专题01:语法填空【上海十六区二模】 -2024年上海高三英语二模试题分类荟萃(上海专用)(深度解析版)
展开编者按:上海十六区二模完整齐全,深度解析,排版整齐。
(一)
(2024年宝山区二模)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Imagine yu are ut fishing n the high seas - the wind and water are clean and cmfrtable and yu begin bringing up yur first catch f the day. That's when everything ges wrng. Yur fishing nets are tangled up (缠成一团) in lder, abandned fishing tl, and yu're unable t untangle them. Yur equipment____21____(ruin), and all f the fish yu have wrked s hard t catch are trapped. They will die____22____yu are unable t draw r free them. Ghst fishing has claimed yet anther victim.
Ghst fishing is what abandned fishing tl des. It still catches fish, but n ne benefits. Trapped fish die and attract scavengers (清道夫)____23____ als get caught, creating a vicius cycle. In fact, lst fishing tl, r "ghst tl," is amng____24____(great) killers in the ceans. This tl further reduces the already declining number f fish.
Envirnmental agencies estimate that 10 percent f all seawater litter is lst r deserted fishing tl____25____(equal) 640,000 tns every year. Frtunately, these agencies are asking why this is happening and what____26____ be dne t stp it.
It's nt the intentin f the majrity f fishermen t lse their tl. In mst circumstances bad weather is t blame. But in ther cases fishermen thrw their tl in the cean n purpse, risking expensive fines. But t them, it's wrth the risk____27____(free) up space nbard, cut fuel csts r avid paying handling fees.____28____ equipment lss is accidental r nt, a strategy invlving tl identificatin seems t be a practical slutin.
By marking tl with electrnic tags and utilizing GPS technlgy, wners are mre likely t recver lst tl and less likely t abandn it. Currently, wnership regulatins are reprtedly very weak. Leading the effrt fr tagging fishing tl and creating accuntability is the GGTI (Glbal Ghst Tl Initiative).____29____ (launch) in 2015, the GGTI is the first rganizatin f its kind. It's brught tgether an rganizatin f gvernments, fishing-industry executives, seafd cmpanies and nn-prfits. Their effrts t get back and recycle the tl_____30_____(imprve) marine envirnment, prtecting fish and fishermen's way f life.
Ghst fishing pses a serius threat t the fishing industry wrldwide, and a glbal effrt is needed t slve it.
【答案】21. is ruined 22. as##because 23. which##that 24. the greatest 25. equaling
26. can 27. t free 28. Whether 29. Launched 30. will imprve
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了丢失的渔具会成为海洋垃圾,伤害海洋生物,造成污染。
【21题详解】
考查时态语态。句意:你的设备坏了,你辛辛苦苦捕来的鱼都被困住了。主语equipment与谓语构成被动关系,应用被动语态,句子陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语是不可数名词,be动词使用is。故填is ruined。
【22题详解】
考查原因状语从句。句意:他们会死,因为你无法吸引或释放他们。此处引导原因状语从句,表示“因为”应用as或because。故填as或because。
【23题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:被困的鱼死亡,吸引食腐动物,食腐动物也被捕获,形成恶性循环。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是scavengers,指物,关系词在从句作主语,应用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。
【24题详解】
考查最高级。句意:事实上,丢失的捕鱼工具,或“幽灵工具”,是海洋中最大的杀手之一。根据后文in the ceans可知为最高级,前面加定冠词the。故填the greatest。
【25题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:环保机构估计,每年有10%的海水垃圾丢失或废弃的渔具,相当于64万吨。分析句子结构可知,equal与上文10 percent f all seawater litter构成主动关系,应用现在分词,作状语。故填equaling。
【26题详解】
考查情态动词。句意:幸运的是,这些机构正在询问为什么会发生这种情况,以及可以做些什么来阻止它。后跟动词原形,表示“能”应用情态动词can。故填can。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:但对他们来说,为了腾出船上空间、降低燃料成本或避免支付手续费,冒险是值得的。此处free作目的状语,应用动词不定式。故填t free。
【28题详解】
考查固定句型。句意:无论设备丢失是否是偶然的,涉及工具识别的策略似乎是一个实用的解决方案。此处为句型whether…r nt…表示“无论……是否”,首字母大写。故填Whether。
【29题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:成立于2015年的GGTI是此类组织中的第一个。分析句子结构可知,GGTI与launch构成被动关系,应用过去分词,作状语,首字母大写。故填Launched。
【30题详解】
考查时态。句意:他们回收和循环利用这些工具的努力将改善海洋环境,保护鱼类和渔民的生活方式。表示将要发生的动作用一般将来时。故填will imprve。
(二)
(2024年崇明区二模)
Grand Chinese New Year Celebratin Held in Lndn
Mre than 700,000 peple in Lndn jined in a celebratin n February 11 rganized by the Lndn Chinatwn Chinese Assciatin t welcme the Year f the Dragn.
The celebratin was claimed by the rganizers ___21___ (be) the largest Chinese New Year event utside Asia. It started at 10 am with a diverse parade featuring dragn dances and displays f traditinal Chinese cstumes. The parade started frm the east f Trafalgar Square and cncluded n Shaftesbury Avenue in Chinatwn.
During the parade, significant attentin ___22___ (capture) by the traditinal Chinese Puning Yingge flk dance, a natinal intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in China. The grup f 16 dancers, riginating frm the Chashan regin in Suth China’s Guangdng prvince, ___23___ the art frm riginated, ffered a sensry cultural feast (盛宴) t the peple f the United Kingdm.
At nn, the event reached its climax n the center stage in Trafalgar Square, with ntable figures frm China and Britain participating in the eye-dtting ceremny f tw lins, symblically ___24___ (awaken) them. ___25___ the lins were awakened, they perfrmed a lively flying dance. Perfrmers ___26___ (hide) under the cstumes jumped up and dwn n 3-meter-high ples, drawing enthusiastic applause frm the crwds.
Zheng Zeguang, China’s ambassadr (大使) t the UK, ___27___ (address) the attendees at Trafalgar Square. He expressed gratitude t the rganizers and artists fr making ___28___ pssible fr the event t happen, and extended warm wishes f gd frtune and advance fr the Year f the Dragn.
Sadiq Khan, mayr f Lndn, spke highly f the cntributins f Lndners f Chinese rigin. “One f the reasns why Lndn is the greatest city in the wrld is ___29___ Lndners f Chinese rigin have been making cntributins t the city,” he said. The mayr als warned ___30___ trying t “discurage” friendships between China and the UK.
In additin t the lively parade and stage perfrmances, there were cultural wrkshps, interactive games, and fd stands set up arund Trafalgar Square.
【答案】21. t be 22. was captured 23. where 24. awakening 25. After##When##As##Once
26. hidden 27. addressed 28. it 29. that 30. against
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章介绍了伦敦举行的盛大的中国龙年新年的庆祝活动。
【21题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意:组织者声称这次庆祝活动是亚洲以外最大的中国新年活动。根据谓语动词“was claimed”可知,空处应为非谓语动词;动词短语be claimed t d意为“据称……”,符合句意,故空处为动词不定式。故填t be。
【22题详解】
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在游行中,中国传统的非物质文化遗产普宁英歌民族舞蹈吸引了人们的极大关注。分析句子可知,空处应为谓语动词;根据下一句中的谓语动词“ffered”和第一段的“n February 11”可知,本文描述的是在2月11日举行的庆祝活动,应用一般过去时;主语是“attentin”,与动词capture之间为被动关系,表示“注意力被吸引”,故应用被动语态,且谓语为单数形式。故填was captured。
【23题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意:这支由16名舞者组成的舞团,来自中国南部广东省潮汕地区,是这种艺术形式的发源地,他们为英国人民提供了一场感官上的文化盛宴。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“the Chashan regin”,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故应用关系副词where。故填where。
【24题详解】
考查现在分词。句意:中午,活动在特拉法加广场中央舞台达到高潮,中英两国知名人士参加了两只狮子的点睛仪式,象征性地唤醒了它们。根据句中谓语动词“reached”可知,空处应为非谓语动词,与“ntable figures”之间为主动关系,作伴随状语,故应用现在分词形式。故填awakening。
【25题详解】
考查连接词。句意:狮子被唤醒后/狮子被唤醒时/一旦狮子被唤醒了,他们表演了/就表演一个活泼的飞舞。分析句子和句意可知,空处引导时间状语从句,可表示“狮子被唤醒后”或“狮子被唤醒时”或“一旦狮子被唤醒了”,故可用连接词after/when/as/nce;句首字母大写。故填After/When/As/Once。
【26题详解】
考查过去分词。句意:隐藏在服装下的表演者在3米高的杆子上跳来跳去,赢得了人群的热烈掌声。根据句中谓语动词“jumped”可知,空处应为非谓语动词,作后置定语修饰“Perfrmers”,并与其之间为被动关系,表示“被隐藏的表演者”,故应用过去分词形式。故填hidden。
【27题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:中国驻英国大使郑泽光在特拉法加广场向与会者发表讲话。分析句子可知,空处应为谓语动词;根据下一句中的“expressed”和句意可知,应用一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作;address可作动词,表示“向……讲话”,与主语“Zheng Zeguang”之间为主动关系。故填addressed。
【28题详解】
考查代词。句意:他对活动的组织者和艺术家们为活动的顺利开展表示感谢,并对龙年的好运和进步表示热烈的祝愿。分析句子可知,空处应为形式宾语,代替真正的宾语t happen,故应用代词it。故填it。
【29题详解】
考查表语从句连接词。句意:伦敦之所以是世界上最伟大的城市,其中一个原因是华裔伦敦人一直在为这座城市做出贡献。分析句子可知,空处引导表语从句,在句中不作成分,也没有汉语意思,故应用连接词that。故填that。
【30题详解】
考查介词。句意:市长还警告不要试图“打击”中英之间的友谊。动词短语warn against表示“警告反对、告诫不要做某事”,后可接动名词作宾语,符合句子和句意。故填against。
(三)
(2024年奉贤区二模)
Are Yu Ready t Hug a Rbt?
