初三暑假英语预习讲义 第03讲 非谓语动词 （学生版）

这是一份初三暑假英语预习讲义 第03讲 非谓语动词 （学生版），共13页。学案主要包含了不定式，不定式与动名词做宾语，不定式与动名词做主语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1、定义：
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词，过去分词只有一种形式）。
★非谓语动词的否定式都是在其前直接加nt。
2、非谓语动词的各种时态形式：
单谓语或动词短语：
He wrks.
He takes care f the baby.
情态动词/ 助动词+ v.：
He will g t Shanghai.
He didn’t g t Shanghai.
He has gne t Shanghai.
系动词+表语：
Yu are students.
Yu lk smart.
3、非谓语动词使用的条件：
一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（即有谓语动词）, 又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。如：
She had water delivered t her huse.
We nticed him enter the building.
4、非谓语动词的形式：
1）t d 不定式
2）V-ing：
①作为一个名词使用，称为动名词；
②作为一个形容词或副词使用，称为现在分词；
V-ed 过去分词
一、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语
1.不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论性状语。
(1)不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。如:
She was surprised t see Jim walk in.看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。
(2)不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性在不定式前可以加上in rder s as。如:
T succeed, ne must first f all believe in himself·
In rder t keep warm we shut all the windws.
(3)不定式表结果，常用在t…t; enugh….t结构中。有时不定式前加上nly，表示出人意料的结果。如:
The child is ld enugh t dress himself.
We hurried t the statin nly t be tld that the train had left.
The husband left his wife never t return.
(4)有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。如:
I have never seen such a persn,t tell yu the truth
T cut a lng stry shrt we disagree.长话短说，我们不同意。
2现做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方式、目的以及作评论性状语等。
(1)现在分词的一般式作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。现在分词的完成式作时间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。如:
Hearing the news, they all jumped fr jy.
Having finished his speech, he answered ur questins.
(2)作原因状语。如:
Living far frm the schl, I have t get up early in the mrning.
(3)作结果状语，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果。如:
The fire lasted a whle night causing great damage.
(4)作伴随或方式状语，表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一动作。如.
Fllwing Tm, we started t climb.
She came riding a brand-new bike.
现在分词作目的状语往往具有伴随性，多放于句尾，且与主句间用逗号隔开。如:
Jane kept silent trying nt t shw her feelings.
(6)作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有:
Generally speaking一般说来strictly speaking严格说来
rughly speaking 大致说来narrwly speaking狭义上说
judging frm/by由.判断
Judging frm her accent she must cme frm Australia.
3.过去分词在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等状语。
(1)过去分词作时间状语可置于句首，也可以置于句尾，有时还可以置于主语和谓语之间。如:
Asked abut his address, the by didn’t respnd.
Seen frm the hill the city lks magnificent.
(2)作原因状语，常置于句首。如:
Infected with the H1N1the little by was separated frm the ther children
(3)作条件状语。如:
United, we stand; divided, we fall合则立，分则败。
(4)作伴随或方式状语。如:
The pp star hurried up t her car,fllwed by her fans.
二、不定式与动名词做宾语:
1.下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语:
want,wish hpe，expect，ask，affrd, agree,chse, pretend,decide,happen,learn
ffer,refuse，fail，plan，prepare,rder,manage,prmise,intend等。如:
He agreed t get smene t help us.
They prmised nt t break the schl rules again
有以下口诀和顺口溜供参考使用:
决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事,
迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事
想要干: want，wish，hpe，expect，seek，attempt，aim，desire, swear,claim,wuld like/lve
早打算: plan，intend，prepare，mean，arrange
同意否: agree，prmise，undertake，ffer，chse，refuse，affrd
问问看:ask(asktd要求做)，beg
决定了:decide，determine，be determined,make up ne’s mind
尽力干:try，manage(反义词fail)，attempt，struggle，strive
不愿等:beunwilling，(cant)wait
别装蒜:pretend
*说明:口诀内的动词后跟不定式，几乎都有将来意味。
2在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语:
admit, advise,allw, avid,bear,cannt help,cnsider,delay,enjy,finish ,give up, imagine
include, keep, keep n,mind,miss,put ff,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand ,insist n, be busy, be wrth,feel like,can’t stand, be/get/becme used t,be equal t,devte…t,get dwn t,lk frward t,bject t, stick t. take t, see t,lead t,pay attentin t等。
考虑建议盼望原谅cnsider，suggest/advise，lk frward t，excuse/pardn
承认推迟去设想admit，delay/put ff/pstpne,fancy
避免错过继续练avid，miss，keep/keep n，practice
否认完成去欣赏deny，finish，appreciate
禁止想象去冒险frbid，imagine，risk
不禁介意准逃亡can’t help，mind，allw/permit，escape
难以忍受始反对can’t stand，set abut，bject t
想要成功坚持忙 feel like，succeed in，stick t/insist n，be busy/ccupied(in)..
