天津市第四十七中学2023-2024学年高二下学期6月月考英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份天津市第四十七中学2023-2024学年高二下学期6月月考英语试卷(含答案)，共25页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，完形填空，书面表达，单选题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Mst peple assume that the human brain is set n “autmatic”—that means it learns all by itself. But this isn’t always true. We need t train urselves t be better learners—t actively take part in the learning prcess and t reflect n what we have learnt. These kinds f learning behaviurs are called “active learning”. I suggest ding fur things t take an active rle in yur learning.
Listen t the uter vice
There are tw kinds f vices: the inner vice and the uter vice. Yur inner vice expresses yur persnal pinins, while the uter vice tells yu abut pinins frm what yu hear r read. Althugh yur inner vice can be useful, it can als get in the way f learning. If yu keep paying t much attentin t it, yu risk missing imprtant infrmatin. Instead, active learners are pen-minded and fcus n what the speaker/ write is saying, nt n what their brain is saying in the backgrund. In this way, they are in a better psitin t make decisins.
Ask questins
Asking questins is the easiest way t prmte active learning. When yu get infrmatin frm smene, frm bks r the Internet, ask tw, three, even five questin abut the tpic. The answers will lead yu t further learning, and the very act f wrking ut questins will help yu t achieve a higher level f understanding abut the tpic. In shrt: D nt stp being curius.
Get t the truth
Active learners d nt accept everything they learn. They attempt t find the truth at the heart f each idea. Even when an idea sunds entirely unlikely, there may be an aspect f it that is based n truth. S if smene says that dinsaurs still exist tday, think abut why they believe this. Where des the idea cme frm? D they have enugh data t supprt their views? If yu try t find ut the surce f an idea, n matter hw crazy it seems, yu will increase yur chance f learning smething.
Fcus n the message
Many peple miss ut n learning pprtunities because they let their feelings get in the way. They refuse t learn r ignre what is said because f wh the speaker/ writer is. It is true that we cannt help disliking sme peple —this is human nature, after all. But d nt frget yu can still learn frm them. Active learners d nt judge peple based n firs impressins r persnal feelings. Instead, they separate the message frm the message. This ges the ther way as well---d nt just assume that sme peple are always right because f wh they are r just because they are yur friends.
1．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut inner vice and uter vice?
A. Yur inner vice is useless, and always gets in the way f learning.
B. Yur inner vice is what yu think.
C. The uter vice usually is what yur brain is saying.
D. The uter vice expresses yur persnal pinins.
2．Accrding t Paragraph 3 what d yu knw abut asking questins?
A. Asking questins will lead yu t further learning.
B. Asking questins wn’t make yu mre mtivated t learn
C. Asking questins facilitates active learning.
D. Asking questins will stp yu frm being curius.
3．Accrding t Paragraph 4, an active learner ________.
A. wn’t find ut the surce f an idea
B. is-willing t accept everything they learn
C. believes that dinsaurs still exist tday
D. always tries t find the truth at the cre f every pinin
4．What d we learn abut frm Paragraph 5?
A. We shuld try ur best t like peple we dn’t like.
B. We ften ignre what the authr says.
C. Active learners judge peple based n persnal feelings
D. The persn we like may nt always be right.
5．What is the authr’s purpse in writing this passage?
A. T ffer sme tips n hw t learn actively
B. T advise us t listen t the uter vice.
C. T help us get t the truth.
D. T share his learning experience.
When I was yung I wanted t be a mdel, s when a natinal cntest was staged, I cnvinced my parents t take me fr an auditin (试演). I was selected and tld I had ptential. They said that fr nly $900 I culd attend a weekend event which dzens f the mst prestigius (有声望的) mdeling agencies frm arund the wrld wuld attend. At 13, my hpes f fame and frtune cluded all judgment and I begged my parents t let me g. We have never been rich, but they saw my enthusiasm and agreed.
I imagined being signed by sme famus mdel cmpanies. Fr mnths, any bredm r disappintment was pushed aside because I knew I wuld sn have the chance t be a real mdel. I thught I wuld grace the cvers f famus magazines!
Of curse, I wasn’t signed, but what hurt me mst was being tld that if I grew t 5’9” (abut 1.75 metres) I culd be a success. I prayed fr a grwth spurt (冲刺) because I culd nt imagine giving up my dream. I made an appintment with a lcal mdeling agency and the agent demanded $ 500 fr classes, $500 fr a pht sht, and $ 300 fr ther expenses. My parents nly agreed after hurs and hurs f me begging.
The agency sent me ut n a few auditins, but with every day I didn’t receive a call I grew mre depressed. The final straw came in July after I had decided t fcus n cmmercial (广告) mdeling. There was an pen call in New Yrk City. We spent hurs driving and anther few hurs waiting, nly t be tld that I was t shrt I was devastated (感到难以承受的).
Years later Ire zed that the trip t New Yrk was gd as it made me ntice I didn’t actually lve mdeling, just the idea f it. I wanted t be special and I was inncently determined t reach an impssible gal. The experience has made me strnger and that will help me in the future.
6．What’s the main reasn why the authr wanted t be a mdel?
A. She wn a natinal cntest.
B. She wanted t get reputatin and wealth.
C. She was urged by sme mdeling agencies.
D. She had full ptential t be a successful mdel.
7．What’s the authr’s parents’ attitude tward her dream?
A. Encuraging.B. Critical.C. Dubtful.D. Enthusiastic.
8．What was that made the authr end her attempt t becme a mdel?
A. Her parents were strngly against it.
B. She realized that it was impssible fr her.
C. Even a lcal mdeling agency turned her dwn.
D. She realized that she didn’t actually lve the idea f mdeling.
9．The underlined phrase “The final straw” prbably means ______.
