以补充并增强治疗效果。”他说，在团体环境中定期锻炼可以增强自尊，减少孤立感和孤独感)”可知，本句主要就上文加入体育活动展开具体说明，且此处涉及研究，推测本句与研究中的参与者有关。故G选项“参与者在12周后发现每天锻炼30到60分钟是有益的”符合语境，故选G。
4. 根据上文“Exercise helps build key cnnectins between the netwrks within the brain, t.(锻炼也有助于建立大脑网络之间的关键连接)”以及后文“Studies have shwn that physical activity stimulates creativity, sharpens judgement skills and imprves mental energy. It can als help t slw age-related cgnitive decline, pssibly even slwing the pace f develping Alzheimerˈs disease.(研究表明，体育活动可以激发创造力，提高判断能力，提高精神能量。它还可以帮助减缓与年龄相关的认知衰退，甚至可能减缓阿尔茨海默病的发展速度)”可知，本句主要是在说明体育活动对人的大脑的具体好处，故A选项“它可以提高整体认知能力”符合语境，故选A。
5. 根据后文“In this way yuˈll keep ging back t them. Experts suggest that yu aim fr a minimum f 10 t 30 minutes, three t five days each week. Getting sweaty is gd fr yur bdy and mind.(这样你就会不断回到他们身边。专家建议，你的目标是每周至少锻炼3到5天，每次10到30分钟。出汗对你的身心都有好处)”可知，该空位于文章末段，起到总结作用，另外空格后面In this way对应F选项中t be engaged in sprts yu enjy，them指代sprts。故F选项“为了最大程度地促进健康，关键是要参加你喜欢的运动”符合语境，故选F。
21~35.【答案】B、A、D、C、D、A、C、B、A、C、C、A、B、D、B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了中国戏曲学院的学生徐一唐因一次在水族馆内邂逅珊瑚的经历而对珊瑚产生了终生的热爱，他后来成了一名珊瑚保护主义者。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不知道，在水族馆的一次偶遇会点燃他一生的激情。A. accident事故；B. encunter相遇，邂逅；C. applicatin申请；D. perfrmance表现。根据上文中的“went with friends fr a birthday celebratin t Beijing Z”和下文中的“After he first saw crals at the aquarium”可知，他和朋友一起去北京动物园庆生，并没有特意计划，他在这里第一次见到了珊瑚，所以是偶然在水族馆遇到了珊瑚。故选B。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：快进到今天，北京人徐已经搬到了中国南部海南省的热带岛屿，在那里他是中国科学院附属的三亚热带生物实验室的珊瑚保护主义者。A. mved移动，搬迁；B. driven驾车；C. appealed呼吁；D. signaled发信号。根据空后的“t the trpical island f Suth Chinaˈs Hainan prvince, where he serves as a cral ____3____”可知，身为北京人的徐一唐搬到了海南的热带岛屿上工作。故选A。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. educatr教育工作者；B. ambassadr大使；C. artist艺术家；D. cnservatinist环境保护主义者。根据下文中的“Xu, wh is nicknamed ‘cral manˈ”和“He aims t ____7____individuals t take actin in prtecting cral reefs(珊瑚礁) and the ceans as a whle.”可知，他致力于保护珊瑚，所以他是一名珊瑚保护主义者。下文中的“becming a cral cnservatinist”也是提示。故选D。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天，他都要花几个小时深入海浪下，观察和记录这些年前让他着迷的生物的生长和发展。A. apprve同意；B. increase（使）增长；C. dcument记录；D. smth使平滑，使光滑。根据空后的“the grwth and develpment f the creatures”可知，这里表示观察和记录珊瑚的生长和发展。故选C。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. separated（使）分开；B. relieved解除，减轻；C. preserved保护；D. fascinated深深吸引，迷住。根据上文中的“light a lifelng passin”可知，他对珊瑚深深迷恋。故选D。
6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：被戏称为“珊瑚侠”的徐活跃在新浪微博等社交媒体平台上，他经常在那里分享珊瑚的惊人视觉照片和娱乐视频。A. actively积极地；B. finally最终，最后；C. universally全体地；D. skillfully熟练地。根据句中的“where he regularly shares visually amazing phts and entertaining vides f crals”可知，他经常在社交媒体平台上分享珊瑚的照片和视频，所以他在这些媒体上很活跃。故选A。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他旨在鼓励个人采取行动，保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。A. teach教；B. arrange安排；C. encurage鼓励；D. frce迫使。根据空后的“individuals t take actin in prtecting cral reefs(珊瑚礁) and the ceans as a whle”可知，他想通过这种方式鼓励人们行动起来，保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。故选C。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于从小学习京剧的徐来说，成为一名珊瑚保护主义者是一个意想不到的转折。A. impractical不现实的；B. unexpected出乎意料的；C. unfrtunate不幸的；D. unacceptable不能接受（或允许、同意）的。根据句中的“Xu, wh had been studying Peking Opera since childhd”可知，徐一唐从小学习京剧，而现在他却成了一名珊瑚保护主义者，这是意想不到的转变。故选B。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在水族馆第一次看到珊瑚后，他开始经常光顾当地市场，向出售装饰植物、鱼类和珊瑚的商人了解珊瑚养殖。A. frequent常去；B. expand扩大，增加；C. manage管理；D. imprve提高。根据空后的“the lcal market t learn”可知，他常去光顾当地市场，去了解珊瑚养殖的知识。故选A。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. selling出售；B. bserving观察；C. farming从事畜牧业；D. decrating装饰。根据下文中的“started cultivating a cral”可知，他后来开始养殖珊瑚，所以可知他向商人了解珊瑚养殖的知识。故选C。
11. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他还在网上搜索信息。A. answered fr对……负责；B. brught in请……做，引入；C. searched fr搜索；D. gave ut分发，用完。根据上文中的“learn abut cral ____10____”和空后的“infrmatin nline”可知，他不仅向商人了解珊瑚养殖的知识，还去网上搜索信息。故选C。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“珊瑚生物对环境非常敏感，对水质要求极高，”徐回忆道。A. requirements要求；B. reputatins声誉；C. perids时期；D. pririties优先事项。根据句中的“is quite sensitive t its envirnment”可知，珊瑚对环境很敏感，所以养殖珊瑚对水质的要求很高。故选A。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我开始种植珊瑚时，它的状态并不好。A. pure纯的；B. gd好的；C. cnfusing难以理解的；D. strict严厉的。下句的But表明前后句之间是转折关系，根据下句“But as Xu gained mre ____14____abut cral, including hw t cntrl factrs like water temperature and pH levels, his cral gradually started t flurish.”可知，他的珊瑚后来慢慢开始茁壮成长，由此可知，一开始的时候珊瑚的状态并不好。故选B。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但随着徐对珊瑚的了解越来越多，包括如何控制水温和pH值等因素，他的珊瑚逐渐开始茁壮成长。A. evidence证据；B. care关心；C. equipment设备；D. knwledge知识，了解。根据句中的“including hw t cntrl factrs like water temperature and pH levels”可知，这里指的是关于珊瑚的知识。故选D。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还了解到，珊瑚礁被称为“热带雨林”和海洋的“水下花园”，为四分之一的海洋生物提供了家园。A. map地图；B. hme家，家园；C. platfrm平台；D. cntainer容器。根据句中的“reefs are knwn as ‘trpical rainfrestsˈ and ‘underwater gardensˈ f the cean”和空后的“fr a quarter f all sea creatures”以及常识可知，珊瑚礁被称为“热带雨林”和海洋的“水下花园”，它是海洋生物的栖息地，给海洋生物提供了家园。故选B。
36.【答案】【小题1】
has included
【小题2】
symblizing
【小题3】
carved
【小题4】
t
【小题5】
qualities
【小题6】
were assciated
【小题7】
a
【小题8】
cmmnly
【小题9】
which/that
【小题10】
r
【解析】1. 考查时态。句意：2024年是中国农历的龙年，这是《牛津英语词典》首次将“Chinese dragn(中国龙)”纳入词典。分析可知，所填动词作句子的谓语动词，结合句式结构为“it is+the+序数词+that+主语+have/has dne…”可知，这里用完成时结构，且主语“the Oxfrd English Dictinary”为第三人称单数，应是has dne。故填has included。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：古代帝王都穿龙袍，这是一种传统的丝织服装，上面有龙的图案，象征着皇权和权威。分析可知，“__2____ (symblize) imperial pwer and authrity”为名词“a Dragn Rbe”的后置定语，动词“symblize”与其之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填symblizing。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：玉玺，通常刻有龙，也象征着皇帝的权威。分析可知，“ften ____3___ (carve) with dragns”为之前名词“Jade Seals”的后置定语，动词“carve”与其之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填carved
4. 考查介词和固定短语。句意：与西方的龙相反，中国龙的形象尽管经历了不断的变化，但却代表了各种积极的品质，包括繁荣、权威、力量和好运。分析可知，“cntrary t…”，固定短语，意为“与……相反”。故填t。
5. 考查名词复数。句意：与西方的龙相反，中国龙的形象尽管经历了不断的变化，但却代表了各种积极的品质，包括繁荣、权威、力量和好运。分析可知，“varius”之后接可数名词复数。故填qualities。
6. 考查时态和被动。句意：在中国古代的信仰中，龙与控制天气，特别是雨水有关。分析可知，所填动词作句子的谓语动词，结合语境“In ancient Chinese belief”可知，用一般过去时，且主语“dragns”与动词“assciate”之间为被动关系，用一般过去时被动：were dne。故填were assciated。
7. 考查不定冠词。句意：龙带来雨水的能力被视为对农业至关重要，这使它成为土地肥沃的积极象征。分析可知，“symbl”为可数名词，所填空应是不定冠词做限定词。“psitive/ˈpɒzɪtɪv/”为辅音音素开头的单词，因此这里用a。故填a。
8. 考查副词。句意：随着中国时尚潮流的兴起和中国文化创意产业的蓬勃发展，民间传说中的中国龙现在经常出现在创意产品中，如可撕下的日历、玩偶、以龙为主题的珠宝以及吸引年轻消费者的“龙盲盒”。分析可知，这里用副词作状语修饰动词“seen”。
9. 考查定语从句引导词。句意：随着中国时尚潮流的兴起和中国文化创意产业的蓬勃发展，民间传说中的中国龙现在经常出现在创意产品中，如可撕下的日历、玩偶、以龙为主题的珠宝以及吸引年轻消费者的“龙盲盒”。分析可知，“____9____ appeal t yung cnsumers”为之前“the ‘dragn blind bxesˈ”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
10. 考查连词。句意：不管是通过国家级非物质文化遗产传承人之手，还是通过Z世代“盲盒”设计师之手，中国龙都在弘扬中国文化精神。根据前文中“Whether…”可知，这里应是“whether…r…”，意为“是……还是……，不管……还是”。故填r。