Getting hugged tends t be a pwerful psitive emtinal experience. Hugs have been shwn t enhance scial bnding and emtinal well-being. Hwever, nt everyne can get a hug ___1___ they need ne. Sme peple are lnely and d nt have anyne t hug them. Others may be in lng-distance relatinships ___2___ it is nt easy t get physical affectin frm their partner. In this case, they ___3___ receive fewer hugs than they like.
Hw can this prblem be slved? ___4___ scientists have prpsed is t develp hug rbts. This culd ffer lnely peple the psitive effects f getting hugged withut the need ___5___(seek) a persn wh culd hug them. Nevertheless, designing a hug rbt is nt an easy task. Fr example, if the rbt is very large and made mstly f metal, peple might be frightened f it, ___6___ happily hugging it. Therefre, psychlgical research is needed.
A new study, which ___7___(publish) in Internatinal Jurnal recently, fcuses n the develpment f Mffuly-II, a newly develped hug rbt, which can mve its arms t perfrm different small gestures during the hug. When tw peple hug, they ften d specific things with their hands, such as clapping the ___8___(hug)persn n the back t signal sympathy. It is imprtant that a hug rbt can perfrm similar gestures, t. In the study, the scientists wanted t knw whether these gestures wuld make a rbt hug ___9___(appealing). Vlunteers wh Mffully-Il hugged generally preferred hugs with gestures t gesture-less hugs. They felt that the rbt was mre friendly when___10___(perfrm) gestures.
The findings f the study indicate that it is pssible t design a rbt that peple enjy t hug. Details matter here, as the intra-hug gestures played a significant rle in determining hw much the human vlunteers enjyed the hug.
【答案】1. whenever##when 2. where##s 3. may##might 4. What 5. t seek
6. instead f##rather than 7. has been published 8. hugged 9. mre appealing 10. perfrming
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们研发拥抱机器人以解决孤独人群的拥抱需求。
【1题详解】
考查状语从句。句意:然而,并不是每个人都能在需要的时候得到一个拥抱。分析句子可知,空处应填从属连词whenever“每当”或when“当……什么时候”引导时间状语从句。故填whenever/when。
【2题详解】
考查从属连词/并列连词。句意:其他人可能处于异地恋中,很难从伴侣那里得到身体上的爱。分析句子可知,空处可以看作空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词relatinship,先行词在句中作抽象的地点状语,应用关系副词where;或可以看作空处前后为因果关系,应用并列连词s。故填where/s。
【3题详解】
考查情态动词。句意:在这种情况下,他们可能会收到比自己想要的更少的拥抱。分析句子可知,空处应填情态动词may/might表示较小的可能性。故填may/might。
【4题详解】
考查主语从句。句意:科学家们提议开发拥抱机器人。分析句子可知,空处应填what引导主语从句,并在从句中作prpsed宾语,表示“……的东西”,位于句首首字母大写。故填What。
【5题详解】
考查不定式。句意:这可以为孤独的人提供被拥抱的积极效果,而不必寻求能够拥抱他们的人。抽象名词need后应用动词不定式形式作后置定语。故填t seek。
【6题详解】
考查固定短语。句意:例如,如果机器人非常大且主要由金属制成,人们可能会害怕它,而不是愉快地拥抱它。分析句子可知,空处应填短语instead f/rather than“而不是”。故填instead f/rather than。
【7题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:最近在《国际期刊》上发表的一项新研究,聚焦于Mffuly-II的研发,这是一款新开发的拥抱机器人,能够在拥抱过程中移动其手臂来完成不同的小手势。分析句子可知,空处在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语,由recently可知,从句中应用现在完成时,先行词A new study与动词publish构成被动关系,应用被动语态,先行词study为单数名词,助动词用has。故填has been published。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语。句意:当两个人拥抱时,他们经常用手做一些特定的动作,比如拍被拥抱者的背以表示同情。分析句子可知,空处在句中作定语,修饰名词persn,动词hug与被修饰词之间构成被动关系,故用过去分词的形式。故填hugged。
【9题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意:在这项研究中,科学家们想知道这些手势是否会让机器人拥抱更具吸引力。分析句子可知,此处有一个隐晦的比较意义,空处应用形容词appealing“有吸引的”的比较级形式在句中作宾语补足语。故填mre appealing。
【10题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意:他们觉得机器人在做手势时更加友好。句中perfrm与其逻辑主语the rbt构成主动关系,完整的时间状语从句应为when the rbt was perfrming gestures,when引导的时间状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致,且含有be动词时,从句中主语和be动词可以省略。故填perfrming。
(四)
(2024年虹口区二模)
N Filming at Cncerts and Mvie Theaters n Phnes
“Please, n flash phtgraphy.”
Plite requests like this can be fund in museums all ver the wrld, but they generally dn’t discurage peple frm taking phts f ____21____ they feel like. The same ges fr cncerts, mvie theaters and ther places ____22____ peple rutinely ignre filming restrictins. A new patent frm Apple may blck that rule-breaking feature—n phnes at least.
The patent, ____23____ (award) t Apple tday, utlines a system which wuld allw venues, like cncert halls r theaters, t use an infrared emitter (红外发射器) t remtely disable the camera functin n smartphnes. Accrding t the patent, infrared beams culd be picked up by the camera, and interpreted by the smartphne as a cmmand ____24____ (blck) the user frm taking any phts r vides.
Many musicians and perfrmers have banned cellphnes frm their shws ____25____ they bject t the free ftage circulating arund the web. ____26____ this, images still manage t leak ut. Prince’s last cncert befre he passed away in April was suppsed t be cellphne-free—it apparently wasn’t. If Apple’s patent ____27____ (intrduce) int iPhne sftware, with venues putting infrared emitters arund their stage, leaks like this culd ptentially stp happening.
But the patent als raises questins abut the srt f pwer that this technlgy wuld be handing ver t ____28____ with mre immral intentins.
Given the cmpany’s rigid supprt f persnal privacy when it cmes t plice requests t break int users’ devices, it’s pssible that Apple just ____29____ (patent) the technlgy s that n ne else will use it. But wh knws, if it des intend t intrduce this feature t future perating systems, sales f camcrders, r even GPrs, culd get a much-needed bst, as peple try t avid _____30_____ (use) the prhibitive sftware.
【答案】21. what##whatever##smething##anything
22. where 23. awarded 24. t blck 25. because##as##since
26. Despite 27. is intrduced 28. smene##thse 29. patented 30. using
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。苹果公司刚刚为一个系统申请了专利,该系统将允许音乐厅或剧院等场所使用红外发射器远程禁用智能手机上的摄像头功能。根据该专利,红外光束可以被相机拾取,并被智能手机解读为阻止用户拍摄任何照片或视频的命令。
【21题详解】
考查连词或者代词。句意:像这样礼貌的要求在世界各地的博物馆都可以找到,但它们通常不会阻止人们拍摄自己喜欢的东西。分析句子可知,空格处为介词f的宾语。根据句意,此处指物,可译为“东西;事物”,可以用what(ever)连接宾语从句,或者smething/anything为先行词,they feel like是省略了关系代词的定语从句。故填what(ever)/smething/anything。
【22题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:音乐会、电影院和其他人们经常忽视拍摄限制的地方也是如此。分析句子可知,此处是限定性定语从句。先行词为places,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
【23题详解】
考查过去分词。句意:在今天授予苹果的这项专利概述了一种系统,该系统将允许音乐厅或剧院等场所使用红外发射器远程禁用智能手机上的摄像头功能。分析句子可知,空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词 The patent与award是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词。故填awarded。
【24题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意:根据该专利,红外光束可以被相机拾取,并被智能手机解读为阻止用户拍摄任何照片或视频的命令。分析句子可知,空格处应填入非谓语动词。根据句意,此处是非谓语动词作定语修饰cmmand ,表目的,应用动词不定式。故填t blck。
【25题详解】
考查状语从句。句意:许多音乐家和表演者已经禁止手机参加他们的演出,因为他们反对网络上流传的免费视频。分析句子可知,空格处应填入状语从句的引导词。由句意可知,此处表示原因,应用because/as/since引导原因状语从句。故填because/as/since。
【26题详解】
考查介词。句意:尽管如此,图像仍然会泄露出去。分析句子可知,空格处应填入介词。根据句意,此处指“虽然;尽管”,应用介词despite,置于句首,首字母应大写。故填Despite。
【27题详解】
考查动词时态、语态以及虚拟语气。句意:如果苹果的专利被引入iPhne软件,在舞台周围放置红外发射器,这样的泄漏可能会停止发生。分析句子可知,空格处应填入谓语动词。根据主句内容可知,此处条件状语从句应用一般现在时态。主语Apple’s patent 与动词intrduce是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。故填is intrduced。
【28题详解】
考查代词。句意:但这项专利也引发了人们的疑问,即这项技术将把什么样的权力交给意图更不道德的人。分析句子可知,空格处应填入代词作宾语。根据句意,此处指人,应使用smene/thse作宾语。故填smene/thse。
【29题详解】
考查时态。句意:考虑到该公司在警方要求侵入用户设备时对个人隐私的严格支持,苹果可能只是为这项技术申请了专利,这样其他人就不会使用它。分析句子可知,空格处作谓语。根据上文可知,“苹果为这项技术申请专利”已经发生,故用一般过去时。故填patented。
【30题详解】
考查动名词。句意:但谁知道呢,如果它真的打算在未来的操作系统中引入这一功能,摄像机甚至GPrs的销售可能会得到急需的提振,因为人们试图避免使用这种令人望而却步的软件。根据空前的 avid 可知,空格处应填入动名词作宾语。故填using。
(五)
(2024年黄浦区二模)
Walking and Using a Phne is Bad fr Yur Health
Spend time n any crwded sidewalk and yu’ll see heads bent ver and eyes cast dwnward. One recent study f cllege students fund that a quarter f peple crssing intersectins ___21___ (absrb) in a device. That screen in yur hand isn’t just distracting yur attentin. It als changes yur md, yur manner f walking and etc. — and affects yur ability t get frm pint A t pint B ___22___ running int truble.
