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【暑假衔接】专题7.介词(小初考点差异及衔接)-小升初英语暑假衔接资料
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【小学介词考点聚焦】
考点1.时间介词:
1. I ften watch TV _______ night.
A. n B. at C. t D. with
2. It ften rains _______ June.
A. at B. t C. in D. fr
考点2.方位介词:
1.There is a cup f milk ________the table. (in, n)
2. Wh is the by ________ the tree.
3. They are waiting fr a bus _______ the bus statin.
A. at B. in C. t D. f
3.动向介词:
This train travels frm Lndn ________ Paris. (at, t )
4.方式介词:
1. —What’s this _______ English? —It’s an apple.
A. n B. in C. at D. fr
用所给的介词填空,有些介词可以多次使用
Mr. Wilsn is a zkeeper (动物园管理员). He wrks ____1___ Natinal Z. He gets up ____2___ six ’clck ____3___ the mrning. He has breakfast ____4___ hme. Then he ges ____5___ the z t feed(喂养) t animals. He cleans their cages ___6____ Mnday ___7____ Friday. He desn’t wrk ____8____ Sundays and he wakes up ____9___ ten ’clck. He lves ging ___10____ the beach in summer.
【初中介词考点聚焦】
考点清单
考点一 介词的功能
介词是一种虚词,用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中 作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。如:
The man came dwn the stairs. (状) // My mther will be back in half an hur. (状)
The by ver there is my friend. (定) // The wman with a flwer n her head is frm the cuntryside. (定)
The teacher is nw with the pupils. (表) // Li Ting is frm Guilin. (表) // Help yurself t sme fish. (宾语补足语)
考点二、常用介词、介词短语的用法辧祈
1. 表时间的介词
(1)at / in / n
★at表示在某个时刻或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前。如:at 7:00;at nn;at midnight等。
★in表示在一段时间里(如:某个世纪,季节,某年,某月,上午,下午,晚上等)(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后)。如:in summer;in 2013;in three days;in May;in winter;in the mrning;in the afternn等。
★n表示在具体的某一天或者某一天的某一段时间。如:n Mnday;n the mrning f June 1st;n a cld day;n Mnday;n July 1st;n Sunday mrning 等。
【注意】 this, that, last, next, every, yesterday, tmrrw等词用在mrning, afternn, night及星期的七个词前一律不能加介词。如:I went t Hangzhu last Sunday.
(2)since / after / fr
★since后加时间点或过去时的句子,表示“自从(过去某时)以来”。如:
She has wrked here since 2000. 自2000年以来,她就在这里工作。
★after后跟具体时刻,表示“在……时刻之后”,常用于将来时;后跟时间段,多用于过去时。如:
He said that he wuld be here after 6:00. 他说他六点钟之后会来这儿。
★fr后跟一段时间,表示“(持/延续)……之久”。如:
We have lived in China fr tw years. 我们已经在中国住了两年。
(3)befre / ag
★ag立足于现在,表示从现在起,若干时间前;ag通常与一般过去时连用,不能与完成时连用。如:
I met him three years ag. (距今)
★befre立足过去,表示从过去某一时刻起,若干时间以前,befre通常与过去完成时连用。如:
I had met him three years befre. (距当时)
(4)during / until / befre / by
★during表示“在……期间”。如:I enjyed myself during the summer vacatin. 我在暑假期间玩得很高兴。
★until表示“直到……为止”。如:I wn’t leave until yu cme back. 我将不离开,直到你回来。
★befre表示“在……之前”。如:Wash hands befre dinner. 饭前要洗手。
★by表示“到……为止”。如:I will g there by six. 我六点前会去那里。
①Mther’s Day is the secnd Sunday in May.
②We usually get t schl 7:40 in the mrning.
③Her birthday is winter, the mst beautiful seasn in a year.
④Uncle Wang has wrked in the factry twenty years.
⑤—Hw sn will he cme back?
— a mnth.
2. 表示地点、方位的介词
(1)方位介词at / in / n
★at表示地点:用于指较小的地方或用于门牌号码前。如:
I shall wait fr yu at the statin. // He lives at 115 Zhngshan Rad.
★in表示地点:用于指较大的地方或虽然是很小的地方,如果说话人住在那里,也可用in。商店、学校、机关等,若看作一个地点(pint)用at,若看作一个场所(place)用in。如:
He lives in Shanghai. // I met him at the pst-ffice. // I’m nw wrking in the pst-ffice.
