2024年湖南省长沙一中高考英语适应性试卷（二）（含详细答案解析）

这是一份2024年湖南省长沙一中高考英语适应性试卷（二）（含详细答案解析），共20页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Irish Writers Centre Nvel Fair 2024
The Nvel Fair is an annual cmpetitin initiated by the Irish Writers Centre（IWC）.Described by The Irish Times as "A Dragns' Cave fr writers"，each year the Fair aims t intrduce up-and-cming writers t tp publishers and literary agents.
The Prize
The twelve winners will have the pprtunity t present the summary f their nvels directly t industry prfessinals.Leading publishers and agents will be invited by the IWC t meet these writers in persn r thrugh a series f nline meetings.T get fully prepared fr the meeting with publishers and agents，the winners will receive a place in a wrkshp n"Hw t Prmte Yur Nvel"，tw weeks in advance.Als，applicants wh are lnglisted（初选）but d nt make it t the shrtlist f twelve will have their wrks evaluated and criticized by the judging panel.
Hw t Enter
Entry fee fr applicatin is £ 55（Members f IWC can enter fr a discunted fee f £ 45）.This cmpetitin nly accepts manuscripts（原稿）fr nvels.Applicants are required t send a summary within 300 wrds and up t five chapters f their nvels，which shuld be 10，000 wrds（+/-10%）.Manuscripts shuld be submitted nline.There is a limit f ne entry per applicant.
Entries are welcme frm anywhere in the wrld.Befre entering the cmpetitin，please ensure that yu have read the Nvel Fair Terms & Cnditins 2024 very carefully as the Fair is pen t nly nvelists wh have never published wrk previusly.If yu have any questins abut the applicatin prcess，please email nvelfair@irishwriterscentre.ie.
1.Why des the IWC hld the Fair？ ______
A. T serve as a platfrm fr writers.
B. T advertise lcal bks.
C. T encurage yung peple.
D. T aruse enthusiasm fr reading.
2.What can the wrkshp help the winners d？ ______
A. Imprve their writing skills.
B. Deal with the judging panel.
C. Learn abut publishing prcess.
D. Present their nvels attractively.
3.Which f the fllwing meets the requirement f the Fair？ ______
A. A nvel published in 2023.B. A summary f 200 wrds.
C. A paper manuscript by pst.D. A submissin f seven chapters.
B
When I was a girl f eight，living in a twn，I used t wrk fr Mrs.White，an elderly lady.She paid me very little fr my wrk，because she didn't have much mney.She did，hwever，prmise t give me a Christmas present.The girls I played with had baseball glves，bicycles and ice skates，and I was s eager t acquire any ne f these.On Christmas mrning，Mrs.White gave me a little package which culd hardly hld anything.I was painfully disappinted but she tld me it was a kind f magic.My disappintment turned int curisity.
With great excitement I pened the package，nly t find a pile f ten sheets f black paper inside，each labeled in clrful letters，Carbn Paper Regal Premium.I didn't knw what it was. "Is it magic？" I asked.My Aunt Karen，wh was a schl teacher，answered， "It really is!" She tk tw pieces f white paper and placed between them ne f the black sheets frm the bx.Then，with a hard pencil，she wrte my name n the upper sheet.Remving it and the Carbn Paper Regal Premium，she handed me the secnd sheet，which her pencil had in n way tuched.There was my name!
I was enthralled. I wrte and wrte，using up whle tablets until the last piece f black paper was used up.It was a game I didn't want t end.I was very happy with my special gift.I can hnestly say that，in that ne mment，I understd as much abut printing，cpying wrds and the mystery f spreading ideas as I have learned in the remaining half-century f my life.
I hpe that this year sme bys and girls will receive，frm thughtful adults wh really lve them，gifts that will shck them.It is such gifts and such experiences — usually csting little r nthing — that transfrm a life and lend it a mtivatin that may cntinue fr decades.
4.Why did Mrs.White prmise t give the girl a Christmas present？ ______
A. She wanted t meet the child's wish.
B. She rewarded the girl fr her gd wrk.
C. She gave gifts t every child in the twn.
D. She wanted t make up fr the lw salary.
5.What d we knw abut Carbn Paper Regal Premium？ ______
A. It is used in schl teaching.
B. It is made by special magicians.
C. It usually cnsists f clrful paper.
D. It can cpy smething written n paper.
6.What des the underlined sentence "I was enthralled." in Paragraph 3 mean？ ______
A. I was addicted t Carbn Paper Regal Premium.
B. I was curius abut Carbn Paper Regal Premium.
C. I was cnfused abut Carbn Paper Regal Premium.
D. I was shcked there was a name n the secnd sheet.
7.What message des the authr seem t cnvey in the text？ ______
A. Children shuld wrk fr thers t get a gift.
B. A gift with lng-term effects is a better chice.
C. Children need t receive a gift that they want.
D. Carbn Paper Regal Premium is a perfect gift.
C
On Christmas Eve，a team f reindeer （驯鹿） will help Santa Claus deliver gifts t children all arund the wrld.The reindeers，led by their fearless leader Rudlph，wn't be the nly nes ding smething special.Back in the highest Arctic，their cusins have a remarkable ability changing their eye clr.