When yu walk and use a phne at the same time, yu autmatically adjust ___23___ yu mve. Vide ftage f walkers has shwn that peple n phnes walk abut 10 percent slwer than thse undistracted nes. These changes can blck traffic n the sidewalk. And ___24___ walking makes up a big prtin f yur daily physical activity, walking mre slwly may have impacts fr yur fitness.
Lking dwn at a smartphne while walking can als increase the amunt f frce ___25___ (place) n the neck and upper back muscles, which culd reduce balance and increase the risk f falls.
It’s nw widely accepted that walking in natural spaces is gd fr yur mental health. It appears that ___26___ (get) these benefits, it’s imprtant that yur attentin is n the envirnment, rather than n yur phne.
Mst f us understand that walking and using a phne can be risky. Sme cities, like Hnlulu, ___27___ (pass) laws t cntrl distracted walkers. But research n thse dangers has turned up sme surprises. One study has lked at the cnnectin between “phne-related distracted walking” and emergency department visits. Using gvernment data ___28___ (extend) ver the years 2011 t 2019, the researchers turned up nearly 30,000 walking injuries ccasined by phnes.
If yu’re distracted by a phne, yu’re definitely putting ___29___ at sme risk. S hw d yu stay safe? If yu d walk and use yur device at the same time, stp when yu’re arund stairs, crsswalks and messy r uneven grund, ____30____ accidents are mre likely t ccur.
【答案】21. were absrbed 22. withut 23. hw 24. if##since 25. placed 26. t get
27. have passed 28. extending 29. yurself 30. where
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了在任何一个拥挤的人行道上,你都会看到人们低下头,眼睛向下看。最近一项针对大学生的研究发现,四分之一的人在过十字路口时会全神贯注地玩手机。
【21题详解】
考查固定短语。句意:最近一项针对大学生的研究发现,四分之一的人在过十字路口时会全神贯注地玩手机。短语be absrbed in表示“全神贯注于……”,此处主句fund可知为一般过去时,从句用一般过去时,主语为a quarter f peple,谓语用复数。故填were absrbed。
【22题详解】
考查介词。句意:它还会改变你的情绪,你走路的方式等等,并影响你从A点到B点而不遇到麻烦的能力。后跟动名词作宾语,表示“不”应用介词withut。故填withut。
【23题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意:当你一边走路一边使用手机时,你会自动调整你的移动方式。引导宾语从句,从句缺少方式状语,故填hw。
【24题详解】
考查状语从句。句意:如果/既然步行占你日常体育活动的很大一部分,那么走得慢一点可能会对你的健康产生影响。此处可理解为条件状语从句,表示“如果”应用if;或理解为原因状语从句,表示“既然”用since。故填if/since。
【25题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:走路时低头看智能手机也会增加施加在脖子和上背部肌肉上的力量,这会降低平衡能力,增加跌倒的风险。此处place与frce构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填placed。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:看来,为了获得这些好处,你的注意力应该放在环境上,而不是手机上。此处get在句中作目的状语,应用不定式。故填t get。
【27题详解】
考查时态。句意:一些城市,如檀香山,已经通过了法律来控制分心的行人。表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响用现在完成时,主语为cities,助动词用have。故填have passed。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:研究人员利用2011年至2019年政府数据,发现了近3万起由手机引起的步行损伤。此处extend与date构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填extending。
【29题详解】
考查代词。句意:如果你被手机分散了注意力,你肯定会把自己置于危险之中。结合语境,此处指“你自己”应用反身代词yurself。故填yurself。
【30题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:如果你一边走路一边使用电子设备,在楼梯、人行横道和杂乱或不平整的地面附近停下来,因为这些地方更容易发生事故。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词stairs, crsswalks and messy r uneven grund,在从句作地点状语,故填where。
(六)
(2024年嘉定区二模)
The Day I Survived
It had been raining buckets that week, and authrities had issued a fld warning, thugh nt fr where I was. Still, I had placed sandbags n the flr utside my garden dr just in case.
As I was drifting ff t sleep, I suddenly heard the sund f rushing water, _____21_____ ________I were lying beside a waterfall instead f in my bedrm. When I _____22_____(swing) my legs ff the bed, I was shcked by the sensatin f cld water lapping against my knees and rising fast.
_____23_____(feel) my way in the darkness, I grabbed my phne and turned n the flashlight. As I stepped ut f my bedrm, water was shting thrugh the gaps f the garden dr. The water _____24_____have gne ver the sandbags, I thught. All arund me, my things began t flat: chairs, bkshelves, and pieces f my drum set.
I heard the garden dr starting t break dwn _____25_____the pressure f the fld, and the water was nw up t my waist. I began t panic. In bare feet and with my shrts _____26_____(glue) t my bdy, I started t walk t my nly escape: the dr that leads upstairs.
I struggled t the dr and tried t pull it pen, but the frce f the water wuldn’t let me d s. I lked arund and grabbed a brm _____27_____was flating behind me. Using it t pry (撬) pen the dr, I managed t make a gap f abut a ft, just wide enugh _____28_____(frce) myself thrugh. Finally, I made it utside. If I had wken up just a few minutes later, I wuld have drwned. The entire neighbrhd was destryed by the fld.
Later, we _____29_____(assure) that smething like this happens nly nce every 100 years. I hpe s. It pains me t see ______30______was nce a lvely, czy street nw turns int a waterscape.
【答案】21. as if 22. swung 23. Feeling 24. must 25. under
26. glued 27. that##which 28. t frce 29. have been assured##are assured 30. what
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者经历洪水成功逃生的经历。
【21题详解】
考查状语从句。句意:我正迷迷糊糊地睡着,突然听到哗哗的水声,仿佛我不是躺在卧室里,而是躺在瀑布旁边。引导方式状语从句,表示“好像”应用as if,从句用虚拟语气。故填as if。
【22题详解】
考查时态。句意:当我把腿从床上甩下来时,我被冷水拍打着我的膝盖并迅速上升的感觉所震惊。根据后文was可知应用一般过去时。故填swung。
【23题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在黑暗中摸索着前进,我抓起手机,打开手电筒。此处feel与逻辑主语I构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语,首字母大写。故填Feeling。
【24题详解】
考查情态动词。句意:我想,水一定淹过了沙袋。此处表示对过去的肯定猜测,用must have dne。故填must。
【25题详解】
考查介词。句意:我听到花园的门在洪水的压力下开始破裂,现在水已经到我的腰了。我开始恐慌起来。结合句意“在……的压力下”可知短语为under the pressure f。故填under。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:光着脚,短裤粘在身上,我开始走向唯一的逃生之路:通往楼上的门。此处shrts与glue为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。故填glued。
【27题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:我环顾四周,抓住了漂浮在我身后的一把扫帚。定语从句修饰先行词brm,在从句作主语,指物。故填that/which。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:我用它撬开了门,设法开了一个大约一英尺的缺口,刚好能勉强自己通过。此处为短语enugh t d sth.表示“足以做某事”。故填t frce。
【29题详解】
考查时态语态。句意:后来,我们确信这样的事情每100年才会发生一次。此处主语we与谓语构成被动关系,可用一般现在时的被动语态或现在完成时的被动语态,助动词用have,谓语用复数。故填have been assured / are assured。
【30题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意:看到曾经可爱舒适的街道现在变成了汪洋一片,我感到很痛苦。引导宾语从句,从句缺少主语,指物,故用what。故填what。
(七)
(2024年金山区二模)
prper wrd. Make sure that yur answers are grammatically crrect.
DNA analysis reveals tw waves f migratin
The results f the study, published in the Science Bulletin, revealed tw majr migratin waves in histry. In this pineering study, scientists frm Fudan University ___21___ (dig) int the ancient DNA f individuals buried in Gansu prvince, revealing interesting insights int the genetic makeup f Hexi Crridr residents dating back ver 12 centuries. The research emplyed ancient DNA data ___22___ (explre) human migratin alng the Hexi Crridr.