A. the last in a series f bad things that happen t make smene very upset angry, etc
B. the final result that she was admitted by the mdel cmpany
C. the final auditin given by the agency
D. the decisin that she made at last nt t be a mdel anymre
10．What did the authr learn frm her experience f struggling t be a mdel?
A. Where there’s a will there’s away.
B. Being a mdel is nt that easy.
C. We shuld have ur wn judgment and shuld nt just fllw thers.
D. We might set unpractical gals but the experiences can help us grw.
Wild animals are equipped with a variety f techniques t avid becming lunch fr a bigger animal, als knwn as a predatr (捕食者) in nature. The mst well-knwn methds include the classic fight and flight as well as freeze.
A team f researchers wndered whether clseness t peple might impact thse survival strategies. “We ften see that animals are mre tlerant arund us in urban areas, but we dn’t really knw why.” says evlutinary bilgist Dan Blumstein. “Is it individual plasticity, meaning individuals change their fear f us and that leads t tlerance? Or can there be an evlutinary factr invlved?”
T find ut, Blumstein and his clleagues cmbined infrmatin frm 173 studies f ver 100 species, including mammals, birds, fish and even mllusks. It turns ut that regardless f evlutinary ancestry, the animals react in a similar way t life amng humans: they lse their anti-predatr characteristics. That pattern is especially prnunced fr plant-eating animals and fr scial species. This behaviral change is perhaps unsurprising when it’s intentinal, the result f dmesticatin r cntrlled breeding. But it turns ut that urbanizatin alne results in a similar change, thugh arund three times mre slwly.
The main pint is: we’re essentially dmesticating animals by urbanizatin. We’re selecting fr the same srts f characteristics that we wuld if we were actually trying t dmesticate them. If the urbanizatin prcess helps animals better c-exist with peple, it culd be t their benefit. But if it makes them mre defenseless t their nnhuman predatrs, it culd be a real prblem. Either way, these results, mean that city living has enugh f an influence n wild animals that evlutinary prcesses kick in. Thse reductins in anti-predatr characteristics becme encded in their genes. We’re changing the ppulatin genetics ne way r anther.
What the researchers nw wnder is whether the mere presence f turists in less urbanized areas can cause similar changes in wild animals. If s, serius questins exist fr the idea f ethical, welfare-riented ec-turism. If we wish t help animals keep their anti-predatr defenses, the researchers say, we might have t intentinally expse animals t predatrs. It’s just yet ne ther way that we’re changing the wrld arund us.
11．The research led by Blumstein is aimed at ________.
A. determining hw animals’ survival is impacted by individual plasticity.
B. studying hw living amng humans affects animals’ survival strategies
C. cmparing the effectiveness f different survival techniques
D. finding ut which evlutinary factr impacts animals’ survival methds
12．Which f the fllwing practices may cntribute t animals lsing anti-predatr characteristics?
A. Cntrlled breeding f animals.B. Banning the peratin f ec-turism.
C. Planned selectin f favrable genes.D. Eliminating dmesticatin.
13．Which f the fllwing statements is Blumstein likely t agree with?
A. Urbanizatin has made wild animals mre alert.
B. Urbanizatin has brught cncrete benefits t animals.
C. City living has led t animals’ genetic variatins.
D. City living has helped t preserve animal species.
14．The animal rescue center sptted an injured fx a year ag and has since nursed it back t health. Befre releasing it back t the wild, the center shuld prbably ________.
A. expse the fx t the urban envirnment repeatedly
B. train the fx t c-exist with the less aggressive predatrs
C. intentinally get the fx accustmed t the presence f humans
D. purpsefully adapt the fx t predatr related envirnment
15．What is the purpse f the passage?
A. T amuse peple with recent interesting scientific findings.
B. T remind peple t help animals survive in a crrect way.
C. T prmte ec-turism in cities arund the wrld.
D. T warn peple f the danger f animal presence in cities.
When evaluating peple n varius psychlgical tests, psychlgists ften distinguish between markers f abslute perfrmance and relative perfrmance. Abslute perfrmance reflects the raw measurement f smething, like the time it takes t run a mile. Relative perfrmance is hw a persn rates in relatin t their peers, as in what place a runner gets in a race.
The standards we use t evaluate urselves are almst always relative, as we cmpare urselves t ur peers and the standards that are mst familiar t us.
Fr instance, in my private practice, I have ne patient I will call “Omar” wh is dependent n scial services and makes less than $30,000 per year at his jb. While this level f pverty wuld lead mst peple t wake up depressed each day, Omar is ne f the mst ptimistic and appreciative individuals I knw. Why? Because mst f his clsest peers—his siblings and friends frm childhd—have lives far wrse than his.
In cntrast t Omar, I have anther patient, an adlescent I’ll call “Lena”, whse family has prperty ver $5 millin. Lena, hwever, lives in an upper-class neighbrhd where her family is at the lwer end f the incme level. Thugh Lena’s family allws her t enjy pssessins and experiences that less than l percent f her peers acrss the wrld can share, she cnsistently feels “less than”. Why? Because Lena desn’t cmpare herself t the rest f the wrld; This is t abstract an exercise fr her, as it wuld be fr mst f us.
Accrdingly, whether a psychlgist is psychdynamic r cgnitive-behaviral, therapy with individuals struggling with situatin al r psychlgical depressin aims t slve the prblems assciated with basing ne’s self-wrth n cmparisns with thers. Psychlgists try t help peple fcus n persnal grwth arund the achievement f cncrete gals in line with their values independent f the achievement f thers. Fr all f us, defining these gals, especially during Perids f emtinal calm, can g a lng way in helping us t avid the trap f relativity that ften leads t situatinal and psychlgical depressin.
