专题02.第二章 冠词（初升高衔接）（教师版+学生版）--（人教版高中英语）

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我们在初中学习了a用于以辅音开头的名词或其修饰语前，an用于以元音开头的名词或其修饰语前，the表示语境中双方都知道或特指的用法，还学习了不用冠词的一些情况。
回顾一：不定冠词的用法
a应该放在以辅音开头的名词或其修饰语前，而an则放在以元音开头的名词或其修饰语前。但是我们所说的元音并不是指元音字母，而是指读音。a可以表示种类，即一类人或物；
也可以表示“一个”。另外也用于构成词组或者成语中。
1.Teachers always tell us t try t be hnest student tday and useful man tmrrw.(B)
A.a;anB.an;aC.an;anD.a;a
回顾二：定冠词的用法
英语中定冠词就是the。定冠词具有确定的意思，用以特指人或事物，表示所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。常特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，或指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物，或用以复述上文提到过的人或事物，也可用在序数词和形容词最高级前。
2.-Have yu read a bk called The Merchant f Venice?
-Yes. bk is very interesting.(C)
A.AnB.AC.TheD./
回顾三：零冠词的用法
语言、三餐、学科、球类、节假日、星期、月份、日期、季节、报纸标题、图像说明、文章题目、标志、广告前等不加冠词。
3.-Will yu stay fr supper with us?
-Sure.I'd lve t.Hme cking is just what I like. (D)
A.aB.anC.theD./
随堂练习
1.(2021东营垦利二模,16)What fine weather! Shall we g fr walk?
A.a;a B./;a C./;/ D.a;the
B 【解析】句意:多好的天气!我们能去散步吗?本题考查冠词。weather为不可数名词,前面不用冠词,g fr a walk为固定搭配,故选B。
2.(2021青岛黄岛二模,21)—D yu knw number f the students in Grade 9 in Huangda?
—Abut 15,000. And number f them wrk really hard.
A.a;a B.a;the C.the;a D.the;the
C 【解析】句意:——你知道黄岛九年级的学生人数吗?——大约15,000人。他们中的许多人学习非常努力。本题考查冠词。固定搭配the number f...意为“……的数量”,a number f意为“许多”。根据句意可知应该选C。
3.(2020临沂河东一模,16)—Wh is wman ver there?
—Oh, she's my cusin. She's a teacher f university.
A.a;an B.the;an C.the;a
C 【解析】句意:——那边的女士是谁?——哦,她是我表姐。她是一所大学的老师。本题考查冠词。“那边的女人”是特指,应该用定冠词。“一所大学”为泛指,应该用不定冠词,university以辅音音素开头,故选C。
4.(2020日照岚山一模,16)T make it clear, I must g up t secnd flr and ask ur teacher secnd time.
A.the;a B.the;the C.a;the D.a;a
A 【解析】句意:为了弄清楚,我必须上二楼再问老师一次。本题考查冠词。the secnd flr意为“第二层楼”,序数词前面用定冠词,表示“第几”;“a/an+序数词”为固定搭配,表示“再一,又一”。故选A。
5.(2021聊城临清二模,56)I never sat in frnt f TV all evening and I went ut fr (冠词) shrt run.
a 【解析】本题考查不定冠词。习惯搭配g fr a run意为“去跑步”。故填a。
6.(2021济宁任城一模,五,1)Nw she is university student in Ningb.
a 【解析】句意:她现在是宁波的一名大学生。本题考查不定冠词。“一名学生”为泛指,university是以辅音音素开头的,应用不定冠词a。
7.(2021日照一模,52)It was quite ld bike her grandpa had given her years ag.
an 【解析】句意:这是她爷爷多年前送给她的一辆相当旧的自行车。本题考查不定冠词。此处表泛指,ld以元音音素开头,故填an。
8.(2020聊城东昌府一模,36)At that mment, girl entered the classrm.
