2024年湖南省岳阳市高考英语模拟试卷（含详细答案解析）

这是一份2024年湖南省岳阳市高考英语模拟试卷（含详细答案解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Britain is arguably the great walking natin. Abut tw-thirds f us already head ut t stretch ur legs nce a week. The fllwing festivals ffer a wealth f rganized walks, but walkers shuld register in advance.
Prestatyn and Clwydian Range festival
Visitrs t Wales tend t mve west, t either the well-wrn tracks f Snwdnia r the Pembrkeshire Cast Path. There are 25 walks packed int the three days, with varius ptins available, including a half-mile Rman-themed adventure, an eight-mile walk explring the life f 18th-century Welsh naturalist and travel writer Thmas Pennant and a 21-mile Offa's Dyke challenge. All walks are free.
Denbighshire, Wales, 19—21 May
Otley walking festival
This lcal festival has grwn frm humble rigins in 2000 int a busy schedule f 50 shrt-distance walks and events celebrating the lives and landscapes f Wharfedale in West Yrkshire. One might enjy the Five Pubs Walk, Walking With Wine, Fur Mre Pubs r Lst Pubs f Otley. All walks are free, thugh there is smetimes a small charge fr transprt.
Otley, West Yrkshire, 24 June—3 July
Dartmr ffrading walking festival
Dartmr delights (使高兴) walkers because, while tracks are there t be fllwed, the lack f wire and ther barriers, and the relatively small number f farm buildings n the higher grund, create a sensatin f freedm. The six free wheelchair walks, starting daily at 11am, explre Dartmr's industrial histry, brnze age valuables and Victrian railway builders.
Devn, 27 August—2 September
Gwer walking festival
With mre superb walking ptins inside a single landscape than perhaps anywhere else, the Gwer peninsula (半岛) smetimes feels as if it's all cast. The further infrmatin fr this nine-day festival, celebrating the10th anniversary f the Wales Cast Path (WCP), has yet t be finalized. Half f the walks ffered during the festival will be n the castal path. £10 adults, ver-sixes £6.
Glamrgan, 2—10 September
1.Which festival is friendly t the disabled?
A. Prestatyn and Clwydian Range festival.
B. Otley walking festival.
C. Dartmr ffrading walking festival.
D. Gwer walking festival.
2.What d we knw abut Gwer walking festival?
A. It has the mst superb walking ptins.
B. Half f the walks last fr a whle week.
C. It's aimed t advcate castal prtectin.
D. The final details remain t be cnfirmed.
3.What d the listed festivals have in cmmn?
A. They are ffered free f charge.
B. They require prir registratin.
C. They take advantage f the cast.
D. They are favred by antique enthusiasts.
B
In 1975，a San Dieg hmemaker named Marjrie Rice came acrss a clumn in Scientific American abut tiling（瓷砖）.There is a prblem which has interested mathematicians since ancient Greek times.After Rice's chance encunter with tiling，family members ften saw her in the kitchen cnstantly drawing shapes."I thught she was just drawing casually（随意），"her daughter Kathy said.But Rice wh tk nly ne year f math in high schl，was actually discvering never-befre-seen patterns.
Brn in Flrida，she lved learning and particularly her brief expsure t math，but tight budget and scial culture prevented her family frm even cnsidering that she might attend cllege."Fr Rice，math was a pleasure，"her sn David nce said.
Rice gave ne f her sns a subscriptin t Scientific American partly because she culd read it carefully while the children were at schl.When she read Gardner's clumn abut tiling as she later recalled in an interview："I thught it must be wnderful that smene culd discver these beautiful patterns which n ne had seen befre."She als wrte in an essay，"My interest was engaged by the subject and I wanted t understand every detail f it.Lacking a mathematical backgrund，I develped my wn symbl system and in a few mnths discvered a new type."
Astnished and delighted，she sent her wrk t Gardner，wh sent it t Dris，a tiling expert at Mravian Cllege.Dris cnfirmed that Rice's finding was crrect.
Later，Rice declined t lecture n her discveries，citing shyness，but at Dris's invitatin，she attended a university mathematics meeting，where she was intrduced t the audience.Rice still said nthing f her achievements t her children，but they eventually fund ut as the awards munted.
4.Why did Rice ften draw shapes in the kitchen？ ______
A. T becme a mathematician.B. T explre the secret f tiling.
C. T fill her leisure time.D. T shw her passin fr drawing.
5.What can we learn abut Rice frm Paragraphs 2 and 3？ ______
A. She lnged t start a clumn.
B. She was rejected frm a cllege.
C. She was gd at designing patterns.
D. She succeeded in develping a system.
6.What is the text mainly abut？ ______
A. The magic f math.B. The effrts f Rice.
C. The humility f Rice.D. The patterns f tiling.
7.What can we learn frm the Rice's experience？ ______
A. Nthing is impssible t a willing mind.
B. Actins speak luder than wrds.
C. Every clud has a silver lining.
D. Practice makes perfect.
C
Fr decades，scientists thught f the brain as the mst valuable and cnsequently mst clsely guarded part f the bdy.Lcked safely behind the bld-brain barrier，it was bradly free f the harm f viruses and the battles started by the immune system（免疫系统）.Then，abut 20 years ag，sme researchers began t wnder：is the brain really s separated frm the bdy？The answer，accrding t a grwing bdy f evidence，is n.
