11 必修三 Unit 5 语法：语法精讲精练---情态动词（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019）

这是一份11 必修三 Unit 5 语法：语法精讲精练---情态动词（原卷版+解析版）2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习高效突破（人教版2019），文件包含11必修三Unit5语法语法精讲精练---情态动词原卷版2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx、11必修三Unit5语法语法精讲精练---情态动词解析版2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习高效突破人教版2019docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共24页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、情态动词基本用法
（一）can/culd的用法
1. 表示能力，意为“能，会”，can表示现在的能力，culd表示过去的能力。
Her servant can speak fur kinds f freign languages.
她的仆人会说四种外语。
2. 表示客观可能性。
Anybdy can make mistakes in his lifetime.
任何人在一生中都可能犯错误。
3. 表示请求。在这种语境下，使用culd比用can语气更显委婉客气。culd此时和can没有时间上的差别，它主要用于疑问句，不用于肯定句，因此回答时要改用can。
—Culd I take ut a lan tmrrw?
—Yes, yu can. (N, I’m afraid nt.)
——我明天能取得贷款吗？
——是的，可以。(不，恐怕不行。)
4. 表示推测。can表示理论上存在的可能性；在表示否定的推测时，一般用can’t。
He’s just had his lunch. He can’t be hungry.
他刚吃过午饭，不会饿的。
（二）may/might的用法
1. 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉， 而不是may的过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t, 表示“不可以，禁止”。
—Might/May I smke beneath the tree?
—Yes, yu may./N, yu mustn’t.
——我可以在这棵树下吸烟吗？
——是的， 你可以。/不， 你不可以。
【温馨提示】
用“May I ...？”征询对方许可时比较正式和客气，而“Can I ...？”在口语中更常见。
2. 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May yu succeed!
祝你成功！
3. 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。
Yur mther may/might nt knw the truth.
你妈妈或许不知道真相。
（三）must/have t的用法
1. 表示必须、必要。
Yu must g t see the dctr regularly.
你必须定期看医生。
在回答must引出的一般疑问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t (禁止，不准), 而用needn’t (不必), dn’t have t (不必)。
—Must we aplgise t the servant?
—Yes, yu must. (N, yu dn’t have t / yu needn’t.)
——我们必须向那个仆人道歉吗？
——是的，必须道歉。(不，不必。)
2. 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)。
Yur mther must be n duty nw.
你妈妈现在一定在值班。
【温馨提示】
must是说话人的主观看法，而have t则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时，have t有更多的时态形式。
Her mther was ill and she had t stay at hme t lk after her.
她妈妈生病了，她必须在家照顾她。
（四）shall的用法
1. shall用于第一人称，表示说话人征求对方的意见。
What shall we d this evening?
我们今晚可以做什么？
2. shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
Yu shall fail if yu ignre the details.
如果你忽视这些细节，你会失败的。
He shall be punished if he keeps n ding it.
如果他继续那样做，会受到惩罚的。
（五）will/wuld的用法
1. 表示请求、建议等，wuld更委婉。
Will/Wuld yu pass me the ball, please?
请把球递给我，好吗？
2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。
I will never d that again.
我再也不那样做了。
They asked him if he wuld make a bet.
他们问他是否愿意打个赌。
3. 表示估计和猜想。
It wuld be abut ten ’clck when she left hme.
她离开家时大约10点钟。
【温馨提示】
wuld表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。wuld表示“过去习惯于”时比used t正式， 且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
During the vacatin, he wuld visit me every ther day.
在假期中，他每隔一天来看我一次。
（六）shuld/ught t的用法
1. 表示义务或责任，ught t比shuld语气重。
I shuld help her because she is in truble.
她遇到麻烦了，我应该帮助她。
Yu ught t take care f the baby.
你应该照看好这个婴儿。
2. 表示劝告、建议或命令。shuld, ught t可通用，但在疑问句中常用shuld。
Yu shuld/ught t g t class right away in case yu are late.
你应该立刻去上课，以免迟到。
3. 表示推测。
He ught t / shuld be hme by nw.
现在他应该到家了。
（七）dare，need 和had better的用法
1. dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，过去式为dared。
Hw dare yu say I’m unfair?
