初中英语2024届中考语法复习名词性从句知识讲解

这是一份初中英语2024届中考语法复习名词性从句知识讲解，共9页。学案主要包含了主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，what 从句的小结，疑问词+ever引导的从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
在句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句分别叫做：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，统称为名词性从句。
名词性从句常用的连接词有：
A.连接代词
1.that 无词义，不作成分，只起连接作用
2.whether\if 是否，不作成分，只起连接作用
3.wh, whm, which ，what（所…的，）
whever, whatever, whichever, whmever,
whse which whsever whichever
这些连接词代词在句子中作主语、宾语，定语
B.连接副词
when，where，why，hw
这些连接词副词在从句中作状语
注意:从句永远用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。
一、主语从句
1.that 引导的主语从句原为陈述句，that无意义，但不能省略。
例如:
①Tm is a rich man It is knwn t us all.
陈述句
——＞(加上That)Tm is a rich man （It去掉）is knwn t us all.
－—＞That Tm is a rich man is knwn t
主语从句
us all.
②His hair was turning gray.It wrried him a bit.
——＞(加上That ）his hair was turning gray （去掉it)wrried him a bit.
——＞That his hair was turning gray wrried him a bit.
2.whether引导的主语从句原为一般疑问句（if不能引导主语从句）。whether 后面可以加r nt,
例如：
Did I knw Jhn? It desn’t matter.
－＞Did I knw Jhn?（改为陈述句去问号）（ I t去掉） desn’t matter.
－＞加上Whether I knew Jhn desn’t matter.
－＞Whether I knew Jhn desn’t matter.
主语从句
我是否认识约翰没有关系。
Whether r nt she’ll cme isn’t clear.= Whether she’ll cme r nt isn’t clear.
Whether he will be sentenced t death remains t be seen.
3.疑问词引导的主语从句为特殊疑问句，疑问词为连接词
What d I want t knw? It is where he has gne fr his weekend.
－＞What d I want t knw（改为陈述句去问号）（It去掉）is where he has gne fr his weekend.
－＞What I want t knw is where he has
主语从句
gne fr his weekend.
Whse fault this is is nt imprtant
Wh will becme the mnitr desn’t matter much t us.（疑问词作主语，语序不变。）
What she meant wasn’t very clear
Where he went fr his weekend is nt knwn.
Whever cmes t the club is welcme.
Whatever is wrth ding at all is wrth ding well.
Whsever bk is verdue will be fined.
4.主语从句多用it 作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面。
That her hair was turning gray wrried her a bit.
=It wrried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.
Whether I knew Jhn desn’t matter.
= It desn’t matter whether I knew Jhn.
Whether she’ll cme r nt isn’t clear.= It isn’t clear whether she’ll cme r nt
注：当what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语
例如:What he wants is a bk.
他想要的是本书。
错:It is a bk what he wants.
当what引导的主语从句表示“特点”时，可以用it作形式主语
What she meant wasn’t very clear
=It wasn’t very clear what she meant.
it 作形式主语常见句型
（1）It+be+形容词(astnishing, surprising, interesting; gd, funny, certain, unlikely， likely, pssible, prbable, strange; natural, essential，bvius; true; gd; wnderful; quite; unusual; evident; wrth-while;)+that主语从句。如：
It is dubtful whether she will be able t cme.
It was really astnishing that he refused t talk t yu .
It is essential that he shuld be here by the weekend .
It seems bvius that we can nt g n like this.
（2）It+be+名词词组(n wnder ，cmmn knwledge， a questin，a fact， gd news, an hnur, a gd thing, n surprise,a pity, etc.)+that主语从句。
It is cmmn knwledge that the whale is nt a fish.
(3) It is +过去分词said ，reprted，knwn; estimated; expected; believed; thught; hped; nted; discussed; decided; suggested; demanded; required; made clear; fund ut.+主语从句
It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years ld.
It has nt been made clear when the new rad is t be pened t traffic.
(4)It+动词 + 较短宾语+主语从句
It ccurred/happened t/hit her that she had frgtten t take her ntebk.
It shcked me that Peter did nt tell anybdy where he was.
It appeared/seemed t me that he enjyed the fd very much.
It des nt interest me whether yu g r nt.
(5)It+seem, happen等+that主语从句。如：
It seems that Alice is nt cming t the party at all.Alice
It happened that I was ut that day.
(6)It+desn’t matter (makes n difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：
It desn’t matter wh will be the mnitr.
It makes n difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
二、宾语从句
宾语从句用在谓语动词、动词不定式、分词、动名词、介词及有些形容词之后。
1.that 引导的宾语从句原为陈述句，that 无意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
例如:
We didn’t knw it Yu had sld yur huse.
