专题12 定语从句-初中英语重要语法精讲精练（江苏专用）

这是一份专题12 定语从句-初中英语重要语法精讲精练（江苏专用），共8页。试卷主要包含了定语从句的构成，关系代词，关系副词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

定语从句关系词
一、定语从句的构成
This is the best film that I have seen.
★先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词又分为关系代词与关系副词
关系代词：that, which, wh, whm, whse
关系副词：when, where, why
二、关系代词
作用：引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语
代指人：wh，whm，that，whse
代指物：that，which，whse
关系词通常有下列三个作用：
A、引导定语从句； B、代替先行词； C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
1. wh指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
The man wh I talked with is ur teacher.
A persn wh steals things is called a thief.
2. whm指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man whm/wh I ndded t is Mr. Li.
The man t whm I ndded is Prfessr Li.
3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recrder which he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library which yu brrw bks frm?
Is this the library frm which yu brrw bks?
4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略），且只用在限制性定语从句中。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man that/wh/whm I tld yu abut.
5. whse 在定从中作定语，表所属关系，翻译为“他的/她的/它的”，用来代替 his，her，their，its. whse指人也指物
指物时 = f which 指人时 = f whm
This is the bk whse cver is blue.
This is the bk f which the cver is blue.
This is the bk the cver f which is blue.
D yu knw the girl whse father died in Iraq.
D yu knw the girl f whm the father died in Iraq.
D yu knw the girl the father f whm died in Iraq.
【例题】
The newly built café, the walls f_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place fr us, especially after hard wrk.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
【答案】 D
wh ,whm, whse, which, that
口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物
后看从句里, 有无主宾语
【练习】
1).This is the huse __________ was built last year.
2).The by _______________ we saw yesterday was Jhn’s brther.
3).The car __________ my uncle had just bught was destryed in the earthquake.
4).That is the man ____________ we were lking fr.
5).The huse _____________ windw are brken belngs t my grandfather.
6).I hate peple ______________ talk much but d little.
【答案】
1.which/that 2.that/whm/wh/ \ 3.that/which/ \ 4.wh/whm/that/ \ 5.whse/f which the 6.wh/that
注意点：
★ 只用that 不用which 的情况
①当先行词是anything, everything, nthing , nne等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, sme, n, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略。
②还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.
③以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which或wh时,都只能用that
= 4 \* GB3 ④当先行词被the nly，the very 修饰时表示强调
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤两个定语从句中一个已用which时，另一个用that
1).We shuld d everything _________ is gd fr ur studies.
2).The is the first place ________ I want t visit.
3).This is the mst interesting bk _________ I have ever read.
4).This is the nly thing_________ we can d.
5).He built up a factry which prduced things ________ I had never seen befre.
6).We talked abut the things and persns __________ we were interested in.
【答案】1.that 2.that/ \ 3.that/ \ 4.that/ \ 5.that/ \ 6.that/ \
★ 只用which不用that的情况：
= 1 \* GB3 ①介词后
= 2 \* GB3 ②用于非限制定语从句中
= 3 \* GB3 ③which可指代前面讲到的整件事。
1).This is the train by _______ we went t Beijing.
2).Ftball, _______ is a very interesting game, is played all ver the wrld.
3).He was late fr schl again, _________ made the teacher very angry.
【答案】which which which
★ 只用wh不用that的情况：
= 1 \* GB3 ①先行词是指人的不定代词anyne等或thse
1).Anyne cmes late shuld be punished.
2).He admired thse lked beautiful.
【答案】wh wh
★ way后面的定语从句，引导定语从句有三种情况：in which或that或 \
作状语：in which或that或 \
作主宾表：that或 \
I dn’t like the way he spke t ur teacher.
He has given yu the way ______ is best t slve the prblem.
I want t knw the way ______ he tld yu yesterday.
【答案】 in which/that/ \ that that/\
单选题
1.This is the schl _______ we visited last year.
A. that B. where C. wh D. whse
2.Liu Yang is the first Chinese wman astrnaut_______ has ever traveled in space.
A. whm B. which C. wh D. whse
3.I can't find the bk __________my mther bught me.
A. wh B. when C. which D. where
4.She is the girl inventin gt the first prize in the schl cmpetitin .
A．wh B．that C．which D. whse
5.—D yu knw the man ______ is standing at the dr?
—Yes, I d. He's a friend f_____.
A. when; I B. wh; mine C. that; me D. which; my
6.Yesterday Li Ming went t the village_________ his family lived ten years ag.
A. when B. which C. where D. that
7.A friend is smene______ says, "What! Yu t? I thught I was the nly ne!”
A. wh B. which C. what D. whse
【答案】A C C D B C A
填空题
1. The huse _______ we live is very big.
2. The by ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
3. This is the present _____ he gave me fr my birthday.
4. The man _______ talked t yu just nw is an engineer.
5. He talked abut the teachers and schls _______ he had visited.
6. There is nthing in the wrld _______ can frighten him.
7. She wears a gld ring _______ is very uncmmn in ur class.
8. We visited a factry _______ makes tys fr children.
【答案】
1. where 2. wh/ that 3. which/ that 4. wh/ that 5. that 6. that 7. which/ that 8. which/ that
三、关系副词
1.when 在从句中作时间状语，相当于介词+关系代词（which）
I’ll never frget the day when I jined the army.
when=n which(=n the day)
★先行词是时间时，并非都用when引导从句来修饰，试比较：
☆ D yu still remember the days _________there was n electricity?
☆ D yu still remember the days ____________we spent tgether?
【答案】when which/that/ \
2.where在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词。相当于介词+关系代词（which）
This is the huse where I lived tw years ag.
where =in which(=in the huse)
★先行词是地点时，并非都用where 引导从句来修饰，试比较：
☆ The place ________ Lucy nce wrked has becme a museum.
☆ The place______________ I visited last week is in Shang Hai.
【答案】where which/that/ \
★需掌握的由where引导的特殊定语从句
☆In rder t get started in this career,I’m willing t accept any psitin(职位) ______ I can shw my abilities.
A.when B. where C. t which D. which
【答案】 B
类似的先行词有：case(情况) ,situatin(情形), pint(程度), stage(阶段) …