你怎么敢说我不公平呢？
He daren’t speak English befre such a crwd, dare he?
他不敢在这么多人面前说英语，对吗？
If we dared nt g there that day, we culdn’t get the beautiful flwers.
如果那天我们不敢去那里，我们就得不到那些美丽的花。
2. need 作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have t, ught t, shuld代替。
Yu needn’t cme s early.
你不必来这么早。
—Need I finish the wrk tday?
—Yes, yu must. / N, yu needn’t.
——我今天需要完成工作吗？
——是的，你必须完成。/不，你不需要。
【温馨提示】
dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带t的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带t或不带t的不定式。而need后面只能接带t的不定式。
I dare t swim acrss this river.
我敢游过这条河。
He desn’t dare (t) answer.
他不敢回答。
He needs t finish his hmewrk tday.
他今天需要完成家庭作业。
3. had better (常简写为’d better)是固定词组，意为“最好”，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。had better后跟动词原形(即不带t的不定式)，构成had better d sth.结构。不论主语是第几人称，不论句子是什么时态，都要用had better的形式。其否定形式为had better nt d sth.
Nw yu/he/we/ had better listen t the teacher.
你/他/我们现在最好听老师讲。
Tm, yu’d better g there tday.
汤姆，你最好今天去那儿。
（八）“情态动词＋have dne”的用法
1. can have dne表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不肯定，通常用在疑问句和否定句中。
He cannt have frgtten it.
他不可能忘记的。
2. culd have dne可用来表示推测，意为“可能已经”，也可以表示“本可以做某事而未做”。
He wasn’t at hme last night. He culd have gne t the mvies.
他昨晚不在家，可能去看电影了吧。
The accident culd have been avided.
这场事故本来是可以避免的。
3. shuld/ught t have dne意为“过去该做某事而没有做”，表示说话者“后悔、遗憾或责备”的语气。
I really regretted wasting the hurs when I shuld have studied hard, but it was t late.
我真后悔浪费了本该努力学习的光阴，但后悔已经晚了。
4. shuldn’t / ughtn’t t have dne意为“过去不该做某事却(已经)做了”，也表示说话者“后悔或责备”的语气。
T be hnest, I shuldn’t have said t yu like that.
说实话，我本不应该那样对你说的。
5. Needn’t have dne表示“本不必做某事却已经做了”。
Yu needn’t have taken ut a lan；we culd give yu a hand.
你本不需要贷款的，我们可以帮助你。
二、单句语法填空：
1. It is winter nw, and it’s very cld in the rm. They __________ (turn) ff the heating.
2. My mm suggests that we __________ (eat) ut fr a change this weekend.
3. If there __________ (be) n mdern telecmmunicatins, we wuld have t wait fr weeks t get news frm arund the wrld.
4. When I lived at my wn hme, I __________ (watch) TV whenever I wanted t.
5. The rm in the secnd strey in the building is very dark. He __________ (g) t bed.
6. It is 10 ’clck nw and it is very late. It is high time we __________ (g) hme.
7.--- “I think Helen is at hme.”
--- “N, she __________ (be) at hme, fr she phned me frm the airprt just five minutes ag.”
8. My sister advised me that I __________ (accept) the invitatin t the internatinal cnference.
9. She wishes she __________ (g) t the theater last night, but she had t take care f her sick mther,
10. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I __________ (dance) as well as her in the near future.
11. The rse flwer n my balcny is dead. I __________ (give) it mre water.
12. Harry is feeling uncmfrtable. He __________ (drink) t much at the party last night.
13. Srry, sir, yu __________ (sit) in this waiting rm. It is fr wmen and children nly.
14. It has been annunced that candidates __________ (remain) in their seats until all the papers have been cllected.
15. Yu can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman __________ (be) s rude t a lady.
16.—Dn’t frget t cme t my birthday party tmrrw.
--- I __________ (frget) it.
