高中英语2025届高考语法复习状语从句知识讲解

这是一份高中英语2025届高考语法复习状语从句知识讲解，共11页。学案主要包含了时间状语从句，地点状语，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，让步状语从句，目的状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。

在主从复合句中，当一个句子用作状语，起副词作用修饰另一个句子的谓语动词时，这个句子就叫做状语从句。由连词或词组引导。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
状语从句共有九类，分别是时间状语从句 ，地点状语从句，原因状语从句 ，条件状语从句 ，让步状语从句，结果状语从句 ，目的状语从句 ，比较状语从句 ，方式状语从句 。
一、时间状语从句
1.概念
在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。
2.要点
在状语从句中，要注意时态一致。主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。主句是过去时，从句也要用过去时
3.时间状语从句连接词
When、 while 、as、befre、after、
since 、till /until、 by the time 、
the first time , each time, every time ,nce，whenever，n matter when
一…就… ：
as sn as,
immediately, directly, instantly,
the mment, the instant, the secnd ,
the minute,
hardly…when, scaecely…when, rarely…when, n sner…than.
①、when, while和as
a.when引导的可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬间动词。主从句的动作可同时发生，也可之前或之后，
When she came in, I stpped eating.
她进来时，我停止吃饭。(瞬间动词)
When I lived in the cuntryside, I used t carry sme water fr him.
当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）
When I had read the article, he called me.
我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。
( 从句动作发生在主句之前)
When I gt t the cinema, the film had begun.当我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。
从句的动作发生在主句之后
注意
a.当when和be ding,be abut t， be ging t d,had just dne搭配时，表示“正要做/刚刚做…这/那时”。
【例】
We were abut t leave when he came in.
我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。(瞬间动词)
b.While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
(was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)
While也可以当表示对比（或者相对应）时。
【例】
I like playing ftball while yu like playing basketball.
我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）
c.as引导的动作是延续性也可以是瞬间动词，主句和从句动作同时发生；
【例】
As we was ging ut, it began t snw.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。
as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间,
as也可表示“一边……一边”，
I always sing as I walk.我总是边走边唱。
d.这三个连词有时可以互换，有时不可以。
It was raining hard when (as) I gt there
我到那里时，正在下大雨。
(动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，因为get是点动词.)
He was abut t leave, when the telephne rang.他正要离开，忽然电话响了。
when不能放在句首。主句动词表达 “正在” “即将”，while, as不能代
She thught I was talking abut her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking abut my daughter.
他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。
(表转折，对比，when, as都不能代替它)
Mther was wrried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.
妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。
此时as ,when, while可通用.
②.由befre和after引导的时间状语从句。
a.befre引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，且当befre引导的从句位于主句之后，当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；
如果befre引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时。
They had gt everything ready befre I arrived．在我到达之前他们已经把一切都准备好了。
The train had left befre I arrived at the statin．在我到达车站之前火车已开走了。
b.It is+ time +befre…才(肯定句中意为才)
【例】
It was a lng time befre I went t sleep again.过了很长时间我才睡着。
It was an hur befre(＝until) the plice arrived.过了一个小时，警察才来。
It will be fur days befre they cme back.他们要过四天才能回来。
We had sailed 4 days befre we saw the land.
The wrkers wrked lng hurs fr tw weeks befre everything returned t nrmal．工人们长时间地工作了两周后，一切才恢复正常。
He was s absrbed in his wrk that fur hurs had passed befre he knew it．他如此专注于工作，不知不觉四个小时就过去了。
Time passed quickly and three mnths went by befre he knew it．时间飞快地流逝，他没感觉到三个月已过去了。
c.It is nt +time befre…（否定句中意为没多久…就）
It was nt lng befre he learned t tell a stry in English.
We hadn’t run a mile befe he felt tired.
They had nt been married fur mnths befre they were divrced.
d 没来得及，来不及
The student rushed ut f the classrm befre the teacher said a wrd.
Einstein almst kncked me dwn befre he saw me.
爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left fr Canada just befre the letter arrived.
我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
e.表示“趁着……”。
We can set ff early befre it gets ht．我们可以趁着天不热早点出发。
Yu’d better write the phrases dwn befre yu frget them．
趁着你还没有忘记，赶紧把这些词组写下来。
Please put them away befre they are missing．
趁着他们还没有丢，把它们收好吧。
f.表示“宁可。宁愿”，相当于rather than。
I’d die befre I aplgized t them．我宁死也不向他们道歉。
I wuld be pr befre I gt mney in this way．我宁愿穷也不愿用这种方式挣钱。
g.after表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与befre引导的从句相反。
【例】
After yu think it ver, please let me knw what yu decide.
你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。
After we had finished the wrk, we went hme.
完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）
③.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。
till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。
如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；
I didn't g t bed until（till）my father came back.