The list f brain cnditins that have been assciated with changes elsewhere in the bdy is lng and grwing.Changes in the make-up f the micrrganisms （微生物） in the digestive system have been linked t disrders such as Parkinsn's disease.There is als a thery that infectin during pregnancy（孕期） culd lead t brain diseases in babies.
The effect is tw-way.There is a lengthening list f symptms nt typically viewed as disrders f the nervus system，but the brain plays a large part in them.Fr example，the develpment f a fever is influenced by a ppulatin f nerve cells that cntrl bdy temperature and appetite.Evidence is munting that cancers use nerves t grw and spread.
The intercnnectin between brain and bdy has prmising implicatins fr ur ability t bth understand and treat illnesses.If sme brain disrders start utside the brain，then perhaps treatments fr them culd als reach in frm utside.Treatments that take effect thrugh the digestive system，the heart r ther rgans，wuld be much easier and less risky than thse that must crss the bld-brain barrier.
It als wrks in the ppsite directin.Study shws mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulatin t a brain area invlved in psitive emtin and mtivatin.Activatin f the brain reward centre —called the ventral tegmental area （VTA）— seems t cause immune changes that cntribute t it.Wrking ut hw this happens culd help t destry cancers，enhance respnses t vaccines（疫苗） and even re-evaluate physical diseases that，fr centuries，have nt been cnsidered as being psychlgically driven.
8.What d the researchers fcus n abut the brain？ ______
A. Its prtecting system.B. Its expsure t diseases.
C. Its cntrlling functin.D. Its cnnectin t the bdy.
9.Hw des the authr supprt his idea in paragraph 2？ ______
A. By explaining a thery.B. By prviding examples.
C. By making cmparisns.D. By presenting cause and effect.
10.Which best describes treatments that d nt crss the bld-brain barrier？ ______
A. Cheaper.B. Mre specific.C. Safer.D. Mre direct.
11.What des the study suggest in the last paragraph？ ______
A. Brain health depends n immune changes.
B. Brain stimulatin leads t negative emtins.
C. The brain can help enhance psychlgical health.
D. The brain may be key t treating physical diseases.
D
Evlutin （进化） can perfrm extrardinary makevers；tday's airbrne sngbirds evlved frm the wingless，earthbund dinsaurs that wandered millins f years ag.But sme rganisms seem t be unchanged—in ther wrds，escape natural selectin.The celacanth，a mdern-day fish，is nearly identical t its 410-millin-year-ld fssils.
Scientists have lng wndered hw these species d s.It has been assumed that natural selectin keeps sme species unchanged by selecting fr mderate r average qualities （stabilizing selectin） rather than selecting fr mre extreme qualities that wuld cause a species t change （directinal selectin）.
But a study published in the Natinal Academy f Sciences USA cntradicts this idea，shwing that evlutin cnstantly favrs different qualities in seemingly unchanging animals t imprve shrt-term survival.In the lng term，thugh， "all that evlutin cancels ut and leads t n change，" says the study's lead authr，James Strud.
Strud and his clleagues studied fur lizard （蜥蜴） species，all relatively unchanged fr 20 millin years.The researchers caught members f these ppulatins every six mnths fr three years.They measured each lizard's head size，leg length，mass and height，as well as the size f its sticky tes （脚趾头），nting which individuals survived.Strud expected t bserve stabilizing selectin at wrk preserving mderate qualities.Instead he saw clearer evidence f directinal selectin：sme lizards with unique characteristics，such as stickier tes，survived better.
The study ffers "a gd explanatin fr why we see what we think is stabiliring selectin，" says Tadashi Fukami，an eclgist studying evlutin at Stanfrd University.Many new qualities are evlving in the shrt term，but they dn't prvide a crucial advantage ver the lng term.In ther wrds，species staying unchanged may simply have fund the best pssible cmbinatin f qualities fr lasting success in their envirnment.S what happens when the lizards' envirnment changes mre dramatically？T help answer this bigger questin，Strud is still making trips t visit the lizards.