习惯放弃有困难 be used/accustmed t，give up,have difficulty /truble (in)...
导致专心防道歉lead t，be devted t，prevent/stp/keep…frm,aplgize(t sb.) fr...喜欢花费忍不住enjy，spend(time/mney)…can’t help
介词+ding:
be gd/expert at ding sth 擅长做某事be interested in ding sth.对做某事感兴趣
insist n ding sth.坚持做某事thank sb. fr ding sth. 谢谢某人做某事
be tired f ding sth.厌烦做某事be afraid f ding sth.害怕做某事
put ff ding sth.推迟做某事 stp sb.frm ding sth 阻止某人做某事
give up ding sth.放弃做某事withut ding sth.没有做某事
think abut ding sth.考虑做某事What/Hw abut ding 做某事怎么样?
lk frward t ding sth(盼望)pay attentin t ding sth.(注意)
be used t ding sth.(习惯于)prefer ding sth t ding sth (更喜欢)
devte neself t ding sth(致力于)make a cntributin t ding sth(做贡献)
注意:既可以接t d 也可以接ding 但区别很大的情况:
口诀:
一记remember二忘frget三遗憾regret 四试try
五图 mean 六停止stp，还有can’thelp 和g n
remember/ frget(t d) 要做(ding)做过
stp, g n(t d)两件事(ding)一件事
try t d尽力做try ding 尝试做
like/hate/lve t d一次性like/hate/lve ding长期
Mean td 打算做什么，企图做什么mean ding 意味着
can't help t d不能帮忙做什么can' thelp ding 情不自禁做什么
如:
They stp t smke. 他们停下来吸烟。
I must stp smking.我必须戒烟了。
Althugh maths is difficult，I will try t study it.(try t d sth尽力做某事)
The machine culdn’t wrk.Let’s try repairing it.(try ding sth.试着做某事)
三、不定式与动名词做主语:
(1)动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为;不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。如:
·Climbing muntains is great fun·T visit China is my next gal
(2)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。如
·It tk me nly five minutes t finish the jb
动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。常见于以下句型中:
It's use/ gd /fun ding.….
It's useful/nice/ useless ding.….
四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语
1表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名词可以互换。如:
My hbby is cllecting/t cllect ancient cins.
2若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。如:
My wish is t find a part-time jb this summer.
3现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征，也可以作为形容词。
但要注意二者的区别:现在分词表主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情。如:
The party was very exciting.
They were very excited at the news.
五、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语
1不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的动作或将要发生的某一动作。如:·
The train t arrive is frm Lndn.
He is always the first t cme and the last t leave.
2.名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。如:
a washing machine(动名词做定语，=a machine which is used fr washing)洗衣机·
a reading rm(动名词做定语，=a rm which is used fr reading)阅览室
3.现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义。单个分词或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面;分词短语作定
语多置于被修饰词的后面。如:
the rising sun(现在分词做定语，=the sun which is rising)正在升起的太阳
the changing wrld(现在分词做定语，=the wrld which is changing)变化中的世界
a mving mvie 感人的电影excited vice激动的声音(形容词性分词作定语)
A brken cup一个破了的杯子(过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成)
六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做补足语
1接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀:
请求命令与禁止;想要邀请期待鼓励与建议;
答应告诫允许提醒和帮助;打算教导说服与强迫驱使。
ask/beg sb.t d sth.请求某人做某事rder/cmmand sb t d sth.命令某人做某事
frbid sb.t d sth.禁止某人做某事want sb.t d sth. 想要某人做某事
invite sb.t d sth邀请某人做某事expect sb t d sth. 期待某人做某
encurage sb.t d sth.鼓励某人做某事advise sb t d sth.建议某人做某事
prmise sb.t d sth 答应某人做某事warn sb t d sth告诫某人做某事
allw/permit sb.t d sth允许某人做某事remind sb t d sth提醒某人做某事
help sb.(t) d sth. 帮助某人做某事mean/intend sb t d sth打算让某人做某事
teach/train sb t sth教/训练某人做某事persuade sb. t d sth说服某人去做某事
frce sb.t d sth.强迫某人做某事drive sb t d sth.驱使某人做某事
2动和使役动词，如see，watch, hear,feel,ntice,bserve,lk at,listen t，let，have，make，keep，get等后常跟不带t的不定式做宾语补足语，常表动作的整个过程。(被动语态中不能省去 t)。如:
We nticed him enter the huse.