The Hexi Crridr, was a narrw yet crucial link ___23___ (cnnect) the heartland f ancient China t the Western Territry. Characterized by its lfty muntains and deserts, the ancient pathway was dtted with cities ___24___ (fund) alng shrt rivers.
Histrical dcuments attest (证实) t the Hexi Crridr’s significance as a crssrads ___25___ Western and Eastern civilizatins mixed thrugh trade, religin and ccasinal cnflicts fllwing the establishment f the Silk Rad during the Han Dynasty.
___26___ technlgical advances in bilgy pen new avenues fr explratin, archaelgists are increasingly drawn t analyzing DNA samples. Led by Wen Shaqing frm Fudan University’s Institute f Archaelgical Science, the team successfully extracted DNA data ___27___ the teeth and bnes fund at tw sites near Dunhuang.
The DNA analysis pinpinted tw utliers (异常样本) dating t the Wei Dynasty and the Tang. Further examinatin revealed ne had apprximately 50 percent western Eurasian ancestry and ___28___ 30 percent, suggesting the individuals were likely descendants f unins between western Eurasian wmen and lcal men.
___29___ the team cncluded was that the genetic mix culd be partially attributed t thse migratins. Experts said the secnd majr migratin perid ____30____ (mark) by a significant shift in the gene pl. Histrical recrds say migratin facilitated by Chinese explrer Zhang Qian’s visit t the Western Territry frm 138 BC resulted in the creatin f the Silk Rad.
【答案】21. dug##have dug 22. t explre 23. cnnecting 24. funded 25. where 26. As
27. frm 28. the ther 29 What 30. was marked
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了发表在《科学公报》上的研究结果揭示了历史上两次主要的移民浪潮。在这项开创性的研究中,复旦大学的科学家们挖掘了甘肃省埋葬的个体的古代DNA,揭示了12世纪前河西走廊居民基因组成的有趣见解。该研究利用古代DNA数据来探索河西走廊沿线的人类迁徙。
【21题详解】
考查时态。句意:在这项开创性的研究中,复旦大学的科学家们挖掘了甘肃省埋葬的个体的古代DNA,揭示了12世纪前河西走廊居民基因组成的有趣见解。此处作谓语,可理解为发生在过去用一般过去时,也可用现在完成时,主语为scientists,助动词用have。故填dug/have dug。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:该研究利用古代DNA数据来探索河西走廊沿线的人类迁徙。短语emply sth. t d sth.表示“利用某物做某事”。故填t explre。
【23题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:河西走廊是连接古代中国中心地带和西域的一条狭窄而重要的通道。分析句子结构可知cnnect与link构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填cnnecting。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:这条古老的古道以高山和沙漠为特征,沿着短河流点缀着城市。此处cities与fund构成被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。故填funded。
【25题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:历史文献证明了河西走廊作为东西方文明的十字路口的重要意义,在这里,随着汉朝丝绸之路的建立,东西方文明通过贸易、宗教和偶尔的冲突融合在一起。定语从句修饰先行词crssrads,关系词在从句作地点状语,故用where。故填where。
【26题详解】
考查状语从句。句意:随着生物学技术的进步为探索开辟了新的途径,考古学家越来越热衷于分析DNA样本。引导时间状语从句,表示“随着”应用as,首字母大写。故填As。
【27题详解】
考查介词。句意:在复旦大学考古科学研究所温少青的带领下,研究小组成功地从敦煌附近两个遗址中发现的牙齿和骨头中提取了DNA数据。此处表示“从……中”应用介词frm。故填frm。
【28题详解】
考查短语。句意:进一步的研究显示,其中一人有大约50%的西部欧亚血统,另一人有30%的西部欧亚血统,这表明这些人可能是西部欧亚女性和当地男性结合的后代。根据上文tw utliers可知,此处指两者中的另一个,应用the ther。故填the ther。
【29题详解】
考查主语从句。句意:研究小组得出的结论是,基因混合可以部分归因于这些迁徙。引导主语从句,从句缺少宾语,指物,应用what,首字母大写。故填What。
【30题详解】
考查时态语态。句意:专家表示,第二次大迁徙时期的标志是基因库发生了重大变化。主语secnd majr migratin perid与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文said可知用一般过去时的被动语态,谓语用单数。故填was marked。
(八)
(2024年静安区二模)
Beethv-hen’s first symphny
On a grey Friday mrning at a Hawke’s Bay farm, members f New Zealand’s symphny rchestra dressed in black t perfrm their latest cmpsitin in frnt f a large crwd.
The music cntained many marks f traditinal classical music, but as it began, the instruments started t make lud, rugh sunds mre cmmnly ___1___ (hear) in chicken cps than in an auditrium.
Hwever, n feathers were angered by this departure frm traditin, ___2___ the audience that gathered t listen t the cncert last week was, in fact, a cuple f thusand chickens.
The piece f music – Chk Symphny N.1 – ___3___ (create) specifically fr the birds ut f an unlikely partnership between the rchestra and an rganic free-range chicken farm which wanted a piece f chicken-friendly music t enrich its flcks’ lives.
“We’ve been playing classical music fr the chickens fr sme years nw because ___4___ is well researched that the music can calm the chickens dwn,” says Ben Bstck, ne f the tw brthers wh ___5___ (wn) the Bstck Brthers farm.
Research has shwn animals can respnd psitively t classical music, and chickens are particularly respnsive t barque (巴洛克风格), accrding t sme studies.
The cmpser, Hamish Oliver, ___6___ used the barque traditin as a starting pint and drew inspiratin frm cmpsers such as Crelli, Bach, and Schnittke, wanted the piece t be playful by including sunds frm a chicken’s wrld. “The trumpet imitates the chicken… the wdwind instruments are the cluckiest, especially if yu take the reeds ff.”
The early stages f cmpsitin were spent ___7___ (test) ut which instruments and sunds the chickens respnded t best.
“They didn’t like any big banging,” Bstck said, adding that when the birds respnd psitively t the music, they tend ___8___ (wander) farther amng the trees. Bstck nw hpes chicken farmers arund the wrld will use the piece f music t calm their wn birds.
Fr Oliver, having input frm the farmers abut ___9___ the chickens were respnding t particular sunds and instruments was a highlight f the prject.
The symphny has searched exhaustively ___10___ any ther examples f rchestras making music specifically fr chickens and believes this t be a wrld-first, says Peter Biggs, the rchestra’s chief executive.
【答案】1. heard 2. as##because 3. was created 4. it 5. wn
6. wh 7. testing 8. t wander 9. hw 10. fr
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道,介绍了为鸡演奏古典音乐的研究和实践。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:音乐中包含了许多传统古典音乐的痕迹,但随着音乐的开始,乐器开始发出响亮而粗糙的声音,这种声音更常见于鸡舍而不是礼堂。分析句子可知,sunds为名词,空处修饰名词作定语,sunds与hear构成逻辑上的被动关系,用过去分词作定语。故填heard。
【2题详解】
考查连词。句意:然而,没有人对这种与传统的背离感到愤怒,因为上周聚集在一起听音乐会的观众实际上是几千只鸡。根据n feathers were angered by this departure frm traditin(没有人对这种与传统的背离感到愤怒)及the audience that gathered t listen t the cncert last week was, in fact, a cuple f thusand chickens.(因为上周聚集在一起听音乐会的观众实际上是几千只鸡)可知,后面说明前文没有观众愤怒的原因,为原因状语从句,用从属连词as/because引导。故填as/because。
【3题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意:这首名为《Chk Symphny N.1》的音乐是专门为鸡创作的,这是管弦乐队和一家有机自由养鸡场之间不太可能的合作关系,这家养鸡场想要一首对鸡友好的音乐来丰富鸡群的生活。分析句子可知,空处缺少该句的谓语,主语The piece f music与create为被动关系,且创造曲子这件事发生在过去,用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为单数。故填was created。
【4题详解】
考查it的用法。句意:博斯托克兄弟农场的两兄弟之一本·博斯托克说:“我们给鸡放古典音乐已经有几年了,因为有充分的研究表明,音乐可以让鸡安静下来。”分析句子可知,that the music can calm the chickens dwn为句子的真正主语,后置,空处用it充当形式主语。故填it。
【5题详解】
考查动词时态。句意同上。分析句子可知,wh引导限制性定语从句,先行词为brthers,复数,作从句的主语,结合句意可知,“拥有鸡舍”是客观事实,用一般现在时,动词用原形。故填wn。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:作曲家哈米什·奥利弗(Hamish Oliver)以巴洛克传统为出发点,从科雷利(Crelli)、巴赫(Bach)和施尼特克(Schnittke)等作曲家那里汲取灵感,他希望这首曲子能通过加入鸡的世界的声音而变得有趣。分析句子可知,空处缺少关系词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Hamish Oliver,表示人,关系词作从句主语,用关系代词wh引导从句。故填wh。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:作曲的早期阶段是用来测试鸡对哪种乐器和声音反应最好。spend time (in) ding sth.为固定短语,空处应用动名词。故填testing。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:博斯托克说:“它们不喜欢大的撞击声。”他补充说,当鸟儿对音乐做出积极反应时,它们往往会在树林里飞得更远。tend t d意思为:往往,倾向于做,空处用不定式作宾语。故填t wander。
【9题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意:对奥利弗来说,从农民那里了解鸡对特定声音和乐器的反应是这个项目的一大亮点。分析句子可知,空处前面为介词abut,其后为宾语从句,从句主要成分完整,根据句意可知,此处表示“如何作出反应”,用hw引导。故填hw。
【10题详解】
考查介词。句意:交响乐团首席执行官彼得•比格斯(Peter Biggs)说,交响乐团已经竭尽全力寻找其他乐团专门为鸡创作音乐的例子,并相信这是世界上第一次。search fr为固定短语,意思为:寻找。故填fr。
(九)
(2024年浦东新区二模)
Why We Shuld Recrd Travel Mments
On a rainy summer day, I tk a train t Switzerland and trekked thrugh the mud t a medieval frtress high atp a cliff. After twisting thrugh its dimly lit crridrs, I finally _____1_____ (arrive) at the main viewpint f Cave f the Fairies: a plunging 77m waterfall that shts frm undergrund int a sparkling pl. As the waterfall wet my jacket, I clsed my eyes and tk ut my phne _____2_____ (recrd) the rush f dreamy reality befre me.
