【暑假衔接】高中英语 新高三（高二升高三）自学课第02讲 冠词-【教师版+学生版】讲义

这是一份【暑假衔接】高中英语 新高三（高二升高三）自学课第02讲 冠词-【教师版+学生版】讲义，文件包含暑假衔接高中英语新高三高二升高三自学课第02讲冠词-教师版docx、暑假衔接高中英语新高三高二升高三自学课第02讲冠词-学生版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共17页， 欢迎下载使用。
1.掌握冠词分类。
2.正确使用冠词。
【基础知识】
一．不定冠词
1. 不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。
In a university, a Eurpean and a ne-eyed man walked alng a ne-way rad with a useful tl. This is a usual thing. 在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。
An hur ag, an hnest man accepted an unusual gift and went t finish an hnrable task.一小时前，一个诚实的人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物，去完成一项光荣的任务。
2. 不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。
The ＂Chinese Dream＂ is a dream t imprve peple’s well-being and a dream f harmny, peace and develpment.＂中国梦＂是一个改善民生的梦，是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。
3. 表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。
When the Ashleys tried t make her return, Mumbet cnsulted a lawyer, Thedre Sedgewick.
当 Ashleys一家试图让她回来时，Mumbet咨询了一个叫西奥多·塞奇威克的律师。
4. 用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间；用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。
—Excuse me, is there a Mr Tailr living in the neighbrhd？There is a parcel fr him.
—Srry, but there is n such persn here.
——劳驾，这个居民点住着一位名叫Tailr的先生吗？这里有他的包裹。
——对不起，这儿没有这么一个人。
5. 不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示＂再一，又一＂。
She didn’t like the clr f the tw bags and asked fr a third ne.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。
6. 表示单位时间内的频度，含有＂每＂的概念。
The medicine is t be taken three times a day. 这药每天吃三次。
7. 具有动作意义的名词在与have，take，make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，前面要加不定冠词。 如：take a lk看一看；have a try试一试。
Yu had better g t the factry and have a lk. 你最好到厂里去看一看。
8.不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：a waste f浪费……；all f a sudden突然地；as a rule通常。
It hit me all f a sudden that I had frgtten her birthday.我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。
二．定冠词
1．the用在最高级或序数词前面或由nly, very, same等修饰的名词前面。
Is this the first time yu have visited Qingda?
这是你第一次游览青岛吗？
China is ne f the richest cuntries in natural resurces in the wrld.
在自然资源方面，中国是世界上最富有的国家之一。
2．the用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。
the wunded 伤员 the rich 富人
The Greens are n hliday nw.
格林一家(夫妇)现在正在度假。
3．the用在年代、朝代及逢十的数词(表示某个年代)前。
the Tang Dynasty 唐朝
in the 1990's 在20世纪90年代
4．the与形容词或副词的比较级连用，一般用于以下两种情况：
①用于“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构中，表示“越……越……”之意。
The mre we d fr the peple, the happier we'll be.
我们为人民做得越多就越幸福。
②用在“the＋比较级＋f the tw”结构中，表示“两个中较……的一个”。
She is the taller f the tw girls.
她是两个女孩子中个子较高的那一个。
5．用于固定结构“动词＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体某一部位”中。
An apple fell frm the tree and hit him n the head.
一个苹果从树上落下，砸在了他的头上。
6．用在表示度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。如by the hur/day/week/year/dzen/yard/tn/kil，但size/weight/
time这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。
We gt paid by the mnth.
我们按月计酬。
Meat is sld by weight.
肉按重量出售。
三．零冠词
1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。
Teachers are badly needed in the remte districts.
偏远地区非常需要教师。
2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。
Dr. Peter Spence，headmaster f the schl，tld us，＂A fifth f pupils here g n t study at Oxfrd and Cambridge.＂
这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们，这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。
3.月、季、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词。
A year can be divided int fur seasns — spring，summer，autumn and winter.
一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。
4.n与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。
There is n such thing as a free lunch in the wrld.
天下没有免费的午餐。
5.在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词，但becme后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。
He became a dctr while his brther turned teacher.