12.Why des the authr mentin the "celacanth fish" in paragraph 1？ ______ ​
A. T demnstrate the pwer f evlutin.
B. T add evidence t natural selectin.
C. T give an example f unchanged species.
D. T prve species' extrardinary makevers.
13.What's the fcus f paragraph 2？ ______ ​
A. Unslved mysteries.B. A cmmn belief.
C. A sharp cntrast.D. Unique Characteristics.
14.Hw did Strud cnduct his research？ ______ ​
A. By analyzing lizard fssils.
B. By tracking research bjects.
C. By illustrating stabilizing selectin.
D. By categrizing qualities f lizards.
15.What will Strud prbably d in the future？ ______ ​
A. Make trips t visit lizard experts.
B. Summarize average features f lizards.
C. Reveal the best cmbinatins f qualities.
D. Examine lizards under extreme cnditins.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
D yu think yu need t shut at yurself t frce yurself t finish yur hmewrk？If s，think again. （1） ______ Research shws that practicing self-cmpassin （自我关怀） imprves ur mental and physical well-being and supprts lng-term success.
Self-cmpassin is the practice f being kind and supprtive t urselves.The ppsite is being self-critical and mean t urselves when we make a mistake. （2） ______ These negative respnses are related t depressin，stress and reduced quality f life.
A 2017 study fund peple wh practice self-cmpassin tend t handle stress better.Their bdies have less f a stress respnse when，fr example，they meet with difficulties at wrk r schl. （3） ______ Let's say they d prly n a gemetry test.Self-cmpassin helps them use the experience t make changes ging frward，like seeking ut a math tutr.
（ 4） ______ We can start with mindfulness.First f all，practice bserving ur thughts — are they understanding r critical？Dn't judge urselves t severely then.Rather than getting caught up in hw we culd have dne better，frgive urselves and think abut what t change while remaining respectful，and lving t urselves.（5） ______ We can read a nvel，play a musical instrument r kick arund a sccer ball with friends.
With practice，we can learn t treat urselves with kindness and uncnditinal lve — nt tugh lve.
A.S hw d we develp self-cmpassin？
B.It may be mre effective t be kind t yurself.
C.It includes letting g f yur strict self-criticism.
D.Mindfulness is the key t practicing self-cmpassin.
E.But this apprach des nt make us feel r perfrm better.
F.They have mre cnfidence t lk fr areas where they can imprve.
G.Als，shw urselves kindness in ways that nurish （滋养） ur spirit and bdy.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
Lauren Schreder was vlunteering at a cmmunity fd bank at age 14.As she flled bags with （1） ______ grceries，she nticed that there were plenty f fd that came in cans and bxes，but she didn't see anything. （2） ______ and healthy t give t families in need.
Inspired t make a （3） ______ ，she tld her parents that she wanted t start a vegetable garden n their farm，s that peple culd get the （4） ______ they needed.Althugh they were （5） ______ ，her parents made her aware f hw much wrk it wuld take.Still，the teenager was up fr the （6） ______ .
Lauren managed t receive a（n）（ 7） ______ frm a yuth rganizatin t pay fr seeds and gardening （8） ______ .She did a lt f research nline t find ut what plants（9） ______ and what didn't，what needed shade，and which nes needed mre water.Over the ht and dry summer，she （10） ______ her crps fr weeds and watered them by hand every day.Her first harvest resulted in 40 punds f prduce that she then（11） ______ gave away t lcal fd banks，a sup kitchen，and a nursing hme.
Mre （12） ______ than ever，she relaunched her prject，dubling the size f her garden and （13） ______ her vegetable selectin.S far，she has spent ver 1，000 hurs wrking in her garden and dnated 7，000 punds f hme-grwn prduce.
"I lve （14） ______ ， "said Lauren，nw 17."Many peple help yu ut，but it makes mre （15） ______ when yu help ther peple ut."
21.A. preservedB. dnatedC. selectedD. traded
22.A. necessaryB. beautifulC. valuableD. fresh
23.A. changeB. requestC. chiceD. prfit
24.A. guidanceB. infrmatinC. nutritinD. service
25.A. supprtiveB. dubtfulC. prtectiveD. mindful
26.A. cmpetitinB. perfrmanceC. assignmentD. challenge
27.A. invitatinB. fundC. pininD. certificate
28.A. methdsB. prductsC. suppliesD. lessns
29.A. wrkedB. develpedC. happenedD. imprved
30.A. arrangedB. checkedC. preparedD. exchanged
31.A. carefullyB. secretlyC. temprarilyD. generusly
32.A. amusedB. relievedC. mtivatedD. exhausted
33.A. expandingB. assessingC. presentingD. defending
34.A. mving nB. weighing upC. shwing ffD. giving back
35.A. effrtB. differenceC. mneyD. prgress
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36.Literally translated as the "Sngs f Heres" dance，Yingge Dance is 300-year-ld flk dance that riginated frm the Chashan area f Suth China's Guangdng Prvince. （1） ______ （ dress） in clrful cstumes，perfrmers wave wden sticks in their hands （2） ______ dancing in rderly frmatins t the music.Based n the stries f the 108 Heres f Liangshan Muntain frm the classic nvel Outlaws f the Marsh，it is a flk art cmbining a variety f frms，（ 3） ______ martial arts and Chinese peras t dance.