－＞We didn’t knw（ it去掉加上that也可省略 ）Yu had sld yur huse.
－＞We didn’t knw (that) yu had sld yur huse. 宾语从句
James said (that) he was feeling better.I suggested that we shuld g hme.
Hearing that his sn was badly wunded, he hurried t the hspital t see him.
2.whether/if (是否)引导的宾语从句为一般疑问句：既可以用whether, 也可以用if 引导
在whether 后面常加r nt;
He asked me it. Did I knw Jhn?
－＞He asked me （加if/whether去it Did ）I （knw变为过去式）Jhn（去?）
－＞He asked me if/whether I knew Jhn.
She asked me whether/if yu were married.
We haven’t decided whether/if we shall give them aid.
Let me knw whether yu can cme r nt.
It all depends n whether we can get their cperatin.这完全取决于我们是否能得到他们的合作。
I wrry abut whether I hurt her feelings.
注： 以下情况通常要用 whether 而不用 if：
① 引导宾语从句置于句首或作主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句时
Whether he has left, I can’t say.
Whether he will cme is still a questin.
The questin is whether we shuld g n with the wrk.
The questin whether we need it has nt been cnsidered.
② 用于不定式之前：
I’m nt sure whether t stay r leave.我不知是留还是去。
I didn’t knw whether t laugh r t cry.我真是哭笑不得。
③用于介词之后：
It depends n whether the letter arrives in time.这取决于信是否来得及时。
I wrry abut whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。
④与 r nt 连用时：
I will write t yu whether r nt I can cme.我能不能来，我将写信告诉你。
⑤ 若条件状语从句，则只能用 if(意为“如果”)。
⑥当引导一个否定的宾语从句，通常用 if 而不用 whether：
I dn’t care if it desn’t rain.我不在乎天是否下雨。
3.疑问词引导的宾语从句
D yu knw it? whm are they lking fr？
D yu knw(去it? )whm （they are变陈述句）lking fr?
－＞D yu knw whm they are lking fr?
Can yu tell me when the train will arrive? I dn’t knw why he hasn’t cme yet.
He didn’t tell me what yu were ding.I dn’t knw where he is nw.
I dn’t knw wh did it.（疑问词作主语，语序不变。）
They ate whatever they culd find the deserted island.
I'll take whichever bk interests me.
注：whever在宾语从句中作主语，whmever作宾语从句中宾语。
Yu may ffer he bk t whever wants it.（此句中不能使用whmever，）
Yu may ffer the bk t whmever yu like.（whmever在宾语从句中作yu like的宾语）
4.否定前移：在think, believe, suppse, expect 等的宾语从句中，要将think 等词变为否定形式。
I think.we aren't ging uting tmrrw.
I dn’t think we are ging uting tmrrw.
5 it形式宾语代替宾语从句 在动词make, find, see, hear, feel, think, cnsider, regard, take….fr granted等后面经常用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句末。
He made it clear that he ppsed this prject.
They kept it quiet that he was dead.
I tk it fr granted that yu’d stay with us.
6.少数动词(如like, lve, enjy, dislike, hate, appreciate)及带介词的动词短语(如see t, depend n、rely n ,cunt n,rest n)后接宾语从句,必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句.
1) I like (enjy, hate…) it when….
2.)I wuld appreciate it if…
3.) …see t (depend n…) it that…
Yu may rely n it that I shall help yu.
7.连词that引导的名词性从句一般不作介词的宾语，但可用在except, but, besides后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：
He is a gd student except that he is careless.
Yu may rely n it that I shall help yu.
另外 ，介词后宾语从句也不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：
Are yu srry fr what yu've dne?你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？
8.形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句
常见的形容词 afraid, amazed, anxius, aware,cnfident, certain,cnvinced,dubtful,disappinted,glad, happy, psitive,pleased, satisfied,srry, sure, surprised wrried等，连词that可省略。
如：
Mther was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
I am sure/certain that he’s at hme nw.He became angry that yu made the same mistake.
He remains cnfident that he will win. She is aware that I can’t help her.
He appeared/seemed surprised that I said “n”
We were rather disappinted that yu were nt able t cme yesterday.
I am a bit wrried that she will nt be able t make it.
9.that 与 whether (if)的用法区别
区别是：that 表示一种肯定、明确的概念，而 whether (if) 则表示一种不肯定、不明确的概念。例如：
(1)______ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is nt knwn yet.
A.That B.If C.Whether D.Whenever
(2)______ we’ll g camping tmrrw depends n the weather.