★n表示地点,一般指与面或线接触(在某一层楼上),意为“在……上;在……旁”。如:
The picture was hanging n the wall. // New Yrk is n the Hudsn River.
(2)“上下”介词ver / abve / n / belw / under
★ver表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under;ver还有“覆盖在……上面”之意。如:
There is a bridge ver the river. // The cat is lying under the chair. // There’s a piece f clth ver the table.
★abve也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是belw。如:We flew abve the cluds.
★n指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一个的上面。如:They put sme flwers n the teacher’s desk.
(3)in / n / t+方位名词
★in表示A地在B地范围之内。如:Taiwan is in the sutheast f China. // Beijing is in the nrth f China.
★t表示A地在B地范围之外,即二者之间有距离间隔。如:Japan lies t the east f China.
★n表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如:Nrth Krea is n the east f China.
(4)“前后”介词in frnt f / in the frnt f / behind / befre
★in frnt f…意为“在……前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括;其反义词是behind(在……的后面)。如:
There are sme flwers in frnt f the huse. 房子前面有些花卉。
★in the frnt f 意为“在……的前部”,即甲物在乙物的内部。反义词是at the back f…(在……范围内的后部)。如:
There is a blackbard in the frnt f ur classrm. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。
Our teacher stands in the frnt f the classrm. 我们的老师站在教室前. (老师在教室里)
★behind表示在某一位置之后。如:
There’s a pay phne in frnt f the library and a swimming pl behind it. 图书馆前面有个投币式电话,后面有个游泳池。
★befre意为“在……前面”,表示位置、顺序。如:Spring cmes befre summer.
(5)“左右”介词n the left / right f;“旁边”介词beside / by;“对面”介词acrss / frm。如:
Linda sits beside/by me, just n my left. 琳达坐在我旁边,正好在我左边。
(6)“里外”介词in / inside / int / utside / ut f
★in 在……内部。如:The pen is in my pencil case. 钢笔在我的铅笔盒里。
★inside在……里面/到……里面(强调以……为界),反义词utside在……外面。如:
We are asked t stay inside the building at wrk. 我们被要求待在楼里工作。
★int到……内,其反义短语为ut f。如:Pur sme milk int the blender. 把牛奶倒入搅拌机里。
(7)“之间”介词between / amng
★between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用between。如:
I’m sitting between Tm and Alice. // The village lies between three hills.
★amng用于三者或三者以上之间。如:He is the best amng the students. // She sings best amng us all.
3. 方式、手段、工具等介词by / with / in / n
★①by表示用某种方式或手段,在名词前不加冠词,若后接动词,需将动词变为动名词形式。如:
This pair f shes is made by hand. 这双鞋是手工做的。// He makes a living by teaching. 他靠教书为生。
②by, in, n表交通方式:用by时,交通工具前不用任何限定词;用n或in时,交通工具前用限定词。如:Jenny ges t schl by bike. 詹妮骑自行车去上学。(by bike=n a bike)
Mr. Green ges t wrk by car. 格林先生开车去上班。(by car=in a car)
★with表示“用”某种工具,身体的某一部位或器官。如:Cut the bag with the knife. 用刀子割开这个包。
Hw amazing! The by can write with his tw hands at the same time. 真神奇,这个男孩能同时用左右手写字。
★in+语言类名词或工具的具体类型,语言、工具前不加冠词。如:
Can yu spell it in English? 你会用英语把它拼出来吗?// Dn’t write in pencil. 不要用铅笔写。
★n+网络/电脑/电视/电话/收音机/大米/脚等。一般表示“通过/用/以(网络/电脑/电视/电话/收音机等)方式”。如:
Jim learns Chinese n the radi. 吉姆通过收音机学汉语。
The Chinese peple live n rice. 中国人以大米为食。// Lucy ften ges t schl n ft. 露西常常走路上学。
①Li Ming ges t schl his father‘’s car every day.
②Mr. Green is writing the blackbard.
③They held a large umbrella her.
④—Can a plane fly the Atlantic Ocean?
—Yes,but it needs t g the cluds fr hurs.
⑤Yu must be careful when yu swim the lake.
4. 其他介词
(1)acrss / thrugh表示“通过,穿过”时的用法区别:
★acrss意为“横过,穿过”,指从物体表面的一边到另一边。如:G acrss the bridge and yu will see the cinema.
★thrugh意为“穿过,通过”,指从某一物体空间内通过。如:The mn shne in thrugh the windw.