In recent years，Chashan Yingge Dance has （4） ______ （ gradual） cme int the public eye thrugh transfrmatins in perfrmance frm，style ptimizatin，and pening up f infrmatin channels.In the Spring Festival f the Dragn Year，Yingge Dance nce again （5） ______ （ dminate） the screens，（ 6） ______ （ it） dazzling and fiery wave f ppularity cntinuing thrughut the hliday，even sparking （7） ______ brilliant cultural passin verseas.
On the first and secnd days f the Lunar New Year，the Nanshan Yingge Team frm Guangdng's Puning made appearances at （8） ______ （ icn） British landmarks-the Burlingtn Arcade and Trafalgar Square-（9） ______ （ bring） New Year greetings frm Guangdng t verseas Chinese and freign friends alike.The perfrmances attracted ver seven hundred thusand spectatrs and received （10） ______ （ cver） frm ver a hundred media utlets.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。
37.你校计划举办主题为"极简电子产品生活方式—A lifestyle f digital minimalism"的英语作文比赛，请你写一则通知，内容包括：
（1）介绍比赛目的；
（2）说明参赛要求。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Welcme t Jin the English Writing Cmpetitin
38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
After a busy week，Emily and her parents decided t g n a muntain picnic.They lnged t fully experience nature's beauty and enjy quality family time.Little did they knw，this uting wuld be filled with unexpected twists and turns （波折）.
Arriving at the muntain's base，they discvered a huse，in frnt f which Mike and his father had just finished lading a bat nt Mike's truck.Emily apprached them and asked fr the best picnic spt in the area.Knwing the muntain well，Mike suggested a lcatin abut tw hurs' walk away. "It's wrth the effrt，" he assured them.
Parking their car next t Mike's truck and carrying their picnic supplies，Emily and her parents set ff n the winding rad.Tall green trees n ne side，a flwing stream n the ther，the rad eventually led them t a breathtaking clearing dtted with clrful wildflwers.They enjyed their delicius sandwiches，fruits，and snacks，engaging in pleasant cnversatins.
Just as they finished their meal and settled dwn t relax，dark cluds unexpectedly rlled in.It lked like rain.Panicked，they hurriedly set up the tent they had brught.N sner had they entered than raindrps began puring n the rf.Heavy rain envelped the surrundings，making it impssible t see anything.They had n chice but t patiently wait it ut.
After what felt like a century，the rain ceased.Emily and her parents wasted n time packing up their belngings，ready t get dwnhill.Hwever，their excitement turned t wrry when they discvered that the small stream they had previusly crssed had turned int a wide and impassable river.With n cellphne signal，they were trapped withut a means f seeking help.T make matters wrse，darkness was appraching.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly，they heard the sund f a vehicle frm acrss the river.________
Emily and her parents barded the bat.________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、D、B
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国四个有名的步行节。
1.
根据Dartmr ffrading walking festival部分中的Dartmr delights (使高兴) walkers because, a sensatin f freedm. （Dartmr让步行者感到高兴，因为尽管有小路可走，但没有电线和其他障碍物，高地上相对较少的农场建筑，给人一种自由的感觉）可推知，这里对残疾人也是有帮助的。故选C。
2.
根据Gwer walking festival部分中的The further infrmatin fr this nine-day festival, celebrating the 10th anniversary f the Wales Cast Path (WCP), has yet t be finalized. （这个为期九天的节日庆祝威尔士海岸小径（WCP）十周年，其进一步信息尚未最终确定)）可知，关于Gwer walking festival最后的细节还有待确定。故选D。
3.
根据第一段中的The fllwing festivals ffer a wealth f rganized walks, but walkers shuld register in advance. （接下来的节日提供了丰富的有组织的步行活动，但步行者应该提前登记）可知，这些节日的共同点是：要求提前登记。故选B。
