2024年重庆市涪陵五中高考英语第一次适应性试卷（含详细答案解析）

这是一份2024年重庆市涪陵五中高考英语第一次适应性试卷（含详细答案解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Traey Andersn
Gwyneth Paltrw and Victria Beckham are fans f the Tracy Andersn Methd，which invlves dance-based classes using bdy resistance and very light hand weights.Her nline prgramme includes a new weekly wrkut，as well as access t existing classes，her digital magazine and meal planning guides.It's at £69 per mnth，but yu get a discunt fr annual
Rar
The singer Ellie Gulding and the fashin designer Henry Hlland are said t be fans f Rar's daily live classes，which include the Overdrive-a high energy weights-based wrkut fcusing n upper-bdy strengthening and cardivascular fitness.Their funder，the three times Olympian speed skater Sarah Lindsay，has als trained the bradcaster Piers Mrgan and the DJ Nick Grimshaw.There's a 14-day free trial，then membership starts at £12.50 per mnth with live daily wrkuts and unlimited access t the library.rar-fitness.cm
Centr
The Thr actr Chris Hemswrth and his persnal trainer Luke Zcchi launched the Centr app in 2019.It features 20 and 40-minute sessin s f HIIT，Pilates，yga，bxing and guided meditatin，plus recipe ideas，a meal planner and stress and well being supprt.It's ffering a free seven-day trial，and starts frm £7.83
Get It Dne
The frmer prfessinal ftballer and celebrity trainer Bradley Simmnds launched his platfrm，Get It Dne，in 2020.The app includes daily live streamed and n-demand classes featuring yga，cre fitness and strength.Frm £22 per
1.What d Tracy Andersn and Centr have in cmmn？ ______
A. Dance-based classes.B. Special magazines.
C. Meal planning guides.D. A free trial perid.
2.Which can prbably ffer ne-n-ne classes？ ______
A. Tracy Andersn.B. Rar.C. Centr.D. Get It Dne.
3.Wh is the text intended fr？ ______
A. Prfessinal athletes.B. Fitness enthusiasts.
C. Famus celebrities.D. Persnal trainers.
B
In a remte muntainus regin in Pakistan，a cable car carrying six children and tw adults became stuck in mid-air.Hwever，this terrifying incident resulted in a remarkable display f bravery and intelligence as rdinary bystanders stepped up t save lives.
The incident began like any ther day when the small grup started their typical daily jurney t schl and the lcal shps abard the shaky three cables brke，causing it t be suspended in the air.
Immediately，multiple rescue effrts were set int mtin.The rescue missin lasted fr ver 10 hurs.Military helicpters and lcal experts attempted t rescue the stuck car.Hwever，the cmplex terrain（地形） and the cable car's unsafe psitin made prgress slw.By nightfall，the helicpter team had nly rescued ne child frm the car.
The lcal administratin called upn tw lcal brthers，Sahib and Nasir，fr their expert skill in perating temprary cable cars in the regin.With limited resurces available，the Khan brthers thught up a clever idea t reach the stuck cable car.They cnstructed a small temprary car using a zip line，allwing them t mve ver the risky terrain and apprach the hanging cable car.
Nasir remained n the grund，assisting with the pulley （滑轮） system.Sahib bravely barded the temprary car and started a dangerus jurney t ward the stuck children.Once he reached the hanging car，Sahib carefully tied a rpe arund the children in the car.Making several trips，he secured the children and carried them acrss ne at a time.He successfully transprted tw children t safety in this fashin.
With Sahib's curageus effrts paving the way，lcal rescuers tk ver，using the same methd t bring the remaining three children and the tw adults back t safety.This heric rescue missin is a pwerful reminder that when peple wrk tgether with a cmmn gal in mind，they can brainstrm，even in the face f challenges that seemingly can't be tackled successfully.
4.What happened when a cable car was n its daily rutine jurney？ ______ ​
A. It stpped halfway due t a pwer failure.
B. A grup f visitrs were trapped in it.
C. Brken cables left it hanging in the sky.
D. It crashed int the deep valley belw.
5.What prevented the prgress f the rescue peratin？ ______ ​
A. Injured individuals.B. Difficult land features.
C. Pr cmmunicatin.D. Severe weather cnditins.
6.What is the fifth paragraph f the text mainly abut？ ______ ​
A. The dangerus situatin in the stuck car.
B. The risk f saving the trapped children.
C. The wrking principle f the rescue car.
D. The rescue effrts by the tw brthers.
7.Which f the fllwing best summarizes the rescue missin？ ______ ​
A. Bravery never ges ut f fashin.id.
B. A wise man makes his wn decisins.
C. Many hands make light wrk.
D. Nthing is impssible t a willing heart.
C
In the endless sky，the unaided human eye shuld be able t perceive several thusand stars n a clear，dark night.Unfrtunately，grwing light pllutin has impeded peple frm the nightly view.