The bss made them wrk twelve hurs a day省略t的情况:
①使役动词和感官动词后:一感二听三让四看
feel/hear,listen t/let，make，have/lk at，see，watch,ntice
had better(nt) d sth.最好(不)做……
Why nt/Why dn't yu d sth.为什么不做……? help sb.(t) d sth.
wuld rather d sth.宁愿做…… wuld yu please d sth.
②情态动词/ 助动词+d
3.现在分词做补足语分两种情况:
(1)形容词性质的现在分词作补足语。如:
I find the bk very interesting我发现这本书非常有趣。(宾语补足语)
The by is fund very annying.发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌。(主语补足语)
(2)动词性质的现在分词作补足语:感官动词和使役动词，如see，watch，hear，feel, ntice,bserve,lk at,listen t,let，have make，keep，get等后可以跟表示动作性质的现在分词作补足语，表示“正在或持续做某事”。如:
I see him passing by a bank 我看见他正经过一家银行。(宾语补足语)
He was seen wrking in the garden有人看见他正在花园里干活。(主语补足语)
(3)感官动词 see,watch,lk at ntice,hear listen t,feel+d表示动作的完整性;+ding表示动作的进行性。
4.过去分词(dne)做宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质或状态，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语。
(1)若是及物动词的过去分词，既表示被动，也可以表示动作已经完成(即先于谓语
动词)。
(2)若是不及物动词的过去分词，则只表示完成。
(3)句子由主动变被动时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。
The bss fund his plan carried ut successfully.
The by was fund lst in the frest.
Have yu heard this sng sung in Japanese?(宾补)
This sng is ften heard sung everywhere in China.(主补)
考点一：非谓语动词作状语
1．Many e-cmmerce platfrms play a great rle in prmting emplyment, ________services frm stck supprt t interest-free lans
A．fferingB．t fferC．fferedD．having ffered
2．Have yu ever waited fr yur bus fr a very lng time, _____ by tw r mre buses arriving tgether?
A．nly t greetB．nly greetedC．nly t be greetedD．nly greeting
3．________ (real) that they had lagged behind, Tm and Harry started t quicken their pace.（所给词的正确形式填空）
4．She wished that he was as easy ______ (please) as her mther, wh was always delighted with perfume．（所给词的正确形式填空）
考点二：非谓语动词作宾语
1．The girl devted all her spare time she had ______ thers.
A．t helpB．helpedC．t helpingD．help
2．The salesgirl pretended nt t hear me and went n _______(闲谈) with a lady in blue．（根据汉语意思填空）
考点三：非谓语动词作定语
1．If the prject______befre the end f this mnth is delayed,the cnstructin cmpany will be made fully respnsible fr the financial lsses.
A．being cmpletedB．cmpletedC．t be cmpletedD．cmpleting
2．Guizhu Prvince, _____ by Lnely Planet amng the tp 10 regins t visit in 2020, has becme a prmising travel destinatin.
A．rankedB．being rankedC．having rankedD．t be ranked
3．The silver mn was high verhead, and there was a gentle breeze dwn the valley.
A．playingB．t playC．playedD．having played
考点四：非谓语动词作宾补
Eager readers can check with libraries ______________ if they have peple interested in bk discussin.
A．seeingB．seeC．t seeD．t have seen
2．We hurriedly ended ur meeting, leaving many prblems ______.
A．t be settledB．t settleC．settledD．having settled
3．With a large amunt f wrk _________fr this fierce speech cntest, the students have been staying up these days t make full preparatins fr it.
A．remaining t be finishedB．remained finished
C．remained being dneD．remaining t finish
考点五：非谓语动词作主语和表语
1. _________ alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling
C. Having traveled D. Traveled
2. _____________ basic first-aid techniques will help yu respnd quickly t emergencies.
A．KnwnB．Having knwn
C．KnwingD．Being knwn
1（2022新高考I卷）__________ (cver)an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
2（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
3（2022新高考II卷）When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (阳台), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1. 2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the __________ (fall) child.
4（2022新高考II卷）He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up ________ (see) them.
5（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.