4~7.【答案】B、D、B、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段After Rice's chance encunter with tiling，family members ften saw her in the kitchen cnstantly drawing shapes.（Rice偶然接触瓷砖后，家人经常看到她在厨房里不停地画形状。）和第三段She als wrte in an essay， "My interest was engaged by the subject and I wanted t understand every detail f it.（她还在一篇文章中写道，"我对这个主题很感兴趣，我想了解它的每一个细节。）可知，Rice对瓷砖这个主题很感兴趣，想了解它的每一个细节，可得出因为想探索瓷砖的秘密，所以Rice经常在厨房里画形状。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Lacking a mathematical backgrund，I develped my wn symbl system and in a few mnths discvered a new type.（由于缺乏数学背景，我开发了自己的符号系统，并在几个月内发现了一种新的类型。）可知，Rice成功地开发了一个系统。故选D。
（3）主旨大意题。根据文章内容，主要讲述了主要讲述了圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里•赖斯的家庭主妇在《科学美国人》杂志上偶然看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己的符号系统，发现了以前从未见过的图案。B.The effrts f Rice.（赖斯的努力。）符合文意。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章内容，主要讲述了主要讲述了圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里•赖斯的家庭主妇在《科学美国人》杂志上偶然看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己的符号系统，发现了以前从未见过的图案。因此文章告诉我们A.Nthing is impssible t a willing mind.（世上无难事，只怕有心人。）符合文意，故选A。
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里•赖斯的家庭主妇在《科学美国人》杂志上偶然看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己的符号系统，发现了以前从未见过的图案。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析。
8~11.【答案】D、B、C、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段的Then，abut 20 years ag，sme researchers began t wnder：is the brain really s separated frm the bdy？*（然后，大约20年前，一些研究人员开始怀疑：大脑真的与身体如此分离吗？）可知，研究人员想知道大脑跟身体是不是真的如此分离开，也就是他们是否联系紧密，故答案为 D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段 The list f brain cnditins that have been assciated with changes elsewhere in the bdy is lng and grwing.Changes in the make-up f the micrrganisms （微生物） in the digestive system have been linked t disrders such as Parkinsn's disease.There is als a thery that infectin during pregnancy（孕期） culd lead t brain diseases in babies.（与身体其他部位变化相关的大脑疾病清单很长，而且还在不断增加。消化系统中微生物构成的变化与帕金森病等疾病有关。还有一种理论认为，怀孕期间的感染可能会导致婴儿脑部疾病。）可知作者在第2段中举例支持他的观点。故答案为B。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第四段Treatments that take effect thrugh the digestive system，the heart r ther rgans，wuld be much easier and less risky than thse that must crss the bld-brain barrier.（通过消化系统、心脏或其他器官发挥作用的治疗方法将比那些必须穿过血脑屏障的治疗方法更容易、风险更低。）可知不穿过血脑屏障的治疗更安全。故答案为C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段It als wrks in the ppsite directin.Study shws mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulatin t a brain area invlved in psitive emtin and mtivatin.Activatin f the brain reward centre —called the ventral tegmental area （VTA）— seems t cause immune changes that cntribute t it.Wrking ut hw this happens culd help t destry cancers，enhance respnses t vaccines（疫苗） and even re-evaluate physical diseases that，fr centuries，have nt been cnsidered as being psychlgically driven.（反过来也一样。研究表明，老鼠在大脑中涉及积极情绪和动机的区域受到刺激后，心脏更健康。大脑奖赏中心——被称为腹侧被盖区（VTA）——的激活似乎会导致免疫变化。弄清楚这是如何发生的可能有助于消灭癌症、增强对疫苗的反应，甚至重新评估数百年来不被认为是心理驱动的身体疾病。）可知大脑可能是治疗身体疾病的关键。故答案为D。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人脑和身体在病理上的紧密联系以及给我们治疗疾病带来的启示。考查考生对语篇细节信息的理解能力和基于信息进行推断的能力。核心价值在于引导考生关注医学研究领域的最新信息，培养学生辩证看待事物的关系的能力以及探究问题的科学精神。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析。
12~15.【答案】C、B、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段But sme rganisms seem t be unchanged—in ther wrds，escape natural selectin.The celacanth，a mdern-day fish，is nearly identical t its 410-millin-year-ld fssils.（但是有些生物似乎没有变化——换句话说，逃脱了自然选择。腔棘鱼是一种现代鱼类，与其4.1亿年前的化石几乎相同。）可知作者在第一段中提到"腔棘鱼"是为了举一个物种不变的例子。故答案为C。
