16 选择性必修四 Unit 5语法：语法精讲精练--复习长难句（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019）

这是一份16 选择性必修四 Unit 5语法：语法精讲精练--复习长难句（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019），文件包含16选择性必修四Unit5语法语法精讲精练--复习长难句原卷版2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx、16选择性必修四Unit5语法语法精讲精练--复习长难句解析版2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共26页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、长难句语法图解
厘清句子主干
英语中各种各样的句子都是由五种基本句型演变而来的。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
1. 主语＋谓语(不及物动词)
特点：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
The sun set.
太阳下山了。
What he said des nt matter.
他所说的不重要。
2. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语
特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语(即动作的承受者)才能使意思完整。
He enjys reading.
他喜欢阅读。
They ate what was left ver.
他们吃的是剩饭。
He said, “Gd mrning.”
他说：“早上好。”
3. 主语＋系动词＋表语
特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
系动词分两类：一类表状态，如be, lk, keep, smell等；另一类表变化，如get, grw, becme, turn, fall等。be本身没有什么意义，只起连接主语和表语的作用。其他系动词仍保持其部分词义。
This is an English­Chinese dictinary.
这是一本英汉词典。
The dinner smells gd.
这饭闻起来味道不错。
4. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
特点：谓语动词后接两个宾语，其中一个宾语是动作的直接承受者，另一个宾语则是动作的间接承受者。通常，动词与间接承受者之间需要用一个介词来连接。当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，介词往往被省略。
She rdered herself a new dress.
她给自己定了一条新裙子。
She cked her husband a delicius meal.
她给她丈夫做了一顿美味的饭菜。
5. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾补
特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。
We saw him ut.
我们看见他出去了。
He asked me t cme back sn.
他让我马上回来。
I saw them getting n the bus.
我看见他们正在上公共汽车。
II.辨析句子枝叶
如果把句子的主干(五种基本句型)比作树干，那么修饰成分就可以比作繁茂的枝叶。若能理清这些枝叶(三长两短一并列)，主干自然就清晰了。那么，理解整个句子就会很轻松。
(一)理解什么是“三长两短一并列”
1. “三长”就是构成长难句的三种较长的修饰成分(即介词短语、从句、非谓语动词短语)。
2. “两短”，指的是镶嵌于句子之中、会稍稍提高句子复杂度的两种较短的修饰成分(即形容词和副词)。
3. “一并列”是指由一些并列关系的连词(and, r, as well as等)将句子连接起来构成的结构。
无论多长的句子，都是在“句子主干”中加入“三长两短一并列”的某些部分，才构成了看似复杂的长难句。
(二)如何给“三长两短一并列”做标记
“三长”加括号；“并列词”加方框；“并列项”下画波浪线。
1. “三长”
(1)介词短语：从介词开始到名词结束，表达一个独立的完整含义的结构。
标记介词短语时，要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止。如：at hme, in the schl, in the beautiful park, during my happy childhd, ver the last few years, fr three weeks, t the destinatin等。
(After chatting) (with Laura) (n this matter) (fr tw hurs) (frm 2：00 t 4：00) (in the afternn), I returned (t my ffice).
从下午2点到4点和劳拉就这个问题谈论了2个小时之后，我回到了我的办公室。
(2)从句：从句在复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分等完整的句子结构，由that, wh, whm, when, why, where, hw, which, if, althugh等引导词引导。
标记从句时，一定从引导词开始，到以下四种情况终止。
①到句尾终止。
Li Hui is a teacher (wh teaches English).
李慧是一位教英语的老师。
②到句中的逗号终止。
(When I was yung), I listened t the radi.
当我年轻时，我听收音机。
③到下一个修饰成分终止。
I will invite him(wh is a tp basketball player) t Beijing.
我将邀请这位顶级的篮球运动员到北京。
④到主句谓语动词终止。
He (wh is a tp basketball player) is studying in Shanghai.