During the summer mnths，when the days are lng and the sun is bright，reindeer's tapetum lucidum （荧光膜），a mirrr-like layer at the back f their eye，appears glden，which helps bunce the majrity f light ff the eyes，effectively acting like a pair f natural sunglasses.As winter cmes，and the days becme shrter and darker，the tapetum lucidum turns blue t absrb mre light，allwing reindeer t imprve their night visin and see clear in lw light cnditins.
With these adaptatins，reindeer can adapt and thrive in ne f the harshest envirnments n Earth.Unlike humans，reindeer can see well int the shrter Ultra Vilet （UV） range.This UV visin enables them t spt fd and predatrs mre effectively in the snwy landscape.Lichens，a key part f their winter diet ，absrb UV，s they shw up dark against UV-reflecting white snw.Wlf and plar bear fur als absrb UV，s instead f disappearing against snw they pp ut in high cntrast，allwing reindeer t spt ptential threats frm a distance.
Reindeer change their eyes by adjusting their tapetum lucidum，which is made f cllagen fibers.In winter，the cllagen fibers becme packed tighter，causing the tapetum lucidum t mainly reflect blue light.This change happens when reindeer dilate their pupils （瞳孔）.In summer，the reindeer's pupils return t a smaller size，which helps reindeer reduce the amunt f light entering the eye.
But their unique adaptatin may hurt them.Tday，the increasing use f artificial lighting，especially during the winter mnths，pses a ptential threat t their sensitive eyes.It can make reindeer lse their way，affecting their ability t survive in their challenging envirnment.S it is crucial fr us t be mindful f ur use f electricity and make effrts t minimize light pllutin t ensure the well-being and survival f these magnificent creatures.
8.What d we knw frm paragraph 2？ ______
A. The shape f reindeer's eyes varies with seasns.
B. It is difficult fr reindeer t live in lw light cnditins.
C. The tapetum lucidum helps reindeer adapt t seasnal changes.
D. Reindeer's eyes appear glden in winter while blue in summer.
9.What is the use f UV visin fr reindeer？ ______
A. T help them see clear in dark nights.
B. T distinguish fd f different clrs quickly.
C. T prtect their eyes frm harsh sunlight in summer.
D. T better lcate fd and enemies during snwy days.
10.What des the underlined wrd "dilate" in paragraph 4 prbably mean？ ______
A. Relax.B. Expand.C. Narrw.D. Hide.
11.What is the purpse f the last paragraph？ ______
A. T call n peple t prtect reindeer frm light pllutin.
B. T shw the reasns fr the decline in reindeer ppulatin.
C. T present humans' great effrts t reduce artificial lighting.
D. T prve reindeer's strng adaptability t harsh envirnments.
D
Ty giant Leg has given up n plans t make its bricks frm recycled bttles，in a blw t its effrts t cut carbn emissins （排放）.The cmpany said in 2021 that it aimed t reduce il-based bricks within tw years.But Mnday's statement said it had fund that using the new material didn't reduce carbn emissins.Leg said it remains fully devted t develping sustainable materials fr bricks.
The ty maker makes abut 4，400 different bricks.Currently，many f them are made using a plastic，ABS，mainly made frm il.The mve，which was first reprted in Financial Times，will be seen as a setback （挫折） after an pen claim by Leg t imprve its sustainability.Like many ther cmpanies，Leg has been explring alternative materials t plastic that will be lasting enugh fr generatins.In 2021，it said it had develped bricks made frm plyethylene terephthalate （PET） bttles，with sme ther chemicals added，t ffer an alternative t il-based bricks.
But Leg has nw discvered that after mre than tw years f testing，it had fund that using recycled PET didn't reduce carbn emissins.It said extra steps were required in the prductin prcess，which meant it needed t use mre energy.It has decided nt t prgress with making bricks frm the material，and nw testing and develping bricks made frm a range f alternative sustainable materials.
Niels B.Christiansen，CEO f Leg，tld the FT that it was hard t find "magic material" t fix the firm's sustainability challenges. "We tested hundreds and hundreds f materials.It's almst nt been pssible t find a material like that，" he said.
A spkespersn fr the cmpany tld the BBC， "We are investing mre than ＄1.2 bn in sustainability mve in the fur years t 2025 as part f ur effrts t turn t mre sustainable materials and reduce ur carbn emissins by 37% by 2032."
12.What material has been Leg trying t replace？ ______
A. ABS.B. PET.C. Oil.D. Carbn.
13.What did Leg find after the tw-year test？ ______
A. It failed t achieve its desired gal.
B. Carbn emissin was under cntrl.
C. Pressure frm cmpetitrs was huge.
D. Added chemicals harm the envirnment.
14.In which part f a newspaper can the text be fund？ ______
A. Entertainment.B. Sprts.C. Ecnmy.D. Educatin.
15.What can be the best title f the passage？ ______
A. A New Annuncement frm Leg
B. Mre Recycling，Mre Pllutin
C. Leg：Drpping Its Lw-impact Act
D. Leg：Firm Green Gal Despite failure
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
The Imprtance f Being Independent
The ability t be independent is smething nt everyne pssesses. （1） ______ And learning t supprt yurself is fundamental fr any success yu ever hpe t achieve.At the end f the day，yu nly have yurself t fall back n，s it's very imprtant t be able t handle things n yur wn.