16．In writing Paragraph 1, the authr aims t ________.
A. shw the significance f evaluating peple.
B. mtivate readers t study psychlgical tests.
C. help peple perfrm well in psychlgical tests
D. prvide sme backgrund infrmatin n evaluating peple.
17．Why des the authr mentin his tw patients?
A. T measure different achievement.
B. T intrduce the standards t evaluate peple.
C. T explain relative perfrmance with examples.
D. T cntrast relative perfrmance and abslute perfrmance.
18．Which f the fllwing statements is true accrding t Para.3 and Para.4?
A. “Omar” is independent n scial services.
B. “Omar” is siblings lead better lives than he des.
C. “Lena” is always discntented with what she has.
D. “Lena” tends t cmpare herself t the rest f the wrld.
19．What message des the last paragraph cnvey?
A. Setting gals in life is essential fr everyne.
B. It’s imprtant t avid unhealthy cmparisns.
C. A sense f achievement can affect ne’s happiness.
D. Imprving self-wrth can help get rid f depressin.
20．What is the best title fr the text?
A. Happiness: Is it all relative?
B. Happiness: Is it assciated with achievement?
C. Self-wrth: Is it based n effrts?
D. Self-wrth: Is it measurable?
“Smene nce asked me, ‘What’s the tl yu wuld want t give any student’? And I said, ‘A mask and snrkel (潜水通气管) set,’’’ the cean bilgist Thys says in a vide. And Thys explains, “Ninety-eight percent f the living space n this planet is the cean. It’s wrth a view.”
Thys has devted her career t seeing the cean, and t helping thers watch the great diversity f the underwater wrld. A big part f what mtivates her wrk is the chance t let peple develp a sense f respect fr the grandness f the cean, and t get peple t participate in effrts t prtect endangered cean ecsystems.
Since studying cean bilgy, Thys has fcused her research n hw sea animals live. One animal she particularly studies is the cean sunfish. “It’s s different frm any ther fish,” says Thys. “It lks like a mistake. Where des the tail g?” Thys adds. “The sunfish prvides an entry pint t understanding mre abut the behavir f creatures in the cean, and abut hw envirnmental changes impact underwater ecsystems.”
Thys’s wrk als takes her abve grund, where she’s lking at ways t create new cnnectins between human ppulatins and natural envirnments t help address scial and envirnmental challenges. Fr instance, she’s wrking n nature’s effects n mental well-being.
Thys’s passin fr her wrk is evident in every lecture, vide, and public appearance she makes. Using the media, Thys encurages peple t learn abut the cean and lve it. Due t many cean research prjects and activities frm the media, Thys is up t her neck in wrk every day. She culd hardly spare plenty f time fr a gd rest. Thys’s devtin t her wrk as an cean scientist and eclgical warrir is infectius. She’s a rle mdel and an inspiring guide t cean life.
21．Why wuld Thys like t send students a mask and snrkel set? (n mre than 8 wrds)
22．What greatly mtivates Thys’s wrk accrding t Paragraph 2? (n mre than 10 wrds)
23．What des Thys think f the cean sunfish? (n mre than 10 wrds)
24．What des the underlined part in the last paragraph mean? (n mre than 5 wrds)
25．What’s yur attitude twards Thys and her wrk? (n mre than 20 wrds)
二、完形填空（20空）
When my dad finally finished the triathln (铁人三项)in Mntauk, the crwd cheered. It shwed me hw his hard wrk paid ff and it excited my 1 . I wndered whether a small by f my size culd 2 smething like that. I fund myself 3 this ut lud and my father verheard me. He 4 me and said I culd train with him.
Training with my clad turned ut t be very 5 . We wuld get up very early fr a mrning jg r g fr a swim in the pl after schl. After a few weeks f training, I 6 my first triathln. Befre the cmpetitin, I nervusly waited fr the 7 .
When smene fired the gun. I was ff, 8 twards the distant buy (浮标)that marked my turn. I finished the half-mile swim and ran twards my 9 . I was dripping wet,trying t 10 it. Once n the bike, I experienced an excitement specific t 11 . I went thrugh the transitin zne and 12 my running shes. At the start f the run part f the triathln, my 13 already felt like they were made f cement (水泥).
Fr me, the real cmpetitin began during the run, because nw I culd see each cmpetitr as a target. N matter my 14 in the field, each racer was either fllwing me 15 being fllwed. The run part f the race was in fact 16 tlerance.
“Shut up, legs”, ne f my favrite sayings, kept me frm thinking abut the 17 feeling. Then I crssed the finish line. I tk a breath and then began a(an) 18 with the ther finishers. The sense f 19 was there fr all f us.
Lking back, I remember the small by n that day in Mntauk wh dubted whether he culd 20 it, like his dad. Nw, that same by is nt nly a huge fan, but als a training partner as well.