这位顶级的篮球运动员正在上海学习。
(3)非谓语动词(短语)：非谓语动词(短语)是指动词在句子中“不是谓语”时的几种变化形式，主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)三类。
非谓语动词不能独立作谓语，而是充当句子的其他成分。由非谓语动词开头，表示一个独立、完整含义的结构叫作非谓语动词短语。
标记非谓语动词短语时，一定是从动词不定式(t d)、动名词(ding)或分词(现在分词ding或过去分词dne)开头，到以下四种情况终止。
①到句尾终止。
Mary is a teacher (teaching Chinese).
玛丽是一名教汉语的老师。
②到句中的逗号终止。
(T imprve my English), I ften listen t English n the BBC.
为了提高我的英语水平，我经常在BBC上听英语。
③到下一个修饰成分终止。
Jack walked int the hall, (waving) t the audience. (t the audience是介词短语，属于另一个修饰成分)
杰克向观众挥着手走进大厅。
④到句子的谓语动词终止。
We, (singing a happy sng), rde t schl.
我们唱着快乐的歌骑车到学校。
2. “两短”
(1)形容词：形容词是指用来修饰名词的单词，往往带有­us, ­y, ­ful, ­able等后缀。
①一般置于名词之前。如：a beautiful park一个漂亮的公园
②修饰不定代词(smething, anything, nthing, smebdy, anybdy, nbdy)时置于不定代词之后，如：“一件有趣的事”应译为smething interesting。
(2)副词：副词用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词等，往往带有­ly等后缀。
英语中，副词的用法比形容词灵活得多。
①可置于整句之前。
Unfrtunately, he failed t make it.
不幸的是，这事他没办成。
②可置于整句之后。
The teacher greets his students individually.
老师分别给他的学生们打招呼。
③可置于助动词、系动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。
The princess lks extremely beautiful tday.
公主今天看起来特别漂亮。(系动词之后)
He immediately saw the black cat.
他立刻看到了那只黑猫。(实义动词之前)
He has undubtedly fallen in lve with the princess.
他无疑已经爱上了这位公主。(助动词之后，实义动词之前)
He can hardly speak anything.
他简直什么都说不出来。(情态动词之后，实义动词之前)
④可置于形容词或副词之前。
There is an extremely big garden in ur campus.
在我们校园里有一个特别大的花园。(形容词之前)
The girl dances very well.
这个女孩跳舞非常好。(副词之前)
形容词和副词在英文句子中的位置虽然和在中文句子中略有不同，但一般情况下，它们较短，且易于辨识，对句意理解的影响不大，因此在标记修饰成分时，形容词和副词可不做标记。
3. “一并列”
“一并列”即平行并列结构，是指由并列词将两个或两个以上含义相似、结构相同的并列项连接起来构成的结构。给平行并列结构做标记的要求是：给并列词加方框，给并列项加下划线。标记时要先找到并列词，然后再找并列项。在标注形如“A and B”的平行并列结构时，应先找B(即右并列项)后找A(即左并列项)。由于英语中的修饰成分往往置于中心词之后，所以A和B两个并列项后面可能各自带有很长的“尾巴”，形成“A ... and B ...”的形式，导致A离and相对较远，不易确认，而B通常离and很近，容易识别。找到B之后，利用A和B结构相同、含义相似的原则，很容易将A确定。
【名师点津】
英语中可以并列的成分有很多，读句子时要注意识别到底是谁跟谁并列。
(1)名词并列
I like the bx placed n the desk eq \x(and) the flwers in yur hand.
我喜欢摆放在桌子上的盒子和你手里的鲜花。
(2)形容词并列
Mr Smith is a kind, patient eq \x(and) knwledgeable English teacher.
史密斯先生是一位和蔼、耐心、知识渊博的英语老师。
(3)副词并列
Yu are suppsed t answer the fllwing questins quickly eq \x(and) accurately.
你需要快速、准确地回答下列问题。
(4)谓语动词并列
With the Internet, peple can play cmputer games eq \x(and) d nline shpping.
