高中英语2025届高考语法复习状语从句知识讲解2
展开一、什么是状语从句?
状语从句是指一组扮演副词角色的词语。与所有从句一样,状语从句包含一个主语和一个动词。
下面是一个简单的状语从句示例:
Keep hitting the gng until I tell yu t stp. 继续敲锣,直到我叫你停为止。
将上面的例子与下面的类似句子进行比较,后者是一个带有普通副词(nrmal adverb)的例子。
Keep hitting the gng hurly.
(这段粗体字是普通副词nrmal adverb,不是状语从句adverbial clause)
在上面两个例子中,状语从句和一般副词都告诉我们何时(when)敲锣。因此,它们都是时间副词。区别是一个从句,一个是普通副词。
根据状语从句的类型进行了分类。
二、时间状语从句(When?)
时间状语从句表示事情发生的时间或频率。时间状语从句通常以下列从属连词(subrdinating cnjunctins)之一开头: "after、as、as lng as、as sn as、befre、n sner than、since、until、when 或 while。时间状语从句的连词使用起来比较麻烦,很容易弄混,后面还会有一篇文章专门进行讲解。
当时间状语从句涉及未来时间时,主句中通常用 "will/shall "表示未来,但从句(subrdinate clause)中不使用 "will/shall",而是根据意思使用一般现在时(simple present)或现在完成时(present perfect)。
例如:
Mr. Brwn will telephne yu (as sn as he returns / has returned).
main clause subrdinate adverbial clause f time
当主句是祈使句(imperative)时,从句使用现在(完成)时。
例如:
Call me (when yu knw the results / as sn as yu have finished the reprt).
三、地点状语从句(Where?)
地点状语从句表示事情发生的地点。地点状语从句通常以介词(如, "in," "n," "near")或下列从属连词之一开头:"anywhere," "everywhere," "where," r "wherever."
Examples:
Anywhere the struggle is great, the level f ingenuity and inventiveness is high. 凡是斗争大的地方,聪明才智和发明创造的水平就高。
I am nt afraid f the pen, the scaffld, r the swrd. I will tell the truth wherever I please. 我不怕笔杆子,不怕绞刑架,也不怕刀剑。只要我愿意,我就会在任何地方说出真相。
四、方式状语从句(Hw?)
方式状语从句说明如何做某事。方式(manner)状语从句通常以下列从属连词之一开头: 如 "as"、"like "或 "the way"。
as 和 like 的区别:
as 表示 "扮演的角色"( "in the rle f")。
Example:
Jane has been wrking (as a sprts trainer).
Here Jane is a sprts trainer.
like 表示 "与相似"( "similar t")。
Example:
Jane has been wrking (like a sprts trainer).
Here Jane isn't a sprts trainer but she wrks in the same way as a sprts trainer.
注意:"as a sprts trainer "和 "like a sprts trainer "都是无谓语句(VERBLESS clauses),即没有动词成分。
五、原因状语从句(Why?)
原因状语从句为主旨提供了一个理由。原因状语从句通常以下列从属连词之一开头: 如 "as," ("由于")"because,"("因为")、 "given,"("鉴于")、 或 "since."( "因为")。
Examples:
I dn't have a bank accunt because I dn't knw my mther's maiden name. 我没有银行账户,因为我不知道我母亲的娘家姓。
Since yu are like n ther being ever created since the beginning f time, yu are incmparable. 因为你与有史以来创造的任何其他生物都不同,所以你是无与伦比的。
六、程度(Degree)状语从句
程度状语从句说明某事的程度或进行比较。程度状语从句通常以下列从属连词之一开头:"than,"("比")、 ","("如一样")、 ","("如此 ")等。
Examples:
A vacuum is a hell f a lt better than sme f the stuff that nature replaces it with. 比起大自然的某些替代品,真空吸尘器要好得多。
He is as smart as he is tall. 他既聪明又高大。
She is nt s bright as she thinks she is. 她并不像她自己认为的那么聪明。
有时,程度状语从句中的动词可以不存在(nt present)。例如:
Yu are taller than I.
(在这个例子中,动词 "am "被省略了,这是允许的。)。
Yu are taller than I am.
(这是完整版本 full versin.)
Yu are taller than me.
(这是口语版本cllquial versin。)
七、结果(Result)状语从句
我们用 "这样"(“s that”)和 "为了"(“in rder that”)来谈论目的。我们经常将它们与情态动词(mdal verbs )(can,wuld,will 等)一起使用。s that 比 in rder that 更常见,in rder that 更正式:
Example 1:
I'll g by car (s that I can take mre luggage).
We left a message with his neighbur (s that he wuld knw we'd called).
(In rder that yu can sign the frm), please print it ut and mail it t this address.
