【暑假衔接】第04讲 介词的用法-新八年级英语暑假讲义（人教版）

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用法详解：
一、常用介词的基本用法
表时间的介词
1）at, in n
at：多用于表示具体的钟点时刻前或固定搭配at nn, at midnight, at night, at lunchtime。
in: 用于表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及一天的上午，下午，晚上，如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in May, in winter, in the mrning, in the afternn等。
用于表示“从现在起，多久以后”，如in an hur
n: 表示在具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时, 如：n Mnday, n July 1st, n Sunday mrning等。
2） since, after
由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：
I haven’t heard frm him since last summer.
After five days the by came back.
3） in, after
in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。after与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：
He will be back in tw mnths.
He will arrive after fur ’clck.
He returned after a mnth.
befre 在以前
during 在期间，“during +时间段”与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作
by “by+时间点”表示“到以前为止”
frm 说明开始的时间
fr “fr+时间段”，常与现在完成时连用
（2）表示地点的介词
1）at, in, n
at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；n往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
They arrived at a small village befre dark.
There is a big hle in the wall.
The teacher put up a picture n the wall.
2） ver, abve, n
ver, n和abve都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。ver表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 abve也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是belw。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：
There is a bridge ver the river.
We flew abve the cluds.
They put sme flwers n the teacher’s desk.
3）表示方位的in /n / t
in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系) Taiwan is _in___ the sutheast f China .
n表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系) Hubei is __n__ the nrth f Hunan .
t表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系) Japan is __t___ the east f China .
4) in frnt f, in the frnt f
in frnt f 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the frnt f 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：
There are sme tall trees in frnt f the building.
The teacher is sitting in the frnt f the classrm.
二、常用介词的用法辨析
(1) after和behind区别
after表示时间、位置之后
behind只表示位置之后
(2) between / amng 在……之间
1.between :指两者之间. 在…….之间.
2.amng :用于三者或三者以上人或物之间. 在……之中.
(3) with / in / by 表示 “用……”
with 表示 “用…” 一般指用具体有形的工具.
He cut the apple int halves ____ a knife .
注: with 表伴随, “带有,含有”
He came in _____ a big smile n his face .
in表示用某种语言,方式,途径. 或书写/绘画所用的材料.
Can yu say it _____English ?
He wrte a letter ____ blue ink .
by表示方式，方法
I study fr a test _____ wrking with a grup .
He makes a living ____ selling newspapers .
(4) acrss / thrugh / ver / by 经过
1.acrss 指横穿,穿过. 表示从表面上经过.
2.thrugh 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.
3.ver 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触.
4.by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.
Can yu swim acrss the river ?
The elephant is s big that it can’ t g thrugh the gate .
I dn’ t think anyne can jump ver the fence.
I walked by the bank f China yesterday .
(5) fr, t和twards的区别
fr 常用在leave，start后，表示运动的方向和目的，如leave fr Beijing
t 常用在g, cme, return,mve等词之后，如return t schl
twards 意为“朝，向”，只是说明运动的方向，没有“到达”之意，如walk twards us
but, besides和except 区别
But 表示“除之外”，常与表否定意义的词连用，如We can d nthing but wait.
Besides 表示“除之外（还有）”，意思是在原有基础上加上besides除外的人或物
Except 表示“除之外”，指从整体中排除except所接的人或物
【考点剖析】
例1．_________ Mnday mrning, Jim has breakfast _________ seven ’clck.
A．In: atB．On; atC．On: inD．At. At
例2．—What time des Sctt g t wrk?
—He always ges t wrk _________ ten ’clck.
A．nB．inC．at
例3．________ the first night there, we made a fire and had a big party.
A．OnB．InC．At
例4．Yu’d better nt read ________ the sun. It’s bad ________ yur eyes.
A．in; frB．in; fC．under; frD．under; with
例5．G alng Center Street and ________ left, the pst ffice is ________ yur right.
A．turn; nB．turn; inC．turn t; n
例6．Lk! There is a blackbard _________ ur classrm.
A．in frntB．in frnt fC．in the frnt f
例7．Let me tell yu the way ________ my huse.
A．inB．tC．atD．f
例8．— Is there a supermarket _______ the neighbrhd?