有了互联网，人们不仅能玩电脑游戏，而且能网上购物。
(5)介词短语并列
The gvernment f the peple, by the peple, eq \x(and) fr the peple shall nt perish frm the earth.
民有、民治、民享的政府是不会从地球上消亡的。
(6)从句并列
I’ve finished reading the bk which is written by Lu Xun eq \x(and) which yu lent me last mnth.
我读完了你上个月借给我的鲁迅写的那本书。
(7)非谓语动词并列
Singing eq \x(and) laughing, we headed t the park.
唱着笑着，我们向公园走去。
(8)整句并列
The children can g with us eq \x(r) they can stay at hme.
这些孩子可以跟我们一起去，也可以待在家里。
【即学即练】
分析下面句子
In 1870, when Dickens died, the wrld murned him as its first prfessinal writer and publisher, famus and belved, wh had led an explsin in bth the publicatin f nvels and their readership and whse characters — frm Oliver Twist t Tiny Tim—were held up as mral tuchstnes.
提主干：主干句为the wrld murned him；
去枝叶：主句前的In 1870和when Dickens died为时间状语和时间状语从句；
as its first prfessinal writer and publisher为介词短语作状语；
famus and belved为形容词作定语；
寻关联：wh had led ... and whse characters ...为两个并列的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词writer and publisher。
二、单句语法填空：
1. It is said that the __________ (wl) sweaters prduced in Australia are f high quality.
2. Men and wmen must be treated equally in educatin and __________ (emply).
3. What d yu think f yur __________ (prficient) in written and spken English?
4. The cmmittee has versight f __________ (financial) and general plicy.
5. As an emplyer, financial security was high n his list f __________ (prir).
6. Having read the bk, she was able t pass n the __________ (acquire) knwledge t the students.
7. The newly licensed driver shuld be under the __________ (supervise) f the ld driver when getting n the highway.
8. The __________ (accuse) man was judged guilty in spite f his insistence n his inncence.
9. The __________ (receptin) answered my call and made an appintment with the dctr.
10. He expected the students t study hard, make prgress every day, and be well­prepared t jin the __________ (scial) cause.
11. Last mnth he suffered a heart attack. But nw he seems t __________ (bunce) back.
12. Anyne having difficulty in __________ (assemble) the machine may have the advice f ur experts.
13. She was slender, with delicate __________ (wrist) and ankles.
14. He shws a great aptitude __________ painting.
15. Pictures abut life that are hard __________ (categry) are here.
16. The real secret t prgramming isn’t simply __________ (cde) instructins.
17. The firm wuld prbably emply __________ (detect) t watch him.
18. She had a feeling that she was being watched, and __________ (spy) n.
19. She wrks as an __________ (accunt) in a big cmpany and deals with figures every day.
20. Yu can put the bks in the appinted place, and ther __________ (participant) can have free access t them.
21. Any emergency culd frce her __________ debt.
22. And these characteristics can be used __________ (categrise) the different artistic styles.
23. The engineer was an eager __________ (participate) in technical c­peratin.
24. She amused herself by reading __________ (detect) stries.
25. Dn’t mind me. I’m nt here __________ (spy).
26. The summit was t mark the 25th anniversary f President Nixn’s jurney t China, __________ was the turning pint in China-US relatins.
27. Many f the prblems are f cllege level and these pupils can figure __________ ut.
28. Rising thrugh the rf is the Twer f the Sun, inside which __________ (stand) a 160-ft-tall Tree f Life.
29. The present questin is that many peple cnsider impssible __________ is really pssible if effrt is made.
30. Hary als studying bilgy said they wanted t make as much nise __________ pssible t frce the gvernment fficials t realize what everybdy was having t stand.
31. Freed frm TV, __________ (frce) t find their wn activities, they might take a ride tgether t watch the sunset.
32. I __________ (g) arund t the frnt f the huse, sat dwn n the steps, and, the crying ver, I ached. And my father must have hurt, t, a little.
