新高考英语一轮复习专题四冠词、名词、代词课件

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习专题四冠词、名词、代词课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了目 录，定冠词the，零冠词，the，即练即清1，2不规则变化，可数名词，不可数名词，名词的数量修饰语，名词所有格等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、冠词二、名词三、代词
一、冠词1. 不定冠词a/an　　a用于以辅音音素（而不是辅音字母）开头的单词前；an用于以元音音素（而不是元音字母）开头的单词前。
1. 不定冠词a/an（1）常见用法
(2)含不定冠词的常考短语
1. 不定冠词a/an
2.定冠词the(1)常见用法
(2)含定冠词的常考短语
3.零冠词(1)常见用法
(2)使用零冠词的常考短语①成对使用的名词短语
(2)使用零冠词的常考短语②其他
4.有无冠词意义不同的情况 　　　      　      
1. It was actually a very clever means t highlight the imprtance f the Great Barrier Reef and 　　　　    need t prtect it.(外研XB1U6)2. I wndered if the first day f schl was always such 　　　　    circus.(译林XB4U4)3. Anne was a teacher and frmer student at a schl fr 　　　　    blind in Bstn. (北师大XB2U5)4. We absrb these marketing messages withut thinking abut them t much,yet they will prbably have 　　　　    effect n us the next time we g shpping.(译林XB2U1)5. CGI(Cmputer Generated Image) technlgy has had a huge impact n the film indus- try. It allwed the previusly unfilmable t becme 　　　　    reality.(北师大XB2U6)
二、名词1.概念及分类　　表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等名称的词。 
2.可数名词(1)规则变化
歌诀助记　以-f或-fe结尾,复数形式为变v加-es的名词:小偷(thief)之妻(wife)生活(life)难,自己(self)扫叶(leaf)来做饭。忽见一狼(wlf)躲架(shelf)后,取刀(knife)把它劈两半(half)。
(3)复合名词的复数变化规则
(4)复数形式有特殊意义的名词
3.不可数名词(1)常见的不可数名词advice建议 baggage/luggage行李　　　　change零钱　　　　equipment设备fun乐趣　　 furniture家具　　 health健康　　 infrmatin信息jewellery珠宝　 luck运气　　 music音乐　　 news新闻prgress进步　 weather天气　　 wrk工作
(2)不可数名词的数量表达 不可数名词一般不能用数来计算,既没有单复数变化,也不能和a/an连用。如果要表达 数量的多少,常与表示数量的名词或限定词连用,即“表示数量的词+单位词+f+不可数名词”。a laf f bread一条面包　 tw pieces f advice两条建议　 many bags f gld许多袋金子
(3)不可数名词的转化
5.名词所有格(1)-'s所有格
温馨提示 表示共同所有时,只在最后一个名词后加-'s;表示各自拥有时,每个名词后都要加-'s。 Lucy and Lily's friend 露西和莉莉的朋友(两人共同的朋友)Lucy's and Lily's friends 露西的朋友和莉莉的朋友(两人各自的朋友)    
5.名词所有格(2)f所有格
(3)双重所有格 f短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的词a(n)、ne、sme、several、a few、many、 any、n等,但不能与定冠词the连用。双重所有格表示整体中的一部分。 She is a friend f Stephen's. 她是斯蒂芬的一个朋友。(强调众多朋友中的一个)6.句法功能　　名词可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语。这里重点 对名词作定语的用法进行讲解。(1)名词作定语多用来说明被修饰名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。a cttn shirt棉布衬衫　　　a tennis curt网球场　　　　summer hlidays暑假
schl educatin学校教育　　weather reprt天气预报　　air pllutin空气污染(2)多数情况下,名词作定语时要使用单数形式;但clthes、gds、sprts、sales等名词 作定语时,要用复数形式。 a glasses stre眼镜店　　 a clthes shp服装店　　 a sprts meeting运动会a sales agent销售代理　　 a custms fficer海关官员　 a savings bank储蓄银行(3)“数词+名词”作定语如果数词和名词之间有连字符,则使用单数名词作定语,不用所有格形式;如果数词和 名词之间没有连字符,则使用所有格形式作定语,且若数词大于1,名词要使用复数形式。
a fur-hur trip 4小时的旅行The village is far away frm here indeed. It's fur hurs' walk.那个村子离这儿的确很远,步行去那里有四个小时的路程。7.常见的名词后缀(详见专题二　构词法)
即练即清21. Festivals are an imprtant part f sciety. They reflect peple's wishes, 　　　　    (belief), faiths, and attitudes twards life. (人教B3U1)2. I can't even imagine ging withut scial netwrking fr a week—think f all the imprtant appintments, invitatins and news 　　　　    (update) yu wuld miss! (北师大XB1U1)3. Written Chinese has als becme an imprtant means by which 　　　　    (China) present is cnnected with its past. (人教B1U5)
4. It is advisable t remember that jurnalists may have different 　　　　    (pririty), which wuld influence hw they reprt an event. (译林XB2U1)5. Hw t prtect the delicate ecsystem was amng the tp 　　　　    (cncern).(外研XB1U6)
