新高考英语一轮复习专题三动词课件

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习专题三动词课件，共60页。

一、动词的概念、分类及形式二、时态三、语态四、主谓一致五、非谓语形式
一、动词的概念、分类及形式1. 概念　　动词是用来描述主语的动作、行为或状态的词，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么，是句子不可缺少的部分。
2. 分类（1）按句法功能
2. 分类（2）按动作状态
3. 形式　　实义动词有五种形式：原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。（1）第三人称单数变化规则
（2）过去式、过去分词变化规则
说明：部分实义动词的过去式、过去分词形式并不遵循变化规则，详见附录“常见不规则动词变化表”。
（3）现在分词变化规则
二、时态　　在英语中，时态表示一个动作在某一时间所处的状态。 英语时态中的时间有4种（现在、过去、将来、过去将来），状态有4种（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。将4种时间和4种状态进行排列组合，就构成了16种不同的动词时态（高中阶段和高考要求掌握10种时态）。
（1）构成：动词原形/动词的第三人称单数形式(d/des)或be动词(am/is/are)（2）基本用法
温馨提示　常与一般现在时连用的时间状语有：①频度副词：never从不、seldm很少、smetimes有时、ften经常、usually通常、always总是;②其他时间状语：nce in a while偶尔、nce a week一周一次、twice a mnth每月两次、frm time t time时不时、at weekends在周末、every day/week/mnth/year每天/周/月/年等。
温馨提示　常用一般现在时表将来的动词有cme、g、arrive、leave、begin、start、return等。
2. 一般过去时(1)构成：动词的过去式(did)或be动词(was/were)(2)基本用法
温馨提示　常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有:①具体时间词:yesterday昨天、yesterday mrning/afternn/evening昨天早上/下午/晚上、nce曾经等;②其他时间状语:last night/year昨晚/去年、a few days ag几天前、the ther day几天前、at that time当时、at that mment在那一刻、just nw刚刚、in 2005在2005年、in the ld days在过去的岁月里等。
3.一般将来时和过去将来时(1)构成和用法
3.一般将来时和过去将来时(2)表示将来意义的其他方式
4.现在进行时和过去进行时(1)构成及基本用法
4.现在进行时和过去进行时(2)特殊用法
温馨提示　有些动词(短语)通常不用于进行时态。①感官动词:see、hear、feel、smell、sund、taste、ntice等;②表示情感、想法的动词:lve、like、hate、understand、believe、think(认为)、mind、agree等;③表示状态的动词(短语):have、want、wn、pssess、seem、belng t等;④非延续性动词:accept、allw、decide、give、receive、prmise等。
5.将来进行时(1)构成:will/shall be ding(2)用法:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态,或按计划、安排将要发生 的事情。常用的时间状语有sn、then、in tw days、this time tmrrw、tmrrw mrning、at 9:00 next Mnday、frm 10:00 t 11:00 tmrrw、the day after tmrrw等。I will be waiting fr yu at the schl gate then.届时我将在学校大门口等你。This time tmrrw we'll be sitting in the cinema and watching a film.明天这个时候我们将坐在电影院里看电影。
6.现在完成时(1)构成:have/has+过去分词(dne)(2)用法
温馨提示    ①常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有already、yet、ever、befre、lately、recently、up t nw、s far、since+过去的时间点/从句、fr+时间段、during/in the past/last+时间段等。②在现在完成时的肯定句中,与表示一段时间的状语连用时,谓语动词必须是延续性动词;非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,若要连用,须将非延续性动词替换成相应的延续性动词。Harry has gt married fr six years.[×]Harry gt married six years ag.哈里六年前结的婚。[√]Harry has been married fr six years.哈里结婚已经六年了。[√]
7.过去完成时(1)构成:had+过去分词(dne)(2)用法
温馨提示　常与过去完成时连用的时间状语有by+过去时间点、by the end f++过去时间点、befre+过去时间点/从句、when+表示过去时间的从句等。
8.现在完成进行时(1)构成:have/has been ding(2)用法:表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在,这个动作可能刚刚结束,也可能 仍在继续,强调动作的持续过程。It has been raining heavily all day.大雨下了一整天了。Yu are ut f breath. Have yu been running?你气喘吁吁的,你刚刚一直在跑步吗?
