初中英语2024届中考语法复习现在分词的用法知识讲解

这是一份初中英语2024届中考语法复习现在分词的用法知识讲解，共3页。学案主要包含了现在分词作定语，现在分词作宾补，现在分词作表语，现在分词作状语，现在分词作独立主格结构，现在分词作独立成分等内容，欢迎下载使用。

现在分词在句中可以作定语，宾补，表语，状语，独立主格结构以及独立成分。
一、现在分词作定语
单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前 ，分词短语作定语时放在后，可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句 。
a running by
——＞a by wh is running
a girl standing there
——＞a girl wh is standing there
注意：分词的完成时不可作定语
二、现在分词作宾补
１）感官动词的宾补：feel see watch ntice find lk at bserve hear listen t
２）使役动词的病补：have get catch leave set
eg. I saw him singing nw.
Dn't have the students studying all day.
注意 ：主语补足语 上述动词的被动语态形式时动名词是主语补足语
三、现在分词作表语
现在分词作表语有三级变化，可被副词修饰 The stry is interesting.
The match is exciting.
注意 ：表动作的现在分词不能作表语
A by is running.
这不是主系表而是主谓（其中助动词is与现在分词running和起来作谓语）
四、现在分词作状语
分词作状语时的逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致。
在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时要位于句首，且与后面用逗号隔开；作结果、方式、伴随状语时要位于句尾，且与前面用逗号隔开，有时也可以不用 。
①作时间状语
Walking in the street,I saw him.
当我在街上走时，我看到他了．
可以转化为一个时间状语从句
—＞When/While I was walking in the street,I
saw him.
可以改写为
—＞When/While walking in the street,I saw him.
注意：省略的主语要与句中主语保持一致 区别下面例句：
When/While he was walking in the street,I saw him.
=He walking in the street,I saw him.
当他在街上走时，我看到他了 。
②作条件状语
Wrking hard,yu will succeed.
Ging straight dwn the rad, yu will find the department stre
= If yu g straight dwn the rad...
③作原因状语
Being ill,she stayed at hme.
注意: being常用来作原因状语的
④作让步状语
Having failed many times,he didn't lst
heart.
⑤作结果状语
His friend died,leaving him a lt f mney,
⑥作方式状语
Please answer the questin using anther way.
⑦作伴随状语
He is standing there,singing.
可以转化为一个并列句
——＞He is standing there,and he is singing there.
注意. 分词和不定式作状语的区别
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，不定式常常表示目的。
They std by the radside talking abut
the plan．
他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)
They std by the radside t talk abut
the plan．
他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)
2)分词表示原因，时间或条件状语时，放在句子开头；不定式表原因，目的或结果状语时，放在句子末尾。
Reading carefully,yu'll learn smething
new．
只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。
The by is nt tall enugh t reach the bk shelf．
这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果)
We are t glad t hear the news．
我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)
五、现在分词作独立主格结构
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句中主语不一致时，就是独立主格结构．它可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。
分词独立结构可表示伴随情况、陪衬动作、附加说明以及表示时间、原因、条件等。
The mn has n light f its wn, nly
sunlight shining n it. (附加说明)
She rushed ut f the rm, the little baby
carried in her arms. (伴随动作)
Maggie ran back t the kitchen, eggs held
carefully in her hand. (伴随动作)
Circumstances changed, it is necessary fr yu t make a new plan. (表示原因)
Winter cming，it gets clder and clder．
A frce acting thrugh a distance, wrk is
dne. (表示条件)
The subject having been pened，he had t g n with it.
话题已经开始了，他不得不谈下去。
All the cmpsitins having
been written and cllected, the teacher
dismissed the students.
注意 there be句型和it也能引出分词独立结构，作状语，
There being nthing else t d, we went
hme.
There having been n rain, the plants
withered.
It being impssible fr mst students t
turn in their papers as scheduled, the
teacher decided t give them anther tw
days.
注：当逻辑主语是人的身体部位时，后面动词是vt用过去分词,如果是vi就用现在分词
如果是由身体部位自己本身发出的动作时就用现在分词
The by lay n the grund,his eyes clsed
and his hands trembling．
这个男孩躺在地上，眼睛闭着，手在发抖．
六、现在分词作独立成分
judging frm…,
frankly (bradly, generally, prperly, strictly)speaking,
talking abut…,
speaking f…,
lking at…,
taking…int cnsideratin,
including 包括,
excepting, 除…外,
cncerning与…有关,
admitting (that)假如
assuming (that)假如
granting(that)假如
suppsing (that)假如
prviding(that)假如
Judging frm his accent, he must be frm
the Suth.
从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。Strictly speaking, nbdy is allwed in here.严格地讲，谁也不允许在这儿。
Taking all things int cnsideratin, his
wrk is a successful ne.
There were ten peple in the rm,
including me.
Granting that he had the best intentin, his cnduct might wrk great mischief.
就算他出于好意，他的行为也会引起极大不快。