33. It cvered the whle distance frm brken-hearted misery t bursting __________ (happy)—t fast.
34. Still, he culd nt help __________ (think) that if anything shuld happen, the nearest persn he cntacted by radi, unless there was a ship nearby, wuld be n an island 885 miles away.
35. After all, eighty was a special birthday, anther decade lived r endured, just as yu chse __________ (lk) at it.
36. News reprts say peace talks __________ the tw cuntries have brken dwn with n agreement reached.
37. The ld cuple have been married fr 40 years and __________ nce have they quarreled with each ther.
38. After all, Ed’s idea f exercise has always been __________ (thing) mre effrt-making than lifting a frk t his muth.
39. __________ a result, at the pint in ur game when I’d have figured n (predicted) the scre t be abut 9 t 1 in my favr, it was instead 7 t 9-and Ed was leading.
40. S when Ed arrived fr ur game nt nly with the bttm f his shirt gathered inside his trusers but als with a stmach yu culd hardly ntice, I was s surprised that I was speechless, my cusin must have made an effrt t get himself __________ shape.
41. In a way, I think we bth __________ (win): I the game, but cusin Ed my respect.
42. It is said in Australia there is mre land than the gvernment knws __________ t d with it.
43. The research is s designed __________ nce begun nthing can be dne t change it.
44. The mther didn’t knw whm was __________ (blame) fr the brken glass as it happened while she was ut.
45. When I was in the army I received an __________ (intelligent) test that all sldiers tk, and, against an average f 100, scred 160.
46. Research __________ (shw) that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
47. Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, the __________ (cntinue) crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing.
48. If yu’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the nly thing always gets everyne t talk again is __________ (give) the hst a cmpliment.
49. It’s the seaside birds __________ deserve at least part f the blame fr getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmnt Empress Htel in Victria, Canada.
50. In all, 80 examinatins __________ (cnduct) fr the prject between January and September, 2019, fcusing n the imaging prcedures that wuld cause anxieties 201919.
【答案】
1. wlen 2. emplyment 3. prficiency 4. finance 5. pririties 6. acquired 7. supervisin 8. accused 9. receptinist 10. scialist 11. have bunced 12. assembling 13. wrists 14. fr 15. t categrise 16. cding 17. detectives 18. spied 19. accuntant 20. participants 21. int 22. t categrise 23. participant 24. detective 25. t spy 26. which 27. them 28. stands 29. what 30. as 31. frced 32. went 33. happiness 34. thinking 35. t lk 36. between 37. never 38. nthing 39. As 40. int 41. wn 42. what 43. that 44. t blame 45. intelligence 46. shws 47. cntinuus 48. t give 49. that 50. were cnducted
三、高考真题回顾：
1. (2023·全国I卷) Shanghai may be the __________ (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng ha’s birthplace.
2. (2023·全国I卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them __________ (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut allwing them tearing r spilling any f their cntents.
3. (2023·全国甲卷) “There was nce a twn in the heart f America, where all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with is surrundings,” her fable begins, __________ (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
4. (2023·全国乙卷) __________ (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I was amazed by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
5. (2023·全国乙卷) The remarkable develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, __________ (mean) there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
6. (2022·全国I卷) The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that __________ (be) previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity t increase effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
7. (2022·全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin __________ (hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.
8. (2022·全国乙卷) Having visited several times ver the last 10 years, I __________ (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
9. (2022·浙江卷1月) Travelling t cnferences, lectures, wrkshps, and the like frequently by plane __________ (view) as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin.
10. (2022·浙江卷1月) But Cbb and thers __________ (be) nw questining that idea pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely, and changing their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
11. (2021·全国甲卷) After __________ (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what better than t ride n a piece f histry!
12. (2021·浙江卷6月) It desn’t impress like Gerge Washingtn’s plantatin n the Ptmac, but Lincln’s hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, __________ (prve) irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the public.