三、语态1. 常见时态的被动语态
We were given much help by the ld wrkers.老工人们给我们许多帮助。I'm afraid I am being fllwed.恐怕我被人跟踪了。The case has recently been tried.案子最近已经审过了。All the tickets had been sld ut when they arrived.他们到达时,所有的票已经售完。
2. 含情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+be+过去分词(dne)This can be dne by hand.这可以手工做。The envirnment shuld be imprved.环境应当改善。
3.主动与被动的转换　　将主动语态转换为被动语态的核心是将主动句中的宾语转换成主语。以下介绍 几种常见结构的主动语态与被动语态之间的转换。(1)主语+谓语+宾语
 (2)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语①将间接宾语变为被动句的主语时,保留直接宾语。
 ②将直接宾语变为被动句的主语时,间接宾语的前面要加上介词t或fr。
 注意　并非所有双宾语结构都能变成两种形式的被动句。当直接宾语是从句时,就不 能变为被动句的主语。
(3)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语　　用于这种结构的常考动词包括think、believe、knw、suppse、expect等。 将宾 语变为被动句的主语时,宾语补足语变为主语补足语。Yin and yang are believed t frm the unity f ppsites.阴阳被认为是对立统一的。Educatin is suppsed t be the mst imprtant issue faced by the gvernment.教育被认为是该政府面临的最重要的问题。
4.主动形式表示被动意义
四、主谓一致　　主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致遵循三个基本原则: 
1. Ever since Neil Armstrng first set ft n the Mn back n 20 July 1969, peple 　     (becme) accustmed t the ntin f space travel.(外研XB4U6)2. On 7 May 1824, a crwd f music lvers 　　　　    (stream) int a theatre in Vienna t hear the first-ever perfrmance f the great Ludwig van Beethven's Symphny N. 9.(译林XB1U2)3. Reading a bk and watching a film 　　　　    (be) tw very different experiences, but it's nrmal t have high expectatins when a film f a favurite bk is made.(北师大XB2U6)4. Humur isn't just abut laughter, but is a way f life and a tl that can 　　　　     (use) t illuminate the wrld.(外研XB1U1改)
5. By the time he was a teenager, he 　　　　    (enjy) a reputatin as a wnderful yung musician.(译林XB1U2改)6. If an advertisement 　　　　    (place) n a ppular website r n TV at peak times, a huge number f peple will knw abut the prduct r service it is advertising.(译林XB2U1)7. A famus art cllectr 　　　　    (walk) thrugh the city when he nticed a dirty cat lapping milk frm a saucer in the drway f a stre. (北师大XB2U4)8. Whatever yur pinin, peple 　　　 　    (express) their thughts and ideas thrugh art fr thusands f years. (外研XB1U4)
was walking
have been expressing
五、非谓语形式 在英语中，一个主谓结构只能有一个谓语动词，再出现动词时，就要使用非谓语形式。1. 非谓语的各种形式及其句法功能
2. 非谓语形式作主语（1）基本用法
2. 非谓语形式作主语
1. In mst cuntries, 　　　　    (turn) 18 marks the start f adulthd. (外研XB2U1)2. Althugh highly regarded bks d nt always make gd films, it is safe 　　　　     (say) that great films may be made frm nt particularly gd bks. (北师大XB2U6)3. It has been knwn fr sme time that plants use chemicals t cmmunicate with each ther. This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets 　　　　    (attack) by insects. (外研XB1U5)
4.非谓语形式作宾语(1)作动词的宾语
(2)作介词的宾语介词后往往用动名词作宾语。They brke int lud cheers n hearing the news.一听到这个消息他们都高声欢呼。Dressing well is abut being plite.穿着讲究是有教养的表现。Reading a gd bk is like talking with a lfty persn.读一本好书就像是和一位高人谈话。
(3)it作形式宾语不定式或动名词作宾语时,如果宾语后带有宾补,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语后置,构成结构:v.+it+n./adj.+t d/ding。I find it my respnsibility t help thse in need.我觉得帮助那些需要帮助的人是我的责任。I cnsider it imprtant t always be kind and respectful t thers.我认为总是善待和尊重他人是很重要的。We think it useless learning a thery withut practice.我们认为学习理论而不实践是没有用的。
即练即清31. One medical text frm the furth century suggested 　　　　    (use) the extract frm sweet wrmwd t treat a fever. (人教XB1U1)2. If we grw up eating certain fds in ur family, then thse fds tend 　　　　     (link) with psitive emtins. (译林XB1U1)3. Key duties include 　　　　    (explre) the islands f the Great Barrier Reef and 　     　　    (find) ut what the area has t ffer. (外研XB1U6改)
t be linked
5.非谓语形式作补语(1)非谓语形式作宾语补足语
(2)with的复合结构
(3)作主语补足语在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果变为被动语态,则需要将宾语前置,变成主语,此时, 原来的宾补就成了主补。She is said t be ver 100.据说她有100多岁了。 Bell was cnsidered t have invented the telephne.大家认为是贝尔发明了电话。The dr was left firmly fastened.门紧锁着。Tm was caught dzing ff in class.汤姆被发现上课时打瞌睡。