New citizen-science-based research thrws alarming light n the prblem f "sky glw"-the diffuse illuminatin （漫射照明） f the night sky that is a frm f light pllutin.The data came frm crwd-surced bservatins cllected frm arund the wrld as part f Glbe at Night，a prgram develped by astrnmer Cnnie Walker.
Light pllutin has harmful effects n the practice f astrnmy but als n human health and wildlife，since it disturbs the cycle frm sunlight t starlight that bilgical systems have evlved alngside.Furthermre，the lss f visible stars is a great lss f human cultural heritage.Until relatively recently，humans thrughut histry had an impressive view f the starry night sky，and the effect f this nighty spectacle （壮观） is evident in ancient cultures.
Glbe at Night has been gathering data n star visibility since 2006.Anyne can submit bservatins thrugh the Glbe at Night web applicatin.Participants recrd which ne best matches what they can see in the sky withut any telescpes r ther instruments.
Researchers find that the lss f visible stars indicates an increase in sky brightness f 9.6% per year while rughly 2% is measured by satellites.Existing satellites are nt well suited t measuring sky glw as it appears t humans，because they can nt detect wavelengths shrter than 500 nanmeters （纳米）.White LEDs，with shrter wavelengths under 500 nanmeters，nw are increasingly cmmnly used in utdr lighting.But human eyes are mre sensitive t these shrter wavelengths at nighttime.Space-based instruments d nt measure light frm windws，either.But these surces are significant cntributrs t sky glw us seen frm the grund.
"The increase in sky glw ver the past decade underlines the imprtance f redubling ur effrts and develping new strategies t prtect dark skies，" said Walker. "The Glbe at Night dataset is necessary in ur nging evaluatin f changes in sky glw，and we encurage whever can t get invlved t help prtect the starry night sky."
8.What des the underlined wrd "impeded" in the first paragraph mean？ ______ ​
A. separated.B. disabled.C. demanded.D. prtected.
9.What des the lss f visible stars lead t？ ______ ​
A. Prer human health.
B. Fewer wildlife species.
C. Mre delicate bilgical systems.
D. Less nightly culture elements f the sky.
10.What des the authr stress in paragraph 5？ ______ ​
A. Crwd surced data are invaluable.
B. Shrter wavelengths are hard t detect.
C. Satellites play a vital rle.
D. White LEDs are widely used.
11.What can be inferred frm Walker's wrds？ ______ ​
A. Their cnsistent effrts pay ff.
B. The dataset needs t be updated.
C. The sky glw has been ver-emphasized.
D. Mre participants are expected t jin in.
D
Cnsumptin f ultra-prcessed fds （UPFs） has increased ver the past 20 years.UPFs cntain few r n whle fds，are industrially prduced，are ready-t-eat r ready-t-heat，and include additives.The ultra-prcessing f fd lessens its nutritinal value.It has been knwn that higher UPF cnsumptin is assciated with verweight and heart disease.Nw，research has been extended t examine its impact n mental health.
In a new study，ver 72，000 participants wh were at least 55 years ld and didn't have dementia （痴呆） at the start f the study were fllwed fr an average f 10 years，during which they filled ut questinnaires regarding their diet.By the end f the study，518 peple were diagnsed （诊断） with dementia.After adjusting fr ther factrs that culd affect risk f dementia such as age，gender，and heart disease，researchers fund every 10 percent increase in daily intake f UPFs was assciated with a 25 percent higher risk f dementia.They als fund replacing 10 percent f UPFs with unprcessed r minimally prcessed fds was assciated with a 19 percent lwer risk f dementia.
In anther study，researchers fund individuals wh cnsumed the mst UPFs had statistically significant increases in the symptms （症状） f mild depressin， "mentally unhealthy days"，and "anxius days".Eric Hecht，Funder and Executive Directr f the Institute f Etilgical Research，said， "Mre than 70 percent f packaged fds in the US are classified as UPFs and represent abut 60 percent f all calries cnsumed by Americans.Given the degree f expsure t and effects f UPF cnsumptin，this study has great significance in clinical practice and public health.It might help imprve future develpment f dietary guidelines."
Facing such alarming data，maybe it's time fr Americans t recnsider their fd ptins.Researchers recmmend taxes n UPFs and carrying ut plicies t reduce the cnsumptin.They als supprt prgrams and plicies t increase the availability and affrdability f whle fds，especially amng disadvantaged ppulatins.
12.What d we knw abut UPFs？ ______
A. They have n nutritinal value.
B. They are ready-made and instant fds.
C. They are cheap and mass-prduced.
D. They serve as additins t ur daily diets.
13.What's Eric Hecht's attitude tward the new study？ ______
A. Psitive.B. Dubtful.C. Mixed.D. Cnservative.
14.What d researchers suggest ding？ ______
A. Cllecting higher taxes n UPFs.
B. Decreasing UPFs' share in diet.
C. Fcusing n the nutrient cntent f fds.
D. Increasing public awareness f whle fds.
15.Which can be a suitable title fr the text？ ______
A. Public Health Respnse t UPFs
B. Physical Disrders Linked t UPFs
C. Rising Cnsumptin f UPFs in the US
D. Negative Effects f UPFs n Mental Health
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
D yu think yu need t shut at yurself t frce yurself t finish yur hmewrk？If s，think again. （1） ______ Research shws that practicing self-cmpassin （自我关怀） imprves ur mental and physical well-being and supprts lng-term success.