三、代词　　代词可以用来代替名词,也用来代替起名词作用的短语、分句或句子等。1.人称代词(1)基本用法
Lyalty must be earned. It can't be bught.忠诚必须被赢得。它是买不来的。(作主语)Dr. Lee always takes his time as he examines his patients and treats them with great care.李医生总是耐心地检查病人并非常细心地治疗。(作动词的宾语)I explained my difficulty t him.我向他解释了我的困难。(作介词的宾语)What wuld yu d if yu were her?如果你是她,你会怎么办?(作表语)温馨提示    ①人称代词应与其代替的词在人称和数上保持一致。Meat is mre expensive than it used t be.肉比从前贵了。The students must be made t understand hw imprtant each subject is t them.
必须让学生明白每门功课对他们来说有多么重要。②当人称代词用于不带谓语的句子中时,常使用宾格形式。—I'd like t g t climb the muntain this weekend.这个周末我想去爬山。—Me, t.我也想去。
(2)特殊用法①he可以用来指代雄性动物或庞大、威猛之物,也可以指代性别不明者。The dg waved his tail when he saw his master.狗看见主人时摇起了尾巴。②she可以用来指代雌性动物或柔弱、优美之物,也可以用来指代月亮、国家、船舶 等无生命之物,以表达对其喜爱之情或亲昵。In spring Nature awakens frm her lng winter sleep.春天,大自然从漫长的冬眠中苏醒过来。
2.物主代词(1)基本用法
They seem t be wasting their time n this prject.看来他们正在这项计划上浪费时间。(形容词性物主代词,作定语)This is nt my dictinary. Mine(=My dictinary) is lent t Lucy.这不是我的词典。我的借给露西了。(名词性物主代词,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,作主语)We'll have t separate urs frm theirs.我们得把我们的和他们的分开。(作宾语)This camera is mine and that is yurs.这部照相机是我的,那部是你的。(作表语)
①形容词性物主代词可以与wn连用,表示强调。He always has views f his wn.他总是有自己的见解。②名词性物主代词与f连用,可构成双重所有格。a friend f mine 我的一个朋友　　each sister f his他的每一个姐姐
3.反身代词　　反身代词表示谓语所表示的动作返回到动作发出者(主语)本身,也用于加强语气。(1)基本用法
Plly is nly fur,but she can feed herself.波莉只有四岁,却能自己吃饭了。(作宾语)Eva hasn't been herself recently.近来伊娃有些反常。(作表语)Educatin is nt preparatin fr life; educatin is life itself.教育不是为生活做准备,教育本身就是生活。(作同位语)(2)含反身代词的固定搭配
4.指示代词　　指示代词表示“这个,那个,这些,那些”等指示意义,常用作主语、宾语、表语。
5.不定代词　　不明确指代某个(些)人、某个(些)事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词具有名词和 形容词的性质,表示不同的数量概念。(1)bth、all,either、any,neither、nne
温馨提示    all、bth等与nt连用时,表示部分否定;如果要表示全部否定,应使用nne或neither。All that glitters is nt gld. 并不是所有发光的都是金子。Yu cannt keep bth the gifts t yurself; ne f them is fr yur brther.你不能把两个礼物都留给自己,其中一个是你弟弟的。
5.不定代词(2)eacheach作不定代词,表示“每一个”,可在句中作主语、宾语或同位语。each作定语时,常 考查其与限定词every的区别。
温馨提示    ①each作主语的同位语时,谓语动词仍与句子主语保持一致。We each have a different pint f view.我们每人都有不同的观点。②each可与f连用,后接名词复数;而every不能与f连用。Each f the answers is wrth 20 pints.每题为20分。③every可与nt连用表示部分否定,意为“并非每一个”;而each通常不用于否定句。I culdn't hear every wrd f his speech.他的演讲并非每个词我都能听见。
(3)ne(s)、the ne(s),ther(s)、the ther(s),anther
I have tw bks: ne is English, and the ther is French.我有两本书,一本是英语的,另一本是法语的。There are many bks n the table. Sme are English, and the thers are French.桌子上有许多书。一些是英语的,其余的是法语的。My questins are similar t the nes/thse yu raised.我的问题与你提出的问题相似。The ther students in my class are frm this city. 我班其余的学生来自这个城市。I dn't like this hat. Please shw me anther.我不喜欢这顶帽子。请让我看看另外一顶。We need anther three chairs. 我们还需要三把椅子。
(4)复合不定代词 由sme、any、every、n与ne、bdy、thing构成的代词为复合不定代词。这些词通常在句中作主语、宾语或表语。①基本用法
(4)复合不定代词②特殊用法
(5)含不定代词的固定搭配
即练即清31. 　　　　    takes abut twenty minutes frm the time yu start eating fr yur brain t tell yur bdy that yu are full. (人教XB2U3)2. Finally, I stpped cmparing 　　　　    (I) with actresses and mdels and lking fr things that were wrng with my face r bdy. (人教B1U3)3. The histry f advertising has always been clsely linked with 　　　　    f the mass media. (译林XB2U1)4. Despite the uncertainty abut 　　　　    (it) medical basis,acupuncture(针灸) has be- cme a ppular frm f treatment. (译林XB2U3)