A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where
10.动词 dubt后接宾语从句时，肯定句通常要用 whether (if) 来引导，；但是如果它用于否定式，其后的宾语从句则要通常用 that 来引导，因为 nt dubt 表示“不怀疑”，其意是肯定的、明确的。如：
I dubt if [whether] he’ll cme.我拿不准他是否会来。
I dn’t dubt that he will succeed.我敢肯定他会成功。
D yu dubt that he will win? 你不相信他会赢吗?
I have n dubt that it is true.我敢肯定这是真的
There is sme dubt whether he will cme t help us.他是否会来帮助我们还有些疑虑。
注： be sure后名词性从句用that引导，而 be nt sure 后的从句则通常用whether / if 来引导：
I’m sure that he is hnest.我肯定他是诚实的。
I’m nt sure whether (if) he is hnest.我不敢肯定他是否诚实。
三、表语从句
表语从句 位于主句的连系动词之后
1.that引导的表语从句原为陈述句，that无意义，不能省略
My pinin is it.Things will imprve.
－＞My pinin is that things will imprve.
表语从句
One advantage f slar energy is that it will never run ut.
The fact is that he didn’t ntice the car until t late.
All I can say is that I have nthing t d with it
The truth is that he didn’t really try.
What surprised me was that he spke English s well.
2.Whether引导的表语从句原为一般疑问句
The questin is it. The Gd really exists.
－＞The questin is whether the Gd really exists.
3.疑问词引导的表语从句为特殊疑问句，疑问词为连接词
The prblem is it.
Wh is t pay and when we can start.
－＞The prblem is wh is t pay and when we can start.
That’s nt what I want.That’s why I have cme.
That is why she had a day ff yesterday.。
What I want t knw is where we shall g and whether she will jin us.
4.区别 “That is why...”与“That is the reasn why...”
“That is why...” 意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”，“而That is the reasn why...”是—个定语从句， the reasn去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样，
That is why yu see this ld wman befre yu knw, Jeanne.
That is why I came.这就是我来的原因。
That is (the reasn) why I cannt agree.这就是我不能同意的理由。
注意 The reasn is that表语从句
The reasn is ____ he is unable t perate the machine.
A.because B.why C.that D.whether
5 because也可用来引导表语从句。
“That is because...” 意为“这就是因为……”。指原因或理由，
“That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，例如：
He did nt see the film last night.That is because he had t help his little sister with her hmewrk.
He had seen the film befre.That is why he did nt see it last night.
6.as if, as thugh引导的表语从句（常用虚拟语气）。
It lks as if it's ging t rain.
He lks as if he were angry.（虚拟语气）
It lked as if it was/were ging t rain.
She seems as if she had dne
She seems as if she had dne a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事。
四、同位语从句
同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体、详细的说明。接同位语从句的名词有belief,dubt,fear,fact,idea,hpe,news,rder,prmise,prpsal,pssibility,questin, suggestin, truth,thught,wrd,等。
1.that引导的同位语从句原为陈述句，that无意义，不能省略
The news itself tk the whle wrld by surprise
The United States was hit by terrrist attacks陈述句
－＞The news(去 itself 加that) the United States was hit by terrrist attacks tk the whle wrld by surprise.
－＞The news that the United States was hit by terrrist attacks tk the whle wrld by surprise.
The idea that yu can d this wrk well withut thinking is quite wrng.
Peple used t hld the belief that the earth was the center f the universe.
The difficulty lies in the fact that we are shrt f mney.
注意：当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。
Wrd came that Mr President wuld cme and inspect urschl himself.
2.Whether引导的同位语从句原为一般疑问句
The prblem itself puzzles us.
Can he cme? 一般疑问句
－＞The prblem（去itself加whether）（can he变陈述句）cme puzzles us.
－＞The prblem whether he can cme puzzles us.同位语从句
3.疑问词引导的同位语从句原为特殊疑问句，疑问词为连接词
They have n idea tself.
Where has he gne？
－＞They have n idea（去itself）where he has变陈述句 gne.
－＞They have n idea where he has gne.
同位语从句
4.同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别
A 同位语从句前的名词有一定内涵.而定语从句修饰的可以是名词,代词或是整个主句.
The pssibility that the majrity f the labur frce will wrk at hme is ften discussed.同位语从句
We are nt lking int the questin whether he is wrth trusting.同位语从句
Wrd came that he had been abrad.
同位语从句
Our team has wn the game, which made us very happy.定语从句
The dctr whm yu are lking fr is in the rm. 定语从句
His mther did all she culd t help him with his study. 定语从句
B.同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,
The news that he tld me yesterday was true.