a 【解析】句意:那时,一个女孩走进了教室。本题考查不定冠词。并没有说是哪个女孩,为泛指,且girl以辅音音素开头,故填a。
9.(2020青岛市北一模,42)But why were thse clrs chsen fr traffic lights in first place?
the 【解析】本题考查定冠词。in the first place为固定搭配,意为“起初,一开始”。
高中知识衔接
高中阶段，对于冠词的考查主要体现在特殊性、具体语境方面。因此仅仅掌握初中阶段的规律知识是不够的，还需要继续强化相关知识点，学会在具体语境下掌握冠词的用法。
知识一：不定冠词的特殊用法
1.用来说明事物的同一性质、特征、程度或大小，相当于the same.表示“相同”的意思。如：
They are nearly f an age.他们差不多同年。
The tw shirts are much f a size.这两件衬衫大小差不多。
2.用在表示时间或度量单位的名词前，具有“每一”的意思。如：
The train is running sixty miles an hur.火车正以每小时60英里的速度行驶。
He earns2000 yuan a mnth.他一个月挣2000元。
3.人名前用a或an,表示说话者对此人不认识，相当于a certain,也可以指与某名人有类似性质的人或事物。如：
Our music teacher is a Miss White.我们的音乐老师是一位姓怀特的小姐。
He wishes t becme a Newtn.他希望成为像牛顿那样的人。
4.放在序数词前译成“又，又一，再一”。如：
Why nt try a secnd time?为什么不再试一试呢？
5.放在mst+adj.前译成“很，非常”。如：
He is a mst capable yung man.他是个很有才干的年轻人。
That is a mst useful bk.那是一本非常有用的书。
6.用于两件通常配在一起的东西或两个词同指一物或一人前，但指两件物品或两个人时，两个词分别用a。如：
a red and black skirt一条红黑相间的裙子（一条）a red and a black skirt一条红裙和一条黑裙（两条）7.用于某些固定搭配中。如：
all f a sudden突然an hur r tw一两个小时a lng time很长时间
a few有几个a little有一点as a rule通常
as a result结果，因此as a matter f fact事实上
It's a pity that.….令人遗憾的是……have a lk看一眼have a walk散步
keep an eye fr对……有鉴赏力make a living谋生make a fl f愚弄
经典例题
1.-Have yu seen my ntebk?I can't find it.
-I saw blue ne n the teacher's desk.Is it yurs?
A.theB.aC./D.an
【分析】考查冠词。句意：—你看见我的笔记本了吗？我没有找到它。一在老师的书桌上我看见一个蓝色的。它是你的吗？此处表示“一个”，因为blue是辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。
【解答】答案为B。
【归纳】辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a;元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。
2.He has failed times,but he wn't give up a chance.
A.third;fur B.three:furth C.third:furthD.three;fur
【分析】考查数词冠词。句意：他已经失败次了，但是他不会放弃第次机会。第一空后面是名词复数用基数词three.不定冠词a+序数词表示“又一；再一”。故选B。
【解答】答案为B。
【归纳】定冠词the+序数词表顺序；不定冠词a+序数词表示“又一；再一”之意。
知识二：定冠词的用法
1.在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中要用the,而不用人称代词。如：
take sb.by the arm抓住某人的手臂hit sb.in the face打某人的脸
2.用在形容词和副词的最高级前，但副词的最高级常省略the;形容词最高级作表语时，如果不与其他人或物相比，往往也不用the。如：
Winter is the cldest seasn f the year.冬天是一年中最冷的季节。
Wh sings(the)best in yur class?你们班谁唱得最好？
3.用在姓氏复数形式前，表示一家人。如：
The Greens are at table.格林一家正在吃饭。
The Chens will mve t Nanjing.陈家要搬到南京去。
4.by the+单位名词作“按……讲”。如：
by the hur按小时计算by the day(mnth)按日（月）by the yard(ft)按码（尺）
5.用于世纪前或者逢十的复数数词前表示某个年代。如：
in the2020s 21世纪20年代in the thirties30年代
6.用在某些习惯用语中。如：
fr the present暂时n the right/left在右/左边in the east在东边
in the mrning/afternn/evening在上午/下午/晚上in the daytime在白天
in the dark在黑暗中，不知道in the way挡道，碍事
in the end最后n the whle总体上
ut f the questin不可能的
经典例题
The mst imprtant thing abut cttn in histry is part that it played in Industrial Revlutin.