5. 　　　　    was a Frenchman, Pierre de Cubertin, wh brught the Olympics back t life. (译林XB2U2)6. If yur heart breaks like 　　　　    (I) at the thught f ur irreplaceable heritage being lst frever, please take actin. (译林XB3U4)7. The basic definitin f VR lies in the name 　　　　    (it), which means “reality that is nt real”.  (译林XB2U4)8. Tday, 　　　　    is estimated that abut 60 percent f dmestic rice cnsumptin in China is cmprised f crps generated frm Yuan's hybrid strains. (人教XB1U5)
1. Tu Yuyu,　　　　     cmmitted and patient scientist,was brn in Ningb,China,n 30 December 1930, and graduated frm Peking University Medical Schl in 1955. (人教XB1U1)2. The classrms are made f bamb, with clay flrs and 　　　　    (rf) f grass. (人教XB4U4)3. Only when we learn t exist in harmny with nature can we stp being 　　　　     threat t wildlife and t ur planet. (人教B2U2)4. 　　　　    was nt until 9:30 a.m. that they finally reached the capital f Ontari, Trnt. (人教XB2U4)
5. Ben did a lt during his time as an island caretaker. In additin t blgging, taking ph- ts and writing articles abut the reef, he made a number f 　　　　    (appearance) n televisin t argue in favur f its defence. (外研XB1U6)6. 　　　　    turns ut that cuntry music became ppular right here in the suth f America in the 1940s and then spread acrss the natin. (译林XB1U2)7. She realised that ne f the greatest 　　　　    (benefit) f the Internet was its ability t remve the distance that usually exists between peple. (人教B2U3)8. Nw that Helen Keller grasped 　　　　    key t language, she was very eager t learn mre and use it as much as she culd. (北师大XB2U5改)
appearances
9. There is Chinese fd t suit 　　　　    (everyne) taste,with traditinal dishes frm all ver China. (人教B3U3)10. This is like a warning, r 　　　　    call fr help: “I'm being attacked!” (外研XB1U5)11. At first, Xie Lei had n idea what she shuld say, but what surprised her was that she fund 　　　　    (she) speaking up in class after just a few weeks. (人教XB2U2)12. Tu's team tested a cllectin f dried wrmwd 　　　　    (leaf) but fund n ef- fect. (人教XB1U1)
13. Mst surprisingly f all, plants have 　　　　    amazing system f cmmunicatin that can link nearly every plant in a frest. (外研XB1U5)14. Inspiring thers t believe in 　　　　    (they) Stephen Curry is living prf that what ther peple think f yu des nt have t influence what yu becme. (外研XB1U3)15. Trade and curisity have ften frmed the fundatin f 　　　　    (mankind) greatest achievements. (人教XB4U3)16. As a cmputer engineer, there's always a new challenge just arund 　　　　    crner! (外研B2U3)
17. With the rapid develpment f scial media, emjis are becming an integral cmpnent f the language we use t express 　　　　    (we). (外研XB2U3)18. Smetimes the smell alne can d 　　　　    trick, nt t mentin the lvely creamy flavur, which wrks like a time machine immediately transprting me back t my sunny childhd. (译林XB1U1)19. Mr Jenkins made me feel that I had my wn strengths. I was interested in the study f the stars and planets and he asked me t give a 　　　　    (present) t the class. (北师大XB1U1)20. But just like ur wn Internet, the wd wide web has 　　　　    (it) wn versin f “cybercrime”. (外研XB1U5)
presentatin