17. I didn’t see her in the meeting-rm this mrning. She __________ (speak) at the meeting.
18. If I __________ (knw) where he lived at that time, I wuld have sent a nte t him.
19. If they __________ (start) earlier than expected, they wuld be here nw.
20. Withut yur timely help when we are in truble, we __________ (achieve) s much.
21. Althugh yu __________ (find) bargains in Lndn, it’s nt generally a cheap place t shp.
22. Since nbdy gave him any help, he __________ (d) the research n his wn.
23. I __________ (use) a clck t wake me up because at six ’clck each mrning the train cmes by my huse.
24. Yu __________ (feel) all the training a waste f time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later yu’ll be grateful yu did it.
25. Why didn’t yu tell me abut yur truble last week? If yu __________ (tell) me, I culd have helped.
26. If I __________ (see) it with my wn eyes, I wuldn’t have believed it.
27. Withut his wartime experiences, Hemingway __________ (write) his famus nvel A Farewell t Arms.
28. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I __________ (dance) as well as her.
29. I wish I __________ (be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was n a business trip in New Yrk then.
30. It is lucky we bked a rm, r we __________ (have) nwhere t stay nw.
31. We __________ (be) back in the htel nw if yu didn’t lse the map.
32. If Mr. Dewey __________ (be) present, he wuld have ffered any pssible assistance t the peple there.
33. We wuld rather ur daughter __________ (stay) at hme with us, but it is her chice, and she is nt a child any lnger.
34. My mm suggests that we __________ (eat) ut fr a change this weekend.
35. If he had spent mre time practicing English befre, he __________ (be) able t speak it much better nw.
36. The players frm Guangzhu Evergrande Ftball Club have been ding very well recently, s they _________ (win) the final match.
37. One f ur rules is that n students __________ (carry) mbile phnes while taking an exam.
38. Yu need t take a break frm all this hard wrk. Remember: nthing __________ (make) up fr the lss f yur health.
39. We can’t imagine that tw children __________ (kill) by the washing machine f their huse!
40. Lk! There are s many mistakes in yur cmpsitin. Yu __________ (fix) full attentin n it.
41. The vluntary service saved yu a sum f mney that yu therwise __________ (spend) n the agency respnsible fr finding yur pets.
42. --- Everyne in my class passed the exam.
—Oh, really? It __________ (be) difficult.
43. My cusin insisted that she __________ (send) t Australia fr further study. But the cmpany refused her applicatin.
44. But fr thse interruptins, the meeting __________ (finish) half an hur ag.
45. Had they knwn what was cming next, they __________ (have) secnd thughts.
46. He walked in as if he __________ (buy) the schl and the wrd quickly gt arund that he was frm New Yrk City.
47. It’s a pity yu were late therwise yu __________ (see) the film star Rain frm Krea.
48. He cmmanded that all the gates __________ (shut) when it was getting dark in case thieves came in.
49. ---Tm: Did yu visit the famus cultural relics last mnth?
---Mary: N, we __________ (visit) it, but we spent t much time shpping.
50. It has been suggested the sprts meeting __________ (put) ff till the smg is nt s severe.
【答案】1. must have turned 2. (shuld) eat 3. were 4. culd watch 5. must have gne 6. went 7. can’t be 8. (shuld) accept 9. had gne 10. danced 11. shuld have given 12. must have drunk 13. mustn’t be sitting 14. shall remain 15. shuld be 16. wn’t frget 17. culdn’t have spken 18. had knwn 19. had started 20. wuldn’t have achieved 21. can find 22. must have dne 23. needn’t use 24. may feel 25. had tld 26. hadn’t seen 27. wuldn’t have written 28. danced 29. had been 30. wuld have 31. wuld be 32. had been 33. stayed 34. shuld eat 35. wuld be 36. shuld win 37. shall carry 38. can make 39. shuld be killed 40. shuld have fixed 41. wuld have spent 42. can’t have been 43. (shuld) be sent 44. wuld have finished 45. might have had 46. had bught 47. wuld have seen 48. (shuld) be shut 49. culd have visited 50. (shuld) be put
三、高考真题回顾：
1. (2021 天津卷改编) It used t be that yu ___________ (drive) fr miles here withut seeing anther persn, but nw there are huses and peple everywhere.
2. (2021 天津卷改编) —I hnestly dn’t think I’m ging t be admitted.
