【暑假衔接】第12讲 一般过去时-新七年级英语暑假衔接讲义 （人教版）

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例1用所给词的正确形式填空
I________ (walk) t the z last week, and it________ (be) a lt f fun.
【答案】walked was
【思路解析】从时间状语last week可以看出这道题考查一般过去时的用法,谓语动词要用过去式,walk的过去式是walked.第二个空前面的主语是第三人称单数it, be动词要用is的过去式 was.
回顾总结
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用.如:last year去年,the day befre yesterday 前天,a mment ag刚才等.
1.基本句型
主语+was/\were+表语.
主语+动词过去式＋其他.
2.动词过去式的变化规则
一般情况直接在后面加－ed;以不发音的字母e结尾的,加－d;以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写最后的辅音字母,再加－ed;以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加－ed.
衔接知新
知识清单
1.一般过去时的基本句型变换
(1)主语＋was/were+表语
①变一般疑问句只需把was/were提前.注意:第一人称改为第二人称.
②变否定句只需在was/were后加 nt.注意:was nt常缩写为wasn't, were nt常缩写为 weren't.
(2)主语＋动词的过去式
①变一般疑问句只需在句首加Did,动词需还原.注意:第一人称改为第二人称.
②变否定句只需在主语后加didn't,动词需还原.
2.一般过去时的特殊疑问句
(1)特殊疑问词＋was/were+主语＋表语＋其他?
(2)特殊疑问词＋did+主语＋动词原形＋其他?
3.不规则动词的过去式
过关检测
典题精讲
例2 My mther cked dinner at hme yesterday.(分别就画线部分提问)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
【答案】(1)Wh cked dinner at hme yesterday?
(2) What did yur mther d at hme yesterday?
(3)Where did yur mther ck dinner yesterday?
(4) When did yur mther ck dinner at hme?
【思路解析】“对画线部分提问”,是初中英语中常见的一种题型.完成这类题,可以分成两步完成:第一步,根据画线部分确定用什么特殊疑问词－对主语提问往往用wh,对谓语动词提问一般用what,对地点提问用where,对时间提问用when/what time;第二步,除画线部分外,其他的词按一般疑问句的变化规则形式写下来.此题中四处画线部分,分别用正确的特殊疑问词就能完成.
例3My sister des sme husewrk and studies English n Sundays.(用 yesterday 改写句子)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】My sister did sme husewrk and studied English yesterday.
【思路解析】用yesterday改写句子,就是把句子的时态由其他时态改成一般过去时,这个时候要注意谓语动词形式的变化.在本题中,由一般现在时变为一般过去时,要把动词的第三人称单数形式变为动词的过去式,同时修改相关时间状语.
走出误区
做这道题最容易出错的地方是在第二个谓语动词studies处.这个句子的谓语动词是并列谓语,一旦改成过去时态,两个谓语动词都得用过去式.时态变化时,谓语动词的形式要先变为原形,然后再变为相应时态的形式.
即时演练
1.写出下列动词的过去式
【答案】said swam tk ran rde sat left came
2.用所给动词的恰当形式填空
(1)He________ (watch) TV at hme last night.
(2)What________ yu________ (d) last Sunday?
(3) Danny________ (nt study) English well last term(上个学期).
【答案】(1)watched【解析】last night是表示过去的时间状语,因此句子是一般过去时,动词应用过去式.
(2)did d【解析】last Sunday是过去时间状语,d是实义动词,变问句时需加助动词did,动词用原形.
(3)didn't study【解析】last term是表示过去的时间状语,nt study这一形式就是要把一般过去时的句子改成否定句,study是实义动词,变否定句需借助didn't.
3.按要求完成下列句子
(1)She brushes her teeth every mrning.(改为一般过去时态)
________________________ yesterday.
(2) My aunt read the newspaper at hme yesterday.(对画线部分提问)
________________________ at hme yesterday?
(3)Were there any bananas in the bag?(改为肯定句)
________________________ in the bag.
【答案】(1)She brushed her teeth【解析】一般现在时变为一般过去时,先将动词第三人称单数形式brushes还原,再变成动词过去式brushed.
(2)What did yur aunt d at hme yesterday?【解析】画线部分是句子的谓语,用what提问.一般过去时的特殊疑问句形式：What+助动词／be动词＋主语＋动词原形／表语＋其他?
(3) There were sme bananas【解析】由一般过去时的一般疑问句改为肯定句,就是变回there be句型的基本结构,注意any要变为sme.