A./;/B.the;/C.the;theD.a;the
【分析】part是先行词被定语从句修饰，是特指；后一空是由普通名词构成的专有名词，特指18世纪后半叶英国工业革命，故两空都选定冠词。句意为：在历史上，棉花最重要的事情就是它在工业革命中所发挥的作用。
【解答】答案为C。
【归纳】到了高中阶段，把握具体语境、分析句子结构，是做所有题最基本的方法。例如，在本题中，能分析清楚part后面的定语从句就可以断定它前面必须有定冠词。
【引申】一Have yu seen cartn film Ztpia?
—Of curse.,It's mst interesting film I've ever seen.
A.a;theB.the;aC.a;aD.the;the
【解答】考查冠词用法。句意：—你看过《疯狂动物城》这部卡通电影吗？—当然(看过)。它是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。“《疯狂动物城》这部卡通电影”表示特指，应该用定冠词the;mst interesting是形容词的最高级，前面也应该用定冠词he。故选D。
知识三：不使用冠词的场合
1.专有名词（人名、地名、国名、节日、月份、星期几、季节）前，一般不用冠词。物质名词或抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如：
Wisdm is better than strength.智慧胜于力量。
Bld is thicker than water.血浓于水。
2.表示学科、疾病、球类、游戏、颜色和感官名词前，不用冠词。如：
Ecnmics is different frm plitics.经济学不同于政治学。
D yu play chess(bridge/cards)?你下棋（玩桥牌/打牌）吗？
White is a beautiful clr.白色是美丽的颜色。
Smell is ne f the five senses.嗅觉是5种感官之一。
注：有些表示疾病的名词需加冠词a或an。如：fever,headache,cugh,cut,wund,pain等。如：have a fever发烧
3.表示餐名。如：breakfast,launch,supper,dinner的名词前，不用冠词。如：
Dinner is ready.饭已经准备好了。
She is at lunch.她在吃午饭。
注：如果具体指某顿饭时要用the,表示类别时要用a。如：
The breakfast I rdered still hasn't arrived.我要的早餐还没送来。
That was a very nice(gd/hearty)supper.那是一顿非常好的（丰盛的）晚餐。
4.表示职务、身份、头衔的名词前不加冠词。如：
We elected him manager f ur cmpany.我们选他为公司的经理。
He was elected president f that cuntry last year.去年他当选为那个国家的总统。
Mther used t d sme cleaning fr that family.母亲以前为那家人做清洁。
5.by与表交通工具的名词连用时，此时的名词前面不加冠词。如：
by plane(air)坐飞机by train乘火车
6.在普通名词/形容词最高级+as/thugh的让步状语从句中，普通名词/形容词最高级前不加冠词。如：
Child as he is,he knws a great deal.他虽然是个孩子，却懂很多事情。
Hard task as he tk,he managed t finish it n time.任务虽然艰巨，他还是准时完成了。
7.以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时，不用冠词。如：
day and night日夜pen and ink笔墨husband and wife夫妻
father and sn父子sun and mn日月master and servant主仆
点拨
某些介词连接相同或相对的名词时也不用冠词，此外，一些固定词组中不加冠词。如：
step by step逐渐face t face面对面hand in hand手牵手
side by side肩并肩frm tp t bttm从上至下frm mrning till night从早到晚
易错点
冠词有无的区别
a knife and frk一套刀叉a knife and a frk一把刀子和一把叉子
at table在进餐时at the table坐在桌旁
at a cst f以……为价格at the cst f以……为代价
by hand手工做的by the hand挽着手
by day在白天by the day按天计算
by sea乘船by the sea在海滨
fr a mment一会儿，片刻fr the mment暂时，目前
经典例题
1.On news tday,there were reprts f heavy snw in that area.