Peple rely n thers far mre than it is necessary.Peple put their happiness in the hands f a significant persn，thinking this will bring them satisfactin. （2） ______
Shuld yu always be dependent n smene else？Of curse nt. （3） ______ Therefre，yu need t learn hw t make decisins n yur wn.Peple are unable t be independent fr a variety f reasns，with fear being the biggest：the fear f being alne，the fear f rejectin and the fear f the future.
Hwever，there is n reasn t base yur life decisins n relatinships with peple.All relatinships end at sme pint r anther. （4） ______ The nly thing yu can d is alter yur understanding f relatinships.Instead f expecting them t make yu happy by being in yur life and prviding enjyment，appreciate the time spent and enjyment since yu knw it will be gne.
（ 5） ______ Dn' t ask fr advice ，d what yu want and learn frm yur wn mistakes.Many peple are afraid t think fr themselves because that invlves taking respnsibility fr their wn lives.This is just ne way peple becme dependent.We are brn alne and we die alne，s we each have t take respnsibility fr ur lives at every step alng the way.
A.There is nthing yu can d t change r affect that.
B.This is a serius errr t many peple make these days.
C.Make decisins by and fr yurself，whatever they may be.
D.Yu can cntrl yur wn life by making yur wn chices.
E.Hwever，yu need t be independent in rder t survive in the wrld.
F.In any mment f decisin，the best thing yu can d is wait fr the right time.
G.Nt nly are yu limiting yurself，yu are als likely t becme a burden t this persn.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
While enjying my fresh lunch in a restaurant in Amsterdam，I nticed smething dd.Custmers cming in fr smething t eat ignred the persn standing behind the cunter （柜台），preferring t（1） ______ thrugh a smart phne.
What was the crazy thing abut this？They were just several（2） ______ apart!In fact，they were s clse that the staff member tk a quick（3） ______ at his screen t get a head start n picking the right vegetables—all withut any wrds（4） ______ .Nw，I get it：Mdern technlgy allws us t be mre（5） ______ ，but I might be witnessing smething deeper：we prefer nt t talk t each ther anymre.
Think abut it fr a mment.When was the last time yu naturally （6） ______ a cnversatin with smebdy yu didn't knw？The chances are that yu dn't even（7） ______ !Likely either yu r the ther persn was "busy" with ther things like（8） ______ with a smartphne.Nw，with the（9） ______ f digital technlgies，ne can't help but pay the（10） ______ fr mdern efficiency：ur ability t talk t strangers.
We shp，（11） ______ a htel，r rder a taxi，all via an app.（12） ______ with randm strangers is becming rarer and rarer.Yet there are surprising（13） ______ f having even a shrt and simple cnversatin with strangers.Yu might learn smething（14） ______ ，and beynd dubt，it has the pwer t enrich yur understanding f thers and（15） ______ a special bnd in ur mdern wrld.
21.A. talkB. callC. rderD. deliver
22.A. metersB. millimetersC. kilmetersD. centimeters
23.A. chanceB. turnC. lkD. test
24.A. spkenB. writtenC. typedD. mentined
25.A. efficientB. enthusiasticC. effectiveD. energetic
26.A. ended upB. engaged inC. made upD. went n
27.A. hearB. believeC. rememberD. understand
28.A. recrdingB. studyingC. playingD. calculating
29.A. ideaB. aimC. prblemD. rise
30.A. cashB. priceC. debtD. tax
31.A. decrateB. bkC. buildD. repair
32.A. CntactB. WrkC. QuarrelD. Reunin
33.A. interestsB. benefitsC. disadvantagesD. influences
34.A. unrealisticB. unsuitableC. unreasnableD. unexpected
35.A. serves asB. refers tC. accunts frD. cnsists f
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36.Yung Chinese are fighting against sciety thrugh a simple act f resistance：lying dwn.Examples f the "tangping"，r "lying flat"，way f life （1） ______ （ include） nt getting married，nt having children，and refusing t wrk extra hurs r t hld a jb at all. "I stay at hme and sleep and watch televisin series." said Zhang，wh described herself as "lying flat" fr the last tw weeks （2） ______ leaving her jb in the film industry in Wuxi.
"Tangping" （3） ______ （ emerge） ver the last few mnths.Sme cmpare them t the 1950s Beat Generatin in the United States. （4） ______ （ ther） call their behavir a frm f nnvilent resistance. "Peple realize there is n upward mbility，" said Yicheng Wang，a PhD student in plitical science at Bstn University.The term develped after （5） ______ April pst n the Tieba frum，whse authr，unemplyed fr the last tw years，described a lw-effrt，lw-cst lifestyle cnsisting f just a few mnths' wrk ut f the year.