I had cme in search f a sund, nt a sight.
Thrughut my travels, I’ve fund myself _____3_____ (cllect) sund recrdings the way ther peple cllect suvenirs. Just as sme travellers take phts f landscapes r their fd, I started ding this as an artistic way t help me remember sme f the mst interesting details f my trips.
Envirnmental scientist Lauren Kuehne said, “I think that nce yu start t listen, nce yu actually start t listen, yu start t appreciate hw much _____4_____ (big) the wrld is.”
This attitude _____5_____ (ech) by Samara Kester, a retired emergency medicine physician wh nw serves n QPI’s bard. “A phtgraph is tw dimensins. _____6_____ yu are lking at smething yu’re seeing, it’s maybe 180 degrees, maybe 270 degrees. Sund is 360 degrees. Yu hear it all arund yu.” Kester explained _____7_____ teaching herself t be a better listener has nt nly expanded her sense f travel, but helped her relive her travels nce she’s back hme. “Yu immerse _____8_____ in that place again. Yu recreate thse memries and therefre recreate the feelings yu had, _____9_____ are very hard t express clearly. Yu can re-experience that and that will send yu t where yu were befre.”
Mnths later back in my L.A. hme, I find myself ppping n my headphnes and listening back t the rush f falling water inside Cave f the Fairies. When I clse my eyes, I ______10______ feel the spray f water against my skin, the sense f letting my ears lead me n a faraway adventure. Mentally, I’m right back there — if nly fr a mment.
【答案】1. arrived 2. t recrd 3. cllecting 4. bigger 5. was eched
6. When##While 7. hw 8. yurself 9. which 10. can
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者喜欢在旅行中记录声音的原因。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意:在穿过昏暗的走廊后,我终于到达了仙女洞的主要景点:一个77米高的瀑布从地下射入波光粼粼的池塘。根据上下文时态可知,这里陈述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填arrived。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:瀑布淋湿了我的夹克,我闭上眼睛,拿出手机记录下眼前的梦幻现实。分析句子结构并结合句意,这里应用不定式,作目的状语。故填t recrd。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在我的旅行中,我发现自己像其他人收集纪念品一样收集录音。find sb. ding sth.意为“发现某人在做某事”,现在分词作宾补。故填cllecting。
【4题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意:我认为,一旦你开始倾听,你就会开始意识到世界大得多。根据空前的much可知,这里表示世界大得多,应用big的比较级bigger。故填bigger。
【5题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:这种态度得到了Samara Kester的回应,她是一名退休的急诊医生,现在在QPI董事会任职。根据句意可知,这里陈述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。主语This attitude和ech(附和)之间是动宾关系,所以应用被动语态,且主语为单数,谓语be动词应用was。故填was eched。
【6题详解】
考查状语从句。句意:当你看着你看到的东西时,它可能是180度,可能是270度。分析句子结构,空处引导的是时间状语从句。根据从句中的lking at可知,这里表示延续性的动作,应用when或while引导。置于句首,首字母大写。故填When/While。
【7题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意:Kester解释说,教会自己成为一个更好的倾听者不仅扩大了她的旅行感,而且帮助她在回家后重新体验旅行。分析句子结构,空处引导一个表语从句,且从句中主谓宾结构完整,这里表示方式,应用hw。故填hw。
【8题详解】
考查代词。句意:你再次沉浸在那个地方。根据句意,主语Yu和宾语指代的事同一人,所以宾语应用反身代词yurself。immerse neself in意为“使某人自己沉浸在……中”。故填yurself。
【9题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:你重新创造了那些记忆,因此也重新创造了你的感觉,这些感觉很难清楚地表达出来。分析句子结构,空处引导一个非限制性定语从句,先行词为the feelings,指物,且空处在从句中作主语,所以应用which引导。故填which。
【10题详解】
考查情态动词。句意:当我闭上眼睛时,我能感觉到水喷在我的皮肤上,那种让耳朵带我去遥远冒险的感觉。空处应填情态动词。根据句意,这里表示能感觉到,再根据从句中的clse可知,这里表示现在的状态,应用can。故填can。
(十)
(2024年普陀区二模)
What If Yu’re Nt Gd at English?
Researchers whse first language is nt English can spend arund twice as lng reading an English scientific jurnal article as native speakers. Fr a PhD student, that can mean ___21___ (spend) up t 19 additinal wrking days per year just reading papers.
These statistics, ___22___ (publish) tday in PLOS Bilgy, might nt be shcking, researchers say, but it’s imprtant t measure the effects f language barriers n the careers f academics ___23___ are nt fluent in English. “It is the first step fr the scientific cmmunity ___24___ (make) mre effrts t slve this prblem”, says Tatsuya Aman, a bidiversity researcher at the University f Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and a c-authr f the study.
The team fund that amng scientists wh had published nly ne paper in English, scientists frm cuntries ___25___ English is generally pr spent 29.8 percent mre time writing papers than native English speakers; ___26___ frm cuntries with mderate English prficiency (能力) spent 50.6% mre time. Similarly, the researchers fund that peple frm cuntries with lw English prficiency spent an average f 90.8 percent mre time reading scientific articles ___27___ native English speakers.
At cnferences, even thse wh vercme bstacles face difficulties in presenting their wrk in English. Germana Barata, a researcher wh ___28___ (specialize) in science cmmunicatin at the State University f Campinas in Brazil, says that despite being fluent in English, she still feels uncmfrtable at times. “We ___29___ (give) the same amunt f time t present, but all that we can say in 10 minutes is different frm ____30____ a native speaker can say,” she pints ut.
【答案】21. spending 22. published 23. wh##that 24. t make 25 where 26. thse
27. than 28. specializes##is specialized 29. are given 30. what
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了母语不是英语的研究人员阅读一篇英语科学期刊文章的时间大约是母语人士的两倍。对于一名博士生来说,这可能意味着每年要多花19个工作日来阅读论文。
【21题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:对于一名博士生来说,这可能意味着每年要多花19个工作日来阅读论文。固定短语mean ding sth.表示“意味着做某事”,动名词作宾语。故填spending。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:研究人员说,今天发表在《公共科学图书馆·生物学》上的这些统计数据可能并不令人震惊,但衡量语言障碍对英语不流利的学者的职业生涯的影响是很重要的。分析句子结构可知,publish与statistics构成被动关系,应用过去分词,作定语。故填published。
【23题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:研究人员说,今天发表在《公共科学图书馆·生物学》上的这些统计数据可能并不令人震惊,但衡量语言障碍对英语不流利的学者的职业生涯的影响是很重要的。此处是限定性定语从句,修饰先行词academics,关系词在从句作主语,指人,应用关系代词wh或that引导。故填wh或that。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:澳大利亚布里斯班昆士兰大学的生物多样性研究员、该研究的合著者Tatsuya Aman说:“这是科学界为解决这个问题付出更多努力的第一步。”此处名词step由序数词修饰,常跟动词不定式,作后置定语。故填t make。
【25题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:研究小组发现,在只用英语发表过一篇论文的科学家中,来自英语普遍较差的国家的科学家比母语为英语的科学家多花29.8%的时间写论文;来自英语水平中等国家的学生花费的时间多50.6%。此处是限定性定语从句,修饰先行词cuntries,关系词在从句作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【26题详解】
考查代词。句意:研究小组发现,在只用英语发表过一篇论文的科学家中,来自英语普遍较差的国家的科学家比母语为英语的科学家多花29.8%的时间写论文;来自英语水平中等国家的学生花费的时间多50.6%。此处指代上文scientists,应用代词thse。故填thse。
【27题详解】
考查介词。句意:同样,研究人员发现,来自英语水平较低国家的人阅读科学文章的时间平均比以英语为母语的人多90.8%。根据上文“mre time”可知,此处为比较关系,应用介词than,故填than。
【28题详解】
考查时态。句意:Germana Barata是巴西坎皮纳斯州立大学专门研究科学传播的研究员,她说尽管英语流利,但她有时仍然感到不舒服。此处可用动词specialize作谓语,根据后文says可知,应用一般现在时,定语从句与先行词保持一致,用三单形式;或用短语be specialized in表示“专门从事于”。故填specializes或is specialized。
【29题详解】
考查时态语态。句意:她指出:“我们有同样的时间来演讲,但我们在10分钟内所能说的与母语人士所能说的是不同的。”主语we与谓语构成被动关系,且陈述目前事实,应用一般现在时的被动语态,谓语用复数。故填are given。
【30题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意:她指出:“我们有同样的时间来演讲,但我们在10分钟内所能说的与母语人士所能说的是不同的。”此处引导宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,指物,应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
(十一)
(2024年青浦区二模)
Number f Steps a Day It Takes t Cut Risk f Early Death
New research suggests exactly hw many steps yu need t take each day t reduce the risk f heart disease and early death. If yu ___21___ (fail) in yur pursuit f walking 10,000 steps a day — researchers have sme gd news fr yu.