A.the;theB.the;/C./;/D./;the
【分析】因news后有tday修饰，特指“今天的新闻”，故用the;第二空泛指某方面的报道，并非特指，reprts为复数，故其前不用冠词。
【解答】答案为B。
【归纳】做此类题，需要熟悉冠词的用法，只要结合具体的语境，就可以做出正确的解答。
2.When he left cllege,he gt a jb as reprter in a newspaper ffice.
A./;aB./;theC.a;theD.the;the
【分析】leave cllege/'schl是“毕业”的意思；reprter表示泛指某种身份，前面加不定冠词。
【解答】答案为A。
【归纳】leave cllege/schl是“毕业”的意思，如果名词前有了冠词the,就成了“离开学校”的意思。因此，需要掌握冠词有无时的区别。
思考总结
我们综合历年高考试题的命题角度和思路，发现对冠词的考查主要体现在语法填空和语法改错中，常考查以下三个方面：
1.不定冠词表示泛指，尤其是元音音素开头的可数名词前填写an;抽象名词具体化使用a。
2.定冠词表示特指，尤其是上文提到的某人或某物，下文再次出现时，使用the。
3.零冠词的误用。如三餐前不使用冠词，西洋乐器前使用定冠词等。
随堂练习
一
题组一 冠词的基本用法
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Als knwn as the Snw Dragn, the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail frm Shanghai n Nv. 2 last year, beginning cuntry’s 35th Antarctic expeditin.
【答案】the
2.It’s nt all that hard t build an advanced and large vcabulary. Like many things in life,it’s nging prcess.
【答案】an
3.Chaplin liked idea f wrking in the film industry because it wuld mean a new life.
【答案】the
4.Three became plitical leaders;three became dctrs;the mst famus graduate became university teacher and was respnsible fr the intrductin f mdern teaching methds in his cuntry.
【答案】 a
Ⅱ.单句改错
5.I’m lucky enugh t make friends with s nice persn.
【答案】persn前加a
6.What a impressive experience!
【答案】a→an
题组二 冠词的习惯用法
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The sund f the car died away in distance.
【答案】the
2.Eating chclate nce in while makes it easier fr yu t resist eating it all the time.
【答案】a
3.Beavers build themselves curius huts t live in, and quite frequently great number f these huts are placed clse tgether.
【答案】a
4.All f sudden, a student rushed in and pushed her aside.
【答案】a
Ⅱ.单句改错
5.Sme f the scenery in this area ranks amng best in the cuntry.
【答案】best前加the
6.T tell a truth, my spken English used t be a big headache fr me.
【答案】第一个a→the
7.Lastly, yu shuld remember t take sme fd fr the lunch because we’ll stay there and chat with them at nn.
【答案】删除the
二
1.(2016浙江,2) prize fr the winner f the cmpetitin is tw-week hliday in Paris.
【答案】The; a
2.(2015浙江,2)Jane’s grandmther had wanted t write a children’s bk fr many years,but ne thing r anther always gt in way.
【答案】the
3.(2015重庆,3)I just heard bank where Dra wrks was rbbed by gunman wearing a mask.
【答案】the;a
4.(2015四川,5)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely t be Beethven.
【答案】a
三
1.(2020届河南许昌高级中学月考一,50)The villager learned a valuable lessn that many thers wuld never understand: Every bstacle presents pprtunity t imprve ne’s cnditin.
【答案】an
2.(2020届黑龙江大庆铁人中学开学考试,62)Every year, butterfly(蝴蝶) lvers in Califrnia g ut in Nvember t cunt mnarch butterflies. They gt a wrrying result frm their fall mnarch cunt in 2018— number f mnarchs had drpped by 86% since 2017.