（2）段落大意题。根据文章第二段It has been assumed that natural selectin keeps sme species unchanged by selecting fr mderate r average qualities （stabilizing selectin） rather than selecting fr mre extreme qualities that wuld cause a species t change （directinal selectin）.（有人认为，自然选择通过选择中等或平均质量（稳定选择）而不是选择会导致物种变化的更极端质量（定向选择）来保持某些物种不变。）可知第二段的重点是一个普遍观点。故答案为B。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第四段Strud and his clleagues studied fur lizard （蜥蜴） species，all relatively unchanged fr 20 millin years.The researchers caught members f these ppulatins every six mnths fr three years.They measured each lizard's head size，leg length，mass and height，as well as the size f its sticky tes （脚趾头），nting which individuals survived.（斯特劳德和他的同事研究了四种蜥蜴，它们在2000万年里都相对没有变化。研究人员在三年内每六个月捕捉一次这些蜥蜴。他们测量了每只蜥蜴的头部大小、腿长、质量和高度，以及粘性脚趾的大小，并记录了哪些个体幸存下来。）可知斯特劳德通过跟踪研究对象进行研究。故答案为B。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段T help answer this bigger questin，Strud is still making trips t visit the lizards.（为了帮助回答这个更大的问题，斯特劳德仍在走访这些蜥蜴。）可知斯特劳德将来可能会在极端条件下研究蜥蜴。故答案为D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家对某些物种在长时间内看似未发生进化变化的现象进行研究。传统观点认为是自然选择维持了物种的稳定性，但最新研究指出，这些物种实际上在短期内会经历有利于生存的特征变化，但这些变化在长期看来互相抵消，导致总体上没有显著进化。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
16~20.【答案】B、E、F、A、G
【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据前文D yu think yu need t shut at yurself t frce yurself t finish yur hmewrk？If s，think again（你认为你需要对自己大喊大叫来强迫自己完成作业吗？如果是的话，再想想。）可知，提到可能通过对自己的大吼大叫来促使自己完成作业的这一情况，后文提到Research shws that practicing self-cmpassin （自我关怀） imprves ur mental and physical well-being and supprts lng-term success.（研究表明，练习自我同情可以改善我们的身心健康，并有助于长期的成功。）可知，研究表明对自己鼓励和关怀有利于自身长期的成功，说明对自己好一点可能在促使自己完成一件事上更加有效果。B项"It may be mre effective t be kind t yurself."（善待自己可能会更有效。）符合语境。故选B。
（2）语境衔接题。根据前文提到Self-cmpassin is the practice f being kind and supprtive t urselves.The ppsite is being self-critical and mean t urselves when we make a mistake. （自我同情是对自己友善和支持的实践。相反的是当我们犯错时，自我批评和对自己刻薄。）可知，人在犯错误的时候很容易进行自我批评，且后文提到 These negative respnses are related t depressin，stress and reduced quality f life.（这些负面反应与抑郁、压力和生活质量下降有关。）可知，对自己的批评可能会导致抑郁、有压力且可能会影响生活质量。E项"But this apprach des nt make us feel r perfrm better."（但这种方法并不能让我们感觉或表现得更好。）该项提到自我批评并不会让自己感觉良好。符合语境。故选E。
（3）语境衔接题。根据前文提到A 2017 study fund peple wh practice self-cmpassin tend t handle stress better.Their bdies have less f a stress respnse when，fr example，they meet with difficulties at wrk r schl. （2017年的一项研究发现，练习自我同情的人往往能更好地应对压力。例如，当他们在工作或学校遇到困难时，他们的身体对压力的反应就会减少。）可知，以及后文中提到Let's say they d prly n a gemetry test.Self-cmpassin helps them use the experience t make changes ging frward，like seeking ut a math tutr.（假设他们几何考试成绩很差。自我同情可以帮助他们利用这段经历做出改变，比如找一个数学导师。）可知，该段提到练习自我同情的人能更好地应对压力，而且能够进行自我同情的人会根据自己的情况做出适当的可以改变自己的行为。F项"They have mre cnfidence t lk fr areas where they can imprve."（他们更有信心去寻找自己可以改进的地方。）符合语境。故选F。
（4）联系下文题。根据后文提到We can start with mindfulness.（我们可以从正念开始。）可知，由该段内容可以判断，该段提到了进行自我同情的练习方法。A项"S hw d we develp self-cmpassin？"（那么我们如何培养自我同情呢？）符合语境。故选A。
（5）语境衔接题。根据前文提到Rather than getting caught up in hw we culd have dne better，frgive urselves and think abut what t change while remaining respectful，and lving t urselves.（与其纠结于我们该如何做得更好，不如原谅自己，想想在保持尊重和爱自己的同时要改变什么。）可知，要与自己和解，要尊重自己爱自己，后文提到We can read a nvel，play a musical instrument r kick arund a sccer ball with friends.（我们可以读小说，演奏乐器或与朋友踢足球。）读书运动和演奏音乐都是让自己身心健康的好方法。G项"Als，shw urselves kindness in ways that nurish （滋养） ur spirit and bdy."（同时，要善待自己，以滋养我们的精神和身体。）符合语境。故选G。
这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了通过自我同情的练习，我们可以学会用善意和无条件的爱来对待自己。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、D、A、C、A、D、B、C、A、B、D、C、A、D、B