Example 2:
We ften leave ut that after s in infrmal situatins:
Example: I've made sme sandwiches (s (that) we can have a snack n the way).
在谈到未来时,我们可以在s that之后用一般现在时或 will/'ll。而我们通常在 in rder that 之后使用一般现在时来谈论未来:
Example 1:
I'll pst the CD tday (s that yu get it by the weekend).
(r ... s that yu will get it...)
Example 2:
We will send yu are minder (in rder that yu arrive n time fr yur appintment).
(r ... s that yu arrive n time... r ... s that yu'll arrive n time...)
S that (but nt in rder that) 也可以表示 "结果如此"('with the result that')。这种结构用于通过提及结果或后果(用that-clause)来强调事情的程度(用SO 或 SUCH A)。
SO
s + adjectives r adverbs + that clause
E.g. The day is s terrible that we are ging t stay at hme.
Her huse is s far that we have t g by car.
另外,在书面正式英语(written Frmal English)中,"SO "可以放在句首,后面是主语的倒装(INVERSION)。这种形式用于表示强调或强调某个观点。
S clearly did he speak that I heard every wrd. (DID is used because it is a past tense)
S stupid were her questins that I refused t answer.
S interesting was the bk that I culdn't stp until I finished it.
SUCH A
Such a 修饰名词(可数名词和不可数名词,无论其前是否有形容词)。
e.g. It was such a great painting that I had t buy it.
在非正式的书面英语中,这种结构 SUCH A+ADJECTIVE+NOUN 可以用 SO+ADJECTIVE+A+NOUN 代替。
e g. That is such a great restaurant.
That is s great a restaurant.
八、条件(Cnditin)状语从句
条件状语从句说明主旨生效的条件。条件状语从句通常以 "if"("如果") 或 "unless."("除非")开头。
"除非"(unless)的意思是 "如果不是"(if nt)。
Example:
(Unless it rains), I'll walk t wrk tmrrw. (r If it desn't rain, I'll walk t wrk tmrrw.)
I'll make dinner (unless smebdy else wants t).(r I'll make dinner if nbdy else wants t.)
把动词放在前面:如果 "if "分句中的第一个动词是 shuld、were 或 had,可以把这些助动词移到主语前面,省略 "if"。
Example 1:
(If yu shuld need mre infrmatin), please read ur pamphlet.
(Shuld yu need mre infrmatin), please read ur pamphlet.
Example 2:
(If I had knwn Paul wuld d such a thing), I wuld have dismissed him earlier.
(Had I knwn Paul wuld d such a thing), I wuld have dismissed him earlier.
九、让步(Cncessin)状语从句
让步状语从句提供了一个与主旨形成对比(cntrast)的陈述。让步状语从句通常以下列从属连词之一开头: "while," ("虽然")、"whereas," ("而")、 "thugh,"("尽管")、 "althugh,"("虽然")、 "even thugh,"("即使")或 "even if."("即使")。
其中,even if和even thugh的区别是:
"即使"(even if)的意思是 "是否"("whether r nt");用于谈论不真实(unreal)或意料之外(unexpected)的情况。
Example:
(Even if Jhn studied hard), he failed the admissin test.
Here the speaker knws that Jhn didn't nrmally study hard r desn't knw whether he studied hard (r nt).
"尽管"(even thugh)表示 "尽管/不顾"("in spite f / despite the fact that")。
Example:
(Even thugh Jhn studied hard), he failed the admissin test.
Here the speaker knws that Jhn studied hard, but, unfrtunately, he failed the test.
十、状语从句的属性(Prperties)
1. 状语从句是一个由很多词组成的副词。这意味着可以去掉它,而不会使句子出现语法错误。
2. 状语从句是一个从句(dependent clause)。这意味着它本身不能独立成为有意义的句子。
3. 状语从句通常以从属连词(subrdinating cnjunctin)(e.g., "althugh," "because," "if," "until," "when")开头。
4. 一个状语从句包含一个主语(subject)和一个动词(verb)。(这是使它成为一个状语从句clause而不是短语phrase的原因)。
十一、状语从句中使用逗号
当状语从句(或短语)位于句子的前面时(通常称为前置状语从句 frnted adverbial),在从句后加逗号。
Fr example:
Where there are t many sldiers, there is n peace. Where there are t many lawyers, there is n justice. 士兵太多的地方,就没有和平。律师太多,就没有正义。
当您的状语从句在后面时,倾向于省略逗号。Fr example:
There is n peace where there are t many sldiers. There is n justice where there are t many lawyers. 士兵太多的地方就没有和平。律师太多,就没有正义。
这条 "规则"("rule")对大多数状语从句(往往是时间、地点或条件副词)都很有效。然而,这一条规则并不是绝对的。
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