13. (2020·新高考全国I卷) As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in histry r __________ (walk) thrugh a rainfrest.
14. (2020·全国II卷) Because the number f pssible tpics __________ (be) practically limitless, we fcus n a sample f the mst interesting and useful applicatins and tls and explain the basic principles f technlgy.
【答案与解析】
1.【解析】考查非谓语动词。空格在名词hme前面作定语，recgnize与hme是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recgnized作定语，recgnized“被公认的”，也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recgnized。
2.【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据搭配allw sb. t d sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift ut与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式。故填t be lifted。
3.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词begins，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与brrw之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填brrwing。
4.【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句中时间状语来判断，应用完成时形式。另外，这里是非谓语做状语，表示主语的另一个动作，但这个动作发生在谓语动词之前，故用-ing完成式。故填having visited。
5.【解析】考查动词时态。句子主语是The remarkable develpment，单数名词，另外句中时态是一般现在时。故填means。
6.【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number f areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previusly (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。
7.【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词要用非谓语动词形式。hld和the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词-ed形式作定语。故填held。
8.【解析】考查语态。根据空后的by可知，此处用被动形式。另外从后面的时态来看，用一般过去时。故填was amazed。
9.【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构来判断，句子中是一个动名词做主语，一般判断为单数。根据全文时态看，这里用一般现在时或现在完成时均可。故填is viewed / has been viewed。
10.【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句中主语是Cbb and thers，为复数。另外，句中有时间状语nw，用现在时，和questining一起构成现在进行时。故填are。
11.【解析】考查非谓语动词。前面的“After”是介词，介词后面用动词-ing形式做宾语。故填spending。
12.【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构分析，第二个分句中的主语是Lincln’s hme，表示单数。
另外句中有since引导的时间状语从句，用完成时。故填has prved。
13.【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构分析，设空处和其前的living一样，做动词的宾语。故填walking。
14.【解析】考查主谓一致。“the number f+可数名词的复数”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式，由于时态是一般现在时，所以填is。
四、语篇语法填空：
(1)
Twenty­five years ag, mst yung British peple wanted a career in law, t be a dctr, r t take up singing. But tday, things stand 1 (different).
Accrding t a recent survey, the “dream jb” f yung peple aged between 16 and 25 in the UK is a vide blgger, r “vlgger (视频博主)”. The survey, 2 (carry) ut amng 1,002 peple, fund that ver 40% f them put vlgger as their number ne chice n a list f dream 3 (career).
The change is largely due t the rapid develpment f infrmatin technlgy (IT). The Internet and scial media have made it easier and 4 (cnvenience) t reach the glbal audience, withut having t enter a career in shw business in the traditinal way.
“In the past, the biggest stars 5 (make) by the Hllywd studis; nw, anyne with a cmputer camera may becme a star,” said Phil Samuels, 6 expert frm the UK. “Frm fashin 7 cmedy, these self­made stars interact (互动) nline with their fans abut everyday life.”
Hwever, what peple see 8 (be) nly the bright side f being a vlgger and they ignre the fact that nly thse wh are successful can gain fame and frtune. Actually, fr every success there are a hundred thers 9 never get ff the starting blck. This is why sme yung peple still shw 10 (prefer) fr traditinal jbs.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。你的理想职业是什么？25年前，不少英国年轻人的答案或许会是律师、医生或歌手。而如今的英国年轻人却不这么想……
1. differently 考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词stand，应用different的副词形式。故填differently。
2. carried 考查非谓语动词。carried ut amng 1,002 peple是过去分词短语在句中作定语，修饰The survey，分词动作carry ut与逻辑主语The survey之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。故填carried。
3. careers 考查名词的数。a list f后接可数名词时，名词应用复数形式。故填careers。
4. mre cnvenient 考查形容词的比较级。空处作宾补，应用cnvenience的形容词形式，且根据空前的easier可知，此处应填形容词的比较级形式。故填mre cnvenient。
5. were made 考查动词的时态和语态。主语stars是谓语动词动作make的承受者，应用被动语态；时间状语in the past与一般过去时连用。故填were made。
6. an 考查冠词。菲尔·萨缪尔斯是一位英国专家，且expert的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
7. t 考查介词。frm ... t ...是习惯搭配。故填t。
8. is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。这里说的是一般性事实，应用一般现在时；主语从句what peple see是单数概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is。
9. wh/that 考查定语从句。关系代词wh或that指代先行词a hundred thers，引导定语从句，指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh或that引导此从句。故填wh/that。
10. preference 考查名词。空处作shw的宾语，应用prefer的名词形式。故填preference。
(2)
Scientists say they have develped a system that uses machine learning t predict when and where lightning 1 (strike). Researchers reprt the system is able t predict lightning strikes up t 30 minutes 2 they happen within a 30­kilmetre area.