They fund walking up t 10,000 steps a day reduces these risks. The lwest risk f early death was ___22___ peple wh tk 9,000 t 10,500 steps a day. When it came t aviding heart attack, peple ___23___ (manage) arund 9,700 steps a day had the lwest risks.
Experts have previusly fund peple wh spend a lt f time sitting while awake are mre likely ___24___ (suffer) an early death and develp heart disease. It has been unclear ___25___ walking can balance ut the effects f sitting dwn fr mst f the day — until nw.
A study, published in the British Jurnal f Sprts Medicine, analysed data frm 72,174 peple ___26___ (age) arund 61 frm UK. Participants wre a device fr seven days t measure their exercise levels. After a seven-year fllw-up, 1,633 deaths and 6,190 cardivascular (心脏血管的) events, such as heart attack, were recrded. The results shwed any amunt f daily steps abve 2,200 a day were linked t lwer death and heart disease —___27___ the rest f the day was spent being inactive.
Julie Ward, a senir nurse in the U.K., said, “We encurage peple t stay active fr ___28___ heart and circulatry health by ding 150 minutes f mderate exercise a week. “This can be any activity ___29___ fits int yur lifestyle, such as taking regular walking breaks away frm yur cmputer screen, ging t the gym, enjying exercise classes, r even getting ff the bus ne stp ___30___ (early) t get mre steps in.”
【答案】21. fail##have failed 22. amng##in##fr 23. managing 24. t suffer 25. whether
26. aged 27. even if##even thugh 28. their 29. that 30. earlier
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究,该研究表明每天走多少步可以降低早逝的风险。
【21题详解】
考查时态、主谓一致。句意:如果你每天走一万步的目标失败了,研究人员给你带来了好消息。根据句意及a day可知,故时态用一般现在时,且主语为yu,故谓语fail“失败”用动词原形;或者fail这一动作开始于过去,持续到现在,句子时态应用现在完成时,又因主语是yu,所以助动词用have。故填fail或have failed。
【22题详解】
考查介词。句意:早死风险最低的在那些每天走9000到10500步的人中。根据句意可知,表示“在……中”,且是很多人当中,用介词amng或in。或者翻译为“对应,对”,用介词fr。故填amng或in或fr。
【23题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在避免心脏病发作方面,每天走9700步左右的人风险最低。本句谓语为had,此处为非谓语动词,且peple与manage“完成”为主动关系,应用现在分词,作定语,修饰peple。故填managing。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:专家们此前发现,醒着时长时间坐着的人更容易早死和患心脏病。be likely t d sth.“有可能做某事”,应用suffer“(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦,受难”的不定式。故填t suffer。
【25题详解】
考查主语从句。句意:直到现在,人们还不清楚走路是否能抵消一天中大部分时间坐着的影响。分析句子结构可知,It为形式主语,本空引导主语从句,从句缺少“是否”的含义,应用whether引导。故填whether。
【26题详解】
考查形容词。句意:发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上的一项研究分析了来自英国的72174名61岁左右的人的数据。表示“年龄为……岁的”,所以用形容词aged构成形容词短语作后置定语,故填aged。
【27题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意:结果显示,每天超过2200步的步数与降低死亡率和心脏病有关——即使一天中剩下的时间都不活动。根据句意可知此处引导让步状语从句,表示“即使”,故填even if/even thugh。
【28题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意:我们鼓励人们每周进行150分钟的适度运动,以保持心脏和循环系统的健康。放在名词前面,所以用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”,故填their。
【29题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:这可以是任何适合你生活方式的活动,比如离开电脑屏幕定期散步,去健身房,参加健身课程,甚至提前一站下车多走几步。分析句子结构可知,本空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是activity,指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,前面有any修饰,应用关系代词that引导。故填that。
【30题详解】
考查副词比较级。句意:这可以是任何适合你生活方式的活动,比如离开电脑屏幕定期散步,去健身房,参加健身课程,甚至提前一站下车多走几步。根据句意可知此处为“早些时候”,所以用副词early的比较级作状语,故填earlier.
(十二)
(2024年闵行区二模)
By day, Rbert Tittertn is a lawyer. In his spare time, he ges n stage beside pianist Maria Rasppva—nt as a musician but as her page-turner. “___21___ nt being a trained musician, I’ve learned t read music t assist Maria in her perfrmance.”
Mr Tittertn is chairman f the Omega Ensemble but ___22___ (act) as the grup’s fficial page-turner fr the past fur years. His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre. In this way, the musicians dn’t have t break the flw f sund by ding it ___23___. He said he became just as nervus as thse playing instruments n stage.
Being a page-turner requires plenty f practice. Sme pieces f music ___24___ g fr 40 minutes and require up t 50 pages f turns, including back turns fr repeat passages. ___25___ matters is nstage cmmunicatin. Each pianist has their wn style f “ndding” ___26___ ( indicate) a page turn that they need t practise with their page-turner.
But like all perfrmances, there are mments ___27___ things g wrng. “I was turning the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand,” Mr Tittertn said, “Luckily, I was able t catch them and put them back.”
___28___ mst page-turners are pian students r up-and-cming cncert pianists, Ms Rasppva has nce asked her husband t help her ut n stage.
“Smetimes my husband is nt an attentive page-turner. He’s interested in the music, ___29___ (feel) every nte, but I have t say: ‘Turn, turn!’ ” she laughed. “But Rbert is ___30___ (qualified) page-turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
【答案】21. Despite 22. has acted##has been acting 23. themselves 24. can##may##might
25. What 26. t indicate 27. when 28. Althugh##Thugh##While 29. feeling
30. the mst qualified
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文,文章主要讲的是欧米茄集团的主席Rbert Tittertn作为钢琴翻页者的趣事。
【21题详解】
考查介词。句意:尽管我不是一个训练有素的音乐家,但我学会了读谱来帮助玛丽亚表演。由句意及空后的nt being a trained musician可知此处应填介词despite,空处位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Despite。
【22题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:蒂特顿先生是欧米茄集团的主席,但在过去的四年里,他一直是欧米茄集团的官方翻页者。空处为谓语动词,由时间状语fr the past fur years可知此处应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,表示“过去动作对现在造成的影响”或者“过去的动作持续到现在而且还将继续持续下去”。故填has acted/has been acting。
【23题详解】
考查反身代词。句意:这样,音乐家们就不必自己动手来破坏声音的流动。由句意及空前的the musicians dn’t have t break the flw f sund by ding it 可知此处应填反身代词themselves,指代the musicians ,作宾语。故填themselves。
【24题详解】
考查情态动词。句意:有些音乐(可能)长达40分钟,需要翻唱多达50页,包括重复段落的翻唱。由句意此处表示 “(可)能 ”,应用表示推测的情态动词can/may/might。故填can/may/might。
【25题详解】
考查主语从句。句意:重要的是台上的交流。此处为主语从句,从句缺少主语,表示“……的东西”,应用连接代词what,空处位于句首,首字母需大写。故填What。
【26题详解】
考查不定式。句意:每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”的风格来表示他们需要用翻页器练习的翻页。空处应填非谓语动词,由句意此处应填不定式形式,作目的状语。故填t indicate。
【27题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:但就像所有的表演一样,也有出错的时候。此处为定语从句,先行词为mments,从句缺少时间 状语,应用关系副词when。故填when。
【28题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意:虽然大多数翻页者都是钢琴学生或崭露头角的音乐会钢琴家,但拉斯波娃女士曾经请她的丈夫在舞台上帮助她。由句意此处为让步状语从句,且空处位于句首,应用引导词Althugh/Thugh/While。故填Althugh/Thugh/While。
【29题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:他对音乐很感兴趣,感受每一个音符,但我不得不说:“翻,翻!”她笑着说。空处为非谓语动词,He 与feel之间为主动关系,应用现在分词表示主动,作伴随状语。故填feeling。
【30题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意:“但罗伯特是我这辈子遇到的最合格的翻页者。”由句意及空后的I’ve had in my entire life可知此处意为“最合格的”,应用形容词最高级形式the mst qualified。故填the mst qualified。
十三)
(2024年松江区二模)
Remte Wrk Slws Senir Husing Market Recvery
With the rise f remte wrk, the market fr senir husing has met with prblems in its recvery. Only a few ld peple chse t live in senir-living cmmunities ___1___ the grwing senir ppulatin and the cancelatin f COVID-19 restrictins nce making family visits difficult. ___2___ this trend suggests is that peple’s shift t remte wrk cntributes t the slw rebund f the senir husing market. That is, remte wrk is keeping many lder Americans frm mving int senir-living cmmunities nce warmly ___3___ (welcme).
When mre adults began wrking remtely during the pandemic (流行病), they were able t check in n aging parents easily — they ___4___ take care f their parents’ issues n shrt ntice.