他成了一名医生而他弟弟当了教师。
四．含有冠词的固定短语
1．含不定冠词的固定搭配
as a result 因此
as a rule 通常
as a whle 总体上
at a lss 不知所措
in a hurry 匆忙
in a wrd 总之
pay a visit t 拜访
put an end t 结束
nce in a while 偶尔
nce upn a time 从前
all f a sudden 突然
be n a diet 节食
in a shrt while 不久
have/catch a cld 感冒
make a living 谋生
have/take a rest 休息
as a matter f fact 事实上
in a sense 在某种意义上
in a way 在某种程度上
keep an eye n 照看，留意
have a gift fr 在某方面有天赋
give sb a lift 让某人搭便车
2．含定冠词的固定搭配
in the end 最后
in the way 挡道
in the distance 在远处
by the way 顺便说一下
n the whle 总的来说
at the same time 同时
t tell the truth 说实话
fr the time being 暂时
n the spt 在现场
nt in the least 一点也不
the ther day 前几天
take the place f 代替
at the mment 此刻，目前
t the pint 切题
make the mst/best f充分利用
n the ther hand 另一方面
in the middle f 在……中间
3．含零冠词的固定搭配
at present 目前
take part in 参加
in peace 平静
by chance/accident 碰巧
n purpse 故意
lse heart 灰心
ut f cntrl 失控
ut f wrk 失业
ahead f time 提前
in advance 提前
by law 根据法律
by mistake 由于差错
under repair 处于维修中
day and night 整日整夜
at risk 有危险
in danger 处于危险之中
frm mrning till night 从早到晚
n secnd thughts 再想一想
【考点剖析】
1.It has been a majr part f traditinal Chinese culture and cntinues t play ________ vital rle in medical treatment in China tday.
But these stries abut bad luck shuld be taken with a grain f salt. In ther wrds, listen t a stry r ________ explanatin with suspicin and distrust.
As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitr’s memry. It sure des in mine .While yu’re in China, Munt Huangshan is ________ must t visit!
4．It’s nt all that hard t build an advanced and large vcabulary. Like many things in life, it’s __________ nging prcess.
5．What did she d t deserve such ________ hnr? Cmpared with ther male pets in China, wh have left hundreds r even thusands f pems，she has nly eighty­seven.
6.He expected that the experiment wuld be ________ success.
7．Nw we knw that they have ________ same features that can als be fund in sharks arund Australia and the Suth Sea.
8.Unexpectedly，I'm face-t-face with the grilla，wh begins screaming at ________ tp f her lungs. That makes her baby scream，and then a 400-pund male appears.
9.Sme reprts als shw that ________ number f giant pandas in the wild is n the rise.
10.They have a different kind f superpwer that all f us pssess: the pwer t make ________ difference in the lives f thers.
【真题演练】
1.(2015·陕西·高考真题） mre learned a man is, mre mdest be usually becme.
A．The ; theB．A; aC．The ; aD．A; the
2．（2011·山东·高考真题）Take yur time─it’s just ________ shrt distance frm here t ________ restaurant.
A．不填；theB．不填；a
C．the; aD．a; the
3．（2007·江苏·高考真题）We have every reasn t believe that_______2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be_____success.
A．不填; aB．the; 不填C．the; aD．a; a
4．（2011·浙江·高考真题）Experts think that ____recently discvered painting may be _____ Picass
A．the.不填B．a;theC．a;不填D．the;a
5．（2014·陕西·高考真题）________ village where I was brn has grwn int ________ twn.
A．The; aB．A; the
C．The; theD．A; a
【过关检测】
1. Chinese usually set ff crackers during________Spring Festivals.
A. aB. anC. theD. /
2. Jenny didn’t remember the exact date f the strm, but she knew it was ______ Sunday because she was at ______ church.
A. a; theB. a; /C. the; aD. the; /
3. Tm was happy t get a chance t play _________ftball fr the schl team.
A. aB. anC. theD. 不填
4.. In my hmetwn there used t be ________ heavy rain nw and then, and the river arund ________ twn rse a lt after the rain.
A. a, aB. /, /C. a, theD. /, a
5. The library in ur schl is______eye-catching building.
A. 不填B. anC. aD. the
6. Mrs. Taylr has ______ 8-year-ld daughter wh has ______ gift fr painting.
A. a; aB. an; theC. an; aD. the; a
7.. One f the mst wnderful migratins in ________ nature is that f ________ Nrth American mnarch butterfly.
A. the; /B. /; theC. /; /D. the; the
8. My mther asked me t repeat ________telephne number ________secnd time s that she culd write it dwn.
A. the ; aB. an ; theC. an ; aD. the ; the
9. The wman wh used t be in ________ charge f a big cmpany is in ________ charge f a nurse at present.
A. the；不填B. the；the
C. 不填；不填D. 不填；the
10. I patted him n ________ shulder, saying in ________ encuraging vice, "Yu can d it!”
A. the; anB. his; anC. the; /D. his; /