"Lying flat is my mvement，" he （6） ______ （ write），referring t the Greek philspher Digenes，wh was knwn fr living in a large cntainer.He psted a picture f himself lying in bed in the middle f the day with the curtains （7） ______ （ draw）.
But as "tangping" gained （8） ______ （ ppular），it als brught a level f dishnr.Nanfang Daily called the philsphy "shameful".Glbal Times made light f it describing "lying flat" as "nt a serius philsphy".
Fr Zhang in Wuxi，lying flat is nt abut giving up r withdrawing frm sciety. "Many peple want t lie dwn because 996 is t （9） ______ （ tire），" she said，referring t the cnstant hurs cmmn in tech industry，（10） ______ the staff are expected t wrk frm 9 9 p.m.，six days a week.The philsphy is als abut giving neself a break.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。
37.近年来，露营活动逐渐兴起，但也带来了环境和安全等方面的问题。假定你是李华，请以Leave-N-Trace Camping为题目写一封倡议书，号召大家在休闲娱乐的同时爱护环境。
内容包括：
（1）露营造成的问题；
（2）爱护环境的倡议。
注意：
（1）词数80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Leave-N-Trace CampingDear all，
______
Li Hua
February 2，2024
38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
At the beginning f this year，my daughter Helen spent a mnth in the hspital fighting fr her life.Since then，she has had t deal with the disease as well as many side effects.She has met each challenge，disappintment and setback with curage.
With her 16th birthday appraching，Helen dreamt f a party and campfire at the beach with friends，relatives，and her belved dg，Ginger.It tk a while，but I finally fund a gd beach that allwed dgs and campfires and had easy access.Hwever，a week befre her party，Helen's disease wrsened.
Our friend Ian called the night befre the party and turned ur plans upside dwn.The small beach we'd selected and the surrunding beaches wuld hst a 30，000-persn event n the party night and wuld be clsed.It was a disaster because we had researched n ther nearby beach wuld wrk.
Helen had her heart set n having her dg and a campfire at the beach，but as usual，she didn't cmplain.In her yung life，she's dealt with much wrse things than a destryed birthday party.She sat dwn and began t quietly cry.After a while Helen decided she'd rather have the party at ur hme s she culd have her dg and a campfire.We called the invitees with the changed plans.
Hw t design a party at hme with dgs and campfire was a challenge.It ccurred t us that we culd make full use f ur yard.Ian's wife Jayme came first with sme small signs，which read： "Welcme t Campbell Beach，where dgs and campfires are welcme.Where the beach is small and the waves are s far away，yu must clse yur eyes t see them，but nt s the lve fr Helen and her little dg.Happy Birthday，Helen!"
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
An hur later，Ian arrived with a laded truck.________
Helen and her friends culdn't wait t play n the sand.________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、D、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段的Described by The Irish Times as "A Dragns' Cave fr writers"，each year the Fair aims t intrduce up-and-cming writers t tp publishers and literary agents（被《爱尔兰时报》描述为"作家的龙洞"，每年的书展旨在向顶级出版商和文学代理商介绍崭露头角的作家），可知IWC举办这个博览会是为了给作家提供一个平台，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第段的T get fully prepared fr the meeting with publishers and agents，the winners will receive a place in a wrkshp n"Hw t Prmte Yur Nvel"，tw weeks in advanc（为了充分准备与出版商和代理商的会面，获奖者将提前两周获得参加"如何推广你的小说"研讨会的机会），可知研讨会可以帮助获奖者有吸引人地展示他们的小说，故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据Hw t Enter部分的Applicants are required t send a summary within 300 wrds and up t five chapters f their nvels，which shuld be 10，000 wrds（+/-10%）（申请人必须提交一篇300字以内的摘要，最多五章，字数为10，000字，字数上下有10%的浮动），可知B项"有200字的摘要"符合博览会要求，故选B。