Experts have been analyzing the phenmenn in different ways. Sme fund that the greater flexibility t care fr parents ___5___ (mean) peple’s delay in sending aged parents t expensive senir-husing accmmdatins. Therefre, markets with high levels f peple wrking frm hme usually have lwer senir-husing ccupancy rates. Others said remte wrk might have sme effect but als pinted t different factrs. Fr instance, many senirs think that their family wallets are getting thinner, making sme f them reluctant ___6___ (send) t senir-living cmmunities.
The age at which peple enter senir husing is als increasing, ___7___ serves as anther sign that shws peple are chsing t delay transitining. The rising cst f senir living weighs heavily n that decisin. The CPI (cnsumer-price index) fr nursing hmes and adult day services rse 4.5% last May cmpared with ___8___ in May, 2022.
Still, many senir-husing peratrs are ptimistic. When ___9___ (illustrate) their pint, they shwed an increase in the number f peple turning 80 years ld ver the fllwing years and the actual wealth they have cllected. Mrever, they find remte wrk arrangements are decreasing in sme parts f the cuntry, ____10____ emplyees there have seen their lwered prductivity while wrking frm hme.
【答案】1. despite 2. What 3. welcmed 4. culd 5. meant 6. t be sent
7. which 8. that 9. illustrating 10. because##since##as
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了随着远程办公的流行,只有少数老年人选择住在老年生活社区,从而导致老年人住房市场缓慢反弹。尽管挑战依然存在,但许多老年住宅运营商仍持乐观态度,相信未来会有新的发展机遇。
【1题详解】
考查介词。句意:尽管老年人口不断增加,一度使家庭访问变得困难的COVID-19限制被取消,但只有少数老年人选择住在老年生活社区。分析句子可知,空前为完整的句子,表示“只有少数老年人选择住在老年生活社区”,空后为两个并列的名词短语,表示“老年人口不断增加,一度使家庭访问变得困难的COVID-19限制被取消”,前后是让步的关系,因此应用意为“尽管”的介词despite。故填despite。
【2题详解】
考查主语从句。句意:这一趋势表明,人们转向远程工作,导致老年人住房市场缓慢回升。分析句子可知,空处引导名词性从句作整个句子的主语,主语从句缺少宾语,结合句意可知,该宾语指物,应用连接代词what作引导词,且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:也就是说,远程工作使许多美国老年人无法搬进曾经受到热烈欢迎的老年生活社区。分析句子可知,空处作senir-living cmmunities的后置定语,是非谓语动词,welcme和senir-living cmmunities逻辑上是被动关系,且结合“nce”可知,动作已完成,应用welcme的过去分词形式。故填welcmed。
【4题详解】
考查情态动词。句意:当更多的成年人在疫情期间开始远程工作时,他们能够很容易地照顾年迈的父母——他们可以在短时间内照顾父母的问题。分析句子可知,空后的动词短语为原形,结合“they were able t check in n aging parents easily”可知,空处指“能够”,且描述的是过去的情况,应用情态动词culd。故填culd。
【5题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意:一些人发现,照顾父母的更大灵活性意味着人们推迟将年迈的父母送到昂贵的老年住房。分析句子可知,空处作宾语从句的谓语,结合“fund”可知,此处在叙述过去发生的事情,时态应用一般过去时。故填meant。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:例如,许多老年人认为他们的家庭钱包越来越少,这使得他们中的一些人不愿意被送到老年生活社区。根据“reluctant”可知,此处用固定短语be reluctant t d sth.表示“不愿意做某事”,且send和sme f them逻辑上是被动关系,应用send的不定式被动形式。故填t be sent。
【7题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:老年人入住老年住宅的年龄也在增加,这是人们选择推迟过渡的另一个迹象。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词指代主句内容,作从句主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
8题详解】
考查代词。句意:与2022年5月相比,去年5月养老院和成人日间服务的消费者价格指数(CPI)上涨了4.5%。分析句子可知,空处作介词with的宾语,表示对比,指代前面的The CPI (cnsumer-price index) fr nursing hmes and adult day services,为避免重复,应用代词that。故填that。
【9题详解】
考查状语从句中的省略。句意:在说明他们的观点时,他们展示了在接下来的几年里,80岁以上的人数和他们实际积累的财富的增加。分析句子可知,此处用了When引导时间状语从句,从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词,可以省略从句的主语和be动词,illustrate和被省略的主语they之间是主动关系,应用illustrate的现在分词形式。故填illustrating。
【10题详解】
考查原因状语从句。句意:此外,他们发现远程工作安排在该国某些地区正在减少,因为那里的员工发现在家工作时生产率降低了。分析句子可知,空处前后为完整的句子,空前表示“他们发现远程工作安排在该国某些地区正在减少”,空后表示“那里的员工发现在家工作时生产率降低了”,前为结果,后为原因,因此可用从属连词because、since或as引导原因状语从句。故填because/since/as。
(十四)
(2024年徐汇区二模)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
A French bakery has becme a turist attractin in Nanping twnship, which is part f Zhuhai, a castal city in Guangdng prvince.
Papa Rmantic, lcated in Beishan cmmunity, attracts a large number f Chinese and freigners alike. After ____21____ (taste)the bakery’s bread, sme Chinese students wh have returned frm abrad have expressed admiratin, while freigners wh lived in Zhuhai but mved t ther Chinese cities such as Beijing ____22____ (cntinue) t have bread and pastries frm the shp ____23____ (ship) t them.
The bakery is a welcming envirnment fr thse wh want t sit and enjy authentic French cuisine.
On ne side is a well-preserved ld ancestral hall, and n the ther side are lush trees that prvide shade ____24____ the sun. The shp has a bright strefrnt, and the arma f the bread, the aluminum tables and the chairs under sun umbrellas display a peaceful atmsphere away frm the hustle and bustle.
At Papa Rmantic, the best-selling items include baguettes, crissants, sandwiches, crepes and ckies. In additin, sme unique treats such as fig bread and clrful macrns are als ppular amng yung custmers.
Owner and baker Rnan Salaun, ____25____ cmes frm the Brittany regin f France, said the ingredients at his bakery ____26____ (imprt), and he refuses t use chemicals r additives in his fd.
____27____ his friends return t France, they knw they need t bring him sme crystal salt frm a natural salt pnd in France. The black pepper he uses cmes frm Madagascar.
“Simple things are imprtant, and the quality f salt and pepper makes a big difference,” Salaun said.
While remaining true t his French rts, he has als taken int cnsideratin the dietary habits f Chinese peple. “Chinese lcals prefer sft crust bread, while French like the crusty ne. I sell bth kinds. I can’t just maintain the riginal characteristics; I must adapt t lcals’ preferences,” he said.
A frmer mechanical engineer, Salaun, was sent by a Hng Kng cmpany t wrk at a furniture factry in Wanzai twnship, Zhuhai, in Nvember 2000. He said he culdn’t have imagined hw much his life wuld change with that mve.
At that time, Wanzai was a tiny twn ____28____ (brder) Maca knwn fr its flwer trade.
Fr Salaun, life in Wanzai seemed simple and rustic. He remembers____29____ when he wanted t take a bath, he had t heat the water up with firewd and then transprt the water in a bucket t the bathtub.
Althugh the living and wrking cnditins were nt as favrable as _____30_____ abrad, Salaun grew t lve Zhuhai, which is lcated at the muth f the Pearl River.
【答案】21. tasting 22. cntinue 23. shipped 24. frm 25. wh
26. are imprted 27. Whenever##When 28. brdering 29. that 30. thse
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章是一篇关于广东省沿海城市珠海南坪镇一家法国面包店Papa Rmantic的新闻报道。文章描述了面包店的特色、店主兼面包师Rnan Salaun的背景、以及他对食材和烘焙的坚持,展现了这家面包店如何成为一个旅游景点,并吸引了大量中外顾客的喜爱。
【21题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:一些从国外归来的中国学生尝过面包后表达了赞赏,而那些曾居住在珠海但移居到如北京等其他中国城市的外国人,也继续让店家将面包和糕点寄送给他们。非谓语动词担当介词后的宾语,表示主动关系,用动名词的主动式。故填tasting。
【22题详解】
考查时态。句意:一些从国外归来的中国学生尝过面包后表达了赞赏,而那些曾居住在珠海但移居到如北京等其他中国城市的外国人,也继续让店家将面包和糕点寄送给他们。这里为本句谓语动词,根据句意可知,从时态为一般现在时;主语为“freigners”,复数。故填cntinue。
【23题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:一些从国外归来的中国学生尝过面包后表达了赞赏,而那些曾居住在珠海但移居到如北京等其他中国城市的外国人,也继续让店家将面包和糕点寄送给他们。非谓语动词担当宾语补足语,和宾语之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填shipped。
【24题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意:一边是一座保存完好的古老祠堂,另一边是郁郁葱葱的树木,为人们提供了遮阳的地方。固定搭配prvide shade frm the sun,意为“提供遮阳处”。故填frm。
【25题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:店主兼面包师Rnan Salaun来自法国布列塔尼地区,他表示店里的食材都是进口的,并且他拒绝在食物中使用化学物质或添加剂。这里为定语从句的关系词,先行词为“Rnan Salaun”,指人,在非限制性定语从句中担当主语,用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
【26题详解】
考查时态语态。句意:店主兼面包师Rnan Salaun来自法国布列塔尼地区,他表示店里的食材都是进口的,并且他拒绝在食物中使用化学物质或添加剂。这里为从句的谓语动词,根据上下文可知,从句时态为一般现在时;主语为“the ingredients”,复数,和动词“imprt”之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填are imprted。
【27题详解】
考查状语从句。句意:当他的朋友们回到法国时,他们都知道需要给他带一些来自法国天然盐池的晶体盐。这里为状语从句的连接词,表示“当……时”或“无论……时”,用when或whenever引导;出现在句首,首字母大写。故填When或Whenever。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:当时,湾仔是一个与澳门接壤的小镇,以花卉贸易而闻名。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“a tiny twn”和动词“brder”之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式。故填brdering。
【29题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意:他记得,当他想洗澡时,必须用柴火烧水,然后将水用桶运到浴缸里。这里为宾语从句的连接词,分析句子成分可知,宾语从句不缺少成分,用that引导。故填that。
【30题详解】
考查代词。句意:虽然生活和工作条件不如国外,但Salaun渐渐爱上了位于珠江口的珠海。代指上文出现的名词“the living and wrking cnditins”,有后置定语,用冠词thse代指。故填thse。
(十五)
(2024年长宁区二模)
Bb’s prblems began during his frmative years. His parents gt divrced when he was yung, and neither f his parents wanted t raise him r his brther and sister, s he ___1___ (bring) up by a fster family chsen by a scial wrker in the cmmunity.