26．A. prideB. cngratulatinsC. cncernD. curisity
27．A. learnB. deserveC. achieveD. rganize
28．A. sayingB. figuringC. actingD. leaving
29．A. admiredB. encuragedC. pushedD. cnvinced
30．A. unbearableB. excitingC. enjyableD. challenging
31．A. learnt frmB. suffered frmC. signed up frD. drpped ut f
32．A. signalB. annuncementC. resultD. permissin
33．A. ridingB. walkingC. swimmingD. dashing
34．A. bikeB. hrseC. destinatinD. cat
35．A. take ffB. get nC. knck utD. put away
36．A. runningB. travelingC. cyclingD. swimming
37．A. kicked ffB. switched tC. prepared frD. plished
38．A. armsB. clthesC. shesD. legs
39．A. sizeB. psitinC. ageD. career
40．A. rB. andC. butD. s
41．A. breathlessnessB. thirstC. stressD. pain
42．A. winningB. nervusC. burningD. prud
43．A. suggestinB. celebratinC. impressinD. rganizatin
44．A. accmplishmentB. guilt
C. srrwD. participatin
45．A. jinB. mveC. prveD. make
三、书面表达
46．假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津，你的英国朋友Chris在中国学习中文已满两年， 即将回国。请你给他写一封e-mail，邀请他参加为他举办的欢送会，内容包括：
（1）祝贺他顺利通过考试，他的学习进步很大，为他骄傲；
（2）感谢他帮助你们学习英语；
（3）时间：星期六晚六点；
地点：你校餐厅二楼大厅。
注意：
（1）词数不少于100；
（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
（3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：欢送会 farewell party
Dear Chris,
Cngratulatins n yur passing all the exams.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Jin
四、单选题
47．—Can yu have a meal served utside the cafe?
—I dn’t think s, but ________.
A. it’s nt yur businessB. it sunds like a gd idea
C. I culdn’t agree mreD. dn’t jump t cnclusins
48．Of all the animals I’ve ever had, these tw dgs are the mst ________ t the spken wrds.
A. sensitiveB. reasnableC. cnsiderateD. accessible
49．Emji can help cmmunicatin feel friendlier, and ________ a serius nte can be sftened with an encuraging smile.
A. evenB. stillC. alsD. yet
50．I ________ a new alarm clck the ther day at Taylr’s when I heard smene singing a familiar sng.
A. bughtB. was buyingC. has bughtD. wuld buy
51．Our ancestrs enjyed the healing pwer f nature, and nw scientists are starting t ________.
A. hld backB. mve nC. catch upD. get acrss
52．________ in scientific research, the new treatment ffers hpe fr patients with rare diseases.
A. RtedB. RtingC. Having rtedD. T be rted
53．With ________ leaves ________ in the earth every year, the sil becmes richer and richer.
A. falling; buryingB. fallen; buried
C. fallen; buryingD. falling; buried
54．As well as cmpetitins, there are events such as petry salns ________ yu can share pems with thers.
A. whichB. whenC. whereD. what
55．The trick f acquiring excellent grades, nw, is t hld as much determinatin as yu need and t ________ the desire f laziness.
A. btainB. resistC. cnveyD. distribute
56．Nt nly can the envirnment f a cuntry suffer frm the sudden grwth f turism but the peple als rapidly feel its ________.
A. benefitsB. cntributinC. demandD. effects
57．—Cngratulatins! Yu ________ great effrts fr the English speech cntest.
—Thanks. I d appreciate my teacher’s guidance.
A. must have madeB. shuld have madeC. culd makeD. wuld make
58．________ the Mntglfier brthers tk flight in ballns in the 18th century, air travel was nt practical until the inventin f pwered flight in 1903.
A. WhenB. SinceC. IfD. While
59．With China’s traditinal tea-making added t UNESCO cultural heritage list, 43 items _____ the intangible cultural heritage list in the past few decades.
A. enteredB. have enteredC. enterD. are entering
60．The truth is ________ we are lucky enugh t have clean water whenever we want, but this is nt the case fr many peple arund the wrld.
A. whatB. whyC. thatD. where
61．I was ________ when Kenny wanted me t take care f his dg fr a few days. I hate dgs.
A. brught under cntrlB. set in mtin
C. taken int accuntD. put n the spt
参考答案
1．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章 Listen t the uter vice部分的 Yur inner vice expresses yur persnal pinins, while the uter vice tells yu abut pinins frm what yu hear r read.(你内心的声音 表达你的个人观点，而外部的声音告诉你从你听到 或读到的观点。)可知你内心的声音就是你所想 的。故答案为B。
2．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章Ask questins部分的 Asking questins is the easiest way t prmte active learning.(提问是提升主动学习最简单的方 法。)可知提问有助于主动学习。故答案为C。
3．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段 S if smene says that dinsaurs still exist tday, think abut why they believe this. Where des the idea cme frm? D they have enugh data t supprt their views? If yu try t find ut the surce f an idea, n matter hw crazy it seems, yu will increase yur chance f learning smething.(因此，如果有人说恐龙今天仍然 存在，想想他们为什么会相信这一点。这个想法从 何而来?他们有足够的数据来支持自己的观点吗? 如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，无论它看起来有 多疯狂，你都会增加你学到东西的机会。)可知积极的学习者总是试图在每一个观点的核心找到真理。故答案为D。
4．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 This ges the ther way as well-d nt just assume that sme peple are always right because f wh they are r just because they are yur friends.(另一方面也是如此—不要仅仅因为某些人是谁或者仅仅因为他们是你的朋 友就认为他们总是对的。)可知我们喜欢的人不一定总是对的。故答案为D。
5．答案：A
解析：目的意图题。根据文章第一段 I suggest ding fur things t take an active rle in yur learning.(我建议做四件事来积极参与你 的学习。)可知作者写这篇文章的目的是就如何主动学习提供一些建议。故答案为A。
6．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句中的At 13, my hpes f fame and frtune cluded all judgment and I begged my parents t let me g.可知，作者出于对名利的渴望而想成为模特。
7．答案：C