这是一篇应用文，介绍了爱尔兰作家中心举办的2024年一年一度的小说展比赛的相信息。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】D、D、A、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段She paid me very little fr my wrk，because she didn't have much mney.She did，hwever，prmise t give me a Christmas present.（她给我的工资很少，因为她没有多少钱。然而，她答应给我一份圣诞礼物）可知，怀特太太答应给那个女孩一份圣诞礼物是因为她想弥补低工资。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段She tk tw pieces f white paper and placed between them ne f the black sheets frm the bx.Then，with a hard pencil，she wrte my name n the upper sheet.Remving it and the Carbn Paper Regal Premium，she handed me the secnd sheet，which her pencil had in n way tuched.There was my name!（她拿起两张白纸，从盒子里拿出一张黑布放在它们中间。然后，她用一支硬铅笔把我的名字写在上面那张纸上。她取下那张纸和那张皇家高级复写纸，递给我第二张纸，她的铅笔根本没碰过那张纸。上面却有我的名字！）可知，Carbn Paper Regal Premium可以复制写在纸上的东西。故选D。
（3）词句猜测题。根据划线词后文I wrte and wrte，using up whle tablets until the last piece f black paper was used up.It was a game I didn't want t end.（我写啊写，把整张纸都用完了，直到最后一张黑纸都用完了）可知，作者一直把Carbn Paper Regal Premium都写完了，说明作者对Carbn Paper Regal Premium着迷了。故划线句意思是"我对Carbn Paper Regal Premium着迷了"。A．I was addicted t Carbn Paper Regal Premium.我对Carbn Paper Regal Premium着迷了；B．I was curius abut Carbn Paper Regal Premium.我对Carbn Paper Regal Premium很好奇；C．I was cnfused abut Carbn Paper Regal Premium.我对Carbn Paper Regal Premium感到困惑；D．I was shcked there was a name n the secnd sheet.我很震惊第二张纸上有一个名字。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段It is such gifts and such experiences — usually csting little r nthing — that transfrm a life and lend it a mtivatin that may cntinue fr decades.（正是这样的礼物和经历——通常花费很少或根本不花——改变了一个人的生活，并赋予它一种可能持续几十年的动力）可推知，作者想要表达的信息是：有长期效果的礼物是更好的选择。故选B。
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者八岁时得到了怀特太太送的复写纸作为礼物，作者对这种东西非常着迷，并从中学到了印刷、复制文字和传播思想的奥秘。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】C、D、B、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段During the summer mnths，when the days are lng and the sun is bright，reindeer's tapetum lucidum （荧光膜），a mirrr-like layer at the back f their eye，appears glden，which helps bunce the majrity f light ff the eyes，effectively acting like a pair f natural sunglasses.As winter cmes，and the days becme shrter and darker，the tapetum lucidum turns blue t absrb mre light，allwing reindeer t imprve their night visin and see clear in lw light cnditins. （在夏季的几个月里，白天变长，阳光充足，驯鹿眼睛后部的镜面状的荧光膜呈现出金色，有助于反射眼睛上的大部分光线，有效地起到一副天然太阳镜的作用。随着冬天的到来，白天变短变暗，荧光膜变成蓝色以吸收更多的光线，这使得驯鹿能够提高他们的夜视能力，在弱光条件下也能看得更清楚）可知，荧光膜帮助驯鹿适应季节变化。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中This UV visin enables them t spt fd and predatrs mre effectively in the snwy landscape. （这种紫外线视觉使它们能够在雪地里更有效地发现食物和捕食者）可知，紫外线视觉让驯鹿在雪天更好地定位食物和天敌。故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第四段In winter，the cllagen fibers becme packed tighter，causing the tapetum lucidum t mainly reflect blue light.This change happens when reindeer dilate their pupils （瞳孔）.In summer，the reindeer's pupils return t a smaller size，which helps reindeer reduce the amunt f light entering the eye.（在冬天，胶原纤维变得更紧，导致荧光膜主要反射蓝光。在夏天，驯鹿的瞳孔会变小，这有助于驯鹿减少进入眼睛的光线量）可知，冬天瞳孔会变大，增加进入眼睛的光线量，dilate意思应该是"扩大"，与expand意思相近。A．Relax放松；B．Expand扩大；C．Narrw缩小；D．Hide躲藏。故选B。
（4）写作意图题。根据最后一段中Tday，the increasing use f artificial lighting，especially during the winter mnths，pses a ptential threat t their sensitive eyes.It can make reindeer lse their way，affecting their ability t survive in their challenging envirnment.S it is crucial fr us t be mindful f ur use f electricity and make effrts t minimize light pllutin t ensure the well-being and survival f these magnificent creatures. （如今，人工照明的使用越来越多，尤其是在冬季，这对它们敏感的眼睛构成了潜在的威胁。它会使驯鹿迷失方向，影响它们在恶劣环境中的生存能力。因此，对我们来说至关重要的是要注意我们的用电，努力减少光污染，以确保这些出色生物的健康和生存）可推知，本段主要呼吁我们保护驯鹿免受光污染。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北极驯鹿的眼睛会随着季节变化而改变颜色，从而适应环境中的光线量，而且它们拥有紫外线视觉，能够在雪地中更好地发现食物和天敌，但是人工照明的使用对驯鹿敏感的眼睛构成了潜在的威胁，我们应当保护驯鹿免受光污染。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