—Well, yu never knw! Yu ___________ (make) a better impressin than yu think.
3. (2020 全国I卷改编) Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt where it __________ (send) signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
4. (2020 全国III卷改编) When he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he __________ (find) the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pinted dwn the river.
5. (2020 天津卷改编) Jim says we __________ (stay) in his huse as lng as we leave it clean and tidy.
6. (2020 江苏卷改编) If I hadn’t been faced with s many barriers, I __________ nt be where I am.
7. (2019 江苏卷改编) What a pity! Yu missed the sightseeing, r we ___________ (have) a gd time tgether.
8. (2019 天津卷改编) The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they ____________ (accmplish) the task in half the time.
9. (2019 江苏卷改编) What a pity! Yu missed the sightseeing, r we __________ (have) a gd time tgether.
10. (2019 天津卷改编) The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they ___________ (accmplish) the task in half the time.
11. (2018 天津卷改编) If we ___________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach nw.
12. (2018 江苏卷改编) There is a gd scial life in the village, and I wish I ___________ (have) a secnd chance t becme mre invlved.
13. (新课标全国样卷) Mum：Are they there? Oh, my gdness. I ___________ (put) them in there when the phne rang.
【答案与解析】
1.【解析】考查情态动词。句意：过去你可能开车数英里看不到一个人，但现在到处都是房子和人。根据句意和语境可知，这里介绍的是过去和现在的对比，表示“有可能”，故填culd/might drive。
2.【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。——唉，谁知道呢！你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故填may have made。
3.【解析】考查情态动词。根据句意，中国第一次在月球上安置了一个卫星，用以发射信号到太空站或地球。故填culd send。
4.【解析】考查情态动词。句意：当他问江岸边的村民他在哪里可以找到这位传奇的艺术家时，他们笑着指向江的下游。分析句意可知，设空处表达的是能够做某事。时态为一般过去时，故填culd find。
5.【解析】考查情态动词。句意：吉姆说只要我们保持干净整洁，我们就可以待在他家里。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，主句是一般现在时态，介绍的是现在的情况，所以宾语从句用一般现在时态，故填can stay。
6.【解析】考查情态动词。句意：如果我没有面对这么多的障碍，我就不会是现在的我。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用wuld/culd/might/shuld+d。故填wuld/culd/might/shuld。
7.【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾啊！你错过了这次游览，否则我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光了。根据语境可知，并列连词r在句中意为“否则，要不然”，为含蓄条件的一种表达方式，后面的句子与过去的事实相反，故填wuld have had。
8.【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成这项任务。表示对过去的虚拟，需用wuld have dne的形式。故填wuld have accmplished。
9.【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾啊！你错过了这次游览，否则我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光了。根据语境可知，并列连词r在句中意为“否则，要不然”，为含蓄条件的一种表达方式，后面的句子与过去的事实相反，故填wuld have had。
10.【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成这项任务。表示对过去的虚拟，需用wuld have dne的形式。故填wuld have accmplished。
11.【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班，我们现在就会正在沙滩上享受我们的假期了。If从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其谓语动词需用“had+过去分词”形式。故填had caught。
12.【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己能再获得一次机会去更多地参与其中。wish后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，此处表达现在的一个愿望，谓语动词要用过去式，故填had。
13.【解析】考查情态动词的推测性用法。根据句意，是对过去发生的动作的最有把握的猜测，肯定句中用must have dne形式。故填must have put。
四、语篇语法填空：
(1)
Imagine muntains wrapped in silver water, shining in the spring sun. Summer sees the muntains turn bright green with 1 (grw) rice. During autumn, these same muntains are gld, and in winter 2 are cvered with white frst. These are the 3 (clr) f the Lngji Rice Terraces (梯田).
These terraces were built by the lcal Zhuang and Ya peple, t whm Guangxi is hme. Starting in the Yuan Dynasty, wrk n the terraces 4 (take) hundreds f years until its 5 (cmplete) in the early Qing Dynasty. Nw these terraces cver tall muntains, ften 6 the bttm t the very tp. S why did these peple build terraces? Firstly, there 7 (be) few large, flat areas f land. Building the terraces meant that they culd increase the areas t grw rice. Secndly, althugh the regin has plenty f rain, the muntains are steep and the sil is shallw. The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the sil frm 8 (wash) away.