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.preserved保存；B.dnated捐赠；C.selected挑选；D.traded交易。句意：她在食品厨房做志愿者，将人们捐赠来的食品杂货进行装袋时，注意到很多罐装、盒装食品。根据上句Lauren Schreder was vlunteering at a cmmunity fd bank at age 14可知Lauren Schreder14岁时在社区食物银行做志愿者，说明她所处理的是人们捐赠的东西，故选B。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.necessary必要的；B.beautiful漂亮的；C.valuable有价值的；D.fresh新鲜的。句意：（她却）没有看到任何新鲜健康的食品被提供给有需要的人。根据下句she tld her parents that she wanted t start a vegetable garden n their farm可知她告诉父母，她想在他们的农场里开辟一个菜园，她发现人们捐赠的食物没有新鲜的，故选D。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.change改变；B.request请求；C.chice选择；D.prfit利润。句意：她受到启发，决心改变这种情况。根据下句she tld her parents that she wanted t start a vegetable garden n their farm可知她告诉父母，她想在他们的农场里开辟一个菜园，说明她希望被捐赠者能吃到新鲜健康的食物，这是对现状的改变，故选A。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.guidance指导；B.infrmatin信息；C.nutritin营养；D.service服务。句意：她告诉父母，她想在家里的农场里开辟一块菜园，这样人们就可以获得他们所需要的营养了。根据上文but she didn't see anything. （2）and healthy t give t families in need可知（她却）没有看到任何新鲜健康的食品被提供给有需要的人。说明她想捐赠有营养的新鲜蔬菜，故选C。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.supprtive支持的；B.dubtful怀疑的；C.prtective保护的；D.mindful留心的。句意：尽管父母很支持她，但他们跟她解释种菜有多么辛苦。根据可知Althugh可知，父母支持她，但是提醒她种菜不易，故选A。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.cmpetitin比赛；B.perfrmance表演；C.assignment任务；D.challenge挑战。句意：（即便如此），她还是愿意接受这个挑战。根据上句her parents made her aware f hw much wrk it wuld take可知他们跟她解释种菜有多么辛苦。说明她下定决心挑战自己，故选D。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.invitatin邀请；B.fund资金；C.pinin看法；D.certificate证书。句意：她设法从一个青少年组织获取了资金支持。根据该句的pay fr可知她得到了资金，故选B。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.methds方法；B.prducts产品；C.supplies工具，用品；D.lessns课程。句意：她将资金用于采购种子和农具。根据该句的pay fr seeds and.可知她采购种子和农具，故选C。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.wrked管用，奏效，可行；B.develped发展；C.happened发生；D.mattered重要，要紧。句意：她上网做了大量研究，了解如何种菜。根据下文的what plants needed shade，and which nes needed mre water可知她上网学习哪些种菜方法可行，哪些不可行，故选A。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.arranged安排，排列；B.checked检查；C.prepared准备；D.exchanged交换。句意：在炎热干旱的夏日，她每天除草、水动浇水。根据空后her crps fr weeds可知她检查菜园是否长了野草，故选B。
（11）考查副词及语境理解。A.carefully小心地；B.secretly秘密地；C.temprarily临时地；D.generusly慷慨大方地。句意：她将第一批收获的蔬菜慷慨地捐赠给了当地的食品银行、救济厨房和养老院。根据空后gave away t lcal fd banks，a sup kitchen，and a nursing hme.可知她将第一批收获的蔬菜慷慨地捐赠给了当地的食品银行、救济厨房和养老院。故选D。
（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.amused好笑的；B.relieved放心的，宽慰的；C.mtivated受到激励的，积极的；D.exhausted筋疲力尽的。句意：她感到前所未有的激励，再次开启了种菜计划，她把菜园的面积扩大了一倍，还增加了选择的蔬菜品种。根据下句she relaunched her prject，dubling the size f her garden and （13）her vegetable selectin可知她再次开启了种菜计划。说明她受到了激励。故选C。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.expand增加，扩大；B.assess评价，评定；C.present展示，赠送；D.defend保卫，防御。句意：她把菜园的面积扩大了一倍，还增加了选择的蔬菜品种。根据下句S far，she has spent ver 1，000 hurs wrking in her garden and dnated 7，000 punds f hme-grwn prduce.可知到目前为止，她已经在自己的花园里工作了1000多个小时，并捐赠了7000磅自产农产品。说明她把菜园的面积扩大了一倍，还增加了选择的蔬菜品种。故选A。
（14）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.mving n维续前进；B.weighing up称重，权衡；C.shwing ff炫耀；D，giving back归还，回馈。句意："我很乐意回馈社会。"根据下文的"Many peple help yu ut When yu help ther peple ut."可知此处意为回报别人的帮助，故选D。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.effrt努力；B.difference不同，影响；C.mney钱；D.prgress进步。句意：但是当你回报别人的帮助时，这更有意义。make a difference有意义。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。14岁的女孩Lauren Schreder为了让有需要的人吃到新鲜食物，在自家农场开辟菜园，种植出大量的蔬菜捐赠给当地的慈善机构。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】Dressed
【小题2】while/when
【小题3】frm
【小题4】gradually
【小题5】dminated
【小题6】its
【小题7】a
【小题8】icnic
【小题9】bringing
【小题10】cverage
【解析】（1）考查过去分词作状语。句意：表演者们身着五颜六色的服装，手持木棒，随着音乐整齐地起舞。本句谓语为wave，此处为非谓语动词，且perfrmers与dress"给（某人）穿衣服"为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故答案为Dressed。
（2）考查连词。句意：表演者们身着五颜六色的服装，手持木棒，随着音乐整齐地起舞。分析句子结构可知，本句中时间状语从句省略了主语perfrmers和be动词are，从句缺少"当……时"之意，用while/when引导。故答案为while/when。
（3）考查介词。句意：它是根据经典小说《水浒传》中梁山108英雄的故事改编的，是一种结合了武术、中国戏剧和舞蹈等多种形式的民间艺术。"从……到……"，为固定短语。故答案为frm。
（4）考查副词。句意：近年来，潮汕英歌通过表演形式的转变、风格的优化、信息渠道的拓宽，逐渐走入大众视野。此处使用副词gradually"逐渐地"，作状语，修饰cme。故答案为gradually。