12~15.【答案】A、A、C、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段The ty maker makes abut 4，400 different bricks.Currently，many f them are made using a plastic，ABS，mainly made frm il. （这家玩具制造商生产大约4400种不同的积木。目前，它们中的许多都是用一种主要由石油制成的塑料ABS制成的。）可知，乐高一直试图取代由石油制成的塑料ABS。故选A项。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段But Leg has nw discvered that after mre than tw years f testing，it had fund that using recycled PET didn't reduce carbn emissins. （但乐高现在发现，经过两年多的测试，它发现使用回收PET并不能减少碳排放。）可知，经过两年的测试，乐高发现，PET未能达到预期的目标。故选A项。
（3）文章出处题。根据第一段Ty giant Leg has given up n plans t make its bricks frm recycled bttles，in a blw t its effrts t cut carbn emissins （排放）.The cmpany said in 2021 that it aimed t reduce il-based bricks within tw years.But Mnday's statement said it had fund that using the new material didn't reduce carbn emissins.Leg said it remains fully devted t develping sustainable materials fr bricks. （玩具巨头乐高（Leg）放弃了用回收瓶子制造积木的计划，这对其减少碳排放的努力造成了打击。该公司在2021年表示，其目标是在两年内减少油基积木的使用。但周一的声明说，它发现使用这种新材料并没有减少碳排放。乐高表示，该公司仍将全力致力于开发可持续的积木材料。）可知，本文主要报道了乐高公司的动态，所以应来自报纸的经济板块。故选C项。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段Ty giant Leg has given up n plans t make its bricks frm recycled bttles，in a blw t its effrts t cut carbn emissins （排放）.The cmpany said in 2021 that it aimed t reduce il-based bricks within tw years.But Mnday's statement said it had fund that using the new material didn't reduce carbn emissins.Leg said it remains fully devted t develping sustainable materials fr bricks. （玩具巨头乐高（Leg）放弃了用回收瓶子制造积木的计划，这对其减少碳排放的努力造成了打击。该公司在2021年表示，其目标是在两年内减少油基积木的使用。但周一的声明说，它发现使用这种新材料并没有减少碳排放。乐高表示，该公司仍将全力致力于开发可持续的积木材料。）纵观可知，本文介绍了乐高公司放弃使用回收塑料瓶制造积木的计划，并探讨了该公司面临的可持续发展挑战，所以D项"Leg：Firm Green Gal Despite failure （乐高：尽管失败，但坚定的绿色目标）"是本文最好的标题。故选D项。
本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了乐高公司放弃使用回收塑料瓶制造积木的计划，并探讨了该公司面临的可持续发展挑战。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
16~20.【答案】E、B、G、A、C
【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据空前The ability t be independent is smething nt everyne pssesses.（独立的能力不是每个人都具备的）可知，不是每个人都具备独立的能力。可知选项E"然而，为了在这个世界上生存，你需要独立"与上文存在转折关系，指的是虽然不是每个人都具备独立的能力，但是我们必须独立才能生存。故选E。
（2）联系上文题。根据空前Peple rely n thers far mre than it is necessary.Peple put their happiness in the hands f a significant persn，thinking this will bring them satisfactin（人们对别人的依赖远远超过了必要的程度。人们把自己的幸福交到重要的人手里，以为这会给他们带来满足）可知，选项B"这是现在很多人犯的严重错误"是上文内容的总结，指出人们总是过度依赖他人，这是错误的。故选B。
（3）联系上文题。根据空前Shuld yu always be dependent n smene else？Of curse nt（你应该一直依赖别人吗？当然不是）可知，我们不应该总是依赖别人。所以选项G"你不仅限制了自己，还可能成为对方的负担"是上文内容的自然延续，指的是如果我们总是依赖别人，我们不但限制了自己还可能成为对方的负担。故选G。
（4）语境衔接题。根据空前Hwever，there is n reasn t base yur life decisins n relatinships with peple.All relatinships end at sme pint r anther（然而，没有理由把你的人生决定建立在与人的关系上。所有的关系都有结束的时候）可知，所有的关系都有结束的时候；而根据下文The nly thing yu can d is alter yur understanding f relatinships（你唯一能做的就是改变你对人际关系的理解）可知，对于"所有的关系都有结束的时候"这件事，我们是无法改变的。所以选项A"你无法改变或影响这一点"承上启下，承接上文说明我们无法改变这一点，引出下文，我们只有改变自己对人际关系的理解。故选A。
（5）主题判断题。根据下文Dn' t ask fr advice ，d what yu want and learn frm yur wn mistakes.Many peple are afraid t think fr themselves because that invlves taking respnsibility fr their wn lives.This is just ne way peple becme dependent.We are brn alne and we die alne，s we each have t take respnsibility fr ur lives at every step alng the way（不要寻求建议，做你想做的，从自己的错误中吸取教训。许多人害怕独立思考，因为这涉及到为自己的生活负责。这只是人们变得依赖的一种方式。我们孤独地出生，孤独地死去，所以我们每个人都必须为自己生命中的每一步负责）可知，在本段中，作者建议我们做自己想做的，为自己的每一步负责。所以选项C"自己做决定，不管决定是什么"与本段内容相符，指出对于自己的人生，我们应该做出自己的决定，可以作为本段的主题句。故选C。
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕"独立"的重要性进行论述，阐述了独立对于个人成长和成功的重要性。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】C、D、C、A、A、B、C、C、D、B、B、A、B、D、A