Self-cmpassin is the practice f being kind and supprtive t urselves.The ppsite is being self-critical and mean t urselves when we make a mistake. （2） ______ These negative respnses are related t depressin，stress and reduced quality f life.
A 2017 study fund peple wh practice self-cmpassin tend t handle stress better.Their bdies have less f a stress respnse when，fr example，they meet with difficulties at wrk r schl. （3） ______ Let's say they d prly n a gemetry test.Self-cmpassin helps them use the experience t make changes ging frward，like seeking ut a math tutr.
（ 4） ______ We can start with mindfulness.First f all，practice bserving ur thughts — are they understanding r critical？Dn't judge urselves t severely then.Rather than getting caught up in hw we culd have dne better，frgive urselves and think abut what t change while remaining respectful，and lving t urselves.（5） ______ We can read a nvel，play a musical instrument r kick arund a sccer ball with friends.
With practice，we can learn t treat urselves with kindness and uncnditinal lve — nt tugh lve.
A.S hw d we develp self-cmpassin？
B.It may be mre effective t be kind t yurself.
C.It includes letting g f yur strict self-criticism.
D.Mindfulness is the key t practicing self-cmpassin.
E.But this apprach des nt make us feel r perfrm better.
F.They have mre cnfidence t lk fr areas where they can imprve.
G.Als，shw urselves kindness in ways that nurish （滋养） ur spirit and bdy.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
Nt lng ag，I was at a grcery stre，and an elderly man in frnt f me was using a Supplemental Nutritin Assistance Prgram card-what we used t call fd stamps（食物券）.The card reader kept （1） ______ his payment.He'd bviusly gne ver his （2） ______ fr the mnth.He was cnfused abut hw it'd happened and mre than （3） ______ abut the situatin.
While I was wndering whether the man wuld be displeased r （4） ______ if I stepped in and ffered t pay the difference （差额），the yung cashier said， "Sir，this happens all the time.It's nt a prblem.I prmise we can （5） ______ a slutin tgether."
The line behind us was grwing lng，but the cashier didn't shw any （6） ______ r anger.He cnfirmed the man was ver his limit fr the mnth but wasn't ver by much，s he helped the custmer （7） ______ which items he culd make d withut fr the time being.Then he tld his ld custmer that this was a cmmn （8） ______ and nt a prblem at all.The elderly man left with his dignity （9） ______ .He wuld （10） ______ have a sense f lyalty t that grcery-stre chain.
When it was my turn，I tk nte f the cashier's name n his name tag.Arriving hme，I sent an email t the manager f the stre t （11） ______ the emplyee fr his kindness and custmer service.Sn，I received a reply with thanks frm the manager，letting me knw that my remarks wuld be （12） ______ in the emplyee's file and nted each time he was up fr a （13） ______ .
In the same way as his act f kindness brightened the life f the elderly man wh was （14） ______ that day，I hpe my act f kindness culd have a（n）（15） ______ influence n that cashier's career.
21.A. delayingB. decliningC. searchingD. repeating
22.A. expectatinB. demandC. limitD. requirement
23.A. embarrassedB. delightedC. excitedD. frightened
24.A. prudB. gratefulC. curiusD. peaceful
25.A. turn utB. make utC. wrk utD. carry ut
26.A. impatienceB. disbeliefC. disappintmentD. depressin
27.A. shareB. deliverC. rememberD. determine
28.A. cmplaintB. ccurrenceC. excuseD. dilemma
29.A. discveredB. increasedC. verlkedD. preserved
30.A. undubtedlyB. impssiblyC. cincidentallyD. hesitantly
31.A. recmmendB. frgiveC. cmplimentD. cmment
32.A. includedB. fldedC. measuredD. excluded
33.A. regulatinB. negtiatinC. investigatinD. prmtin
34.A. defendingB. strugglingC. cmpetingD. starving
35.A. impressiveB. attractiveC. psitiveD. decisive
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The art f seal engraving（篆刻） is a fundatin f China's fine arts.It has been（1） ______ inseparable part f classic Chinese art.In September 2009，China's seal engraving art（2） ______ （ add） t the list f UNESCO's items f intangible cultural heritage.
Seal engraving art，（3） ______ （date） back t the Shang Dynasty，has a histry f mre than 3，000 years.The art frm develped rapidly during the Qin dynasty（4） ______ peple engraved their names n utensils（器具） and in dcuments t claim wnership.
Sn after Qinshihuang unified China，he rdered craftsmen t use jade t make an imperial seal called "Xi".Nt until the Ming Dynasty did artists and schlars begin using seals engraved with their names（5） ______ （ mark） the wnership f their calligraphies and paintings.
In 1904，Xiling Seal Engravers' Sciety was funded with the（6） ______ （cmbine） effrts f seal artists frm different schls and places（7） ______ it was the first f its kind in China.