领先训练
强化基础
1.连词成句
(1) night did last rain it
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(2) gift him birthday gave a l
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(3) in was range the there sme cup juice
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(4) her bught a mther she fr gift
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】(1)Did it rain last night?
(2) I gave him a birthday gift.
(3) There was sme range juice in the cup.
(4) She bught a gift fr her mther.
2.请找出下列句子中的错误并改正
(1)Hw is Jane yesterday?
________改为: ________
(2)He gets t schl at six yesterday.
________改为: ________
(3)He ften ges hme at 6:00 last mnth.
________改为: ________
(4) I fly kites three days ag.
________改为: ________
(5) Did yu saw him just nw?
________改为: ________
(6) Tm wasn't watch TV last night.
________改为: ________
【答案】(1)is was【解析】yesterday是过去时间状语,动词用过去式.
(2)gets gt【解析】yesterday是过去时间状语,动词用过去式,get的过去式是gt.
(3) ges went【解析】last mnth是过去时间状语,动词用过去式,g的过去式是went.
(4)fly flew【解析】three days ag是过去时间状语,用一般过去时,fly的过去式是flew.
(5) saw see【解析】用了did提问,动词需还原.
(6)wasn't didn't【解析】watch是实义动词,变否定句借助didn't.
领先巩固
3.单项选择
( )(1)She________ her bike t schl yesterday mrning.
( )(2)The rm was s________. Mary________ it yesterday.
( )(3)Mike________ his pen everywhere, but he culdn't________ it.
( )(4)Tny________ ftball very well when he was yung.
【答案】(1)C【解析】yesterday mrning 是过去时间状语,应用一般过去时,动词ride用过去式rde.
(2)C【解析】句意：这个房间如此干净,Mary昨天打扫了.clean在第一空中是形容词“干净的”,用原形,在第二空中是动词“打扫”,用过去式.
(3)B【解析】句意：Mike到处找他的钢笔,但是没有找到.强调“寻找”这一动作,用lk fr;强调“找到”这一结果,用find. culdn't是情态动词can的过去式的否定形式,后跟动词原形.
(4)B【解析】when he was yung 意为“他小的时候”,是用一个句子表示时间,说的是过去的时间,play这个动作发生在过去,用过去式.
4.补全对话,每空一词
A:Hi, Ann! Hw (1) ________ yur last weekend?
B:It (2) ________ great.
A:Really? What (3) ________ yu d?
B:I (4) ________ t sme beautiful cities.
A:Where did yu (5) ________?
B:I (6) ________ t Shanghai and Hangzhu.
A:That sunds fun.
B:(7) ________(8) ________ yu? Did yu have a nice weekend?
A:N,I (9) ________.I (10) ________ TV at hme all day.
(1) ________ (2) ________ (3) ________ (4) ________ (5) ________
(6) ________ (7) ________ (9) ________ (8) ________ (10) ________
【答案】提示：由last weekend 可知对话中两人谈论的是过去的情况,用一般过去时.
(1)was【解析】此处不是问yu,而是问yur last weekend,所以是单数,且要用is的过去式.
(2)was (3) did (4) went (5) g (6) went (7)What (8)abut (9) didn't (10) watched
培优挑战
5.用括号内所给动词的恰当形式填空
I (1) (cme) t the ffice early tday. There (2) (be) a meeting this mrning. Bb (3) (nt be) there. He (4) (get) up late, because he (5) (nt hear) the alarm.
Lunch (6) (be) terrible(糟糕). (7) (try) the new French restaurant in the twn center. The fd (8) (taste) awful(极坏的). This afternn I (9) (phne) Bill in America. We (10) (talk) happily.
(1) ________ (2) ________ (3) ________ (4) ________ (5) ________
(6) ________ (7) ________ (9) ________ (8) ________ (10) ________
【答案】(1)came【解析】tday这个时间状语有点儿复杂,可以指现在,也可以指过去.从这篇文章可以看出,描述的是过去发生的事,所以用一般过去时.
(2)was【解析】there be句型中,主语是a meeting,谓语用第三人称单数形式.
(3)wasn't【解析】nt be提示此句是否定句,Bb是第三人称单数,所以用wasn't.
(4)gt【解析】get的过去式是g
(5)didn't hear【解析】hear是实义动词,变否定句需借助didn't.
(6)was【解析】主语lunch是单数名词.
(7)tried【解析】整篇文章的时态是一般过去时,所以用过去式tried.