(2)besides / except / except fr / but表示“除……外”时的用法区别:
★besides表示“除了……以外,还有……”,具有附加性质,还包括在内。如:
Besides Mr Wang, we als went t see the film.(王先生也去了)
【注意】besides用于否定句中时,与except, but同义,可互换。如:We have n ther bks besides / except these.
★except表示“……除外”,具有排它性质,不包括在内。如:
We all went t see the film except Mr Wang.(王先生没去)
★except fr表示“除了……”,即表示除去整体中的一部分。如:
The cmpsitin is very gd except fr a few spelling mistakes.
★but意为“除了”,与except同义,except强调被排除的部分,but则强调整句的内容,常修饰否定意义的代词。如:
Nbdy knew it but me. // There is nthing but a card in the bx.
(3)n / abut表示“关于”时的用法区别:
★n 表示学术性、论述性的“关于”。如:It is a bk n birds. 那是一本论述鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作)
★abut 表示涉猎性的“关于”,指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事,其谈论的内容也较为普通。如:
It is a bk abut birds. 那是一本关于鸟类的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的故事书)
(4)near / by / beside / at表示“在……附近”时的用法区别:
★near意为“在……附近”,表示相对的近,实际距离可能还很远。如:Suzhu is near Shanghai.
★at意为“在……旁边”,但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置,而by和beside仅表位置关系。如:
The students are sitting at the desks listening t the teacher.
★by意为“在……近旁”,比near表示的距离近。如:Tny was sitting at the table by the windw.
★beside意为“在……旁边”,表示紧挨着。如:Tm was sitting beside his grandma.
by和beside都表示靠近,实际距离不可能很远,但beside比by更具体地表示出“在……旁边”之意。
(5)in the tree / n the tree表示“在树上”时的用法区别:
★in the tree 指动物或人在树上。如:There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
★n the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上。如:There are many apples n the apple tree. 苹果树上有许多苹果。
(6)like / as表示“像……一样”时的用法区别:
★like意为“像……一样”,用于说明相似关系,实际上不是。如:
He talked t me like my father. 他像父亲那样跟我谈话。(他不是我父亲)
★as用作连词时,意为“像……一样”;as用作介词时,意为“作为,以……的身份”,后跟表示职业、职务的名词。如:He desn’t run s fast as I (d). 他不像我跑得那么快。
He talked t me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我说话。(他是我父亲)
(7)with / withut表示伴随时的用法区别
★with表示伴随,意为“和……一起”,用作状语。如:
He came in with a bk in his hand. 他进来了,手里拿着一本书。
★withut表示伴随,意为“没有”,用作状语。如:
He left withut saying a wrd. 他什么也没有说就离开了。
(8)under / with / in表示“在……下”时的用法区别:
★under“在……(的关怀)下”。如:Children have grwn up under the Party’s care.
★with“在……(帮助下)”。如:With Jim’s help, I finished my maths hmewrk quickly.
★in“在(阳光)下”。如:Dn’t read in the sun, please.
(9)in / int表示“在/到……里面”时的用法区别:
★in“在……里面”,表示状态。如:There is a pen in the pencil-case.
★/int“往/到……里面”,表示动作。如:I saw Jack putting a ruler int her pencil-case.
(10)n / nt表示“在/到……上面”时的用法区别:
★n“在……上面”,表示状态。如:There is a by n the hrse.
★nt“往/到……上面”,表示动作。如:The by jumped nt the hrse.
(11)after / behind表示“在……后面”时的用法区别:
★after“在……之面”,指时间和顺序。如:I came t see my uncle after tw weeks. // Spring cmes after winter.
★behind“在……后面”,表示位置。如:Jim stpped t get the stick and fell behind.
(12)t / twards / fr表示“到/往/朝/去/向……”时的用法区别:
★t“到,往”,强调目的地,多用于cme, g, return, mve等动词后。如:Mr. Brwn mved t Paris last year.
★twards“朝,向”,表示方向,含有没有到达之意。如:He walked twards his ffice.
★fr“去,往”,表示方向,多用于leave, start等动词后。如:He asked me yesterday when I shuld leave fr Paris.
(13)f/ t/ fr表示“……的”时的用法区别:
★f表示“……的”,表示所属关系。如:This is a map f the wrld.
★t表示“……的”,表示对于、通向。如:Please give me the key t the dr.
★fr表示“……的”,表示用途。如:I want t buy tw tickets fr the cncert.