如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。
【例】
Please wait until I arrived.
在我到达之前请等我。
I wrked until he came back.
我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't wrk until he came back.
他回来我这才开始工作。
Nt until the meeting was ver did he begin t teach me English.
直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
④.由since引导的时间状语从句。
since引导的从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。
在It is ＋时间＋since(从…以来多长时间了，since +从句或名词，表示一段时间)的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是瞬时动词。
I have been in Beijing since yu left.
自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。
Where have yu been since I last saw yu?
自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？
since引导的从句的谓语动词也可以是延续性的动词，但动词的动作以结束时算起，
It is fur years since my sister lived in Beijing.
我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five mnths since ur bss was in Beijing.
我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
It is five years since we enjyed the cncert last time.
自从上次之后我们已经五年没有欣赏音乐会了。
⑤.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。
注意时态的变化：
在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。
【例】
By the time yu came back, I had finished this bk.
到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。
By the time yu cme here tmrrw, I will have finished this wrk.
你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。
⑥.由the first time引导的时间状语从句，注意与fr the first time的区别
The first time he came t Harbin, he liked there.
他第一次来哈尔滨，就喜欢那里了。
He came t Harbin fr the first time.
他第一次来哈尔滨。
⑦.each time, every time ,nce，whenever也可以引导的时间状语从句
【例】
Yu grw yunger every time I see yu.
每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。
Whenever that man says“T tell the truth”, I suspect that he's abut t tell a lie.
每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。
⑧.由as sn as, immediately, directly, instantly, the mment, the instant, the minute,the secnd 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一……就”。
【例】
As sn as I reach Canada, I will ring yu up.我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。
I will g there directly I have finished my breakfast.
吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。
The mment I heard the news, I hastened t the spt.
我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。
另外由 hardly…when,scaecely…when,rarely…when,n sner…than引导的时间状语从句也表示“一……就”,主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
He had n sner arrived hme than he was asked t start n anther jurney.
当hardly, scarcely, rarely和n sner位于句首时，主句用倒装语序。
【例】
N sner had he arrived hme than he was asked t start n anther jurney.他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。
Hardly had I sat dwn when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。
Scarcely had he fallen asleep when he felt a sft tuch n his shulder.
刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。
二、地点状语
1概念: 表示地点、 方位的从句
2用法：
(1).由连接词where, Anywhere/everywhere, wherever，n matter where 等引导。
句型1
Where＋地点从句， （there）＋主句。“哪里……哪里就……”
当地点状语从句表示抽象条件:有时含有条件的意义，此时需放在主句之前。
【例】
Where there is a will , there is a way.
Where there is n rain, （there）farming is difficult r impssible.
在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。
Where they went, （there) they were warmly welcmed.They were gd persns.
他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。他们都是好人。
Where the Cmmunist Party f China ges, (there) the peple are liberated.
哪里有了中国共产党，哪里人民得解放。
句型2
wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。表示“在何处，无论何处”。
(wherever，n matter where)无论何处，多用于句首。
【例】
Wherever there is fire , there is smke.
Wherever（n matter where）the sea is , yu will find seamen.有海就有海员。
Wherever（n matter where）yu g , I g t.无论你到什么地方，我也去。
Wherever I went, the dg fllwed me.
无论我走到哪里，那只狗都跟着我。
anywhere/everywhere相当于连词，引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。意思相似于wherever,
句型3
表示具体地点时，从句可位于主句之前或之后。
【例】
They will g where they are happy.
他们想到他们觉得快乐的地方去。
Where the tw rads meet the castle std.
那座城堡曾位于这两条公路交汇的地方。
Yu shuld put the bk where it was.
(2).地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：
状语从句前则无需先行词，而where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；
引导地点状语时，where≠介词＋which；
引导定语从句时，where =介词＋which。
We’ll g where wrking cnditins are difficult.
We’ll g t the place where wrking cnditins are difficult.
G back where yu came frm.
G back t the village where yu came frm.
Yu shuld have put the bk where yu fund it.
It will be a mixed schl where all the children are nt disabled.
他将是一所混合式学校，那里的儿童并不都是残疾。
(where引导定语从句，修饰schl)
We must camp where we can get water.我们须在能找到水的地方露营。
三、条件状语从句
1.连词
if, unless (=if nt) ,while/nly if as/s lng as,只要 ,prviding/ prvided that, suppse/ suppsing that假如, in case that, n cnditin that等
2.注意时态
当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.
He will nt leave if it isn’t fine tmrrw.
主句一般将来时， 从句一般现在时
They are ging t have a picnic if it desn’t rain next week.
If it desn’t rain tmrrw, we will g hiking.如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.
Yu will get gd grades if yu study hard.
如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.
We’ll start ur prject suppsing that the president agrees.