(8)tasted
(9)phned【解析】phne在此处的意思是“打电话”,作动词用.
(10) talked
中考链接
1.Li Lei ________ the schl bus last Friday.
A.missesB.missedC.was missingD.has missed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:李雷上周五错过了校车.
考查一般过去时.根据时间状语“last Friday”可知,本句是一般过去时,动词用过去式missed.故选B.
2.The three Chinese astrnauts _______ safely frm space n April 16, 2022.
A.returnedB.are returningC.have returnedD.had returned
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这三名中国宇航员于2022年4月16日从太空安全返回.
考查动词时态.根据“April 16, 2022”可知,此句用一般过去时,动词用过去式,故选A.
3.It nly takes us tw hurs t g frm Jishu t Changsha by train when Zhang-Ji-Huai high-speed railway ________ in December last year.
A.pensB.penedC.will pen
【答案】B
【详解】句意:去年12月张吉怀高铁开通,从吉首坐火车到长沙只需要两个小时
考查动词时态.根据时间状语“last year” 可知句子时态用一般过去时,pen的过去式时pened.故选B.
4.WangYaping, the female(女性的)Chinese space walker, ________ her first space walk in Nvember, 2021.
A.has begunB.beginsC.began
【答案】C
【详解】句意:中国女太空行走者王亚平于2021年11月开始了她的首次太空行走.
考查动词时态.根据“ in Nvember, 2021.”可知动作发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,故选C.
5.China ________ nine gld medals at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
A.winsB.is winningC.wnD.will win
【答案】C
【详解】句意:中国在2022年北京冬奥会赢得了9枚金牌.
考查时态.根据“ the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.”可知此处指发生过的事情,用一般过去时.故选C.
6.-Have yu ever visited Shenyang EXPO Garden?
-Yes. I ________ it last year.
A.have visitedB.will visitC.visited
【答案】C
【详解】句意:--你曾经参观过沈阳世博园吗?--是的.我去年参观的.
考查动词时态.根据时间状语“last year”可知,句子应用一般过去时,动词用它的过去式;visit的过去式是visited.故选C.
7.My parents and I ________ trees last Sunday.
A.plantB.will plantC.are plantingD.planted
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我的父母和我上星期天种树.
考查一般过去时.根据“last Sunday”可知,时态是一般过去时,故选D.
8.During Dr Mar’s last visit, he ________ n 150 patients n the ORBIS plane.
A.peratesB.is peratingC.will perateD.perated
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在马尔医生最后一次访问时,他在奥比斯飞机上为150名病人做了手术.
考查时态.根据“During Dr Mar’s last visit”可知,动作发生在过去,是一般过去时,故选D.
9.My father ________ me a funny jke and I can’t stp laughing every time I think f it.
A.tldB.tellsC.will tellD.is telling
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我爸爸给我讲了一个有趣的笑话,我每次想到它就忍不住笑.
考查动词时态. every time I think f it每次想起这个故事,说明“讲故事”的动作发生在过去,用一般过去时,故选A.
10.Last Sunday my brther and I ________ ur grandparents.
A.will visitB.visitsC.visitD.visited
【答案】D
【详解】句意:上周日我和哥哥去看望了我们的祖父母.
考查一般过去时.根据句中时间状语“Last Sunday”可知,该句应用一般过去时,谓语动词visit的过去式为visited,故选D.
11.He _______this city when he was eighteen.
A.leavesB.desn’t leaveC.left
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他十八岁时离开了这座城市.
考查动词时态.本句为when引导的时间状语从句,根据从句中he was eighteen可知,此处应为一般过去时,故应用动词的过去式left.故选C.
12.Yu lk nice n the dress. Culd yu tell me __________?
A.where did yu buy itB.where yu bught it
C.where d yu buy itD.where yu buy it
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你穿这件衣服很好看.你能告诉我在哪儿买的吗?
考查宾语从句.由“Culd yu tell me…”可知,本句为宾语从句,应为陈述句语序,故排除A、C两项;且“买衣服”为发生在过去的事,故应为一般过去时,故排除D选项.故选B.
13.I dn’t remember_______ fr the first time.
A.when I met herB.when I meet herC.when I will meet her
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我不记得什么时候是我第一次见到她.
考查宾语从句.动词remember后面是宾语从句,根据“fr the first time”第一次见到她是过去的动作,用一般过去时态,从句的动词用过去式met.故选A.
14.My bike was brken yesterday,s I____walk hme.
A.mightB.had tC.mustD.culd
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我的自行车昨天坏了,所以我不得不步行回家.