Lightning is a strng burst f electricity in the atmsphere. It is ne f the 3 (ld) bserved weather events n Earth. It can strike between cluds r between a clud and the grund. Since lightning carries an 4 (extreme) pwerful electrical charge, it can be destructive and deadly.
5 is difficult t knw exactly hw many peple die f lightning­related causes. Eurpean 6 (researcher) have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 peple are killed by lightning wrldwide each year. The strikes can als cause pwer utages, destry prperty, damage electrical equipment and start frest fires.
Fr this reasn, climate scientists have lng sught t develp methds 7 (predict) and cntrl lightning. But, s far n system 8 (create) t effectively predict r stp lightning.
The system tested in the experiments uses a 9 (cmbine) f data frm weather statins and machine learning methds. The researchers develped a predictin mdel 10 was trained t recgnise weather cnditins that were likely t cause lightning.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。科学家声称他们已经研究出一种能够预测闪电的系统。
1. will strike 考查动词的时态。既然是预测，那自然是将要发生的闪电，因此用一般将来时。故填will strike。
2. befre 考查连词。根据句中的predict可知，预测闪电应该是在闪电发生之前，因此这里用befre引导时间状语从句。故填befre。
3. ldest 考查形容词的最高级。ne f后面通常跟“形容词最高级＋名词复数”。故填ldest。
4. extremely 考查副词。空格处修饰形容词pwerful，应用extreme的副词形式。故填extremely。
5. It 考查代词。本句中It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语；位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填It。
6. researchers 考查名词的数。根据空格后的“have estimated”可知，此处填名词的复数形式。故填researchers。
7. t predict 考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t predict。
8. has been created 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语s far可知，本句应该用现在完成时；根据语境可知，这里要用被动语态，且主语n system为名词单数，助动词用has。故填has been created。
9. cmbinatin 考查名词。根据空格前的a可知，此处应用cmbine的名词形式。故填cmbinatin。
10. which 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a predictin mdel，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句；因为后半句中已有一个由that引导的定语从句，所以此处用which。故填which。
(3)
If yu make a career chice while yu are still in high schl, yu 1 (save) time and mney in the lng run. Students wh d nt plan ahead may delay 2 (start) cllege r take extra curses t give themselves time t make up their 3 (mind). US News & Wrld Reprt says that the average annual tuitin at a fur­year cllege is $35,000. If yu spend 4 extra year in schl, yu may have t take ut additinal lans r pay extra mney t cver the cst.
5 (chse) a career while yu are in high schl als gives yu time t explre yur chsen industry. If yu find a career 6 sunds interesting, yu can fllw smene in the field and see what it is 7 (real) like t have that jb. Yu can als apply 8 a chance t get an infrmal psitin related t yur desired industry. This will help yu build a prfessinal netwrk even befre yu graduate frm high schl. Prfessinal cntacts are very 9 (value), especially when yu are lking fr a jb in yur field. If yu d as much as yu can t build a netwrk when yu are ready fr a jb, yu will be mre likely 10 (succeed).