It’s typical f peple t wrk in harmny with nature. The terraces are 9 (clever) designed with hundreds f waterways that cnnect with each ther. These terraces als prvide a perfect envirnment fr birds and fish, sme f 10 feed n insects that can harm the rice crps.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了在广西人们修建梯田的原因及作用。
1. grwing 考查非谓语动词。设空处动词接在介词后面，应用动名词。故填 grwing。
2. they 考查代词，分析句子可知， and连接两个并列句，前后两句的主语指的是同一事物，这里应用they指代这些同样的山。故填they。
3. clrs 考查名词的单复数。分析句子可知，句子的主语是复数，设空处为表语，也应用名词的复数形式，clr为可数名词，应加s。故填 clrs。
4. tk 考查动词的时态。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“从元朝开始”可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填tk。
5. cmpletin 考查词性转换。分析句子可知，设空处在介词until后面作宾语，并且前有形容词性物主代词修饰，应用名词。故填cmpletin。
6. frm 考查固定短语，意为“从……到……”。故填 frm。
7. are 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。描述一个客观的事实，用一般现在时。分析句子可知，本句为there be句型， be动词后面的名词areas为可数名词复数， be动词应用are，故填are。
8. being washed 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，设空处接在介词 frm 后作宾语，应用动名词，并且和前面的名词sil之间为被动关系，应用动名词的被动形式，故填being washed。
9. cleverly 考查词性转换，分析句子可知，设空处修饰动词designed，应用副词形式，故填cleverly。
10. which 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，按然先行词文档and fish，指物，在从句中作主语，并接在介词f后面，只能用which。故填which。
(2)
Rivera Alanis, a teacher in a Mexican nursery, earned the admiratin fr her 1 (brave). When a gun battle brke ut utside the nursery, she rdered her pupils, 2 were five t six years ld, 3 (lie) n the flr f their classrm. She then led them t sing t calm them. Alanis filmed sme 4 (scene) frm inside the classrm 5 psted the vide nline.
In the vide, Alanis attempted t take the children’s attentin ff the gunfire by leading them in a sng frm Barney & Friends. “If the rain drps were chclate. I wuld lve t be there, pening my muth t taste them,” the class sang.
“Of curse, the kids and I were all 6 (frighten) then,” Alanis said. “My nly thught was t take their minds ff that nise. S I thught f that sng.” Over the past few years, the district 7 (attack) by lts f vilence, in which ver 35,000 peple are said t have been killed.
“We d emergency drills (训练) 8 (cnstant) t instruct teachers and students 9 t d in case f gunfire,” Alanis said, 10 (add) that the children behaved in the way they had practiced.
【解析】本篇是记叙文。窗外一片枪林弹雨之际，墨西哥一托儿所的女老师为保护学生安全，立刻要小朋友趴在地上，并带动唱儿歌以转移他们的注意力。这段视频被传上网后，网友称赞女老师的智勇双全。
1. bravery 考查词性转换。空白处所填词在句中作介词fr的宾语，故用brave的名词形式。
2. wh 考查定语从句。关系代词wh指代先行词her pupils，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
3. t lie 考查固定用法。rder sb. t d sth.意为“命令某人做某事”。
4. scenes 考查名词。根据空前的sme可知，此处填scene的复数形式。
5. and 考查连词。前后两句之间存在意义上的顺接关系，故用连词and。
6. frightened 考查词性转换。frighten的过去分词形式常修饰人，意为“受惊的、害怕的”。
7. has been attacked 考查时态和语态。主语是谓语动词动作attack的承受者，用被动语态；再根据时间状语Over the past few years可知，用现在完成时。
8. cnstantly 考查词性转换。空白处所填词在句中修饰谓语动词，故用cnstant的副词形式。
9. what 考查疑问词。what t d是“疑问词+不定式”结构，在句中作宾语，相当于宾语从句 what they shuld d。
10. adding 考查非谓语动词。adding that the children behaved in the way they had practiced是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随情况或方式(分词动作add与逻辑主语之间是主动关系)。
(3)
In 1850, an American lawyer, James N. Bethune, bught a slave t wrk in his hme. The slave, a wman, had a small child 1 (call) Tm, wh was blind and autistic (自闭症的).