解析：观点态度题。根据第一段最后两句At 13, my hpes f fame and frtune cluded all judgement and I begged my parents t let me g. We have never been rich, but they saw my enthusiasm and agreed.以及第三段最后一句 My parents nly agreed after hurs and hurs f my begging.可知，作者的父母并不支持女儿，谈不上“担忧”，因此，他们对女儿的梦想能否成功实现是持怀疑态度的。
8．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者因为身高问题屡次遭遇模特公司的拒绝，由此推断，她意识到自己不可能成为模特了。
9．答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据下文的nly t be tld that I was t shrt以及I was devastated可知，The final straw指的是作者终于不能忍受的最后一件事。
10．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后两句I wanted t be special and I was inncently determined t reach an impssible gal. The experience has made me strnger and that will help me in the future.可知选D项。
11．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“A team f researchers wndered whether clseness t peple might impact thse survival strategies. (一组研究人员想知道，与人们的亲密程度是否会影响这些生存策略。) ”以及最后一段“What the researchers nw wnder is whether the mere presence f turists in less urbanized areas can cause similar changes in wild animals. (研究人员现在想知道的是，仅仅是游客在不太城市化的地区的出现，是否也会导致野生动物发生类似的变化。)”可推知，由Blumstein领导的这项研究的目的是想弄清楚与人类一起生活如何影响动物的生存策略。故选B。
12．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“This behaviral change is perhaps unsurprising when it’s intentinal, the result f dmesticatin r cntrlled breeding. (这种行为变化可能是有意为之的，是驯化或受控育种的结果，也许并不令人惊讶。) ”可知，导致动物失去反捕食者特征的原因是驯化或控制繁殖。故选A。
13．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Either way, these results mean that city living has enugh f an influence n wild animals that evlutinary prcesses kick in. Thse reductins in anti-predatr characteristics becme encded in their genes. (无论哪种方式，这些结果都意味着城市生活对野生动物的影响足够大，以至于进化过程开始了。这些反捕食者特征的减少被编码在它们的基因中。) ”可知，生活在城市里导致动物的基因发生了变化。故选C。
14．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“If we wish t help animals keep their anti-predatr defenses, the researchers say, we might have t intentinally expse animals t predatrs. (研究人员说，如果我们希望帮助动物保持它们的反捕食者防御能力，我们可能必须故意让动物暴露在捕食者面前。) ”可知，如果我们要想让受伤的狐狸被人类照顾恢复健康后回归野外，我们要有目的地使狐狸适应与捕食者相关的环境。故选D。
15．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Either way, these results mean that city living has enugh f an influence n wild animals that evlutinary prcesses kick in. Thse reductins in anti-predatr characteristics becme encded in their genes. (无论哪种方式，这些结果都意味着城市生活对野生动物的影响足够大，以至于进化过程开始了。这些反捕食者特征的减少被编码在它们的基因中。) ”和最后一段的“If s, serius questins exist fr the idea f ethical, welfare-riented ec-turism.(如果是这样，伦理、福利型生态旅游的理念就会存在严重的问题。)”可推断，文章主要讲述随着城市化进程的发展，人类和动物之间的关系更加紧密，动物的反捕食者特征在这一过程中退化甚至失去了，因此推断文章的目的是提醒人们帮助动物以正确的方式生存。故选B。
16．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“When evaluating peple n varius psychlgical tests, psychlgists ften distinguish between markers f abslute perfrmance and relative perfrmance. Abslute perfrmance reflects the raw measurement f smething, like the time it takes t run a mile. Relative perfrmance is hw a persn rates in relatin t their peers, as in what place a runner gets in a race. (在对人们进行各种心理测评时，心理学家经常区分绝对表现和相对表现的标志。绝对表现反映了对某事的原始测量，比如跑一英里所需的时间。相对表现是指一个人相对于他的同伴的评价，比如一个跑步者在比赛中获得的名次。)”可知，本段中，作者的目的是提供一些评价人所需要的背景信息。故选D项。
17．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“The standards we use t evaluate urselves are almst always relative, as we cmpare urselves t ur peers and the standards that are mst familiar t us. (我们用来评价自己的标准几乎总是相对的，因为我们将自己与同龄人和我们最熟悉的标准进行比较)”可知，人们用来评价自己的标准大都是相对的，结合第三段中“Because mst f his clsest peers—his siblings and friends frm childhd—have lives far wrse than his.(因为他最亲密的同龄人——他的兄弟姐妹和儿时的朋友——都比他的生活糟糕得多。)”和第四段中“Because Lena desn’t cmpare herself t the rest f the wrld; This is t abstract an exercise fr her, as it wuld be fr mst f us.(因为莉娜不会把自己和世界上的其他人比较；这对她来说太抽象了，对我们大多数人来说也是如此。)”等内容可知，作者提到他的两个病人是为了用例子解释第二段中所提到的相对表现。故选C项。
18．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thugh Lena’s family allws her t enjy pssessins and experiences that less than l percent f her peers acrss the wrld can share, she cnsistently feels “less than”. (虽然莉娜的家人允许她享受世界上不到1%的同龄人可以分享的财产和经历，但她一直觉得“不足”。)”可知，“莉娜”总是不满足于她所拥有的。故选C项。
19．答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Accrdingly, whether a psychlgist is psychdynamic r cgnitive-behaviral, therapy with individuals struggling with situatin al r psychlgical depressin aims t slve the prblems assciated with basing ne’s self-wrth n cmparisns with thers. Psychlgists try t help peple fcus n persnal grwth arund the achievement f cncrete gals in line with their values independent f the achievement f thers. (因此，无论心理学家是心理动力学的还是认知行为的，对与情境或心理抑郁作斗争的个体的治疗都旨在解决将自我价值建立在与他人比较上的问题。心理学家试图帮助人们关注个人成长，实现符合他们价值观的具体目标，而不受他人成就的影响。)”可知，本段表达了避免不健康的比较是很重要的。故选B项。
20．答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“Psychlgists try t help peple fcus n persnal grwth arund the achievement f cncrete gals in line with their values independent f the achievement f thers. Fr all f us, defining these gals, especially during Perids f emtinal calm, can g a lng way in helping us t avid the trap f relativity that ften leads t situatinal and psychlgical depressin. (心理学家试图帮助人们关注个人成长，实现符合他们价值观的具体目标，而不受他人成就的影响。对我们所有人来说，确定这些目标，尤其是在情绪平静的时期，可以帮助我们避免经常导致情境和心理抑郁的相对性陷阱。)”可知，本文谈论了人们用来评价自己的标准几乎总是相对的，幸福或是不幸都是比较出来的，所以要避免不健康的比较。A“幸福：一切都是相对的吗？”对评价中的相对表现进行质疑，符合主题，故选A项。
21．答案： T encurage them t explre the cean.