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了高中生职业生涯规划的重要性。
1. will save 考查动词的时态。句意：如果你在上中学时就做好了职业选择，从长远看你将节省时间和金钱。根据句意可知，此处应用一般将来时。故填will save。
2. starting 考查非谓语动词。动词delay后接动名词作宾语。故填starting。
3. minds 考查名词的数。make up ne's mind意为“下决心”，根据their可知，此处用复数形式。故填minds。
4. an 考查冠词。此处表示如果你在学校再度过一年，为泛指，应用不定冠词修饰名词，且extra的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
5. Chsing 考查非谓语动词。此处是动名词作主语；位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Chsing。
6. which/that 考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，先行词为a career，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which或that引导。故填which/that。
7. really 考查副词。此处是副词作状语。故填really。
8. fr 考查介词。apply fr a chance意为“申请一个机会”。故填fr。
9. valuable 考查形容词。根据前面的are可知，此处是形容词作表语。故填valuable。
10. t succeed 考查非谓语动词。be likely t d sth意为“可能做某事”，为固定用法。故填t succeed。
(4)
It’s never t late 1 (make) a big career mve. Yu may currently be at a pint in yur career 2 yu feel stuck, bred, and unmtivated. These culd be signs that yur current jb is nt a gd fit fr yu and that yur skills and passin lay elsewhere. There are many famus peple wh have made surprising career 3 (change). And what this shws is that peple’s success ften depends n 4 (find) the curage t make thse majr career switches. In additin, smetimes yu have t d a jb that is a pr match in rder t figure ut what career is suited t yu instead.
Everyne knws that Girgi Armani is ne f the wrld’s tp fashin designers. But he didn’t 5 (true) start his career in the wrld f fashin. When he was a yung man, he jined the Italian army and 6 (start) wrking at a military hspital in Verna. Armani left the military in 1953 and made a career change. He became a(n) 7 (sell) in a clthing department. By the mid-60s he was designing his wn clthes and in 1975, he set 8 his wn cmpany, Armani. By fllwing his 9 (create) passin and talent, Armani became ne f 10 mst successful fashin designers in the wrld.
Success isn’t defined by what yu’re currently ding.
【解析】这是一篇事理说明文。文章介绍了一个人的职业生涯的重大转变永远不会太迟，职业的成功往往取决于找到做出重大职业转变的勇气。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：职业生涯的重大转变永远不会太迟。分析句子结构可知，it是形式主语，不定式t d是真正的主语，构成It’s never t late t d的习惯搭配。故填t make。
2. 考查定语从句。句意：你现在可能正处于职业生涯的某个阶段，在这个阶段，你会感到停滞不前、无聊和没有动力。分析句子结构可知，a pint 是先行词，它在定语从句“yu feel stuck, bred, and unmtivated”中做状语，所以空格处应填关系副词。如果a pint表示的是地点，就填where；如果表示时间的某个阶段，就填when。故填where或when。
3. 考查名词。句意：有许多名人做出了令人惊讶的职业改变。分析句子结构可知，空格处应该用名词做宾语。定语从句主语wh指代的是many famus peple，是复数，那么宾语也应是复数，与主语在数上保持一致。故填changes。
4. 考查动名词。句意：这表明，人们的成功往往取决于找到做出重大职业转变的勇气。分析句子结构可知，空格处应该是做depends n的宾语。提示词是find，只能是用它的动名词形式做介词n的宾语。故填finding。
5. 考查副词。句意：但他并没有真正地在时尚界开始他的职业生涯。分析句子结构可知，空格处应该用副词做状语修饰谓语动词start。故填truly。
6. 考查时态。句意：当他还是个年轻人的时候，他加入了意大利军队，开始在维罗纳的一家军事医院工作。分析句子结构可知，提示词start是一个动词，它前面是并列连词and，说明start和 jined 是并列关系，也用一般过去时。故填started。
7. 考查名词。句意：他成为了一家服装部门的销售员。分析句子结构可知，空格处前有一个冠词，冠词修饰名词。提示词是sell，它的名词形式有sale，seller两种形式，根据句意，应是成为一个销售人员。故填seller。
8. 考查动词短语。句意：他于1975年成立了自己的公司阿玛尼。根据“his wn cmpany(他自己的公司)”，可推理出空格处应该是“创建自己的公司”。set up表示“建立，创建”。故填up。
9. 考查形容词。句意：依照自己的创造激情和才华，阿玛尼成为了世界上最成功的时装设计师之一。分析句子结构可知，空格处要用形容词作定语修饰passin。提示词create的形容词是creative。故填creative。
10. 考查冠词。句意：阿玛尼成为了世界上最成功的时装设计师之一。此处为固定句型：ne f+形容词最高级+名词复数。故填the。
(5)
A career plan is imprtant because it can prvide a radmap fr yur future, 1 (help) yu make infrmed chices abut yur career gals. Here are the reasns why yu shuld plan yur career right nw.