Yu will certainly succeed s lng as yu keep n trying.
Prvided that there is n ppsitin, we shall hld the meeting here.
I will g t the party unless he ges there， t.我会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.
Yu will be late unless yu leave immediately.如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.
=If yu dn’t leave immediately, yu will be late.
四、原因状语从句
1.连词
because, since， nw that，既然, as ，in that,由于，seeing that ，fr等
I didn’t g t schl yesterday because I was ill.我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。
Since everybdy is here, let’s begin ur meeting.
既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧.
As yu are in pr health, yu shuld nt stay up late.由于你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜.
I asked her t stay t tea, fr I had smething t tell her.
我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.
2.because , since , as , fr辨析
1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。
I didn’t g, because I was afraid.
2)当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as、nw that 、since（引导的从句在主句前）、in that或seeing that因为。
Since /As the weather is s bad, we have t delay ur jurney.
This bk is different frm that bk in that this ne is abut chemistry and
that ne abut histry.这本书不同于那本,因为这本是有关化学的,而那本是有关历史的。
3）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用fr来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用fr。
He is absent tday, because / fr he is ill.
He must be ill, fr he is absent tday.
3.as和fr的区别：
通常情况下，as引导的从句在主句前，fr引导的从句在主句后。
As the weather is cld, I stay at hme.
I stay at hme, fr the weather is cld.
4.短语 Because f ,thanks t ,due t,wing t ,n accunt f也可以表示原因，但不是状语从句。
五、让步状语从句
1.连词
thugh, althugh， as， even if, even thugh.，"n matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"引导.
2.注意：thugh, althugh都不能和but连用.
Althugh,(thugh)…but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用.
Wrng:
Althugh he is rich but he is nt happy.
Right :
Althugh 、thugh he is rich, yet he is nt happy.
虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.
Right :
Althugh we have grwn up, ur parents still treat us as children.
尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.
3.althugh, thugh 辨析
althugh 不能像thugh 那样用作副词, 放在句末。表示强调时要用even thugh.
【例】
He is lking fit, thugh.
可是,他看上去很健康.
Even thugh I didn’t understand a wrd, I kept smiling.
尽管我一个字也不懂，我还是一直微笑着。
He is quite experienced, he is yung, thugh.尽管他很年轻，他很有经验。
4 as, thugh 引导的倒装句
as / thugh引导的让步从句中的名词、形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前。
（1）.名词 + as + 主语 + 系动词。句首名词不能带任何冠词。如：
Child as /thugh he was, he knew what was the right thing t d.
Student as he is, he des nt study hard.他虽然是个学生，却不努力学习。
Strng man as [thugh] he is, General Btha has been severely put t the
test during the past few weeks.波赛将军虽然坚强，但在过去的数周里也受到了严峻的考验。
（2）形容词 + as/thugh + 主语 + 系动词。如：
Tired as/ thugh he is, he ffers t help me.
（3）.副词 + as /thugh + 主语 + 谓语部分。如：
Much as I admire his curage, I dn’t think he acted wisely.
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree t his prpsal.
（4）..分词 + as/thugh + 主语 + 系动词。如：
Well-written as/ thugh the bk is, the authr is nt satisfied and prepared
t revise it.尽管这本书写得很好，作者还是不满意并打算修改它。
Surrunded as/ thugh we were by the enemy, we managed t march frward.
虽然我们被敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。
Raining as/ thugh it is, I’m ging ut fr a walk.
Munching the apple as/ thugh he was, he had gt an eye fr
all Jhn’s mvements.他尽管在一个劲地嚼着苹果，但仍警惕着约翰的一举一动。
（5）.动词原形 + as/thugh + 主语 + 谓语的另一部分（情态动词或助动词may, might, will,wuld等）。句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
【例】
Try as yu will, yu wn’t be able t persuade him.
Try hard as he will, he never seems able t d the wrk satisfactrily.
Lse mney as he des, he gets a lt f experience
Fail in the electin as he did, he became famus fr his fiery speech
against slavery.尽管落选了，他却以其反对奴隶制的激烈演说出名。
六、目的状语从句
1.连词
that（以便），s that（以便）， in rder that（为了；以便），lest，in case,
fr fear that,以防\以免等
目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, culd, shuld, wuld等情态动词。
【例】
I gt up early s that I culd catch the first bus.
我起得很早，目的是为了赶上头班公共汽车
Yu must speak luder s that /in rder that yu can be heard by all.
Say it luder(s)that everyne can hear yu.大声说，以便大家都能听到你。
I am telling yu that fr fear that/in case /lest yu shuld make a mistake.