21. Last night, I watched a perfrmance f Butterfly Lvers, 　　　　    beautiful vilin cncert cmpsed by He Zhanha and Chen Gang. (译林XB1U2)22. T help yur muscles recver and repair 　　　　    (they) after exercise, yu need t eat fds rich in prtein, such as fish, eggs and milk prducts. (译林B2U2)23. Like a lt f 　　　　    (chef) I knw, I dn't really d much cking at hme. (外研B2U1)24. At first, I was a little wrried abut the 　　　　    (children) safety,but Burin said, “Dn't wrry. They've been riding hrses all their lives. They'll be just fine.” (人教B3U1)
25. The Jialng even hlds the recrd fr the deepest dive by a manned submarine, at 7,062 metres, giving China 　　　　    (it) place alngside the wrld's tp cean explrers.  (外研XB4U5)26. My presentatin n traditinal Chinese art was 　　　　    great success, which bsted my cnfidence. (人教XB2U2)27. 　　　　    was the first time that she had left China. (人教XB2U2)28. Studying abrad als helps yu t gain 　　　　    glbal perspective and imprve yur general cmpetence. (人教XB2U2)
29. Scientists are learning mre every day abut the secret ways in which plants talk t each ther. Maybe ne day we will knw enugh abut plant cmmunicatin t be able t “talk” with them 　　　　    (we). (外研XB1U5)30. Its nse lks like a duck's bill,and it has feet like a 　　　　    (duck) s it can dive under the water,but it's cvered in hair. (人教XB4U2)31. It nt nly celebrated the gathering f athletes frm Asia but als demnstrated China's 　　　　    (cmmit) t embracing sustainability with advanced technlgy. (2024届山西晋城一中期中)
32. With the aim f green Asian Games, traditinal firewrks were replaced with digital frms that used the latest imaging technlgy. This 　　　　    (absent) f “real fire-wrks” was filled with electrnic flash and 3D animatins. (2024届山西晋城一中期中)33. With the 　　　　    (ppular) f Chinese in Hungary(匈牙利), signs in Chinese have been mre and mre cmmnly seen in streets and Chinese characters are mst likely t be sptted n bus ticketing machines. (2024届山东德州期中)34. TCM, which includes acupuncture, herbal therapy and massage, remains an essential cmpnent f China's medical system and has gained increasing 　　　　    (recgnize) n a glbal scale. (2024届山东省实验中学二诊)
35. Tday, rice plays a vital rle in feeding billins f peple while fd 　　　　    (shrt) is a wrldwide prblem. China is the wrld's largest prducer and cnsumer f rice.  (2024届山东青岛莱西教学质量检测)36. The Hangzhu Asian Games, which pened n September 23, are nt nly a grand sprts event, but als a cultural feast that displays the 　　　　    (diverse) and harmny f Asia. (2024届江西景德镇质量检测)37. The Lantern Festival, which falls n the 15th day f the first mnth in the Chinese lunar calendar, marks the end f mre than tw weeks f Chinese New Year 　　　　     (celebrate) each year. (2024届陕西西安铁一中滨河高级中学期中)
celebratins
38. Different frm ppular destinatins, sme underexplred places with little nline 　    　　    (expse) can ffer mre surprises. (2023河北“五个一”名校联盟联考)39. Bian embridery(汴绣), which is characterized by simplicity and serenity, is cnsidered a unique frm f artistic 　　 　　    (express) f the Sng Dynasty. 40. Sme cuntries reallcate(重新分配) the funds frm ther pts f climate finance, r put mney tward 　　　　    (insure) r early warning systems. (2023湖北十堰期末)41. Peple wrking here have t battle with sand and wind and suffer frm 　　　　     (lnely). (2023山东潍坊一模)
expressin(s)