3.why在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是reasn相当于“介词fr+ 关系代词（which）
D yu knw the reasn why she was late.
why=fr which(=fr the reasn)
★先行词是the reasn时并非都用why
☆ That’s the reasn _______he was late.
☆ That’s the reasn ____________he gave me.
【答案】why which/that/ \
介词+关系代词
= 1 \* GB3 ①.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系
That’s the newspaper fr which I write articles.
= 2 \* GB3 ②.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，
Can yu explain t me hw t use these idims abut which I’m nt sure.
= 3 \* GB3 ③.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，
1949 was the year in which the was funded.
注意： 介词+关系代词 中关系代词只能用which 或 whm; 不可用that 或wh 代替.
单项选择
( )1. 一What d yu think f the TV prgram called Readers?
一Wnderful! It is the best prgram I have ever watched.
A. when B. that C. what D. wh
( )2. Accrding t a survey, peple are able t speak tw languages can manage tw things at the same time mre easily.
A. which B. whm C. whse D. wh
( )3. 一CCTV has prduced a TV shw-Chinese Petry Cmpetitin. Have yu seen it?
一Sure. Wu Yishu, 16, studies at the High Schl Affiliated t Fudan University, is the winner.
A. which B. where C. wh D. whm
( )4. Tu Yuyu is the wman used the plant's special pwer t save millins f lives.
A. which B. wh C. whse D./
( )5. 一Why are yu s wrried?
一I've lst the watch my dad bught me n my birthday.
A. what B. wh C. whse D. which
( )6. I'd like t tell yu abut the table manners yu shuld knw when yu visit France.
A. which B. wh C. what D. hw
( )7. Rald Dahl was a great children's writer. His dark past helped him paint a picture
Was different t mst ther writers.
A. that B. wh C./ D. whm
( )8.Yesterday Mr. Green went t his hmetwn and visited the ld huse he was brn in.
A. which B. where C. what D. it
( )9. 一What kind f mvies d yu prefer?
一I prefer the mvies me smething t think abut.
A. which give B. that gives
C. what gives D. wh gives
( )10. This is a heartwarming stry abut a by saved his mther's life.
A. which B. wh C. whse D. whm
( )11. Lily lves music she can sing alng with.
A. which B. wh C. what D. whm
( )12. Sara is the girl has taught me hw t use WeChat.
A. whm B. which C. what D. wh
( )13. I hate the dgs live in the next huse. They make lud nises all night.
A. wh B. that C. what D. whm
( )14. The car my uncle had just bught was destryed in the earthquake.
A. whse B. whm C. wh D. which
( )15. We still remember the lvely teachers have taught us fr 3 years.
A. wh B. whse C. whm D. which
( )16. The lady in the kitchen is ding the dishes is my aunt.
A. where B. wh C. which D. whm
( )17. 一Tm usually helps thers with math prblems and Mr. Li ften praises him fr it.
一I agree. A student is always helping thers is wrth praise.
A. whm B. which C. wh D. whse
( )18. 一Please tell me smething abut Yang Liwei.
一He is a great astrnaut f all the Chinese are prud
A. that B. whse C. wh D. whm
( )19. This is the best bk I have read.
A. that B. whse C. which D. wh
( )20. Jurney t the West is a bk influences teenagers a .lt. It is very ppular.
A. wh B. when C. which D. what
【答案】1-10 BDCBDAAAAB 11-20 ADBDABCDAC
对比练习
1. ① This is ne f the mst interesting films _____ shwn last week.
② This is the very ne f the mst interesting films _____ shwn last week.
A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were
2. ① He has tw sns, _____ are cllege students.
② He has tw sns, and _____ are cllege students.
A. bth f which B. bth f whm C. bth f them D. bth f it
【答案】 1. ① D ② B 2. ① B ② C
3. ① He still lives in the rm _____ windw faces t the east.
② He still lives in the rm, the windw _____ faces t the east.
③ He still lives in the rm _____ is n the third flr.
④ He still lives in the rm _____ there is a beautiful table.
A. which B. whse C. where D. f which
4. ① _____ leaves the rm last ught t turn ff the lights.
② _____ wh leaves the rm last ught t turn ff the lights.
③ _____ wh leave the rm last ught t turn ff the lights.
A. Anyne B. Wh C. Thse D. Whever
【答案】 3. ① B ② D ③ A ④ C 4. ① D ② A ③ C
5. ① I’ll never frget the days _____ we studied tgether.
② I’ll never frget the days _____ we spent tgether.
A. that B. 不填 C. when D. Which
【答案】① C ② E
6. ① This is the nly way _____ yu can find.
② I dn’t like the way _____ he spke t his mther.
A. that B. 不填 C. in which D. A, B and C E. A and B
【答案】 7. ① E ② D
7. ① Is this museum _____ they visited last mnth?
② The teacher tells us that _____ cleans the blackbard is t be praised.
A. that B. the ne C. which D. the ne wh
8. ① It was eleven ’clck _____ they went ut f the cinema.
② It was at eleven ’clck _____ they went ut f the cinema.
A. which B. that C. when D. n which
【答案】9. ① B ② D 10. ① C ② B