(14)f sb. / fr sb.表示“对于(某人)”,时的用法区别:
★f sb.“对于(某人)”,用于“It is+adj.+f sb. +t d sth.”句型中,形容词为clever, kind, nice, gd, plite, flish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrng等描述人物性格、品质特征的词,f后的人物与形容词有主表关系。如:It’s very nice/kind f yu t d s.
★fr sb.“对于(某人)”,用于“It is+adj.+fr sb. +t d sth.”句型中,形容词为easy, imprtant, hard, difficult, necessary, dangerus, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impssible等描述事物特征的词,fr后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。如:It’s t hard fr me t finish the wrk in nly ne hur.
①They will finish the wrk an hur.
一小时后他们将完成这项工作。
② a warm spring afternn 在一个温暖的春天的下午
③He has studied English 2000.
自从2000年他就开始学英语了。
④Our teacher usually stands the classrm.
我们的老师通常站在教室前面。
⑤Wine is made grapes.葡萄酒是用葡萄酿造的。
⑥Clthes are used keeping us warm.
衣服是用来为我们保暖的。
考点三、介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。熟记并掌握这种固定搭配关系,才会正确使用介词。
1. 动词+介词
agree with同意;arrive in/at 到达;ask fr请求;base n以……为根据;begin with 以……开始;belng t 属于;call n号召,访问,邀请;deal (d) with 处置,对待;decide n 决定;depend n 依赖,依靠;die f (frm)死于;d well in在……方面做得好;drp ff放下(某物);(让某人)下车;fill with充满,装满;get t到达;give up放弃;g in fr从事,致力于;hand in上交;hear frm 收到……的来信;hear f 听说;help…with 帮助;laugh at嘲笑;learn frm向……学习;leave fr出发去某地;listen n 听……;lk at (有意识地)看;lk after照顾,照看;lk fr寻找;lk like看上去像;lk abut/arund四下看,到处看;meet with偶尔遇见,遭遇;multiply…by… ……乘以……;pass n 传递;pay fr (sth.) 付(……)钱,支付(……费用);pint t指着;put n穿上;prefer…t… 宁愿选择……,更喜欢……;regard…as… 把……看作……;send fr派人去叫,叫人去拿;shut at大声叫喊,吼叫;smile at向……微笑;speak t对……说;take away拿走,带走;take dwn拿下,取下;take ff脱下,起飞;talk t与……谈话;thanks t 幸亏,由于;think abut 考虑;think f考虑,关心;try n试穿(衣服,鞋等); 把……变成……;turn n (ff)打开(关上);turn up (dwn) 开大(关小);wait fr等候,等待;write t写信给……;等等。
2. 介词+名词
at all根本,全然;at hme在家;at dinner在吃正餐;at first首先,at hspital 在医院;at last最后,终于;at least 至少;at night在晚上;at nn在中午;at nce立刻,马上;at schl在学校;at sea在大海上;起初;at wrk在工作;at the age f 在……岁时;at the back f 在……后面;at the end f 在……结尾;at the ft f 在……脚下;at the meeting 在会上;at the same time 同时,然而;at the table在桌子旁;by hand用手,手工,亲手;by the end f 到……结束时;by the time... 到……的时候;by the way顺便说说(问问);by bus乘公共汽车;by train 乘火车;by spaceship乘坐宇宙飞船;day by day日复一日;in a hurry匆忙,急忙;in a lw vice小声地;in a minute 一会儿;in a shrt while 不久; in a wrd总而言之,一句话;in bed 卧床;in English用英语;in fact事实上;in frnt f在……前面;in life 一生中;in n time立刻,很快;in all总共,总计;in line成直线;in rder按顺序,整齐,正常;in rder t为了,以便;in public当众,公开地;in space 在空间;in surprise惊奇地;in time 及时;in twn在城里;in truble处于困境;in silence不作声;in this way用这种方法;in the air 在空中;in the distance 在远处;in the street在街上;in the end最后,终于;in the day在白天;in the middle f 在中间;in the sun在阳光下;in the tree在树上;n ft步行;n ne’s way t在某人去……的路上;n time准时,按时;f curse当然(可以);n display陈列,展览;n duty值日;ne by ne —个接一个;n the earth在地球上;n shw展出;n the left (right)在左(右)边;n the radi通过无线电广播;n tp f... 在……顶上;ut f breath上气不接下气;ut f sight消失,看不见;ut f wrk失业;t this day直到今天;t ne’s surprise (jy) 使某人吃惊(高兴)的是;with a smile带着微笑;等等。
3. 介词与形容词、过去分词和动词等搭配
be angry at sth. 为某事生气be angry with sb. 跟某人生气;be busy with... 忙于……;be brn in ... 出生于……;be full f... 充满……;be gd at… 擅长……;be interested in 对……感兴趣;keep ut f不让进入;be made f... 由……制成(物理变化);be made frm... 由……制成(化学变化);be pleased with sb. 对某人感到满意;be prud f... 以……为自豪(骄傲);be satisfied with sth. 对某事感到满意;be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求;be sure f... 确信……;be surprised at 对……感到惊奇(诧异);be tired f… 讨厌……,厌烦……;be used t... 习惯于……;break int (in)闯入;catch up with跟上,赶上;g t schl去上学;g t bed (sleep)去睡觉;g t the cinema 去看电影;have nthing t d with… 与……无关;lk frward t盼望,期待;say hell t 向……问好;take care f照顾,关心,保管;take (catch) hld f 抓住;take part in 参加;等等。