解析：考查推理判断。根据首段““Smene nce asked me, ‘What’s the tl yu wuld want t give any student’? And I said, ‘A mask and snrkel (潜水通气管) set,’’’ the cean bilgist Thys says in a vide. And Thys explains, “Ninety-eight percent f the living space n this planet is the cean. It’s wrth a view.”(“有人曾经问我，‘你想给学生什么工具？’”海洋生物学家Thys在一段视频中说：“我说，‘一套面罩和通气管。’”Thys解释说：“这个星球上98%的生存空间是海洋。值得一看。”)”可知，Thys认为这个星球上98%的生存空间是海洋，值得一看，由此可知，Thys送给学生面罩和通气管是为了鼓励他们探索海洋。故答案为T encurage them t explre the cean.
22．答案： The chance t let peple respect and prtect the cean.
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“A big part f what mtivates her wrk is the chance t let peple develp a sense f respect fr the grandness f the cean, and t get peple t participate in effrts t prtect endangered cean ecsystems.(她工作的动力很大一部分是有机会让人们对海洋的壮丽产生尊重，并让人们参与保护濒危海洋生态系统的努力。)”可知，她工作的动力是让人们对海洋的壮丽产生尊重，并让人们努力地参与到保护濒危的海洋生态系统，由此可知，让人们尊重和保护海洋的机会是她工作的动力。故答案为The chance t let peple respect and prtect the cean.
23．答案： It is unique and has great scientific value.
解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的““It’s s different frm any ther fish,” says Thys. “It lks like a mistake. Where des the tail g?” Thys adds. “The sunfish prvides an entry pint t understanding mre abut the behavir f creatures in the cean, and abut hw envirnmental changes impact underwater ecsystems.”(“它和其他任何鱼都不一样，”Thys说。“这看起来像是一个错误。尾巴去哪儿了?”Thys补充道。“太阳鱼为更多地了解海洋生物的行为以及环境变化如何影响水下生态系统提供了一个切入点。”)”可知，sunfish与其它的鱼不同，它为了更多了解海洋生物的行为以及环境变化如何影响水下生态系统，由此可知，Thys认为太阳鱼是独一无二的，具有很大的科学价值。故答案为It is unique and has great scientific value.
24．答案： is busy with her wrk.
解析：考查词义猜测。根据划线句子后的“She culd hardly spare plenty f time fr a gd rest.(她几乎抽不出足够的时间好好休息。)”可知，Thys几乎抽不出时间好好休息，结合划线句子前的“Due t many cean research prjects and activities frm the media(由于媒体的海洋研究项目和活动很多)”可知，Thys有很多的海洋研究项目和活动，由此可知，划线部分的意思应与“她忙于工作”意义相近。故答案为is busy with her wrk.
25．答案： She’s a respectable scientist and her wrk is quite meaningful which can make a big difference t the earth.
解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Thys has devted her career t seeing the cean, and t helping thers watch the great diversity f the underwater wrld.(Thys将她的职业生涯奉献给了观察海洋，并帮助其他人观察海底世界的巨大多样性。)”可知，Thys把职业生涯献给了海洋观察，并帮助其他人观察海底世界的巨大多样性，由此可知，她是一个值得尊敬的人，结合倒数第二段中的“Thys’s wrk als takes her abve grund, where she’s lking at ways t create new cnnectins between human ppulatins and natural envirnments t help address scial and envirnmental challenges.(Thys的工作也将她带到地面上，在那里她正在寻找在人口和自然环境之间建立新联系的方法，以帮助解决社会和环境挑战。)”可知，她在寻找人类与自然环境之间的新联系，已帮助解决社会和环境的挑战，由此可知，她的工作是有意义的，对社会有很大的影响。故答案为She’s a respectable scientist and her wrk is quite meaningful which can make a big difference t the earth.
