【暑假衔接】第09讲 句子的种类-新七年级英语暑假衔接讲义 （人教版）

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例1按要求改写下列句子
(1) She is an English girl.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(2) Mr. Green gets up early every mrning.(改为否定句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (3)I'm twelve.(对画线部分提问)
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (4)Open the dr, please.(改为否定句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】(1)-Is she an English girl?-Yes, she is.
(2) Mr. Green desn't get up early every mrning.
(3) Hw ld are yu?
(4) Dn't pen the dr, please.
【思路解析】(1)一般疑问句的结构:be动词／助动词＋主语＋表语／动词原形＋其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语＋be动词／助动词.
(2)一般现在时的实义动词构成的肯定句变为否定句,当主语是第三人称单数时,要在主语后加上desn't,同时将动词的第三人称单数形式还原.
(3)此句对twelve提问,就是问年龄,要用hw ld提问.同时,主语是第一人称,要改为第二人称.
(4)句意:请打开门.这是一个表示请求意思的祈使句,变为否定句时,直接在动词前加上dn't.
回顾总结
1.句子的种类
英语中的句子,根据它们的使用目的可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句.这四种句子,我们已经学习了它们的特点和结构.其中,陈述句有肯定陈述句和否定陈述句;疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句和选择疑问句.
2.改写句子的规则
首先要掌握各类句子的基本结构,其次要注意人称、时态、数的变化,最后要注意标点符号、大小写等对应的细节.
衔接知新
知识清单
1.反意疑问句
在一个陈述句之后附上一个简短的疑问句,对陈述句提出相反的疑问,叫反意疑问句.它有两种基本结构:
结构一:肯定陈述句,＋否定疑问式问句?回答时和汉语意思一致.如:
He plays ftball every day, desn't he?他每天都踢足球,对吗?
Yes, he des.对,他每天都踢.
N, he desn't.不,他不踢.
结构二:否定陈述句,＋肯定疑问式问句?回答时和汉语意思不一致.如:
Mr. Smith isn't Austrian, is he? Smith 先生不是奥地利人,对吗?
Yes, he is.不,他是.
N, he isn't.是的,他不是.
2.感叹句
英语中的感叹句通常由what和hw引导,它们有时可以互换.
(1)由 what构成的感叹句,一般是强调后面的名词.如:
What fresh milk it is!多么新鲜的牛奶啊！(强调“牛奶”)
(2)由hw构成的感叹句,一般是强调后面的形容词或副词.如:
Hw fast he runs!他跑得多快啊！(强调“快”)
3.并列句
根据句子的语法结构,可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句.我们以前学过的陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句一般都是简单句.
把两个或两个以上的简单句,用并列连词连接起来而构成的句子叫并列句.并列句中各个简单句之间相互独立,互不依从,但有联系.连接并列句的并列连词有and(表示并列关系),but(表示转折关系),r(表示选择关系),s(表示因果关系).如:
I turned n the TV and watched it.我打开电视并观看.
过关检测
典题精讲
例2补全问题,再回答
-He didn't g t wrk yesterday,_________ _________?
-_________.He lked after his daughter.
A. didn't he; Yes, he didn't
B. didn't he; N, he did
C. did he; N, he didn't
D. did he; Yes, he did
【答案】C
【思路解析】句意:“他昨天没有去工作,对吗?”“是的,他没去.他在照顾他的女儿.”这是一个“否定陈述句,＋肯定疑问式问句”的反意疑问句,先排除A、B项;从He lked after his daughter 可以推断出“他没有去工作”,排除D项.
走出误区
“否定陈述句”的反意疑问句的回答,很容易误选,因为yes和n表达的汉语意思和我们已知的习惯意思不一样.做这类题要注意:只要事实是肯定的,就用yes回答;只要事实是否定的,就用n回答.
例3分别改为以what和hw引导的感叹句
She is a kind girl.
【答案】What a kind girl she is!
Hw kind she is!
【思路解析】把陈述句变为感叹句时,可以用这种方法:“一断二加三换位”.“一断”,即在谓语后边断开,使句子分为两部分.这里即把She is a kind girl断开为 She is/a kind girl.“二加”,即在第二部分前加上what(强调名词)或加上hw(强调副词或形容词,同时去掉相应的名词).“三换位”,即把第一部分和第二部分互换位置,句号换感叹号.