Tday seals are still（8） ______ wide use in fficial dcuments and private letters.With engraved seals gaining wrldwide（9） ______ （appreciate） in recent years，an increasing number f peple （10） ______ （becme） fascinated with the items.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。
37.假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地博物馆正在展出来中国的文物。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
（1）写信目的；
（2）个人优势；
（3）能做的事情。
注意：
（1）词数100左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Grady and his family g camping every summer. As it was becming htter, here came the camping time.
Having planned the camp lng. the family finally decided the destinatin --- the Great Natinal Frest. With fd, necessity and ckers laded nt the car, the family squeezed int the car. The car dr clsed, heat was shut utside.
In the car, Jared, Grady's yunger brther was playing with a ty dinsaur, making great nise. Grady's mther talked excitedly with his father. On settling in the car,Grady put n the earphne and turned n the music. He neither wanted t jin his brther nr jined any talk. After what seemed t be hurs, the car stpped where they headed. Grady threw dwn his backpack and slammed the car dr.
"This will be a lengthy week," he said unhappily t n ne in particular. He lked arund the campgrund. Hundreds f tall and green fir trees, sme as tall as church twers, cvered the muntainside like a green carpet. The sun wuld be setting sn. Grady thught maybe the heat wuldn't be unbearable. But actually nw in the muntain, the ht stickiness f July was clsely attached t him.
Grady hated camping,but it was smething his family stuck t every summer. His father liked cking ver an pen air, telling stries abut hw t survive things like bear attacks and bites f bees. His mther and Jared liked t hike and take pictures f animals. Jared had a cllectin f bug pictures that he had pinned t the walls in his half f their rm. Grady thught they were just scary and prf that Jared was a strange kid.
They set up camp - tw tents, ne fr his parents and ne fr himself and Jared. While everyne else started preparing dinner, Grady, lking fr sme place t cl dwn, set ff fr the nearby stream, which was deep enugh t swim in.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
As Grady gt clse t the stream, an adrable bear cub （幼惠）caught his eye._______.
Turning arund, he saw an angry bear mving swiftly twards him._______.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、D、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章Tracy Andersn部分Her nline prgramme includes a new weekly wrkut，as well as access t existing classes，her digital magazine and meal planning guides.（她的在线课程包括新的每周锻炼，以及现有课程、数字杂志和膳食计划指南）及Centr部分It features 20 and 40-minute sessin s f HIIT，Pilates，yga，bxing and guided meditatin，plus recipe ideas，a meal planner and stress and well being supprt.（它的特色是20到40分钟的HIIT、普拉提、瑜伽、拳击和引导冥想，再加上食谱创意、膳食计划以及压力和健康支持）可知，Tracy Andersn和Centre都有膳食计划指南。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章Get It Dne部分The app includes daily live streamed and n-demand classes featuring yga，cre fitness and strength.（该应用程序包括以瑜伽、核心健身和力量为特色的每日直播和点播课程）可知，Get It Dne可能会提供一对一的课程。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章Tracy Andersn部分Her nline prgramme includes a new weekly wrkut，as well as access t existing classes，her digital magazine and meal planning guides.（她的在线课程包括新的每周锻炼，以及现有课程、数字杂志和膳食计划指南），Rar部分The singer Ellie Gulding and the fashin designer Henry Hlland are said t be fans f Rar's daily live classes，which include the Overdrive-a high energy weights-based wrkut fcusing n upper-bdy strengthening and cardivascular fitness.