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.talk谈话；B.call呼叫；C.rder预定；D.deliver传送。句意：来吃东西的顾客忽略了站在柜台后面的人，他们更喜欢通过智能手机点餐。根据下文"thrugh a smart phne"可知，在餐馆中顾客是通过智能手机点餐。故选C项。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.meters米；B.millimeters毫米；C.kilmeters千米；D.centimeters厘米。句意：他们只相距几厘米！根据下文"they were s clse that the staff member tk a quick（3）at his screen t get a head start n picking the right vegetables"可知，工作人员能看到顾客的手机屏幕，故他们相距只有几厘米远。故选D项。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.chance机会；B.turn转动；C.lk看；D.test测验。句意：事实上，他们离得太近了，以至于工作人员快速看了一眼屏幕，就可以抢先一步挑选合适的蔬菜——所有这些都没有说话。根据上文"they were s clse"及下文"at his screen"可知，工作人员可以看到顾客的手机屏幕。故选C项。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.spken说；B.written写；C.typed打字；D.mentined提到。句意：事实上，他们离得太近了，以至于工作人员快速看了一眼屏幕，就可以抢先一步挑选合适的蔬菜——所有这些都没有说话。根据下文"we prefer nt t talk t each ther anymre."可知，这一切是在一句话也没有说的情况下进行的。故选A项。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.efficient高效的；B.enthusiastic热情的；C.effective有效的；D.energetic精力充沛的。句意：现在，我明白了：现代技术让我们更有效率，但我可能看到了更深层次的东西：我们更喜欢不再与人交谈。根据下文"ne can't help but pay the（10）fr mdern efficiency"可知，现代技术使我们更加高效。故选A项。
（6）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.ended up最终；B.engaged in从事，参与；C.made up组成；D.went n继续。句意：你上一次自然地与一个你不认识的人交谈是什么时候？根据上文"we prefer nt t talk t each ther anymre."可知，这里是说上一次和陌生人进行交谈的时候。故选B项。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.hear听；B.believe相信；C.remember记得；D.understand理解。句意：很可能你都不记得了！根据上文"When was the last time"可知，这里是指你不记得上次和陌生人说话是什么时候了。故选C项。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.recrding录音；B.studying研究；C.playing玩；D.calculating计算。句意：很可能你或对方都在忙于其他事情，比如玩智能手机。根据上文"busy"和下文的"with a smartphne"可知，人们在忙着玩手机。故选C项。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.idea想法；B.aim目标；C.prblem问题；D.rise兴起，提高。句意：现在，随着数字技术的兴起，人们不禁要为现代效率付出代价：我们与陌生人交谈的能力。根据下文"mdern efficiency"可知，正是随着数字技术的兴起，人们的现代效率得以提高。故选D项。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.cash现金；B.price代价；C.debt债务；D.tax税。句意：现在，随着数字技术的兴起，人们不禁要为现代效率付出代价：我们与陌生人交谈的能力。pay the price fr"为……付出代价"为固定短语。故选B项。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.decrate装饰；B.bk预定；C.build构建；D.repair修理。句意：我们通过应用程序购物、预订酒店或叫出租车。根据下文"all via an app"可知，我们通过应用程序预订酒店。故选B项。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.Cntact接触；B.Wrk工作；C.Quarrel争吵；D.Reunin重聚。句意：与随意的陌生人接触越来越少。根据上文"We shp，（11）a htel，r rder a taxi，all via an app."可知，人们通过手机完成生活中的各种事情，故和陌生人的接触少了。故选A项。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.interests利益；B.benefits好处；C.disadvantages缺点；D.influences影响。句意：然而，与陌生人进行简短的交谈也有令人惊奇的好处。根据下文"Yu might learn smething（14），and beynd dubt，it has the pwer t enrich yur understanding f thers and（15）a special bnd in ur mdern wrld."可知，和陌生人交谈有很多好处。故选B项。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.unrealistic不切实际；B.unsuitable不合适的；C.unreasnable不合理的；D.unexpected想不到的。句意：你可能会学到一些意想不到的东西，毫无疑问，它有力量丰富你对他人的理解，并在我们的现代世界中成为一种特殊的纽带。根据上文"having even a shrt and simple cnversatin with strangers"可知，和陌生人交谈可能让你学到意想不到的东西。故选D项。
（15）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.serves as充当；B.refers t指的是；C.accunts fr导致；D.cnsists f由组成。句意：你可能会学到一些意想不到的东西，毫无疑问，它有力量丰富你对他人的理解，并在我们的现代世界中成为一种特殊的纽带。根据下文"a special bnd in ur mdern wrld"可知，和陌生人交谈可以担当现代生活中的纽带。故选A项。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了随着数字技术的兴起，人们通过手机来完成生活中的各种事情，从而失去了和陌生人说话的能力。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
36.【答案】【小题1】include
【小题2】after
【小题3】has emerged
【小题4】Others
【小题5】an
【小题6】wrte
【小题7】drawn
【小题8】ppularity
【小题9】tiring
【小题10】where
【解析】（1）include.考查时态和主谓一致。句意："躺平"生活方式的例子包括不结婚、不生孩子、拒绝加班或根本不工作。include做谓语动词，陈述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Examples复数，谓语复数形式。故填include。
（2）after.考查介词。句意："我呆在家里睡觉，看电视连续剧。"张女士说，她辞去无锡电影业的工作之后，两周都处于"躺平"状态。介词after （在……之后）符合句意。故填after。
（3）has emerged.考查时态和主谓一致。句意："躺平"在过去几个月出现了。emerge做谓语动词，由时间状语ver the last few mnths可知用现在完成时，主动语态，主语"Tangping"单数，谓语单数形式。故填has emerged。
（4）Others.考查代词。句意：其他人称他们的行为是非暴力抵抗的一种形式。（一些人……另一些人……），首字母大写。故填Others。
（5）an.考查不定冠词。句意：这个词是在4月份贴吧论坛上的一篇帖子后发展而来的，该文章的作者在过去两年中失业，描述了一种低努力、低成本、一年中只有几个月的工作的生活方式。此处泛指"一篇4月份的帖子"，April以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。