即时演练
1.补充下列反意疑问句中的问句部分
(1) Yu studied English last night, _________ _________ _________?
(2)He will visit yu tmrrw, _________ _________?
(3) There are twenty bys in ur classrm, _________ _________?
(4) Clse yur bks, _________ _________?
(5) Let's g t the z tgether, _________ _________?
【答案】(1)didn't yu【解析】前面是studied,句子为一般过去时,后面用否定形式didn't.
(2) wn' the (3) aren't there
(4)will yu【解析】祈使句用 will yu 进行反问.
(5)shall we【解析】以let's开头的祈使句用shall we进行反问.
2.用Hw, What(a/an)填空
(1) _________ a heavy bx!
(2) _________ heavy the bx is!
(3) _________ hard he wrks!
(4) _________ interesting bk!
(5) _________ much mney he has!
【答案】(1)What【解析】因为后面有名词bx,用what引导.
(2)Hw【解析】强调 heavy.虽然句子中也有bx,但不是紧跟在引导词后面.
(3)Hw【解析】强调 hard.
(4)What an【解析】强调 bk.因为是单数名词,interesting以元音音素开头,前面加an.
(5)Hw【解析】强调 much,用hw.
领先训练
强化基础
1.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
(1)It's an imprtant(重要的)meeting. _________ (nt be) late.
(2) _________ (turn) ff the light when yu leave!
(3) _________ (nt talk) and read alud.
(4) _________ (lk) ut! A car is cming.
(5) _________ (nt make) the baby cry.
【答案】(1)Dn't be (2)Turn (3)Dn't talk (4) Lk (5) Dn't make
2.单项选择
( )(1)Give me ten minutes_________ I can finish it.
( )(2)Jhn is late, _________?
( )(3) _________ tall building it is!
( )(4)-Yur uncle isn't an engineer(工程师),is he?
-_________ He is a teacher.
【答案】(1)A【解析】两个句子是承接关系,用and连接.
(2)B【解析】反意疑问句前面是肯定陈述句,后面用否定疑问句.
(3)C【解析】强调building,可数名词单数前加a.
(4)B【解析】从He is a teacher.可以推断出“他不是工程师”.
领先巩固
3.句型转换
(1)What a heavy rain!(写出同义句)
_________ _________ the rain is!
(2)Hw interesting the by is!(写出同义句)
_________ _________ interesting by!
(3)There will be a sprts meeting this mnth, _________ _________?(完成反意疑问句)
(4) Yu must be careful when yu crss the street.(改为祈使句)
_________ _________ when yu crss the street.
(5)It is an interesting stry.(分别改为以what和hw引导的感叹句)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】3.(1)Hw heavy
(2)What an
(3)wn't there
(4) Be careful
(5)What an interesting stry it is! Hw interesting the stry is!【解析】运用“一断二加三换位”的方法进行转换.
4.用连词and/but/s/r填空
(1) I bught a present fr my friend, _________ he liked it very much.
(2) He is a basketball fan, _________ his wife is a vlleyball fan.
(3) Shall we g there by bus_________ by taxi?
(4) Jenny is at the meeting, _________ she can't meet yu nw.
【答案】(1)and【解析】句意：我给朋友买了件礼物,他非常喜欢.两个句子是承接关系.
(2)but【解析】句意：他是个篮球迷,但是他的妻子是个排球迷.前后表示转折关系.
(3)r【解析】句意：我们是乘公共汽车还是乘的士去那儿?r有“或者、还是”的意思.
(4)s【解析】句意：Jenny正在开会,所以她现在无法见你.两个句子是因果关系.
培优挑战
5.阅读下面的短文,按要求完成习题
Jhn lives in New Yrk. He wrks in a big bar (酒吧). He wrks at night. He cmes hme at abut 6:00 in the mrning. He has breakfast at 7:30. After breakfast, he ges t bed and then he gets up at 2:30 in the afternn. Then he takes a walk fr an hur. He has sme meat and rice fr lunch at 3:30.
In the afternn, he_________ bks r_________ TV. He likes interesting bks. And his dinner is at 7:00. Then he ges t wrk at 8:00. He has sme friends there. They can drink and talk in the middle f night. What des Jhn d? He plays the guitar in the bar. He wrks hard every night.