【考点拓展】
1. \l "介词短语在句子中的位置" 介词短语在句子中的位置:
介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾;介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后;介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如:He wanted t find a gd jb in Shanghai the next year. (状语)
The letters are fr yu. (表语) // Have yu seen a cat with a black head and fur white legs? (定语)
2. 使用介词时应注意的问题
(1)时间介词的省略。在this/that/these/thse/last/next/a/every/each/ne/all等词构成的时间短语前,一般不用at, in, n。如:Every year travellers frm abrad cme t visit Pingya. // He had a bad cld that week.
I want t buy a dictinary tmrrw. // I watched a film last night. // It is fine tday.
在某些名词词组前,可以省略(也可不省)如:(n) that day, (in)the year befre last。如:
He said that he helped an ld man crss the street that day.
(2)介词有时会与它的宾语分离,而且宾语前置。当宾语是疑问词时。如:Wh are yu talking abut?
宾语在从句中当连接词时。如:He has a yunger brther wh he must take gd care f.
D yu knw wh ur teacher is talking with ver there?
动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词,后面有介词。如:I finally fund a chair t sit n.
一、填空题
1.It was cld these days. The temperature remained b freezing all day.
2.Dn’t walk a the street when the traffic lights are red.
3.The by std (倚着)the wall withut saying a wrd.
4.Yngjiang River runs (通过)ur beautiful city.
5.I kept thinking abut the accident and wke up several times d the night.
6.The by sat b his mther quietly, listening t the stry f Mnkey King.
7.Lk! Our art teacher is sitting (在……中间)the students n the grass.
8.We kept ging, (无,没有)thinking abut anything else.
9.G a the rad until yu reach the end, and then yu can find the bkstre.
10.We wrk six days a week, frm Mnday t Saturday, Sunday. We can have a rest n Sunday.
二、单项选择
1.The by has n interest in study. , he has fallen behind his classmates.
A.At lastB.As usualC.As a resultD.At least
2.We are likely t lse cntrl and buy many useless things the lw price nline.
A.because f B.thanks t
C.instead fD.accrding t
3.The British girl blue eyes wn first prize in the Chinese Speech Cntest.
A.byB.nC.inD.with
二
一、填空题
1.They discussed prblems which affect the envirnment such pllutin and climate change, and talked abut pssible ways t these prblems.
2.They didn’t need t wrry me because this trip wuld be almst the same as that ne.
3.Recently Dubai has attracted mre and mre visitrs abrad.
4.My father is very busy and he wrks every day Sunday.
5.It prevents animals having mre babies.
6.We shuld learn many subjects, (包括)Chinese, math, English, science and s n.
7.Hwever,his family are (反对)it and breaks his guitar.
8.A nice lk desn’t mean yu have t spend a lt f mney clthes r accessries(配饰).
9.But (没有)sunlight and gd sil, the tree sn died.
二、单项选择
1.—Are yu watching the ftball matches f the Wrld Cup these days?
—Smetimes, and I’ll watch the match England and Germany.
A.againstB.abutC.thrughD.between
2.Thirty firemen lst their lives while saving the frest in Liangshan, Sichuan Prvince. They will be remembered heres frever.
A.frB.fC.asD.t
3.T my pleasure, my family are always me whatever I decide t d.
A.pastB.withut
C.behindD.against
4.Tara pened the bx. T her surprise, was a new camera.
A.insideB.utside
C.besideD.behind
小学要求
1.时间介词:2.方位介词:3.动向介词:4.方式介词:5.原因介词:
初中要求
介词的功能;
常用介词的用法辨析;
3、介词的固定搭配。
at, in, n, frm, t
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