即练即清41. Sme children dn't feel like laughing, especially if they're in pain. We have t wrk clsely with the dctrs and nurses, wh keep us 　　　　    (update) n each patient. (外研XB1U1改)2. Despite his father's successful career, Stephen was thught by many peple, including his high schl teammates and caches, 　　　　    (be) t shrt, t thin and t weak t fllw in his father's ftsteps. (外研XB1U3)3. With us lng 　　　　    (believe) that talking plants are fantasy, new research has re- vealed smething amazing: it appears that plants can cmmunicate after all. (外研XB1U5)
温馨提示　 t be dne、being dne与dne作定语的区别a meeting t be held tmrrw一场明天将要举行的会议(表被动,表将来)a meeting being held at present 一场此刻正在进行的会议(表被动,表正在进行)a meeting held yesterday一场昨天举行的会议(表被动,表完成)
即练即清51. T get this jb, the candidates had t make a shrt vide 　　　　    (shw) hw much they knew abut the Great Barrier Reef.  (外研XB1U6改)2. In additin t making peple aware f a prduct r service, a successful advertisement will als create a desire 　　　　    (buy), thus bsting business. (译林XB2U1)3. Despite the challenges, there have been sme highly successful films 　　　　     (make) frm ppular bks. (北师大XB2U6)4. In just ne day, a persn can see hundreds f 　　　　    (market) messages. (译林XB2U1)5. The first landmark 　　　　    (catch) my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the wrld's lngest bridge 　　　　    (build) ver permafrst. (外研XB1U6)
即练即清61. Maybe animals evlved as they adapted t their changing envirnments? It was just an idea, but enugh 　　　　    (inspire) Darwin t lk fr mre evidence. (外研XB1U5)2. This fungal(真菌的) netwrk links the rts f different plants t each ther. 　　　         (use) the wd wide web, plants can share infrmatin and even fd with each ther.  (外研XB1U5)3. 　　　　    (knw) as the wrld's largest sprting gala in scale, the 19th Asian Games Hangzhu are nt nly a platfrm fr the athletes t cmpete, but als a stage fr peple t cmmunicate.
8.其他用法(1)疑问词+不定式疑问词hw、when、where、which、what等后面跟不定式构成“疑问词+不定式”结 构,可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。Hw t slve the prblem has nt been decided yet.(作主语)如何解决这一问题还未决定。I knw where t find the by.(作宾语)我知道去哪儿找到那个男孩。The questin is hw t learn English well.(作表语)问题是如何学好英语。
(2)动名词的复合结构 当动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,动名词就需要加上自己的逻辑主语,这样 就构成了动名词的复合结构,即“名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+动名词(ne's ding)”或“名词/代词+动名词(sb./sth. ding)”。
1. Butterfly Lvers cmbines Chinese and Western musical elements: it 　　　　    (play) n Western instruments such as the vilin, but mre significantly, much f the music has its rts in Chinese Yue Opera. (译林XB1U2)2. As Helen's knwledge and vcabulary 　　　　    (expand), she asked mre and mre questins. (北师大XB2U5)3. Even if news reprts 　　　　    (write) frm basically the same perspective, they may cntradict each ther in terms f factual details, as events in the real wrld are usually cmplicated and cnstantly changing. (译林XB2U1)
are written
4. It was the first time Helen 　　　　     (understand) such a cmplex wrd—a wrd fr smething she culdn't tuch. (北师大XB2U5)5. He left England n the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The jurney gave him the chance 　     　　    (study) varius living things in their natural envirnments. (外研XB1U5)6. The mre we like the brand ambassadr, the mre we 　　　 　    (attract) t buy the prduct. (译林XB2U1)7. The yung man in questin, Charles Darwin, was a gelgist and naturalist, 　　　         (fascinate) by rcks, plants and animals. (外研XB1U5)8. Tday, On the Origin f Species 　　　　    (regard) as ne f the mst imprtant wrks ever written. (外研XB1U5)
had understd
will be attracted
is regarded
9. Sme bks are just t difficult 　　　 　    (adapt) fr technical reasns, althugh films like The Life f Pi are changing this idea. (北师大XB2U6)10. 　　　　    (lcate) at ver 5, 000 metres abve sea level, Tanggula statin is the highest railway statin in the wrld. (外研XB1U6改)11. In a wrld still 　　　　    (face) s many prblems, it is abslutely essential fr us all t cllabrate t create a glbal cmmunity with a shared future f peace and prsperity.  (外研XB2U4)12. Nwadays, peple eat salted duck all year rund and it is estimated that tens f thu- sands f ducks 　　 　　    (cnsume) every day in Nanjing! (译林XB1U1)