— Yes. Turn left _______ the first crssing and yu’ll find it.
A．in; atB．in; nC．at; inD．at; n
例9．The pay phne is ________ the bkstre and the supermarket.
A．acrss frmB．betweenC．nearD．next t
【真题演练】
10．Shenzhu XIII came back t Earth safely ________ April 16th, 2022.
A．atB．nC．in
11．Mingming will have a class meeting _______ 3:30 this afternn.
A．nB．inC．at
12．Father’s Day cmes ________ June every year.
A．inB．nC．atD．t
13．Qingda Jiazhu Bay Bridge ________ the sea helps peple travel cnveniently.
A．verB．byC．inD．r
14．There is a new TV ________ the wall.
A．atB．fC．n
15．Sansha, a beautiful city, lies ________ the suth f china.
A．inB．nC．t
16．— Where’s the Peple’s Park?
— G alng Gngyuan Rad, turn right at the secnd crssing and it’s _________ yur left.
A．nB．tC．atD．in
17．Lk! The sun is shining directly int the car. Yu’d better park it ________ the tree.
A．underB．in frnt fC．behind
18．Anna is taller than me. She sits ________ me in the classrm.
A．betweenB．frmC．behindD．amng
19．Beijing will hst the 24 Winter Olympics ________ 2022.
A．nB．atC．frD．in
20．We’ll celebrate the 100th birthday f the Chinese Cmmunist Party(中国共产党) July 1st this year.
A．inB．nC．at
21．I ften d vlunteer wrk in the library ________ Sundays.
A．atB．inC．nD．fr
【过关检测】
22．We ften talk ________ the phne ________ Sunday mrning.
A．n; nB．n; atC．in; inD．by; n
23．When it rains, I g t the pst ffice ________ taxi.
A．frmB．byC．nD．in
24．—________ des yur father g t wrk?
—He ges t wrk ________ his car.
A．Hw; byB．What; nC．Hw; inD．Why; drive
25．Her wedding ring made ________ gld was made ________ a famus lcal designer.
A．frm, byB．in, withC．by, withD．f, by
26．My brther needs a pair f sprts shes ________ white ________ Schl Day.
A．fr; nB．n; nC．in; fr
27．The wman ________ black is my math teacher.
A．nB．inC．t
28．________ the help f Miss Li, I can sing English sngs very well nw.
A．WithB．OnC．InD．T
29．D yu usually g t schl ________ bus r ________ ft?
A．by; byB．n; byC．by; nD．n; in
30．We have many sweaters ________ red, green and purple _____ nly $29.
A．fr, inB．in, atC．in, frD．abut, at
31．I usually cme t schl ______ bus, but smetimes _______ft.
A．by, byB．n, n
C．by, nD．n, by
32．—What’s “Gd mrning” ________Chinese?
—It’s “早上好”.
A．inB．fC．frm
33．Mary makes a present ________ her parents ________ her hands.
A．f; frB．fr; withC．f; atD．fr; n
34．We can d ur hmewrk ________ pencils.
A．frB．withC．tD．f
35．We can try t slve this maths prblem ________ anther way.
A．byB．inC．nD．at
36．The ld bridge is made _________ the stne.
A．fB．frmC．in
37．Tm sits ________ the classrm while Jhn sits ________ it.
A．in frnt f, at back fB．in the frnt f; at the back f
C．in frnt f; at the back fD．in the frnt f; at back f
38．The by sitting ________ Tina was s tall that she culdn’t see the film clearly.
A．behindB．besideC．in frnt fD．in the frnt f
39．When yu are n a plane, yu’ll find the tall buildings ________ lk like small bxes.
A．abveB．behindC．underD．belw
40．—Wuld yu please tell us smething ________ the accident?
—Sure. It happened ________ the mrning f February 5th.
A．t; nB．fr; inC．abut; inD．abut; n
41．She ften sits _______ the lake, reading a bk.
A．nB．inC．withD．by
42．My father ften gets up ________ 7:30 ________ the mrning.
A．in; atB．at; nC．at; in
43．―Is the lady _______ the red dress yur Chinese teacher?
―N, my Chinese teacher is the lady _______ lng hair standing ver there.
A．in, withB．n, hasC．at, withD．with, has