6（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin ___________ (hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.
7（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilmeters frm Xi’an t Kashgar n Sept. 20, __________ (plan) t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths.
8（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts.
基础过关检测一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．At the well-knwn research center, they have a number f labratries with each rm______ (equip) with cmputers.
2．Can yu shw me any wrd ______ (begin) with the letter “L”?
3．Mst clleges nw ffer first-year students a curse specially ______ (design) t help them succeed academically.
4．The thief had himself __________ (spt) by the plice when he was trying t break int the htel.
5．D yu knw the girl ___________ (dress) in a red sweater?
6．Where d yu intend ________（g) this winter?
7．The ld teacher was _________ (钦佩) fr his devtin t his educatin cause.
8．Befre ________ (sign) up fr nline classes, take a few minutes t interview the schl f yur chice.
9．I can smell smething_____ (burn) in the kitchen.
10．We can hear the children_____ (laugh) in the rm at present.
11．That little by is meant ________(be) a dctr in the future.
12．The fashin wrld just keeps _____(recycle) ld ideas.
13．T becme an astrnaut in China,yu have t have 1,350 hurs f_____ (fly) experience.
14．He is used t_____(take) cld baths in winter.
15．She aplgised t me and admitted_____ (take) my umbrella by mistake.
16．The famus expert adapted his speech________ (suit) the interests f his audience.
17．China’s image is imprving steadily, with mre cuntries________ (recgnise) its rle in internatinal affairs. 18．Peple use plastic in their daily life, __________ (leave) large amunts f waste.
19．__________（wrk） hard at yur lessns, yu are t succeed.
20．Mther has the little girl__________（play） the pian this afternn．
21．They see a man__________ (cme), __________(hld) a bird cage.
22．Isn’t it time that yu get dwn t _______(d) yur hmewrk?
23．Can yu imagine her________(ck) the dinner？
Always remember t get every bit f criticism ________ (sandwich) between tw thick layers f praise.
25．Nt ________ (understand) the lcal language and having n friend in the cuntry, he fund it impssible t find a jb.
________ (set) ur life gals will guide us t a bright future, withut which we may waste ur lifetime.
27．The latest research ________ (undertake) shws that micr blg is the mst ppular scial netwrking tl amng Chinese netizens.
28．Dn’t let the sadness f yur past and the fear f yur future ________( ruin) the happiness f yur present. 29．D yu have any difficulty________(express) yurself in English?
30．The huse________(build)there nw will be a shp.
31．He spent sme time________（squeeze）the wet cat dry.
32．I will attempt_________（answer）all yur questins.
33．With everything ________(arrange)fr his family, he went t the frnt t prepare fr setting up a man-made satellite.
34．The district launched a campaign t find ways________(deal)with cnstructin dust.
Dead trees came crashing dwn withut warning—ne nearly gt us, which made us________（jump）.
36．When d yu expect________（leave）?
37．________(see) a large cake flying thrugh the air, the driver pulled up quickly.
38．________（bite）by the ld man's dg, he is afraid t apprach his huse.
39．Time, ________(use)crrectly, is mney in the bank.
40．________(see)frm the tp f the hill, the schl lks like a big garden.
高考必考题型练习
一、阅读理解(共0分
A
（湖南省长沙市第一中学2021-2022学年高一上学期入学考试）Angel Sanguin, an electrnics technician frm Caracas, Venezuela, wh last year lst his left arm in a mtrcycle accident, has recently wn a prize fr science, technlgy and innvatin, after he managed t build a rbtic arm that wuld allw him t perfrm a series f useful tasks.
33-year-ld Angel Sanguin was riding his mtrcycle when he was hit by a speeding car. He was taken t the emergency rm, and the dctr had t amputate(截肢)his left arm. It was a devastating blw t the talented electrnics technician. The dctr tld him that he shuld accept his disability and mve n with his life, but he had ther plans. Three mnths after his accident, the yung man used his experience t design an artificial arm that wuld allw him t repair electrnic cmpnents just like befre.
With the help f his uncle, Brunel Rdriguez, Angel managed t create an ingenius rbtic arm fitted with a series f switches and sensrs that allwed him t cntrl it with the mtin f his cllarbne(锁骨). Angel used his knwledge f electrnics t make sure that the artificial arm wuld allw him t d his jb withut any kind f assistance frm anybdy else. He paid little attentin t aesthetics(美学), fcusing slely n functinality, but he has already had a new prsthesis(假体)that is apparently much mre visually appealing.