26．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：它向我展示了他的努力是如何得到回报的，也激发了我的好奇心。A. pride自豪；B. cngratulatins祝贺；C. cncern关心；D. curisity好奇。根据“I wndered whether a small by f my size culd ____2____ smething like that.”可知，它向作者展示了父亲的努力是如何得到回报的，也激发了作者的好奇心。故选D项。
27．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想知道像我这么大的一个小男孩是否能取得这样的成就。A. learn学习；B. deserve值得；C.achieve 实现，取得；D.rganize组织。根据“When my dad finally finished the triathln (铁人三项)in Mntauk”可知，作者想知道像作者这么大的一个小男孩是否能取得这样的成就。故选C项。
28．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我大声说出来我的想法，被父亲听到了。A. saying说；B. figuring 认为；C. acting 行动；D. leaving离开。根据“my father verheard me”可知，作者大声说出自己的想法被父亲听到了。故选A项。
29．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他鼓励我说我可以和他一起训练。A. admired羡慕；B. encuraged鼓励；C. pushed推；D. cnvinced说服。根据“said I culd train with him.”可知，父亲在鼓励作者。故选B项。
30．答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：和我的爸爸训练非常有挑战性。A. unbearable无法接受的；B. exciting令人兴奋的；C. enjyable有乐趣的；D. challenging有挑战的。根据“We wuld get up very early fr a mrning jg r g fr a swim in the pl after schl.”可知，和爸爸训练非常有挑战性。故选D项。
31．答案：C
解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：经过几周的训练，我第一次报名参加了铁人三项比赛。A. learnt frm从……学得；B. suffered frm遭受；C.signed up fr签约加入，报名；D. drpped ut f退出。根据“Befre the cmpetitin”结合后文作者在比赛中的表现和感想可知，经过几周的训练，作者第一次报名参加了铁人三项比赛。故选C项。
32．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：比赛前，我紧张地等待着信号的发出。A. signal信号；B. annuncement宣布；C. result结果；D. permissin允许。根据“When smene fired the gun.”可知，作者紧张地等待着信号的发出。故选A项。
33．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当枪声响起时，我出发了，游向标记着我转弯的远处的浮标。A. riding骑车；B. walking步行；C. swimming游泳；D. dashing猛冲。根据“I finished the half-mile swim”可知，作者游向标记着作者转弯的远处的浮标。故选C项。
34．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我游完了半英里，朝我的自行车跑去。A. bike自行车；B. hrse马；C. destinatin目的地； D. cat外套。根据“Once n the bike”可知，作者游完了半英里，朝自行车跑去。故选A项。
35．答案：B
解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我浑身湿淋淋的，努力地骑上自行车。A. take ff起飞；B. get n 上车；C. knck ut 摧毁；D. put away收拾。根据“Once n the bike”可知，作者努力地骑上自行车。故选B项。
36．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：一骑上自行车上，我体验到一种骑自行车特有的兴奋感。A. running跑；B. traveling旅行；C. cycling 骑自行车；D. swimming游泳。根据常识可知，骑上自行车当然是体验到一种骑自行车特有的兴奋感。选C项。
37．答案：B
解析：考查动词短语和动词词义辨析。句意：我穿过过渡区，换上了我的跑鞋。A. kicked ff开球；B. switched t转向，切换到；C. prepared fr 为……准备；D. plished擦光。根据“my running shes”可知，作者换上了自己的跑鞋。故选B项。
38．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在铁人三项赛跑开始的时候，我的腿已经感觉像水泥做的了。A. arms手臂；B. clthes衣服；C. shes鞋；D. legs腿。根据“At the start f the run part f the triathln”以及“Shut up, legs”可知，作者的腿已经感觉像水泥做的了。故选D项。
39．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管我在赛场上的位置如何，每个参赛者要么正在追赶要么被追赶。A. size尺寸；B. psitin位置；C. age年龄；D. career职业。根据“each racer was either fllwing me ____15____ being fllwed.”可知，不管作者在赛场上的位置如何，每个参赛者要么正在追赶要么被追赶。故选B项。
40．答案：A
解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：不管我在赛场上的位置如何，每个参赛者要么正在追赶要么被追赶。A. r或者；B. and和；C. but但是； D. s所以。either…r…“或者……或者……；要么……要么……”。故选A项。
41．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：比赛的跑步部分实际上是对疼痛的容忍。A. breathlessness呼吸急促；B. thirst口渴；C. stress 压力；D. pain疼痛。根据上文“my 13 already felt like they were made f cement (水泥).”和“tlerance”可知，比赛的跑步部分实际上是对疼痛的容忍。故选D项。
42．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“闭嘴，腿”，我最喜欢的一句话，让我不去想那种灼热的感觉。A. winning获胜的；B. nervus紧张的；C. burning强烈的，发热的；D. prud自豪的。根据“The run part f the race was in fact ____16____ tlerance.”可知，作者最喜欢的一句话，让作者不去想比赛时那种灼热的感觉。故选C项。
43．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我深吸了一口气，然后开始和其他到达终点的选手一起庆祝。A. suggestin建议；B. celebratin庆祝；C. impressin印象；D. rganizatin组织。根据“Then I crssed the finish line.”可知，作者开始和其他到达终点的选手一起庆祝。故选B项。
44．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们所有人都有一种成就感。A. accmplishment成就；B. guilt内疚；C. srrw悲伤；D. participatin参加。根据“Then I crssed the finish line. I tk a breath and then began a（an） ____18____ with the ther finishers.”可知，所有人都有一种成就感。故选A项。
45．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：回想起来，我记得那天在蒙托克的那个小男孩像他爸爸一样怀疑自己能否成功。A. jin加入；B. mve移动；C. prve证明是；D. make使成功。根据“I wndered whether a small by f my size culd ____2____ smething like that.”以及“Nw, that same by is nt nly a huge fan, but als a training partner as well.”可知，回想起来，作者记得那天在蒙托克的那个小男孩像他爸爸一样怀疑自己能否成功。make it“成功”。故选D项。
46．答案：
Dear Chris,
Cngratulatins n yur passing all the exams. And knwing yu are leaving sn, we will hld a farewell party fr yu this Saturday evening. Besides, we are all delighted yu have really made great prgress in yur tw years f studying in China. All yu have gained is the result f yur hard wrk. We are prud f yu and we all appreciate yur help with ur English. We’ll always remember the wnderful time we spent tgether.
It’s a pity that yu have t g back sn! S this Saturday evening, a farewell party fr yu will be held n the secnd flr f the schl dining hill. Culd yu cme by 6: 00 pm.? My classmates and I sincerely hpe that yu will cme and see yu then.