（6）wrte.考查时态。句意："躺平是我的运动，"他写道，提及以睡在大箱子里而闻名的希腊哲学家第欧根尼。事情发生在过去，谓语动词write用一般过去时。故填wrte。
（7）drawn.考查过去分词。句意：他贴了一张自己中午拉着窗帘躺在床上的照片。with复合结构，逻辑主语the curtains和非谓语动词draw是被动关系，draw用过去分词做宾补。故填drawn。
（8）ppularity.考查不可数名词。句意：但随着"躺平"越来越受欢迎，它也带来了一定程度的耻辱。抽象名词ppularity做宾语。故填ppularity。
（9）tiring.考查形容词。句意：她说，"很多人想躺平，因为996太累了"，996指的是科技行业中常见的固定工作时间，员工每周工作六天，从早上9点到晚上9点。主语996是物，用修饰形容物的-ing形容词tiring作表语。故填tiring。
（10）where.考查定语从句。句意：她说，"很多人想躺平，因为996太累了"，996指的是科技行业中常见的固定工作时间，员工每周工作六天，从早上9点到晚上9点。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是tech industry，在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种社会现象——中国年轻人通过"躺平"的生活方式对抗生活压力。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】Leave-N-Trace CampingDear all，
In recent years，camping has becme increasingly ppular as a recreatinal activity.Hwever，it has brught abut varius envirnmental and safety issues.Imprper dispsal f trash pllutes the envirnment and harms wildlife.Additinally，campfires that are nt prperly extinguished can lead t wildfires and devastate ecsystems.【高分句型一】（露营造成的问题）
I prpse the fllwing initiatives that can address these prblems and prmte envirnmental cnservatin.【高分句型二】Firstly，let's make a cnscius effrt t pack ut everything we bring in and prperly dispse f garbage in waste bins.Secndly，t be cautius，ensuring campfires cmpletely extinguished befre leaving the site.In additin，yu're merciful t avid disturbing animals' habitats，and stay n appinted trails t minimize any ptential damage t fragile vegetatin.Let us jin hands in preserving envirnment while enjying urselves utdrs.（爱护环境的倡议）
Li Hua February 2，2024
【解析】高分句型一：Additinally，campfires that are nt prperly extinguished can lead t wildfires and devastate ecsystems.
翻译：此外，没有适当扑灭的营火可能导致野火并破坏生态系统。
分析：本句运用了that引导的限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：I prpse the fllwing initiatives that can address these prblems and prmte envirnmental cnservatin.
翻译：我建议采取以下措施来解决这些问题，促进环境保护。
分析：本句运用了that引导的限制性定语从句。
写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步：拟定提纲；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。
第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇。
38.【答案】An hur later，Ian arrived with a laded truck.Hardly had Ian arrived when we began t unlad frm the truck，which was filled with plenty f sand，palm trees，beach tys，trches，and ther necessities fr the party.【高分句型一】I was verwhelmed with a mixture f surprise and gratitude.We tried ur best t set everything up in the yard，small signs hanging.Small as the beach was，Helen culdn't cntain her jy and excitement.With all the things arranged well，the guests arrived.（作者和朋友一起把院子布置成海滩的样子，并准备篝火晚会）
Helen and her friends culdn't wait t play n the sand.Nt nly did they build their sand castles，but they als lit trches and enjyed the cmpany f the campfire. 【高分句型二】With the dg barking happily，the children heartily laughed and played n the "beach" arund the campfire.When the birthday cake was ready，all the friends sang sngs tgether t express their blessings t Helen.The birthday girl was very happy.It was the "beach" built with s much lve that made her blessed with an unfrgettable birthday.（篝火晚会的过程）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者女儿Helen因为疾病饱受折磨，当她16岁生日来临时，她希望能在海滩带着她的狗举办篝火晚会，但是事与愿违，最后作者决定在自家院子举办篝火晚会，在朋友们的帮助，完成了女儿Helen的愿望。
高分句型一：Hardly had Ian arrived when we began t unlad frm the truck，which was filled with plenty f sand，palm trees，beach tys，trches，and ther necessities fr the party.
分析：本句话使用了部分倒装和which引导的非限制性定语从句。
翻译：伊恩刚到，我们就开始从卡车上卸货，车上装满了沙子、棕榈树、沙滩玩具、火把和其他聚会必需品。
高分句型二：Nt nly did they build their sand castles，but they als lit trches and enjyed the cmpany f the campfire.
分析：本句话使用了nt als连接两个句子，第一个句子用部分倒装。
翻译：他们不仅建造沙堡，还点燃火把，享受营火的陪伴。
考查读后续写。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合文章内容以及所给的句子，按照作者的行文思路以及文章主旨内容进行续写。