One day, Bethune 2 (walk) arund his garden when he heard music cming frm the huse. He went inside and fund yung Tm playing n the family pian. Bethune 3 (instant) realised that the by, wh was nly fur, had special abilities. He asked a band f 4 (music) t cme t the huse and play in frnt f him. Tm reprduced perfectly the music he had heard. It was bvius that Tm had the ability t memrise and repeat pieces f music after 5 (hear) them just nce.
In 1857, “Blind Tm” tk part 6 his first public perfrmance. The reviews were s gd that Bethune tk him n a tur f the US. Three years later, “Blind Tm” 7 (invite) t the White Huse, 8 he perfrmed fr the President. Over the next frty years, Tm perfrmed 9 (enjy) shws all ver the US, as well as visiting Canada, the UK and several Suth American cuntries. His cncerts were 10 mixture f classical music and his wn cmpsitins.
“Blind Tm” died in 1908.
【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。James N. Bethune买了一个女性奴隶，她儿子Tm虽患有自闭症，但有惊人的音乐天赋，之后还在白宫为总统弹奏。
1. called 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个奴隶是一个女人，她有一个叫汤姆的小孩，他双目失明又有自闭症。此处child和call之间是一种被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语，故为called。
2. was walking 考查动词的时态。句意：一天，Bethune正在他的花园里散步，突然听到从房子里传出来的音乐。固定句式：be ding sth. when ...“正在做某事，这时……”。由此可知为was walking。
3. instantly 考查副词。句意：Bethune立刻意识到这个只有四岁的男孩有特殊的能力。此处是副词修饰动词，故为instantly。
4. musicians 考查名词的数。句意：他请一群音乐家到他家来，在他面前演奏。结合句意可知，此处用名词复数，故为musicians。
5. hearing 考查非谓语动词。句意：很明显，汤姆只听了一遍就能记住和重复一段音乐。此处after是介词，后面跟动名词作宾语，故为hearing。
6. in 考查固定短语。句意：1857年，“盲人汤姆”参加了他的第一次公开表演。take part in“参加”，故用介词in。
7. was invited 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：三年后，“盲人汤姆”被邀请到白宫为总统表演。此处句子主语“Blind Tm”和invite之间是被动关系，再根据Three years later可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故为was invited。
8. where 考查定语从句的关系词。句意见上题解析。此处the White Huse是先行词，后面的定语从句不缺少主谓宾，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故为where。
9. enjyable 考查形容词。句意：在接下来的四十年里，汤姆在美国各地表演了令人愉快的节目，还访问了加拿大、英国和几个南美国家。此处shws是名词，由形容词来修饰，故为enjyable。
10. a 考查冠词。句意：他的音乐会混合了古典音乐和他自己的作品。固定结构：a mixture f意为“……的混合”，故为a。
(4)
When I decided t majr in English, I thught it wuld be fun. Hwever, it turned ut t be much 36 (hard) than I thught it wuld be. The differences in the language ver thusands f hundreds f years made many passages hard 37 (understand). Trying t understand Shakespeare and Chaucer gave me a headache 38 reading Byrn and Shelley als tk lts f effrt. Hwever, there were times 39 I read passages that gave me wisdm (智慧).
One f these was by William Wrdswrth. It went, “The best prtin (部分) f a gd man’s life: his little, nameless, unremembered acts f kindness and lve. “The first time I read it, I was deeply impressed by the wisdm 40 (cnvey) in it. Over the years I began t fill my days 41 acts f kindness and lve.
What wuld happen if everyne fllwed Wrdswrth’s wisdm and lived the best part f 42 (they) life? What wuld happen if all f us 43 (practice) acts f kindness and lve all ur lives? Wuld we stp 44 (hate)? Wuld we put an end t war? Wuld this wrld 45 (transfrm) int a beautiful, lving place? Let’s all live ur lives with acts f kindness and lve.