(1)He has sme meat and rice fr lunch at 3:30.(对画线部分提问)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(2)In the afternn, he_________ bks r_________ TV.(填入适当的动词)
(3)He has sme friends there.(改为一般疑问句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(4)He wrks hard every night.(改为感叹句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 (1)What des he have fr lunch at 3:30?
(2)reads watches【解析】主语是第三人称单数形式,并列谓语都要按第三人称单数形式处理.
(3)Des he have any friends there?
(4)Hw hard he wrks every night!【解析】hard是副词,只能用hw引导构成感叹句.
中考链接
1.-________ is the fashin shw?
-In the schl hall. The purpse f it is t raise mney fr a charity.
A.WhereB.WhenC.HwD.Which
【答案】A
【详解】句意:--时装表演在哪里?--在学校大厅里.其目的是为慈善机构筹集资金.
考查特殊疑问句.Where在哪里;When什么时候;Hw如何;Which哪一个.根据“In the schl hall.”可知,此处是询问地点.故选A.
2.Bing Dwen Dwen is ne f the 2022 Winter Olympic mascts(吉祥物). ________ lvely it is!
A.What aB.HwC.What anD.What
【答案】B
【详解】句意:冰墩墩是2022年冬奥会吉祥物之一. 多么可爱啊！
考查感叹句.分析句子可知本句是感叹句,且中心词“lvely”是形容词,符合“Hw+形容词+主谓”结构.故选B.
3.________ lvely Bing Dwendwen is! Everyne wants t have ne.
A.WhatB.What aC.Hw
【答案】C
【详解】句意:冰墩墩多么可爱啊！ 每个人都想拥有一个.
考查感叹句.在感叹句中,what修饰名词,hw修饰形容词/副词.本句中中心词“lvely”是形容词,用hw修饰,符合“Hw+形容词+主语+谓语!”结构.故选C.
4.During the hard time when Shanghai is fighting against COVID-19 (新冠病毒), many peple acrss China send messages n the Internet, “Cme n, Shanghai! ________ give up!”
A.Dn’tB.Desn’tC.D
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在上海抗击新冠肺炎疫情的艰难时刻,全国各地都有不少网友在网上留言:“加油,上海！不要放弃！”
考查祈使句.根据“Cme n, Shanghai!”可知鼓励上海不要放弃,用祈使句的否定式“Dn’t+动词原形+其他”结构.故选A.
5.-Can yu play the guitar, Mark?
-Yes, I ________.
A.canB.mustC.will
【答案】A
【详解】句意:--你会弹吉他吗,马克?--是的,我会.
考查情态动词.can会;must必须;will将会.can开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+can”.故选A.
6.-I lve this T-shirt. ________ des it cst?
-50 yuan. Why nt try it n?
A.Hw lngB.Hw ftenC.Hw ldD.Hw much
【答案】D
【详解】句意:--我喜欢这件T恤.它要多少钱?--50元.为什么不试穿一下呢?
考查特殊疑问句.Hw lng多长时间,对一段时间提问;Hw ften多久一次,对频率提问;Hw ld多大,对年龄提问;Hw much多少钱,对价格提问.根据“50 yuan.”可知,此处是提问价格,用Hw much.故选D.
7.-________ d yu have a sprts meeting?
-We have it nce a year.
A.Hw lngB.Hw snC.Hw ften
【答案】C
【详解】句意:--你们学校多久开一次运动会?--我们一年举办一次.
考查特殊疑问句.Hw lng多长时间;Hw sn多久;Hw ften多久一次;根据答句“We have it nce a year.”可知,应该问的是频率,Hw ften符合语境,故选C.
8.-________ have yu been a member f the Helpers’ Club?
-Fr tw years.
A.Hw snB.Hw lngC.Hw ften
【答案】B
【详解】句意:--你加入助手俱乐部多久了?--两年.
考查特殊疑问句.Hw sn多久,对将来的时间进行提问,回答一般用In加上时间段;Hw lng多长时间,对一段时间提问;Hw ften多久一次,对频率提问.根据“Fr tw years.”可知,是对一段时间提问.故选B.
9.-________ d yu exercise?
-Every day.
A.Hw lngB.WhyC.What timeD.Hw ften
【答案】D
【详解】句意:--你多久锻炼一次?--每天.