（歌手Ellie Gulding和时装设计师Henry Hlland据说是Rar日常直播课程的粉丝，其中包括Overdrive，这是一种基于高能量重量的锻炼，专注于增强上身和心血管健康），Centr部分It features 20 and 40-minute sessin s f HIIT，Pilates，yga，bxing and guided meditatin，plus recipe ideas，a meal planner and stress and well being supprt（它的特色是20到40分钟的HIIT、普拉提、瑜伽、拳击和引导冥想，再加上食谱创意、膳食计划以及压力和健康支持）及Get It Dne部分The app includes daily live streamed and n-demand classes featuring yga，cre fitness and strength.（该应用程序包括以瑜伽、核心健身和力量为特色的每日直播和点播课程）可知，文章主要介绍了四个关于健身的应用程序，故本文的目标读者应为健身爱好者。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个供健身爱好者选择的应用程序。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】C、B、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第二段The incident began like any ther day when the small grup started their typical daily jurney t schl and the lcal shps abard the shaky three cables brke，causing it t be suspended in the air.（和往常一样，这个小团体开始了他们的日常上学之旅，摇晃的三根电缆上的当地商店断裂，导致它悬在空中。）可知当缆车进行日常例行旅行时，断裂的电缆使它悬在空中。故答案为C。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段Hwever，the cmplex terrain（地形） and the cable car's unsafe psitin made prgress slw.（然而，复杂的地形和缆车的不安全位置使进展缓慢。）可知艰难的地形阻碍了救援行动的进展。故答案为B。
（3）段落大意题。根据文章第五段Nasir remained n the grund，assisting with the pulley （滑轮） system.Sahib bravely barded the temprary car and started a dangerus jurney t ward the stuck children.Once he reached the hanging car，Sahib carefully tied a rpe arund the children in the car.Making several trips，he secured the children and carried them acrss ne at a time.He successfully transprted tw children t safety in this fashin.（纳西尔留在地面上，协助滑轮系统。Sahib勇敢地登上临时汽车，开始了一段危险的旅程，以监护被卡住的孩子们。一旦他到达悬挂的汽车，Sahib小心翼翼地用绳子捆住车里的孩子。他跑了几趟，把孩子们安全地带过，一次一个。他用这种方式成功地把两个孩子转移到了安全的地方。）可知文章的第五段主要讲述了两兄弟的营救行动。故答案为D。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段This heric rescue missin is a pwerful reminder that when peple wrk tgether with a cmmn gal in mind，they can brainstrm，even in the face f challenges that seemingly can't be tackled successfully.（这次英勇的救援任务有力地提醒我们，当人们怀着共同的目标一起工作时，他们可以集思广益，即使面对似乎无法成功应对的挑战。）可知"人多力量大"可以被用来总结这次救援行动。故答案为C。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在巴基斯坦一个偏远的山区，一辆载有六个孩子和两个成人的缆车悬停在半空。在长达十小时的救援行动中，当地兄弟萨希布和纳西尔利用有限的资源，巧妙地用临时缆车接近并成功救出被困人员。这次救援展现了普通人在面对挑战时的勇敢和智慧，彰显了团结协作的力量。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】B、D、A、D
【解析】（1）词句猜测题。由本文第一段In the endless sky，the unaided human eye shuld be able t perceive several thusand stars n a clear，dark night.Unfrtunately，grwing light pllutin has impeded peple frm the nightly view.（在一望无际的天空中，在一个晴朗、黑暗的夜晚，人类的肉眼应该能够看到几千颗星星。不幸的是，日益严重的光污染impeded人们欣赏夜景。）可知，人类的肉眼本来可以看到几千颗星星，不幸的是，日益严重的光污染却使人们不能欣赏夜景。故划线词意思是"使……不能"。A．separated.分开；B．disabled.使丧失能力；C．demanded.要求；D．prtected.保护。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第三段中的关键句Furthermre，the lss f visible stars is a great lss f human cultural heritage.（此外，可见星星的损失是人类文化遗产的巨大损失。）可推断出可见星星的缺失会导致较少的夜间天空文化元素。故选D。
（3）段落大意题。由本文第五段的内容，尤其是最后一句话But these surces are significant cntributrs t sky glw us seen frm the grund.（但这些光源是我们从地面上看到的天光的重要贡献者。）可推断出作者在第五段中强调了众包数据是无价的。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。由本文最后一段中的Walker说的话The Glbe at Night dataset is necessary in ur nging evaluatin f changes in sky glw，and we encurage whever can t get invlved t help prtect the starry night sky.（全球夜间数据集对于我们持续评估天空辉光的变化是必要的，我们鼓励任何可以参与的人来帮助保护星空。）可推断出Walker期望会有更多的参与者加入。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了光污染正在夺走我们的夜空，使得星星在我们眼前消失。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】B、A、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段UPFs cntain few r n whle fds，are industrially prduced，are ready-t-eat r ready-t-heat，and include additives.The ultra-prcessing f fd lessens its nutritinal value （UPF含有很少或不含天然食物，是工业生产的，是即食或即热的，并含有添加剂。食品的超加工降低了其营养价值。）可知，UPF是预先制成的快餐食品。故选B。
（2）观点态度题。根据第三段Given the degree f expsure t and effects f UPF cnsumptin，this study has great significance in clinical practice and public health.It might help imprve future develpment f dietary guidelines. （鉴于UPF的暴露程度和影响，本研究在临床实践和公共卫生方面具有重要意义。这可能有助于改善未来饮食指南的制定。）可知，Eric Hecht对这项研究持肯定的态度，故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Researchers recmmend taxes n UPFs and carrying ut plicies t reduce the cnsumptin （研究人员建议对UPF征税，并实施减少消费的政策。）可知，研究人员建议人们要降低膳食中超加工食品的比例，减少超加工食品的摄入量。故选B。