Unfrtunately, his fster father was a strict authritarian and ften beat him. Bb rebelled against this strict upbringing, and by the time he was eight years ld, he ___2___ (run) wild, stealing frm shps and playing truant. When he reached adlescence, smetime arund his thirteenth birthday, he had already appeared in curt several times, charged ___3___ juvenile crimes. The judge blamed his fster parents, ___4___ (explain) that children needed respnsible parents and guardians wh wuld lk after them prperly. The fster father didn’t agree with the judge and bjected t this, pinting ut that Bb’s tw brthers and sister were well-adjusted children wh behaved at hme and wrked well at schl.
This has raised sme interesting questins abut the mdern family system. ___5___ it is true that parents shuld nt be t lenient with children by letting them d ___6___ they want, ___7___ t ver-prtective by sheltering them frm the realities f life, it is als true that they shuld nt be t strict. It has als highlighted the disadvantages f the mdern nuclear family ___8___ the child has nly its mther and father t rely n r the single-parent family, in which the mther r father has t struggle particularly hard ___9___ (supprt) their dependents.
In fact, many peple believe that we ___10___ return t traditinal family values and the extended family: extensive research has shwn that children frm these families are generally better behaved and have a better chance f success in later life.
【答案】1. was brught 2. had run##ran 3. with 4. explaining 5. While##Althugh##Thugh
6. what##whatever 7. r 8. where 9. t supprt 10. shuld##will##wuld##must
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文,文章以Bb为例提出了一些关于现代家庭制度的有趣问题,也突出了现代小家庭的缺点,很多人认为我们应该回归传统的家庭价值观和大家庭。
【1题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:他的父母在他很小的时候就离婚了,他的父母都不想抚养他和他的兄弟姐妹,所以他被一个社区的社会工作者选择的寄养家庭抚养长大。主语he和动词短语bring up之间是被动关系,结合前句中的wanted可知,此处用一般过去时的被动语态,主语表示单数意义,故填was brught。
【2题详解】
考查过去完成时/一般过去时。句意:Bb对这种严格的教育方式很不服气,八岁的时候,他开始疯狂,从商店里偷东西,还逃学。结合时间状语by the time he was eight years ld可知,此处用过去完成时,也可用一般过去时,描述过去发生的动作,故填had run/ran。
【3题详解】
考查介词。句意:当他进入青春期时,大约在他13岁生日的时候,他已经多次出现在法庭上,被指控犯有青少年罪。(be) charged with“负……责任,受……指控”,固定搭配,故填with。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:法官指责他的养父母,解释说孩子需要负责任的父母和监护人来妥善照顾他们。动词explain和逻辑主语The judge之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,故填explaining。
【5题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意:虽然父母不应该对孩子过于宽容,让他们做自己想做的事,不应该过于保护他们,让他们远离现实生活,但他们也不应该过于严格。结合句意可知,此处表示让步关系,用while/althugh/thugh引导让步状语从句,首字母应大写,故填While/Althugh/Thugh。
【6题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知,空处引导宾语从句,引导词在从句中作宾语,指物,应用连接代词what或whatever(无论什么)引导,故填what/whatever。
【7题详解】
考查连词。句意同上。空后的t ver-prtective和前文t lenient之间是并列关系,表示“父母不应该对孩子过于宽容,也不应该过于保护他们”,且此处是否定句,用连词r连接,故填r。
【8题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:它还突出了现代核心家庭的缺点,在这种家庭中,儿童只能依靠母亲和父亲;在单亲家庭中,母亲或父亲必须特别努力地养活他们的受抚养人。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是the mdern nuclear family,关系词在从句中作抽象的地点状语,应用关系副词where引导,故填where。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。结合句意可知,此处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填t supprt。
【10题详解】
考查情态动词。句意:事实上,许多人认为我们应该/将会/必须回归传统的家庭价值观和大家庭:广泛的研究表明,这些家庭的孩子通常表现得更好,在以后的生活中有更大的成功机会。结合下文“extensive research has shwn that children frm these families are generally better behaved and have a better chance f success in later life.”可知,传统的大家庭的孩子通常表现得更好,在以后的生活中有更大的成功机会,此处使用情态动词shuld“应该”,will表示将来的事情、wuld表示说话人的意愿,语气较委婉以及must“必须”均可,故填shuld/will/wuld/must。
十六)
(2024年杨浦区二模)
Was Air Pllutin Mnet’s Muse (灵感之源)?
Claude Mnet was a French painter wh lived at the turn f the 20th century, frm 1840 t 1926. He is credited as the funder f impressinism, a painting style characterized by its use f many thin brushstrkes ____1____(create) a dream-like quality. Impressinist paintings are celebrated fr the way ____2____ seem t capture a sense f life in mtin. Mnet didn’t just simply paint landscapes; he wanted t cnvey the sensatins he experienced when he saw them.
Many f Mnet’s paintings prtray the passage f time, like cluds ____3____ (drift) thrugh the sky. The landscapes in his paintings ften have a misty appearance, ____4____ fg is cluding edges, and cncealing bjects that are far away. Sme researchers have suggested the mist f Mnet’s landscapes ____5____ have actually been air pllutin.
Mnet was painting at a time when heavy industry was starting t seriusly impact the envirnment. This was especially true in urban centers like Lndn and Paris. The suppsitin is that Mnet’s wrks reflect the increasing levels f air pllutin that Eurpe ____6____ (witness) in the late 19th century and early 20th century. ____7____ Mnet’s painting career prgressing, backgrund visibility in his paintings seems t gradually decrease.
In letters t his wife, Mnet smetimes described the smke and fg in Lndn, fr ____8____ he bviusly had a preference. Evidence suggests that ____9____ significant number f Mnet’s wrks were influenced, r even inspired, by the way air pllutin affected light and visin. ____10____ air pllutin was the muse fr ne f mdern histry’s greatest artists might be true.
【答案】1. t create 2. they 3. drifting 4. as if ##as thugh 5. may##might
6. witnessed 7. with 8. which 9. a 10. That
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了克劳德·莫奈作为印象派画家的贡献,以及他作品中可能受到19世纪末至20世纪初欧洲空气污染影响的讨论。
【1题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意:他被认为是印象派的创始人,印象派是一种绘画风格,其特点是使用许多细细的笔触来创造梦幻般的品质。此处为动词不定式作目的状语,故填t create。
【2题详解】
考查代词。句意:印象派绘画以其捕捉动态生活感的方式而闻名。指代“Impressinist paintings”应该用代词they作seem的主语,故填they。
【3题详解】
考查现在分词。句意:莫奈的许多画作描绘了时间的流逝,就像天空中飘过的云。drift与cluds 之间为主动关系,则使用现在分词作后置定语,故填drifting。
【4题详解】
考查从属连词。句意:他的风景画往往有一种朦胧的外观,仿佛雾笼罩着边缘,隐藏着远处的物体。此处需要表示“仿佛”的从属连词,引导方式状语从句,故填as if或as thugh。
5题详解】
考查情态动词。句意:一些研究人员认为,莫奈风景画中的雾气实际上可能是空气污染。此处需填入表示“可能”的情态动词,即may或might,“may/might have been”表示对过去的推测,故填may或might。
【6题详解】
考查时态。句意:人们猜测莫奈的作品反映了19世纪末和20世纪初欧洲日益严重的空气污染。根据“in the late 19th century and early 20th century”可知,witness使用一般过去时,故填witnessed。
【7题详解】
考查介词。句意:随着莫奈绘画生涯的发展,背景的可见度似乎逐渐降低。此处为“with的复合结构”作状语,为“with+宾语+现在分词”,故填with。
【8题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:在给妻子的信中,莫奈有时会描述伦敦的烟雾,这显然是他偏爱的。此处需填入关系代词引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语,指代先行词“smke and fg”应该使用关系代词which,故填which。
【9题详解】
考查冠词。句意:有证据表明,莫奈的很多作品都受到了空气污染对光线和视觉的影响,甚至受到了启发。固定短语a number f:许多,故填a。
【10题详解】
考查主语从句。句意:空气污染是现代历史上最伟大的艺术家之一的灵感来源,这可能是真的。空格处引导主语从句,从句的语义和成分均完整,则使用that引导主语从句,空格位于句首,故填That。
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