考查特殊疑问句.Hw lng多久;Why为什么;What time几点;Hw ften多久一次.根据答语“Every day.”可知,此处对频率进行提问,故选D.
10.-________ swim in this river. It’s quite deep.
-Thanks fr telling me.
A.NB.NtC.Dn’tD.Desn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:--不要在这条河里游泳.河很深.--感谢告诉我.
考查祈使句.祈使句的否定形式可以用N+ding/n.或Dn’t+d构成,根据“ in the river.”可知,本题应用Dn’t.故选C.
11.-________ is singing ver there?
-My sister. She likes singing.
A.HwB.WhC.WhatD.When
【答案】B
【详解】句意:--谁在那边唱歌?--我妹妹.她喜欢唱歌.
考查特殊疑问句.hw怎样;wh谁;what什么;when何时.根据答语“My sister”可知,询问谁在那唱歌,故选B.
12.-________ yur hands befre dinner, Tny.
-N prblem, Mm.
A.WashB.WashesC.WashingD.T wash
【答案】A
【详解】句意:--饭前洗手,托尼.--没问题,妈妈.
考查祈使句.分析句子结构可知,此处应该是祈使句结构,句子应以动词原形开头,故选A.
13.-________ d yu g t the schl library?
-Twice a week.
A.Hw lngB.Hw ftenC.Hw snD.Hw much
【答案】B
【详解】句意:--你多久去一次校图书馆?--一周两次.
考查特殊疑问句.Hw lng多长时间;Hw ften多久一次;Hw sn多久以后;Hw much多少.根据答语“Twice a week.”可知,此处对频率提问,故用hw ften引导特殊疑问句.故选B.
14.-- _______ fast China is develping!
-- Yes, we are s lucky t live in such a great cuntry.
A.What
B.What a
C.Hw
D.Hw a
【答案】C
【详解】句意:中国发展得多快啊！--是的,生活在这么伟大的国家我们非常的幸运.本题考查感叹句.Fast是副词,符合句型:Hw+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！故答案选C.
点睛:感叹句型总结:
What +a/an+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！
What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语！
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！
Hw+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！
15.-________ des Tina g t the library?
-She ges there twice a week.
A.Hw ftenB.Hw snC.Hw far
【答案】A
【详解】句意:--Tina多久去一次图书馆?--她一周去两次那里.
考查特殊疑问句.hw ften多久一次;hw sn多久;hw far多远.根据答语“twice a week”可知,是对频率进行提问,故选A.
16.-Have yu heard that Mr. Zhang saved his neighbr frm a big fire last night?
-Yes. ________ brave the yung man is!
A.What aB.HwC.WhatD.Hw a
【答案】B
【详解】句意:--你听说了吗?张先生昨晚从一场大火中救了他的邻居?--是的,他真是个勇敢的年轻人啊！
考查感叹句.此句的中心词是brave,是形容词,此处符合“Hw+adj+主谓”结构.故选B.
17.-________ is it frm yur hme t schl?
-It’s 8 kilmeters.
A.Hw lngB.Hw farC.Hw ften
【答案】B
【详解】句意:--从你家到学校有多远?--8公里.
考查特殊疑问句.Hw lng多长;Hw far多远;Hw ften多久一次.根据答语“It’s 8 kilmeters.”可知,对距离进行提问,故选B.
18.-Have yu watched the mvie named The Battle at Lake Changjin?
-Yes, I was mved t tears. ________!
A.What a tuching mvie
B.What tuching a mvie
C.Hw a tuching mvie
【答案】A
【详解】句意:--你看过电影《长津湖》吗?--看过,我感动得热泪盈眶.多么感人的电影啊！
考查感叹句.此处强调的中心词是可数名词单数mvie,用“What+a/an+adj+可数名词单数(+主谓)！”结构,故选A.
19.I dn’t like ndles and my cusin Amy desn’t like them, ________.
A.tB.eitherC.alsD.as well
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我不喜欢面条,我的表妹艾米也不喜欢.
考查副词辨析.t也,用于肯定句句末;either也,用于否定句句末;als也,用于句中;as well也,用于肯定句句末.此处是否定句,故选B.
20.Dn’t ________ any nise when yu are in the library.
A.makesB.makeC.makingD.made
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当你在图书馆时不要制造任何噪音.