37.【答案】One afternn, abut six weeks after my Facebk pst, a travel-wrn pstcard arrived in ur letterbx. It read, “Nanny Del, thinking f yu in Michigan, USA, and thinking f yu as we mve arund this beautiful State.” That simple pstcard was t me a beacn f light in a desperate perid. I held it in my hands, read and re-read the wrds and felt smething—hpe. Frm that day n, ur letter bx became the destinatin fr pstcards frm all ver the wrld: India, Prtugal, Italy, the Czech Republic, China and s n. It delivered the simple but beautiful descriptin f the wrld, especially pepleˈs warmth t my sick Nanny.
My dreams f armchair travels becme a reality. In the mnths that fllwed we travelled the wrld tgether with the pstcards frm all crners f the glbe. Nanny enjyed every visit frm the pstman. “I just canˈt believe strangers did this fr a little ld lady theyˈve never met”, she murmured many times. I reached ut t the senders, expressing my gratitude fr their selfless lve. Given my Nannyˈs wrsening cnditin, I didnˈt knw hw lng she culd hang ut fr the trips with me, but I did knw it was lve that made her wrld g arund.
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的祖母癌症晚期，某天祖母说自己从来没有离开过澳大利亚，这让作者感到悲伤。于是作者在网上发帖向陌生人寻求帮助。于是此后他们家的邮箱陆续收到了来自世界各地的明信片，传达了对世界的简单而美丽的描述，也是人们对祖母的关爱和温暖。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“一天下午，大约是我在Facebk上发帖六周后，我们的信箱收到了一张旅行用过的明信片”可知，第一段可描写他们收到明信片的情况以及作者的感受。
②由第二段首句内容“我的扶手椅旅行梦想成为现实”可知，第二段可描写祖母对明信片的喜爱以及作者对这件事情的感悟。
2.续写线索：收到明信片——阅读内容——感受到希望——陆续收到来自世界各地的明信片——祖母喜爱——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①表达：express/cnvey
②喜欢：enjy/like
③运送：deliver/transprt
情绪类
①美丽：beautiful/pretty
②绝望的：desperate/hpeless
【点睛】[高分句型1] Nanny Del, thinking f yu in Michigan, USA, and thinking f yu as we mve arund this beautiful State. (运用了as引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] Given my Nannyˈs wrsening cnditin, I didnˈt knw hw lng she culd hang ut fr the trips with me, but I did knw it was lve that made her wrld g arund. (运用了强调句
38.【答案】Dear Tm,
Learning that yu are enthusiastic abut Chinese paintings, Iˈm writing t invite yu t attend a Chinese Art Exhibitin.
The exhibitin, which will take place n Saturday frm 10 am t 5 pm in the City Art Gallery, features a cllectin f beautiful Chinese paintings that highlight the rich cultural heritage f the cuntry.
Please nte that we shuld arrive early t avid the crwd. Additinally, bringing a camera is advisable in the gallery. But dnˈt smke r make lud nise.
Please let me knw if yu can jin me. Iˈm lking frward t ur visit tgether.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给Tm写一封邮件，邀请他一起参加中国画展，告诉他观展安排和注意事项。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
热衷于：be enthusiastic abut→be keen n
突出：highlight→stress/emphasize
一批：a cllectin f→a batch f
注意：nte→ntice
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Additinally, bringing a camera is advisable in the gallery.
拓展句：Additinally, it is advisable t bring a camera in the gallery.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Learning that yu are enthusiastic abut Chinese paintings, Iˈm writing t invite yu t attend a Chinese Art Exhibitin. (使用了现在分词作状语、that引导宾语从句、不定式作目的状语和宾补)
【高分句型2】The exhibitin, which will take place n Saturday frm 10 am t 5 pm in the City Art Gallery, features a cllectin f beautiful Chinese paintings that highlight the rich cultural heritage f the cuntry. (使用了which引导非限制性定语从句、that引导限制性定语从句)