考查情态动词.might可能;had t必须,不得不;must必须,一定;culd能,会,是can的过去式.must强调说话者的主观看法,have t强调客观需要.根据 “My bike was brken yesterday我的自行车昨天坏了”可知,此处表达“所以我不得不步行回家”,用情态动词的过去式had t表示“不得不”.故选B.
15.There________ nly a few things in the rm, like a bed, sme chairs and an ld desk.
A.wasB.wereC.is
【答案】B
【详解】句意:只有少量的东西在房间里,一张床、一些椅子和一个旧的课桌.
考查there be句型.was是,单数,过去式;were是,过去式;is是,单数;一般现在时.there be+名词的句型采取就近原则,be的单复数与最近的名词的单复数一致.此处a few things是复数名词,be动词此处用were.故选B.
16.-Have yu ever________t Cazhu Peny Garden?
-Yes,I________ there last year.
A.been;wentB.gne;wentC.been; gne
【答案】A
【详解】句意:--你去过曹州牡丹园么?--是的,我去年去过.
考查动词的时态.have been t 现在完成时,表示曾经去过某地; have gne t现在完成时, 表示已经去了某地, 或正在去某地的路上;went是动词的过去式.根据“Have yu ever”可知此处表示“曾去过”用have been t;根据“last year”可知讲述过去的动作,用一般过去时态,第二空用动词的过去式went.故选A.
17.The film My Peple, My Cuntry, which amazed lts f mvie-gers, ________ t the tp f the Chinese bx ffice last Mnday.
A.jumpB.jumpedC.jumps
【答案】B
【详解】句意:电影《我和我的祖国》上周一跃居中国票房榜首,这部电影让很多影迷大吃一惊.
考查动词时态.jump动词原形,一般现在时;jumped动词过去式,一般过去时;jumps动词单三形式,一般现在时.根据句中时间状语last Mnday,可知该句应用一般过去时,故选B.
18.I dn’t knw the wrds t a lt f sngs, but I d knw sme flk sngs that my grandma ________ me at an early age.
A.teachesB.taughtC.will teachD.has taught
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我不知道很多歌的歌词,但我知道一些儿时奶奶教我的民歌.
考查动词时态.teaches一般现在时;taught一般过去时;will teach一般将来时;has taught现在完成时.本句为that引导的定语从句,根据句中at an early age可知,从句时态应为一般过去时.故选B.
19.-My mther said yu went n a Silk Rad trip last year.
-Yes, it a wnderful trip.
A.isB.wasC.will beD.were
【答案】B
【详解】句意:--我妈妈说你去年去丝绸之路旅行了.--是的,那是一次美妙的旅行.
考查动词的时态.is一般现在时;was一般过去时,be动词的单数形式,用于第一、第三人称的单数形式;will be一般将来时;were一般过去时,be动词的复数形式,用于第二人称和第一、第三人称的复数形式.根据句意和问句中的last year可知,去年的丝绸之路旅行是美妙的,所以这里用一般过去时,排除选项A和C;答句的主语it是第三人称单数,所以这里用was,故选B.
20.-Excuse me, sir? N ne is allwed ________.
-Srry, I ________ knw that.
A.swimming; didn’tB.t swim; didn’tC.t swim; dn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:--抱歉打扰,先生,此处不允许游泳.--对不起,我之前不知道.
考查动词不定式和动词的时态.swimming动名词;t swim动词不定式;didn’t一般过去时态的否定;dn’t一般现在时的否定.表示“某人被允许做某事”用sb. be allwed t d,此处用动词不定式 t swim.第二空动作knw是过去的动作,用助动词did的否定didn’t.故选B.
动词原形
过去式
动词原形
过去式
动词原形
过去式
am/is
was
g
went
sit
sat
are
were
keep
kept
sing
sang
buy
bught
knw
knew
sleep
slept
bring
brught
leave
left
see
saw
begin
began
make
made
say
said
cme
came
run
ran
take
tk
d
did
ring
rang
tell
tld
eat
ate
ride
rde
think
thught
find
fund
speak
spke
teach
taught
Say________
swim________
take________
run________
ride________
sit________
leave________
cme________
A. ride
B. rides
C. rde
D. riding
A. clean; cleans
B. cleaned; cleaned
C. clean; cleaned
D. cleaned; clean
A. lked fr; fund
B. lked fr; find
C. fund; lk fr
D. fund; lked fr
A. plays
B. played
C. is playing
D. play