【解析】本篇是记叙文，主题语境是生活。华兹华斯的一句话深深地影响了作者，作者决心将善意和友爱进行到底。
36. harder 考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的than I thught it wuld be可知,此处用 hard的比较级形式。
37. t understand 考查动词不定式。某些形容词，如 easy, hard, difficult 等，后常接 不定式主动式表示被动含义。
38. and 考查连词。前后两句之间存在意义上的顺接关系，故用连词and。
39. when 考查定语从句。空白处所填词引导定语从句，并在从句中作时间状语。
40. cnveyed 考查非谓语。cnveyed in it是过去分词短语作后置定语(分词动作cnvey与逻辑主语之间是被动关系）。
41. with 考查固定搭配。是习惯搭配。
42. their 考查形容词性物主代词。空白处所填词在句中修饰名词life,故用其形容词性物主代词形式。
43. practiced 考查虚拟语气。该句使用了虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句用一般过去时。
44. hating 考查 stp 的用法。stp ding sth.意为“停止做某事”，符合语境。stp t d sth. 意为“停下来去做某事”。
45. be transfrmed 考查谓语动词的时态和语态。主语是谓语动词动作transfrm 的承受者，需用被动语态；情态动词后接动词原形。
(5)
Althugh sme f us enjy being alne t reflect n 1 (us) fr imprvement, we can’t live withut friends because we can benefit a lt 2 clse friendships.
First, clse friendships may cmfrt ur hearts. With true friends, we are free 3 (share) ur jy and sadness in full measure. We can say friendship has a duble advantage—happiness 4 (take) n a greater meaning and a truble shared becmes a truble 5 (half).
Secnd, we can achieve a better understanding and 6 (judge) thrugh cnversatins with clse and wise friends. It is easier fr us t recgnize thers’ 7 (weak) than ur wn. On the ther hand, ur friends are 8 (well) able t ffer advice t us when we make imprtant decisins.
Third, friends may help us in many different ways. Because friends may have many different ideas and skills, they can help us achieve 9 we want in life.
Finally, it shuld 10 (pint) ut that we shuld carefully chse friends and develp relatinships with them cautiusly.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从三个方面讲解了朋友在我们日常生活中的重要作用，最后提出了我们应该谨慎选择我们的朋友。
1. urselves 考查代词。句意：尽管我们中有些人喜欢独处，通过反省自己来进行提升……reflect n neself意为“自我反思”。根据主语sme f us可知用urselves。故填urselves。
2. frm 考查介词。句意：我们不能没有朋友，因为我们可以从亲密的友谊中获益良多。benefit frm sth.是固定搭配，意为“从……中获益”。故填frm。
3. t share 考查非谓语动词。句意：与真正的朋友们在一起，我们可以自由地分享我们的快乐和悲伤。free t d sth.是固定搭配，意为“自由地去做某事”。故填t share。
4. takes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：我们可以说，友谊具有双重优势——使快乐加倍，使困难减半。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。此处， happiness作为后半部分句子的主语，它的谓语动词使用第三人称单数。所以用take的第三人称单数形式takes。故填takes。
5. halved 考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。名词truble与half之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填halved。
6. judgement 考查名词。句意：其次，通过与明智的亲密朋友对话，我们可以获得更好的理解和判断。and连接并列的两者，所以空处应该和understanding词性一致，所以应用judge的名词形式judgement。故填judgement。
7. weaknesses 考查名词。句意：我们更容易认识到别人的弱点，而不是我们自己的。空前有修饰词ther’s，故此处应使用weak的名词形式weakness，因为是“别人的弱点”，弱点不止一个，应该用其复数形式。故填weaknesses。
8. better 考查副词比较级。句意：另一方面，当我们做出重要决定时，我们的朋友能给我们提供更好的建议。这里主要是把自己做决定和在有朋友的帮助下做决定进行比较，所以用well的比较级better。故填better。
9. what 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：因为朋友可能有很多不同的想法和技能，他们可以帮助我们实现生活中想要的。本句为宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用what。故填what。
10. be pinted 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：最后，应该指出，我们应该谨慎地选择朋友，谨慎地与他们发展关系。主语it与pint ut之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据情态动词shuld可知，用动词原形。故填be pinted。