我告诉你这一点，以免你搞错。
2.注意：
1）在口语中s可以引导目的状语从句。
We'll sit nearer the frnt s we can hear better.我们坐的靠前一点，因此，我们能听得清楚一点。
2）in rder that与in rder t的区别：
in rder that+从句
in rder t+动词原形= t+动词原形
3) t + adj + t+动词原形
adj + enugh + t+动词原形
七、结果状语从句
1连词s…that, such…that, s much/many/little/few…that引导。
1）s…that 如此…以至于
The scientist’s reprt was s instructive that we were all very excited.
科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。
He always studied s hard that he made great prgress.
他总是那么努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。
2）such…that 如此……以至
It’s such nice weather that all f us want t g t the park.
天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。
3）s that 结果
I gt up early s that I caught the first bus.
我起得很早，结果赶上了头班公共汽车
比较：s和 such
s +形容词或副词
s+形容词 a/an +单数名词，
s +many / few / much/ little +复数名词 或 不可数名词
such a+形容词+ 单数名词
such +形容词（除many / few / much/ little）+复数名词或不可数名词
【例】
S ht a day
such a ht day
s many peple
s much / little mney.
such gd bks
such rapid prgress
such a lt f peple
a lt f 虽相当于 many，但 a lt f 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）
s…that与such…that之间的转换既为 s与such之间的转换。
The by is s yung that he can’t g t schl.
He is such a yung by that he can’t g t schl
2.难点
s +adj或adv.+ that，
such +n.+ that引导结果状语从句表示结果.
s that以便于\结果 ,/such（…）that以便于\结果 可以引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句，引导目的状语从句时，从句里常有can, culd, may, might, will, wuld等，相当于in rder that。
I get up early s that I can catch the first bus.
我起得很早，以便能赶上头班公共汽车(目的状语从句)
I’ve had s many falls that I’m black and blue all ver.
我跌了很多跤，浑身数摔得青一块紫一块.（结果状语从句）
Mike is s hnest a man that we all believe him.
麦克是如此诚实的一个人,以至于大家都相信他（结果状语从句）
=Mike is such an hnest man that we all believe him.
He is such a gd by that everyne likes him.（结果状语从句）
3.注意
s+形容词放句首时，句子要倒装
S fast did he walk that nne f us was his equal
S nice is the weather that I’d like t take a walk.
天气是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步.
八、比较状语从句
要点
主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。
1.原级
as…as 和。。。一样
nt s(as)…as …和不一样
Jack is as tall as Bb.捷克和汤姆一样高。
She is nt s(as)utging as her sister.她不如她姐姐外向。
She is as bad-tempered as her mther.
The huse is three times as big as urs.
2.比较级mre…than
than any ther+单数n
This bk isn’t mre instructive than that ne.
=This bk is less instructive than that ne.
这本书不比那本书更有教育意义。
This street is busier than any ther street in ur city.
3.最高级
the + 形容词+est…f/in ，the mst…f /in
This rad is the busiest street in ur city.
这条路是我们城市最繁忙的This bk is the mst interesting f the three.
这本书是三本中最有趣的。
4.特殊引导词：
the mre … the mre … ; 越…越…
n mre than仅仅
nt mre than少于
n less than 有...之多
nt less than 不少于
n … 比较级than;像…一样不…
nt …比较级than;不比…更…
ne f the + 名词(复数)….之一(用于最高级)
【例】
The mre yu exercise, the healthier yu will be.
The mre yu listen t English,the easier it becmes.
The harder yu wrk,the greater prgress yu will make.
The mre pictures I take,the mre skilled I becme.
I have n mre than tw pens.
It’s n mre than a mile t the shps.
Jack is n mre diligent than Jhn.
Jack is nt mre diligent than Jhn.
Han Mei is ne f the best students in ur schl.
九、方式状语从句
1连词
as(像…一样/随着), (just) as…s…, as if, as thugh, the way等
1) as引导状语从句:像…一样/随着，
【例】
When in Rme, d as the Rmans d.
入乡随俗
Yu always d t the thers as yu wuld be dne by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
2）在(just) as…s…结构中 as位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意为"正如…"，
"就像"，多用于正式文体，
Just as water is t fish, s air is t man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
类似的还有：
A is t B what /as X is t Y;
Fd is t men what il is t machine.
食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。
3) as if, as thugh
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，
有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。译作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，
【例】
She behaved as if she were the bss.她的行为就好像她是一个老板。
They cmpletely ignre these facts as if (as thugh) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语虚拟语气。）
He lks as if (as thugh) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
It lks as if the weather may pick up very sn.
看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）
注：as if / as thugh也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，
【例】
He stared at me as if seeing me fr first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his thrat as if t say smething.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed n the rcks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。
4) the way 就像…一样
Smetimes we teach ur children the way ur parents have taught us.
有时我们教我们的孩子就像我们的父母教我们一样。
Mary smiles the way her mther des