Yu’ll be in the right directin. N ne is ging t develp yur career fr yu, and a successful career desn’t happen 2 chance. In rder t succeed, yu’ll need t knw where yu want t g. With a career plan in place, yu will be mre likely 3 (take) steps in the right directin. Yu’ll als be less likely t blame external frces when things dn’t wrk ut as 4 (plan). Instead, yu can take a step back, make a curse crrectin and get back n track!
Yu’ll be mre cnfident. If yu dn’t knw 5 yu are ging nw, yu may end up lst r in the wrng place. 6 (similar), if yu dn’t have a clear gal in mind, it’s harder t gain the 7 (cnfident) needed t take advantage f pprtunities when they appear.
Fr example, if yu want t becme a team manager but have n plan t achieve this gal, yu may nt be 8 (prepare) t cmpete with thers fr the jb, 9 , in turn, can be discuraging. Therefre, yu need a plan t give yu 10 sense f purpse in yur daily wrk life. This makes it easier t be internatinal abut yur wrk.
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了为什么要进行职业规划。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：职业规划很重要，因为它可以为你的未来提供一个路线图，帮助你对你的职业目标做出明智的选择。动词help的逻辑主语是前面的句子，两者之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作结果状语，故填helping。
2. 考查介词。句意：没有人会帮你发展你的事业，成功的事业也不是偶然发生的。by chance偶然，固定短语，故填by。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：有了合适的职业规划，你将更有可能朝着正确的方向迈出一步。be likely t d sth可能做某事，故填t take。
4. 考查状语从句的省略。句意：当事情没有按计划进行时，你也不太可能责怪外部力量。此处是as引导的状语从句的省略，主语是things，和动词plan是被动关系，句子是一般现在时，故完整形式是as they are planned，状语从句的主语和前面的句子主语一致，且状语从句含有be动词，可以省略主语和be动词，故填planned。
5. 考查宾语从句。句意：如果你现在不知道怎么走，你可能会迷路或走错地方。结合句意可知，此处指“如果你现在不知道怎么走”，用连接副词hw引导宾语从句，故填hw。
6. 考查副词。句意：同样，如果你心中没有一个明确的目标，当机会出现时，你就很难获得充分利用机会的信心。空处作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，similarly同样地，类似地，副词，首字母应大写，故填Similarly。
7. 考查名词。句意同上。空处应填名词作动词gain的宾语，cnfidence信心，不可数名词，故填cnfidence。
8. 考查形容词。句意：例如，如果你想成为一名团队经理，但没有实现这一目标的计划，你可能没有准备好与他人竞争这份工作，因此，反过来，可能会令人沮丧。空处应填形容词作表语，prepared准备好的，形容词，故填prepared。
9. 考查副词。句意同上。结合句意可知，空前后是因果关系，空后表示结果，作状语，此处应用副词therefre“因此，所以”，故填therefre。
10. 考查冠词。句意：因此，你需要一个计划，让你在日常工作生活中有一种目标感。sense是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，a sense f purpse一种目标感，故填a。