Best regards!
Yurs,
Li Jin
解析：本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Chris写封e-mail，邀请他参加为他举办的欢送会，内容包括：（1） 祝贺他顺利通过考试，他的学习进步很大，为他骄傲；（2） 感谢他帮助你们学习英语；（3） 时间：星期六晚六点；地点：你校餐厅二楼大厅。
1. 词汇积累
举办：hld→hst
另外：besides→mrever
高兴的：delighted→happy
真诚地：sincerely→genuinely
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：And knwing yu are leaving sn, we will hld a farewell party fr yu this Saturday evening.
拓展句：Because we knw yu are leaving sn, we will hld a farewell party fr yu this Saturday evening.
[高分句型1] All yu have gained is the result f yur hard wrk. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句，省略了that)
[高分句型2] My classmates and I sincerely hpe that yu will cme and see yu then.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
47．答案：B
解析：考查情景交际。句意：——你可以在咖啡厅外面用餐吗？——我不这么认为，但这听起来是个好主意。A. it’s nt yur business不关你的事；B. it sunds like a gd idea听起来是个好主意；C. I culdn’t agree mre我非常同意；D. dn’t jump t cnclusins不要草率下结论。根据but表示转折，说明认为是个好主意。故选B。
48．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我养过的所有动物中，这两只狗对语言最为灵敏。A. sensitive敏感的；灵敏的；B. reasnable合理的；C. cnsiderate体贴的；D. accessible可接近的。由下文“t the spken wrds.”可知，此处表示对语言最为灵敏，be sensitive t固定搭配，意为“对……敏感；对……灵敏”，故选A。
49．答案：A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：表情包可以让交流变得更友好，即使是严肃的语气也可以用一个鼓励的微笑来软化。A. even甚至、即使；B. still还、依旧；C. als此外、而且；D. yet仍然、还。根据句意可知，前半句说表情包可以让交流变得更友好，后半句说即使是严肃的语气也可以用表情包来软化，前后之间为递进关系，应用even。故选A项。
50．答案：B
解析：考查固定句型。句意：前几天我在泰勒的店里买一个新的闹钟，突然听到有人在唱一首熟悉的歌。此处为句型sb. be ding sth. when...表示“某人正在，这时……”；根据后文heard可知为过去进行时。故选B。
51．答案：C
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们的祖先曾享受过大自然的治愈力量，现在科学家们开始追赶大自然的治愈力量。A. hld back阻止；B. mve n继续前进；C. catch up追赶，赶上；D. get acrss被理解，解释清楚。结合句意可知，此处表示“赶上”应为catch up。故选C项。
52．答案：A
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这种基于科学研究的新疗法为患有罕见疾病的患者带来了希望。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作非谓语动词，逻辑主语the new treatment与动词rt之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故选A项。
53．答案：B
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：随着落叶每年被埋在地下，土壤变得越来越肥沃。空格处构成“with+名词+过去分词”的结构，fallen leaves 表示“落叶”，过去分词作定语表示完成；leaves和bury之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选B。
54．答案：C
解析：考查定语从句。句意：除了比赛，还有诗歌沙龙这样的活动，在那里你可以和别人分享诗歌。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰前面的petry salns，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选C项。
55．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：获得优异成绩的诀窍是要有足够的决心，并抵制懒惰的欲望。A. btain获得；B. resist抵制；C. cnvey表达；D. distribute分发。根据后文“the desire f laziness”可知，此处指抵制懒惰的欲望。故选B。
56．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个国家的环境不仅会受到旅游业突然增长的影响，而且人们也会迅速感受到它的影响。A. benefits利益；B. cntributin贡献；C. demand需求；D. effects影响。根据上文“Nt nly can the envirnment f a cuntry suffer frm the sudden grwth f turism”可知，此处指人们也会感受到这种影响，故选D项。
57．答案：A
解析：考查情态动词。句意：——祝贺你!你一定为这次英语演讲比赛下了很大的功夫。——谢谢。我很感激老师的指导。A. must have dne一定已经做了；B. shuld have dne本应做；C. culd d能做；D. wuld d会做。根据句意可知，演讲很成功，说话人向演讲者表达祝贺，说话人推测演讲者在此之前一定为这次比赛下了很大的功夫；对过去情况的肯定推测用must have dne结构，意为“一定做了……”。故选A项。
58．答案：D
解析：考查状语从句。句意：尽管18世纪，蒙哥菲兄弟乘气球飞行，但直到1903年动力飞机发明，空中旅行才成为现实。A. When当……时候B. Since既然；C. If如果；D. While虽然，尽管。结合句意可知，句子为转折让步关系，应用while引导的让步状语从句。故选D。
59．答案：B
解析：考查现在完成时。句意：随着中国传统制茶被列入联合国教科文组织文化遗产名录，在过去的几十年里，有43个项目进入了非物质文化遗产名录。A. entered是过去式或过去分词；B. have entered是现在完成时；C. enter是动词原形；D. are entering是现在进行时。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语动词，时间状语是“in the past few decades”，故用现在完成时。故选B项。
60．答案：C
解析：考查表语从句。句意：事实是，我们很幸运，随时都能喝到干净的水，但对世界上许多人来说，情况并非如此。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，且句意完整，所以应用连接词that。故选C项。
61．答案：D
解析：考查短语辨析。句意：当肯尼要我照顾他的狗几天时，我很为难。我讨厌狗。A. brught under cntrl把……控制起来；B. set in mtin启动、使开始运作起来；C. taken int accunt考虑到；D. put n the spt使陷入困境。根据后面的I hate dgs.可知，应该是感到为难。故选D项。