t be adapted
are cnsumed
13. Peple in ancient China began grwing wild rice, 　　　　    (learn) hw t cultivate rice in fields and imprve its quality. (2024届山东青岛莱西教学质量检测)14. The Beijing Marathn 　　　　    (becme) ne f the mst ppular marathns in the wrld in the past years, attracting thusands f participants frm all ver the wrld. (2024届辽宁朝阳期中)15. It is well knwn that Chinese peple prefer ht meals every day, and they're als used t 　　　　    (have) ht drinks with it. (2024届江苏泰州姜堰期中)16. A grup f Nrthern Ireland schlchildren 　　　　    (warm) the hearts f Chinese guests n a cld December day when they perfrmed Chinese sngs. (2024届山东青岛期中联考)
17. Arched bridges, smetimes 　　　　    (call) mn bridges, are high enugh in the middle fr bats t get past under. (2024届河南许昌禹州高级中学月考)18. Flames in kilns(窑) arund China have been burning since the Xia and Shang dynas- ties. Alng the way, prcelain 　　　　    (create). (2024届河南新乡阶段测)19. Even when prcelain was brken int pieces and buried deep in mud, the cultural val- ues 　　　　    (attach) t it wuld never disappear. (2024届河南新乡阶段测)20. She even inquired abut where 　　　　    (purchase) the same mattress as she used in the Asian Games Village. (2024届山西吕梁第一次模拟)
was created
21. The vide 　　　　    (pst) by the researchers n scial media platfrms and imme- diately became a trending tpic nline. (2024届江西萍乡第一次模拟)22. The dragn is believed 　　　　    (cntrl) the waters, and is als assciated with the idea f the yang. (2024届福建福州闽江口协作体期中)23. During the weeklng public hliday, numerus vacatiners, especially the yung 　     　　    (lng) t escape busy city life, avided ppular hliday destinatins in rder t en- jy sme peace and quiet. (2024届福建师大附中期中)24. The lin dance 　　　　    (perfrm) during festivals and celebratins t bring gd luck and prsperity t the cmmunity. (2024届福建福州闽江口协作体期中)
is perfrmed
25. Simplified characters are cnvenient fr peple 　　　　    (write) and their usage has becme mre and mre ppular. (2024届福建四校联考)26. Accrding t data released by the Natinal Health Cmmissin, by the end f 2021, China had the largest number f dgs in the wrld, with ver 12 millin peple 　　　         (bite) each year. (2024届福建厦门双十中学期中)27. Recently, reverse(反向的) turism 　　　　    (emerge) as a new trend in China. (2024届福建师大附中期中)28. What makes us 　　　　    (trap) in wrries mst is that we're nt getting enugh sleep, less than seven hurs a night. (2023江苏南京六校联考)
has emerged
29. It takes 72 steps 　　　　    (prduce) Lngquan celadn's jade-like green. 30. A philspher cmmented that nbdy knew what 　　　 　    (happen) t the Earth in a century's time. 31. Early t bed and early t rise 　　　　    (make) a man healthy, happy and wise.32. The Asian Games Memries, a remarkable cultural activity, invites the public 　　     　     (share) their persnal experiences and memries f the previus editins f the Games, and t express their expectatins and wishes fr the future f the Games.33. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 'clck this afternn because she 　　 　　     (teach) a class at that time.
wuld happen
will be teaching
34. It includes the histry f AI and hw the technlgy can 　　　　    (apply) in areas such as facial recgnitin, autmatic driving and public security.35. Dai Bin, chairman f the academy, said at an nline cnference that with mre rural residents　　　　    (spend) time n leisure activities, the turism market and travel cm- panies will embrace new grwth in the future.36. I 　　　　    (drive) dwn t Lndn when I suddenly fund that I was n the wrng rad.37. It is estimated that by the end f this year, the number f peple using hanfu prducts in China will reach 6.89 millin, with ttal sales 　　　　    (expect) t reach 10.16 bil-lin yuan.
was driving