（4）标题归纳题。综观全文，尤其是第一段Nw，research has been extended t examine its impact n mental health （现在，研究已经扩展到检查它对心理健康的影响。）和第二段中的After adjusting fr ther factrs that culd affect risk f dementia such as age，gender，and heart disease，researchers fund every 10 percent increase in daily intake f UPFs was assciated with a 25 percent higher risk f dementia. （在调整了其他可能影响痴呆症风险的因素（如年龄、性别和心脏病）后，研究人员发现，每天摄入upf每增加10%，患痴呆症的风险就会增加25%。）和第三段中的In anther study，researchers fund individuals wh cnsumed the mst UPFs had statistically significant increases in the symptms （症状） f mild depressin， "mentally unhealthy days"，and "anxius days". （在另一项研究中，研究人员发现，摄入最多UPF的人在轻度抑郁、"精神不健康日"和"焦虑日"的症状上有统计学上的显著增加。）可知，本文主要介绍的是超加工食品对心理健康的负面影，它可能会增加人们痴呆、抑郁和焦虑的风险。D选项"Negative Effects f UPFs n Mental Health （UPF对心理健康的负面影响）"为最佳标题。故选D。
本文是说明文。超加工食品的消费在过去20年中有所增加。人们已知，较高的超加工食品摄入量与超重和心脏病有关，而一项新研究表明，超加工食品对心理健康也有负面影响，它可能会增加痴呆、抑郁和焦虑的风险。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
16~20.【答案】B、E、F、A、G
【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据前文D yu think yu need t shut at yurself t frce yurself t finish yur hmewrk？If s，think again（你认为你需要对自己大喊大叫来强迫自己完成作业吗？如果是的话，再想想。）可知，提到可能通过对自己的大吼大叫来促使自己完成作业的这一情况，后文提到Research shws that practicing self-cmpassin （自我关怀） imprves ur mental and physical well-being and supprts lng-term success.（研究表明，练习自我同情可以改善我们的身心健康，并有助于长期的成功。）可知，研究表明对自己鼓励和关怀有利于自身长期的成功，说明对自己好一点可能在促使自己完成一件事上更加有效果。B项"It may be mre effective t be kind t yurself."（善待自己可能会更有效。）符合语境。故选B。
（2）语境衔接题。根据前文提到Self-cmpassin is the practice f being kind and supprtive t urselves.The ppsite is being self-critical and mean t urselves when we make a mistake. （自我同情是对自己友善和支持的实践。相反的是当我们犯错时，自我批评和对自己刻薄。）可知，人在犯错误的时候很容易进行自我批评，且后文提到 These negative respnses are related t depressin，stress and reduced quality f life.（这些负面反应与抑郁、压力和生活质量下降有关。）可知，对自己的批评可能会导致抑郁、有压力且可能会影响生活质量。E项"But this apprach des nt make us feel r perfrm better."（但这种方法并不能让我们感觉或表现得更好。）该项提到自我批评并不会让自己感觉良好。符合语境。故选E。
（3）语境衔接题。根据前文提到A 2017 study fund peple wh practice self-cmpassin tend t handle stress better.Their bdies have less f a stress respnse when，fr example，they meet with difficulties at wrk r schl. （2017年的一项研究发现，练习自我同情的人往往能更好地应对压力。例如，当他们在工作或学校遇到困难时，他们的身体对压力的反应就会减少。）可知，以及后文中提到Let's say they d prly n a gemetry test.Self-cmpassin helps them use the experience t make changes ging frward，like seeking ut a math tutr.（假设他们几何考试成绩很差。自我同情可以帮助他们利用这段经历做出改变，比如找一个数学导师。）可知，该段提到练习自我同情的人能更好地应对压力，而且能够进行自我同情的人会根据自己的情况做出适当的可以改变自己的行为。F项"They have mre cnfidence t lk fr areas where they can imprve."（他们更有信心去寻找自己可以改进的地方。）符合语境。故选F。
（4）联系下文题。根据后文提到We can start with mindfulness.（我们可以从正念开始。）可知，由该段内容可以判断，该段提到了进行自我同情的练习方法。A项"S hw d we develp self-cmpassin？"（那么我们如何培养自我同情呢？）符合语境。故选A。
（5）语境衔接题。根据前文提到Rather than getting caught up in hw we culd have dne better，frgive urselves and think abut what t change while remaining respectful，and lving t urselves.（与其纠结于我们该如何做得更好，不如原谅自己，想想在保持尊重和爱自己的同时要改变什么。）可知，要与自己和解，要尊重自己爱自己，后文提到We can read a nvel，play a musical instrument r kick arund a sccer ball with friends.（我们可以读小说，演奏乐器或与朋友踢足球。）读书运动和演奏音乐都是让自己身心健康的好方法。G项"Als，shw urselves kindness in ways that nurish （滋养） ur spirit and bdy."（同时，要善待自己，以滋养我们的精神和身体。）符合语境。故选G。