（5）考查一般过去时。句意：龙年春节，英歌再一次占据了各大银幕，其耀眼而火热的人气在整个春节期间都在持续，甚至在海外引发了一股灿烂的文化激情。根据In the Spring Festival f the Dragn Year可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用dminate"占据"的过去式。故答案为dminated。
（6）考查代词。句意：龙年春节，英歌再一次占据了各大银幕，其耀眼而火热的人气在整个春节期间都在持续，甚至在海外引发了一股灿烂的文化激情。此处使用形容词性物主代词its，作定语，修饰wave f ppularity。故答案为its。
（7）考查冠词。句意：龙年春节，英歌再一次占据了各大银幕，其耀眼而火热的人气在整个春节期间都在持续，甚至在海外引发了一股灿烂的文化激情。此处泛指"一股灿烂的文化激情"，且brilliant以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故答案为a。
（8）考查形容词。句意：大年初一和初二，来自广东普宁的南山英歌队分别出现在英国标志性的伯灵顿商场和特拉法加广场，为海外华人和外国朋友带来了广东的新年祝福。此处使用形容词icnic"标志性的"，作定语，修饰British landmarks。故答案为icnic。
（9）考查现在分词作状语。句意：大年初一和初二，来自广东普宁的南山英歌队分别出现在英国标志性的伯灵顿商场和特拉法加广场，为海外华人和外国朋友带来了广东的新年祝福。本句谓语为made，此处为非谓语动词，且the Nanshan Yingge Team与bring"带来"为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故答案为bringing。
（10）考查名词。句意：演出吸引了70多万观众，并得到了100多家媒体的报道。此处使用名词cverage"报道"，作received的宾语。故答案为cverage。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英歌的起源和影响。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
37.【答案】Welcme t Jin the English Writing Cmpetitin
Attentin all students，
We are thrilled t annunce ur upcming English writing cmpetitin whse theme is "A lifestyle f digital minimalism".【高分句型一】The purpse f this cmpetitin is t encurage students t explre the benefits f simplifying their electrnic prduct usage and embracing a minimalist apprach t technlgy.（介绍比赛目的）
Participants are required t write an essay discussing the cncept f digital minimalism，its impact n daily life，and practical strategies fr implementing it.【高分句型二】Essays shuld be riginal，well-structured，and demnstrate a clear understanding f the theme.（说明参赛要求）
We lk frward t receiving yur insightful cntributins.（盼望）
Best regards， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：We are thrilled t annunce ur upcming English writing cmpetitin whse theme is "A lifestyle f digital minimalism".
译文：我们很高兴地宣布我们即将举办的英语写作比赛，其主题是"数字极简主义的生活方式"。
分析：这句话使用了whse引导的限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：Participants are required t write an essay discussing the cncept f digital minimalism，its impact n daily life，and practical strategies fr implementing it.
译文：参与者被要求写一篇文章，讨论数字极简主义的概念、它对日常生活的影响以及实施它的实际策略。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语discussing the cncept f digital minimalism，its impact n daily life，and practical strategies fr implementing it作定语修饰an essay。
这是一篇提纲类作文。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】Suddenly，they heard the sund f a vehicle frm acrss the river.It was Mike and his father returning frm their fishing trip.Upn seeing Emily and her parents stranded，Mike immediately jumped int actin.He quickly tied a rpe t his truck and threw it acrss the river. "Grab the rpe and we'll pull yu acrss!" shuted Mike's father.With trembling hands，Emily and her parents grasped the rpe and were slwly pulled t the ther side.（Mike和他的父亲捕鱼归来，用绳子将他们拉过河流）
Emily and her parents barded the bat.Mike's father skillfully navigated the bat thrugh the turbulent waters，while Mike prvided cmfrt and reassurance.【高分句型一】As they made their way dwn the muntain，Emily and her parents were filled with gratitude. 【高分句型二】The experience had been unexpectedly challenging，but they had cme ut strnger and with newfund friends.The memry f that day wuld frever be etched in their hearts.（这次经历虽然充满了挑战，但也让他们结识了新的朋友，留下了深刻的记忆）
【解析】Emily和父母周末去山上野餐，想享受自然美景和家庭时光。不料遭遇意外天气，被困山上。幸遇Mike父子，他们用绳子和船将他们救回，让他们得以安全下山。这次经历让他们感激不已，也收获了新朋友。
高分句型一：Mike's father skillfully navigated the bat thrugh the turbulent waters，while Mike prvided cmfrt and reassurance.
翻译：迈克的父亲熟练地驾驶着船穿过汹涌的海水，而迈克则提供了安慰和保证。
分析：本句使用了while引导的比较状语从句。
高分句型二：As they made their way dwn the muntain，Emily and her parents were filled with gratitude.
翻译：当他们下山时，艾米丽和她的父母充满了感激之情。
分析：本句使用了as引导的时间状语从句。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。