专题10 宾语从句--初中英语重要语法精讲精练（江苏专用）

这是一份专题10 宾语从句--初中英语重要语法精讲精练（江苏专用），共6页。试卷主要包含了宾语从句的概念，宾语从句三要素，宾语从句注意要点，宾语从句的简化，宾语从句的反义疑问句等内容，欢迎下载使用。

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。
【例】1.We knw Mr Green teaches English. (动词宾语)
2. Miss Zhang is angry at what yu said. (介词宾语)
二、宾语从句三要素
I lve what yu gave me.
从句
主句
连接词
1 连接词
1). 当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略.
【例】1.She tld me (that) she wuld like t g with us.
2. He said (that )he culd finish his wrk befre supper．
2).当由一般疑问句或者选择疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。
【例】1.I dn't knw if /whether he still lives here after s many years.
2.He asked me whether (if) I culd help him.
但在下列情况下只能用whether
在具有选择意义，又有r或r nt时，尤其是直接与r nt连用时，往往用whether。
【例】Let me knw whether he will cme r nt.(=Let me knw whether r nt he will cme)
I wnder whether we stay r whether we g.
② 在介词之后用whether。
【例】I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
I wrry abut whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③ 在不定式前用whether。
【例】He hasn't decided whether t visit the ld man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
I dn't knw whether t g．我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether t g by bus r by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④ whether置于句首时，不能换用if。
【例】Whether this is true r nt，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。
如：Please let me knw if yu like the bk.
可理解为：a. Please let me knw whether yu like the bk.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。
b. If yu like the bk, please let me knw.你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。
3). 如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。
【例】1.I dn’t knw why the train is late.
2. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.
2. 语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。
【例】1.I think (that) yu will like this schl sn.
2. Can yu tell me hw I can get t z?
3.She asked me if I knew whse pen it was．
注意：如果what’s wrng / what’s the matter在句中充当宾语从句，语序不变。如果疑问词what或wh在从句中作主语，其引导的句子作宾语从句时语序也不变。
【例题精讲】
例1. I want t knw what’s wrng with yu.
例2. She desn’t knw what’s the matter with him.
例3. Jack didn’t knw what happened.
例4. I want t knw what’s n the desk.
3. 时态
1).如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。
【例】1.I dn't knw when he will cme back．
2.He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．
2). 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。
【例】1.She says that she is a student. (ⅹ)
She said that she was a student. (√)
2. She says that she will fly t Japan in a week. (ⅹ)
She said that she wuld fly t Japan in a week. (√)
3. She says that she has finished her hmewrk already. (ⅹ)
She said that she had finished her hmewrk already. (√)
3).如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。
【例】1.The teacher said that the earth ges rund the sun．
2. He tld me that Japan is an island cuntry.
注意：如果主句中出现culd yu/wuld yu, 这些不是过去时，而只是表示委婉语气，用法视为一般现在时，所以从句依具体时态而定。
Culd yu tell me hw I can get t the library?
Culd yu tell us if he has been t the Great Wall?
三、宾语从句注意要点
if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。
【例】1.—D yu knw when he will cme back tmrrw ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？
—Srry, I dn't knw. When he cmes back, I'll tell yu. 对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。
2.—I dn't knw if he will cme．我不知道他是否会来。
—He will cme if it desn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。
四、宾语从句的简化
方法一：
当主句谓语动词是hpe， decide， wish， chse， agree， prmise（和主观决定有关）等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。
【例】Li Ming hpes he will be back very sn. →Li Ming hpes t be back very sn.
We decided that we wuld help him. →We decided t help him.
方法二：
当主句谓语动词是knw， learn， remember， frget， tell（和记忆认知有关）等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
【例】She has frgtten hw she can pen the windw. →She has frgtten hw t pen the windw.
【例】Culd yu tell me hw I can get t the statin？ →Culd yu tell me hw t get t the statin？
方法三：
当主句的谓语动词是rder（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。
【例】The headmaster rdered that we shuld start at nce. → The headmaster rdered us t start at nce.
方法四：
某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。
【例】He insisted that he shuld g with us. →He insisted n ging with us.
The pr by desn’t knw when and where he was brn.
→The pr by desn’t knw the time and the place f his birth.
方法五：
某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。
【例】Liu Ping fund that there was a wallet lying n the grund. → Liu Ping fund a wallet lying n the grund.
方法六：
动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。
【例】It seemed that the bys were ging t win. →The bys seemed t win.
特殊句式的转化：
【例】I fund that it was difficult t learn English well. →I fund it difficult t learn English well.