这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了通过自我同情的练习，我们可以学会用善意和无条件的爱来对待自己。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、C、A、B、C、A、D、B、D、A、C、A、D、B、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.delaying拖延；B.declining减少，拒绝；C.searching搜索；D.repeating重复。句意：读卡器不断拒绝他的支付。根据后文"He'd bviusly gne ver his（2）fr the mnth."可知，因为他的卡里钱不够了，所以读卡器无法通过他的支付，即拒绝他的支付。故选B项。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.expectatin期望；B.demand需求；C.limit限制；D.requirement要求。句意：他显然已经超过了这个月的限额。根据后文第三段中"He cnfirmed the man was ver his limit fr the mnth"可知，老人购物需要的钱超过了卡上这个月的限额。故选C项。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.delighted高兴的；C.excited激动的；D.frightened害怕的。句意：他对这是怎么发生的感到困惑，对这种情况感到尴尬。根据前文"The card reader kept（1）his payment."可知，老人的卡一直支付不了，所以很尴尬。故选A项。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.prud骄傲的；B.grateful感谢的；C.curius好奇的；D.peaceful平静的。句意：当我在想如果我上前提出支付差额，那人是会不高兴还是会感激时，年轻的收银员说："先生，这种事经常发生。"根据常识和后文"if I stepped in and ffered t pay the difference"等内容可知，作者想，如果帮助老人把超额的部分钱付了，老人会感谢有人相助还是不高兴让自己失去尊严呢？故选B项。
（5）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.turn ut结果是；B.make ut理解，明白；C.wrk ut算出，想出；D.carry ut执行。句意：我保证我们可以一起找出解决办法。根据语境和后文"a slutin"可知，收银员认为能够想出解决方案。故选C项。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.impatience不耐烦；B.disbelief不相信；C.disappintment失望；D.depressin抑郁。句意：我们身后的队伍越来越长，但收银员没有表现出任何不耐烦或愤怒。根据语境和后文"Then he tld his ld custmer that this was a cmmn（8）and nt a prblem at all."可知，收银员没有表现出不耐烦，耐心地处理问题。故选A项。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.share分享；B.deliver递送；C.remember记住；D.determine确定。句意：他确认这名男子已经超出了他一个月的限额，但并没有超出太多，所以他帮助这位顾客确定哪些东西他暂时可以不用。根据后文"which items he culd make d withut fr the time being"可知，收银员帮助老人确定哪些东西这次可以不买，让购物在限额之内。故选D项。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.cmplaint抱怨；B.ccurrence发生；C.excuse借口；D.dilemma困境。句意：然后他告诉他的老客户，这是经常发生的事情，根本不是问题。根据后文"nt a prblem at all"可知，收银员解释说，这种事情经常发生，不是问题。故选B项。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.discvered发现；B.increased增加；C.verlked忽视；D.preserved保存。句意：那位老人体面地离开了。根据语境和前文"with his dignity"可知，老人支付完毕，保住了尊严。故选D项。
（10）考查副词及语境理解。A.undubtedly毫无疑问地；B.impssibly不可能地；C.cincidentally巧合地；D.hesitantly犹豫地。句意：毫无疑问，他会对那家连锁杂货店有一种忠诚感。根据语境和后文"have a sense f lyalty t that grcery-stre chain"可知，收银员处理得非常好，所以毫无疑问，老人会对这家店有忠诚感。故选A项。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.recmmend推荐；B.frgive原谅；C.cmpliment赞美；D.cmment评论。句意：到家后，我给店长发了一封电子邮件，称赞他的善良和客户服务。根据语境和后文"fr his kindness and custmer service"可知，作者称赞这位收银员的善良和客户服务。故选C项。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.included包括；B.flded折叠；C.measured测量；D.excluded排除。句意：很快，我收到了经理的一封感谢信，他告诉我，我的评论将被收录在该员工的档案中，并在他每次升职时查看。根据后文"in the emplyee's file and nted each time he was up fr a （13）"可知，作者的评论将被放进该员工的档案中。故选A项。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.regulatin规则；B.negtiatin协商；C.investigatin调查；D.prmtin提升，晋职。句意：很快，我收到了经理的一封感谢信，他告诉我，我的评论将被收录在该员工的档案中，并在他每次升职时查看。根据语境和前文"he was up fr"可知，员工要升职，查看档案作为依据。故选D项。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.defending保卫；B.struggling斗争，挣扎；C.cmpeting竞赛；D.starving挨饿。句意：就像他的善举照亮了那天挣扎的老人的生活一样，我希望我的善举能对那位收银员的职业生涯产生积极的影响。根据前文"He was cnfused abut hw it'd happened and mre than（3）abut the situatin."等内容可知，收银员帮助了那天陷入困难、苦苦挣扎的老人。故选B项。
（15）考查形容词及语境理解。A.impressive令人印象深刻的；B.attractive有吸引力的；C.psitive积极的；D.decisive果断的。句意：就像他的善举照亮了那天挣扎的老人的生活一样，我希望我的善举能对那位收银员的职业生涯产生积极的影响。根据前文"my remarks wuld be（12）in the emplyee's file and nted each time he was up fr a（13）"以及"I hpe my act f kindness"可知，作者希望那封电子邮件对收银员的职业生涯产生积极影响。故选C项。
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在商店发现一位老人在使用补充营养援助卡时，由于所购物品价钱超过限额，而支付失败，收银员耐心解决问题的故事。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】an
【小题2】was added
【小题3】dating
【小题4】when
【小题5】t mark
【小题6】cmbined
【小题7】and
【小题8】in
【小题9】appreciatin
【小题10】have becme
【解析】（1）考查冠词。句意：它一直是中国古典艺术不可分割的一部分。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，inseparable是以元音音素开头的，故填an。
（2）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：2009年9月，中国篆刻艺术被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。add和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，根据时间状语In September 2009，可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，主语为第三人称单数China's seal engraving art，所以be动词为was，故填was added。
（3）考查现在分词。句意：篆刻艺术可以追溯到商代，距今已有3000多年的历史。date和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语，故填dating。