【答案】 the
3.(2020届江西临川二中月考一,61)Gerrard Street, which is between Leicester Square and Shaftesbury Avenue, is the mst imprtant street in the area. There is unique cmmunity with many Chinese restaurants, supermarkets and shps.
【答案】a
4.(2020届江西南昌开学摸底,70)S the key t using a happy smile t make yu better runner may be t smile sincerely and ften near a race’s end, but in 30-secnd bursts, rather than cnstantly.
【答案】a
5.(2020届云南昆明一中一次摸底,61)The Ecnmist is English-language weekly news and internatinal affairs publicatin wned by The Ecnmist Newspaper Ltd.
【答案】an
6.(2019湖南浏阳六校联考,69)The wedding ceremny is usually hsted warmly and the wedding ceremny very ften ends with unique banquet.
【答案】a
7.(2019吉林省吉林市调研一,64)But naps can actually be duble-edged swrd because while we’re awake during the day, we’re building up sleepiness r sleep pressure.
【答案】a
8.(2019湖北鄂东南教育教学改革联盟期中考试, 61)Prduced by China Central Televisin (CCTV) and the Ministry f Educatin(MOE),“First Class fr New Semester” has becme mandatry viewing activity fr parents and students n the first day f the fall semester.
【答案】a
9.(2018江西红色七校一联,70) splendid Hangzhu is waiting t see yu in 2022.
【答案】A
10.(2018河北唐山五校月考,64)As the saying ges,“All wrk and n play makes Jack dull by.”
【答案】a
三
1.(2020届安徽“江淮十校”联考一)My mther has brught me several bag f beef jerky.
【答案】bag→bags
2.(2020届福建永安一中、漳平一中联考一)I’d appreciate yu if yu culd take my applicatin int cnsideratin.
【答案】第一个yu→it
3.(2020届甘肃天水一中月考一)It can be a great fun and I bet there will be a lt f cmmunicatin ging n amng students.
【答案】删除great前的a
4.(2020届贵州贵阳8月摸底)Every autumn we have a reading festival where drama perfrmances are shwn and distinguished writer are invited.
【答案】writer→writers
5.(2020届河南顶级名校期初摸底)I was glad that when I spke a little English in Britain, all thse wh cmmunicated with yu were able t understand me.
【答案】yu→me
6.(2020届山西太原五中9月阶段性考试)15% f them think it can help sme students stp fcusing n shwing ff his clthes.
【答案】his→their
7.(2020届河南许昌高中月考一)At first we made an prmise that as grwn-ups we shuld have a sense f duty fr ur sciety frm nw n.
【答案】an→a
8.(2019福建泉港一中、南安国光中学期中联考)Undubtedly, he’s ne f the mst ppular teacher in ur schl.
【答案】teacher→teachers
9.(2019湖北孝感一中、应城一中等五校期中联考)Once yu have fund such true friends, d treasure him.
【答案】him→them
10.(2019湖北宜昌示范性高中协作体期中)Encuraged by her,I vercame my fear and finally made successful attempt.
【答案】successful前加a
11.(2019福建长汀一中等六校联考)On the ne hand, smart phnes can distract students’ attentins.
【答案】attentins→attentin
12.(2019安徽皖南八校联考一)I wuld never ask much frm my parents because I knew it was nt easy fr him t make a living.
【答案】him→them
13.(2018河南豫南九校联考二)At same time, I will ask my friends and parents t help me.
【答案】At后加the
14.(2018四川双流中学月考)As yu travel, yu will see beautiful sceneries and yu can meet and make friends with peple f different clrs and races.
【答案】sceneries→scenery
15.(2018吉林百校联盟联考)I managed t calm them dwn and said we shuld all put us in thers’ shes.
【答案】us→urselves
16.(2018湖南永州一模)They take the attitude that large crwds f turist t the z will give rise t traffic jams.
【答案】turist→turists