Sn we fund that the grund was cvered with thick snw. →Sn we fund the grund cvered with thick snw.
五、宾语从句的反义疑问句
主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppse, cnsider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时, 宾语从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来, 其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
I think he isn’t a student.（×）
I dn’t think he is a student.（√）
I dn’t think he is a student, ?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens t the teacher carefully, des he?
把下列句子合并成一句
(1)These flwers are frm Guangdng. He said.
He said _______ these flwers _______ frm Guangdng.
(2)Light travels faster than sund. My teacher tld me.
My teacher tld me ________ light _________ faster than sund.
(3)Can they speak French? I want t knw.
I want t knw ________ _________ _________ _________ French.
(4)Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me _________ the children _________ _________ games.
(5) Hw many peple can yu see in the picture? Wh knws
Wh knws _______ _______ _______ _______ ________ _________ in the picture
(6)What des he ften talk abut? The girl wndered.
The girl wndered _______ _______ ften ___________ abut.
(7)Wh kncked at the dr s ludly? I dn't knw.
I dn’t knw _________ _________ at the dr s ludly.
【答案】
1.that,were 2.that, travels 3.whether they can speak 4.whether, are playing 5.hw many peple yu can see 6.what he talked 7.wh kncked
用合适的连接词填空
1. Wang Hai tld me _____ he didn't g hiking yesterday afternn.(hw, why)
2. She said _____ it wuldn't matter much.(that, if)
3. He always thinks ______ he can d better.(hw, wh)
4. They dn't knw _______ we are ging hiking. (when, what)
5. She wanted t knw _______ her cat wuld be ready the next day. (when, if)
【答案】1.why 2.that 3.hw 4.when 5.if
动词填空
1. I didn’t realize I _______(leave) the key at hme until I gt t my car. S I had t g back.
2. Jack said he _________ (return) the tw bks t the library in a week.
3. The ld scientist was awarded a gld medal fr what he (d)fr the develpment f mdem science since the mid-twentieth century.
4. It was a pity that yu _____________ (nt attend) the meeting last Friday afternn.
5. The teacher wanted t knw if I ________(finish) my cmpsitin.
6. It was raining hard, but nne f them said they_________(stp) wrking in the fields.
7. Xia Wang didn't want t tell me anything abut what he_________just_________(hear).
8. My brther said he_________(let) me have the bike as sn as he had cleaned it.
【答案】
1. had left 2.wuld return 3.had dne 4.didn’t attend 5.had finished 6.wuld stp 7.had heard 8.wuld let
链接中考：
（2022扬州市中考）14. —Excuse me, culd yu tell me ________?
—Yu can take N. 6 bus there. It’s abut 15 minutes’ ride.
A. hw far is the Slender West LakeB. hw far the Slender West Lake is
C. hw can I get t the Slender West LakeD. hw I can get t the Slender West Lake
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我怎么去瘦西湖吗？——你可以在那里乘坐6路公交车。大约15分钟的车程。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“Yu can take N. 6 bus there”可知上句询问应如何去某地，用hw引导宾语从句。故选D。
（2022宿迁市中考）14. —Jenny, d yu knw ________?
—Er, next Tuesday.
A. when the sprts meeting will take placeB. when will the sprts meeting take place
C. where the sprts meeting will take placeD. where will the sprts meeting take place
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——珍妮，你知道运动会什么时候举行吗？——额，下周二。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除BD；根据“next Tuesday”可知上文询问时间，用when引导宾语从句。故选A。
（2022连云港市中考）13.—Culd yu please tell me ?
—Yu can take N.2 Bus.
A. when was the nearest hspital built B. hw can I get t the nearest hspital
C. when the nearest hspital was built D. hw I can get t the nearest hspital
【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句和问路的方式。D表示“我怎样能够到达最近的医院”。
（2022无锡市中考）8. —Julie was playing the pian every time I saw her.
—Yu knw ________.
A. every dg has its dayB. many hands make light wrk
C. practice makes perfectD. the early bird catches the wrm
【答案】C
【解析】考查谚语辨析。这句话的意思是：每次我看见茱莉亚她都在弹钢琴。你知道“孰能生巧”的道理。
（2022泰州市中考）9. —Mum, d yu knw ________? An engineer.
—That’s interesting. I guess yu ften fix things fr thers in yur schl.
A. what d my classmates call meB. what my classmates call me
C. why d my classmates call meD. why my classmates call me
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——妈妈，你知道我的同学叫我什么吗？一名工程师。——这很有趣。我猜你经常在学校帮别人修东西。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“An engineer.”可知，是“叫我什么”，用what。故选B。