The news that ur team has wn the game was true.
I made a prmise that if anyne set me free I wuld make him very rich.
The mther made a prmise that pleased all her children.
C.引导词的区别
hw, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句,
在同位语从句中that只是引导词,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替，
that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略,
That questin whether we need it has nt been cnsidered.
I have n idea what has happened t him.
N ne is happy with the fact that he will becme their bss.
N ne is happy with the fact that he fund ut.
The rder that we shuld send a few peple t help the ther grups was
received yesterday.
The rder that we received yesterday was that we shuld send a few peple
t help the ther grups.
注意:
在名词与从句之间加系动词be,句子通顺，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。
例如：The reprt that he was ging t resign was false.
因为the reprt was that he was ging t resign 句意通顺，所以例句是同位语从句。
例1）Infrmatin has been put frward __B__ mre middle schl graduates will
be admitted int universities.
A.while B.that C.when D.as
例2）It is said that mre middle schl graduates will be admitted int universities,this is the infrmatin __B__ has been put frward.
A.what B.that C.when D.as
例3）She heard a terrible nise,_B___ brught her heart int her muth.
A.it B.which C.this D.that
例4）I can't stand the terrible nise __D__ she is crying ludly.
A.it B.which C.this D.that
5.同位语从句前名词的数
同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（wrd除外）加以修饰。
Where did yu get the idea that I culd nt cme？ 你在哪儿听说我不能来？
Give me yur prmise that yu will cme t ur party this evening.
Wrd came that China launched its first manned spaceship n Oct 15，2003.
五、what 从句的小结
What从句可作主语、宾语，表语或同位语，或用作插入语
what 意思是“所….的事/物”, 相当于the thing(s) that…, all that, anything that, that which…, 或thse which…可以用于以下情况：
①引导主语从句
What she saw frightened her.=All that she saw frightened her.
What was nce regarded as impssible has nw becme a reality.
What will be will be.要发生的事总是要发生的。（谚语）
What is gne is gne.过去的事就过去了。
What we can’t get seems better than what we have.
②引导表语从句。如：
That’s what I hpe.
I shuld like t be a teacher.That’s what I want t be.
Times are nt what they used t be.
He’s nt what he was a few years ag.
③引导宾语从句，包括介词宾语。
Tm thught what a beautiful girl Mary was.
Well, I’ll d what I can.
I can’t d what yu’ve just asked f me.
And having gt what he wanted, he tk his hat and went away.
She was nt happy at what he had said.
The city is different frm what it was ten years ag.。
It was a small place then cmpared t what it is nw.
I dn’t care abut mney r what peple call psitin.
Philip was depressed by what he had gne thrugh.
They paid fifty percent f what they were able t earn t the state.
④引导同位语从句。
I have n idea what he is ding.
⑤用作插入语
指代后面的成分。这和非限定性定语从句正好相反，非限定性定语从句指代的是前面的成分。如：
It is a useful bk, and, what is mre, nt an expensive ne.
He went t the meeting and, what was wrse, insisted n speaking.
He’s an interesting speaker, and, what is mre imprtant, he knws his subject thrughly.
Then I discvered, what was news t me, that his wife was Mary’s niece.
He never jined in the usual sprts f the bys, and, what is remarkable更奇怪的是, never went ut in a bat n the river.
六、疑问词+ever引导的从句
1.疑问词+ever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而n matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句,“不管什么…”。注意状语从句的语序。如：
I will never believe whatever he says.
宾语从句
Whatever he says, I will never believe him.
状语从句
=N matter what he says, I will never believe him.状语从句
2.wh与 whever的区别
wh是“谁”的意思，表示具有疑问，
whever 相当于anyne wh“无论谁”
Whever leaves the rm last ught t turn ff the lights.
Can yu tell me wh that gentleman is?
3.whatever =anything that凡是...，无论什么；whichever = anything that无论那一个, 任何一个；
whever = anyne wh任何人, 无论谁；
whmever = anyne whm （whever的宾格形式）。
七、区分it 作形式主语与强调句及as引导非限制性定语从句
强调句句型It is/was+被强调部分+that, 去掉It is/was, that，句子仍然成立。
It is nly lately that he had had a family himself.强调句
What was it that he wanted?
I dn’t knw what it was that he wanted.
It was in the htel where he stayed that we discussed the serius prblem
It is natural that they shuld have different views.主语从句
It is knwn t all that the earth is rund.
What is knwn t all is that the earth is rund.
As is knwn t all,the earth is rund.
非限制性定语从句