（4）考查定语从句。句意：这种艺术形式在秦朝迅速发展，当时人们把自己的名字刻在器具和文件上，以表明所有权。先行词为the Qin dynasty，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用when引导，故填when。
（5）考查动词不定式。句意：直到明代，艺术家和学者才开始使用刻有自己名字的印章来标记他们的书法和绘画的所有权。use sth.t d sth."使用某物做某事"，动词不定式作宾补，故填t mark。
（6）考查过去分词。句意：1904年，在全国各地篆刻家的共同努力下，成立了西陵篆刻家协会，这是中国第一个篆刻家协会。作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词，故填cmbined。
（7）考查连词。句意：1904年，在全国各地篆刻家的共同努力下，成立了西陵篆刻家协会，这是中国第一个篆刻家协会。前后是并列关系，所以用连词and连接，故填and。
（8）考查介词。句意：今天，印章在官方文件和私人信件中仍然广泛使用。in use"在使用中"，为固定短语，故填in。
（9）考查不可数名词。句意：近年来，随着镌刻印章在世界范围内的流行，越来越多的人对这些物品着迷。作宾语，所以用名词appreciatin，为不可数名词，故填appreciatin。
（10）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，随着镌刻印章在世界范围内的流行，越来越多的人对这些物品着迷。根据时间状语in recent years，可知用现在完成时态，主语为peple，所以助动词为have，故填have becme。
这是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了国篆刻艺术被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的词汇和语法知识。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握语言点及一些语法知识。
37.【答案】Dear Sir r Madam，
I'm Li Hua，an internatinal student in Lndn．I am applying t vlunteer in the Chinese cultural relics exhibitin t be held during the summer vacatin．【高分句型一】Here are my advantages．（写信目的）
I can speak fluent English as well as standard Chinese.And I nce learned a lt abut China in ur schl china club and have been crazy abut cllecting varieties f cups made f China.Yung and energetic，I'm keen n cmmunicating with freign friends．（个人优势）Besides，brn in a city filled with all kinds f Chinese traditinal handicrafts，I can let the visitrs knw mre abut Chinese flk art．Last but nt least，I d hpe t cntribute my effrt t strengthening the friendship between China and England．【高分句型二】（能做的事情）
I wuld appreciate it a lt if my applicatin is taken int cnsideratin．（感激）
Sincerely， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：I am applying t vlunteer in the Chinese cultural relics exhibitin t be held during the summer vacatin．
译文：我正在申请暑假期间举办的中国文物展览的志愿者。
分析：本句使用了不定式短语的被动形式t be held during the summer vacatin作后置定语。
高分句型二：Last but nt least，I d hpe t cntribute my effrt t strengthening the friendship between China and England．
译文：最后，我的确希望能为加强中英友谊作出自己的努力。
分析：助动词d+动词原形，表示强调。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
38.【答案】Paragraph1：
As Grady gt clse t the stream, an adrable bear cub caught his eye. Thugh Grady didn't like animals, he culdn't resist such a lvely bear cub measuring n mre than tw feet tall with a cute face.【高分句型一】 It was playing pretty jyfully at the edge f the stream. S absrbed was the bear cub in playing that it wasn't aware that smene was appraching.【高分句型二】 Driven by curisity, Grady walked n tipte, mving clser t have a lk at it. Suddenly he heard a sund behind him.（格雷迪由于好奇靠近小熊，突然听到有声音）
Paragraph2：
Turning arund, he saw an angry bear mving swiftly twards him. Shcked and dumb, Grady was rted nt the grund fr secnds, and then dashed t their camp desperately, shuting fr help in the meantime. Frtunately, Grady's father heard the shut in time t cme t his assistance. T their surprise, realizing the danger was away, the furry giant stpped chasing and returned t the stream, picking up her baby, and hlding it in arms tightly. In the distance, attracted by the nise, Jared and his mther were trying t take a pht f the bear cub and its mther.（格雷迪遇到了只愤怒的大熊后逃生的过程以及获得了爸爸的帮助得救后，对大熊抱住孩子的场景的描述）
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了格雷迪和家人夏天去野营发生的事情。
高分句型一：Thugh Grady didn't like animals, he culdn't resist such a lvely bear cub measuring n mre than tw feet tall with a cute face.
翻译：虽然格雷迪不喜欢动物，但他无法抗拒这只身高不超过两英尺、长着一张可爱脸的可爱小熊幼崽。
分析：thugh引导让步状语从句。
高分句型二：S absrbed was the bear cub in playing that it wasn't aware that smene was appraching.
翻译：熊宝宝玩得太投入了，它没有意识到有人在靠近。
分析：句型以及倒装句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
（5）关键用词，标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语这一点可以帮助考生自己检查关键词的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。最后在誊写文字时，务必做到"字迹工整、清晰"。