考查祈使句.此处是祈使句,使用动词原形,故选B.
21.-Will she cme back sn?
-Yes, ________.
A.she isB.she willC.she des
【答案】B
【详解】句意:--她会很快回来吗?--是的,她会.
考查一般疑问句.Will she...开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用“Yes, she will.”,故选B.
22.-________ is it frm yur hme t schl, Peter?
-Only ten minutes’ walk.
A.Hw lngB.Hw ftenC.Hw farD.Hw sn
【答案】C
【详解】句意:--Peter,从你家到学校有多远?--只要走十分钟.
考查特殊疑问句.Hw lng多久;Hw ften多久一次;Hw far多远;Hw sn多久以后.根据答语“Only ten minutes’ walk”可知,对距离进行提问,用hw far引导特殊疑问句,故选C.
23.________ gd bk yu ffered us! It really helps us a lt.
A.HwB.Hw aC.WhatD.What a
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你给了我们一本多么好的书啊！这对我们帮助很大.
考查感叹句.本句强调的中心词是可数名词单数bk,用“What a/an+adj+可数名词单数+主谓！”结构,故选D.
24.-________ d yu visit yur grandparents, Simn?
-Twice a mnth.
A.Hw ftenB.Hw snC.Hw lngD.Hw much
【答案】A
【详解】句意:--西蒙,你多久去看一次你的祖父母?--一个月两次.
考查特殊疑问句.Hw ften多长时间一次;Hw sn还要多久;Hw lng多长;Hw much多少.根据“Twice a mnth”可知,对频率副词提问,hw ften符合句意,故选A.
25._______ exciting singing cntest they had yesterday!
A.WhatB.HwC.What anD.Hw an
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他们昨天举行了多么令人兴奋的歌唱比赛啊！
考查感叹句.本句中心词为cntest,是可数名词单数,符合结构“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓！”.故选C.
26.Have a balanced diet and exercise regularly _______ yu will stay healthy.
A.andB.rC.butD.fr
【答案】A
【详解】句意: 保持均衡的饮食和有规律的运动,你就会保持健康.
考查连词.and表并列或递进,和;r否则,或者;but但是;fr因为.根据句型“祈使句+and/r+陈述句”可知,此处用and表递进关系.故选A.
27.-There is an umbrella in the crner f the classrm. ________ is it?
-Perhaps it’s Mary’s.
A.WhseB.WhC.WhenD.Why
【答案】A
【详解】句意:--教室的角落里有一把伞.它是谁的?--也许是玛丽的.
考查特殊疑问句.Whse谁的;Wh谁;When什么时候;Why为什么.根据答句“Perhaps it’s Mary’s”可知,此处在问物品的归属,故应用特殊疑问词whse.故选A.
28.-China launched(发射)the manned spacecraft Shenzhu-14 successfully n June 5, 2022.
-________ exciting news! We are prud f it.
A.WhatB.What anC.HwD.Hw an
【答案】A
【详解】句意:--中国于2022年6月5日成功发射了神舟14号载人飞船.--真是令人兴奋的消息！我们为此感到骄傲.
考查感叹句.此处是感叹句,强调的中心词是不可数名词news,用“What+adj+不可数名词！”句型,故选A.
29.-Tina, I like yur T-shirt. ________ is it?
-It’s 80 yuan. It is made in China.
A.Hw farB.Hw lngC.Hw ftenD.Hw much
【答案】D
【详解】句意:--Tina,我喜欢你的T恤.它多少钱?--80元.它产自中国.
考查特殊疑问句.Hw far多远;Hw lng多久;Hw ften多久一次;Hw much多少钱.根据“It’s 80 yuan”可知,对价格提问用hw much引导特殊疑问句,故选D.
30.________ valuable gift it is! It reminds me f my childhd.
A.WhatB.What aC.What anD.Hw
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这是多么珍贵的礼物啊！它使我想起了我的童年.
考查感叹句.中心词gift是可数名词的单数形式,用what引导的感叹句结构:what+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主谓.valuable是以辅音音素开头的,故选B.
A. and
B. r
C. if
D. s
A. desn't he
B. isn't he
C. isn't it
D. is he
A. Hw
B. What
C. What a
D. What an
A. Yes, he isn't.
B. N, he isn't.
C. N, he is.
D. Yes, he is.