1．Angel Sanguin was given a prize because________.
A．he had a rbtic arm
B．he lst ne f his arms in an accident
C．he was very clever and brave
D．he made a man-made arm that culd allw him t d things by himself
2．What d yu think the Chinese meaning f the underlined wrd in the secnd paragraph is?
A．攻击B．打击性的C．令人惊讶的事D．新闻
3．Angel Sanguin cntrls his artificial arm by mving________.
A．his neckB．his headC．his cllarbneD．the ther hand
4．Frm the passage we can infer(推知)that________.
A．Angel’s new arm may nt lk nice
B．Angel culd d everything with his new arm
C．Angel was speeding his car when the accident happened
D．Angel was in hspital fr 3 mnths
5．What is the best title fr this passage?
A．A Brave Venezuelan Man
B．A Great Venezuelan Inventr
C．A Talented Electrnics Technician
D．Venezuelan Man Builds His Own Prsthetic Arm
B
（安徽六校教育研究会2022-2023学年高一上学期入学考试）Climate change is a glbal challenge. One way t fight it is by reducing the amunt f carbn dixide in the air. New research shws that trees planted in China have helped in this fight.
A recent study in the jurnal Nature shws that the amunt f carbn dixide absrbed (吸收) by new frests in tw parts f China is mre than we thught. These areas are in the nrtheastern Heilngjiang and Jilin prvinces and the suthwestern Yunnan and Guizhu prvinces and Guangxi Zhuang autnmus regin. They make up abut 35 percent f China’s land-based (基于陆地的) carbn sinks (碳汇). A carbn sink is a natural area like a frest r cean that absrbs mre-carbn dixide than it emits (排放). Carbn sinks help t reduce the amunt f CO2 in the atmsphere.
China’s gal is t peak (达到峰值) its CO2 emissins (排放) befre 2030 and reach carbn neutrality (中和) by 2060, Xinhua reprted. Carbn neutrality refers t remving as much CO2 as ne puts int the air.
Accrding t study c-authr Yi Liu at the Chinese Academy f Sciences, “the affrestatin activities described in ur Nature paper will play a rle in reaching that gal.”
6．A recent study in Nature shws that ________.
A．China has serius air pllutinB．China has planted the mst trees in the wrld
C．China has fewer CO2 emissins nwD．China has planted fewer trees
7．Accrding t Xinhua, China ________.
A．is the wrld’s largest emitter f CO2B．will bring CO2 emissins dwn after 2030
C．will nt release CO2 in the futureD．will reach carbn neutrality by 2030
8．Which f the fllwing is NOT TRUE in the passage?
A．One way t fight climate is by reducing the amunt f carbn dixide in the air.
B．Trees planted in China have helped fight against climate change.
C．New frests in tw parts f China absrbed mre carbn dixide than we thught.
D．35 percent f China’s land has been affected by CO2 emissin.
9．What d we knw frm the stry?
A．It takes a lng time fr carbn sinks t frm.B．Climate change is n lnger a serius prblem.
C．Mre trees will be planted in China in the future.D．China has beaten climate change.
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（广东省深圳市福田外国语高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期入学考试）Last summer, my friend decided t vlunteer as an English teacher in a primary schl. I didn’t want t g at first 1 he kept talking me int jining it. Finally, I agreed.
Unexpectedly, the mment I 2 (step) int the ld classrm, I was tuched by the lud, respectful vices. “Gd mrning, teacher!” Instead f fling arund, the children were thirsty fr knwledge. This made 3 (I) regret that I hadn’t prepared fr the class. During the break, I talked with a sweaty by in the frnt rw. Withut air-cnditining, the by didn’t feel uncmfrtable at all, because he thught his 4 (father) jb, building rads in the sun, was really 5 (tire).
As time went by, I prepared my lessn carefully and rganized many activities t give the kids fun. 6 (strange), the heat was als becming less unbearable. Sn, my ne-mnth vlunteer came t 7 end. When I was leaving, I turned back and saw smiling faces and waving hands. I had never had such a feeling f sadness befre, which was mixed with a sense f enrichment and happiness. I was fully paid 8 my wrk, nt in terms f mney, but smething mre valuable.
I hear that my university plans 9 (run) anther vluntary teaching prgramme this summer. This time I wn’t 10 (frce). I will vlunteer.
目标 1
认识动词不定式的意义和句法功能。
目标 2
认识分词的意义和句法功能。
目标 3
认识动名词的意义和句法功能。