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    初三暑假英语预习讲义 第04讲 定语从句 (教师版 )

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    初三暑假英语预习讲义 第04讲 定语从句 (教师版 )

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    这是一份初三暑假英语预习讲义 第04讲 定语从句 (教师版 ),共17页。

    基本概念和连接词
    1. 基本概念:在英语中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如:
    The girl wh is behind the tree is Kate.
    The man wh was driving t fast was drunk.
    2. 连接词:
    关系代词:that,which,wh,whm,whse,as;
    关系副词:when,where,why.
    定语从句类型:
    限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句
    不同点:
    1. 形式上:有无逗号。限制性定语从句无逗号,非限制性定语从句有逗号。
    2. 意义上:限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,非限制性定语从句起补充说明的作用。
    The gvernment which prmises t cut taxes will be ppular.
    (限制性关系从句,指任何一个减税的政府)
    The gvernment, which prmises t cut taxes, will be ppular.
    (非限制性关系从句,补充说明(现任的)政府的情况)
    关系代词的用法
    1. 关系代词语法功能
    (1)代替先行词
    (2)它在定语从句中担任一定的成分;
    (3)同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。如:
    The building which/that stands by the river is ur schl.
    在本句话中,which/that是关系代词,它在从句中代替先行词the building,同时担任从句中的主语,也起连词的作用,把两个简单句连接起来。
    2. 关系代词
    (1)wh指代人,在从句中作主语或宾语(在从句中作宾语时,可省略)
    The man( wh) I talked with is ur teacher.
    A persn wh steals things is called a thief.
    (2)whm指代人,在从句中作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
    The man (whm/wh) I talked t is Mr. Li.
    The man t whm I talked is Mr. Li.
    (3)whse 是代词的所有格形式,它既可以指代人也可以指代物,在从句中作定语。
    I saw a wman. Her bag was stlen.(整合成一句话)
    →I saw a wman whse bag was stlen.
    Please shw me the bk. Its cver is red.(整合成一句话)
    →Please shw me the bk whse cver is red.
    (4)which指代物,在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
    These are the trees which were planted last year.
    The TV set (which) he bught yesterday is made in Japan.
    Is this the library (which) yu brrw bks frm?
    Is this the library frm which yu brrw bks?
    (5)that多指代物,有时也指代人,在从句中作主语或宾语
    I’ve read the newspaper that(which)carries the imprtant news.
    Wh is the persn that is reading the newspaper ver there?
    (6)as作为关系代词的用法
    as引导限制性定语从句,常与such, same等连用:
    ①such…as…像……那样的
    I am just such a little girl as yu are.
    ②the same …as…和……一样的
    She bught the same bike as yu did.
    *说明:as引导非限制性定语从句,可置句首、句中、句尾,如:
    As yu knw,ur band is very ppular.
    3. 介词+关系代词
    介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which指代物,用whm指代人。
    This is the her (wh) we are prud f.
    =This is the her f whm we are prud .
    The rm (that/ which) I live in is very big.
    =The rm in which I live is very big.
    4. 只用that, 不用which的情况
    (1)从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时;
    This is the mst interesting stry(that) I have ever heard.
    The first meeting(that) we will take part in will be held in the afternn.
    (2)先行词是smething,nthing,anything等不定代词时;
    Here is smething( that) I will tell yu.
    (3)先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that;
    I can remember well the persns and sme pictures (that) I see.
    (4)先行词是ne f, the ne, 或用 little,much,few,n,all,sme,any,the nly,the very,the same,the last作修饰时;
    Is it the ne that yu want ?
    I haven’t gt much that I can ffer yu.
    5. 宜用 wh,不用that 的情况
    (1)先行词是anyne, smene, thse时,关系词使用wh;
    Thse wh want t g t the Great Wall sign up here.
    Is there anyne wh wants t g there?
    (2)在there be 句型中,先行词指人,关系词用wh;
    There is an ld man wh wants t see yu.
    There are many yung men wh are against him.
    关系副词的用法
    1. 关系副词的句法功能
    (1)引导定语从句的;
    (2)在从句中代替先行词;
    (3)在从句中作状语。具体关系副词如下:where——在从句中作地点状语,指代地点;when——在从句中作时间状语,指代时间;why——在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。
    2. 关系副词的运用
    ·The htel wasn’t clean. We stayed at the htel.(整合成一句话)
    →The htel where we stayed wasn’t clean.
    =The htel at which we stayed wasn’t clean.
    =The htel (which) we stayed at wasn’t clean.
    考点一:常见关系代词的基本用法
    1. Fr thse ________ want t see the film, put dwn yur names, please.
    【答案】 wh
    【解析】【分析】句意:对于那些想看电影的人,请写下你的名字。 want t see the film是限制性定语从句,先行词是thse,指人,在从句中作主语,故用关系代词wh,故答案为wh。
    2.The gvernment has carried ut several new plans, ________benefits are varius and bvius.
    【答案】 whse
    【解析】这里含有一个定语从句,关系词在从句中作定语,所以填whse。
    3.She said she wuld d anything ________ culd help her mther recver frm the disease.
    【答案】 that
    【解析】【分析】句意:她说她会做任何能帮助母亲从疾病中恢复的事情。分析句子结构可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是anything,关系词在从句中作主语,应使用that引导,故填that。
    4.There were many fans in the scial media ________ expressed their sadness ver Jin Yng's death.
    【答案】 wh
    【解析】【分析】句意:社交媒体上有很多粉丝对金庸的死表示悲伤。 expressed their sadness ver Jin Yng's death是限制性定语从句,先行词是fans,指人,在从句中作主语,故用关系代词wh,故填wh。
    5. This is the mst interesting bk ________ I have read.
    【答案】 that
    【解析】【分析】句意:这是我读过的最有趣的书。分子句子结构, ① I have read. 是一个定语从句,修饰先行词the mst interesting bk ,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,指物,且先行词被形容词最高级修饰,所以只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。
    考点二:关系副词引导的定语从句
    There was a time in England ________peple culd nt put up with each ther's ideas.
    【答案】 when
    【解析】【分析】句意:在英国,曾经有一段时间人们无法忍受彼此的想法。There was a time when ...,固定句式,”曾经有一段时间…..“,故填when。
    Life is like a race ________ we all cmpete with urselves against time.
    【答案】 where
    【解析】句意:生活就像是一场赛跑,在这次竞赛中我们都在与我们自己比赛。此句是定语从句,先行词是race,在从句中作地点状语,因此使用关系词where引导定语从句。故填where。
    Next mnth, ________ we will spend ur winter hlidays in ur hmetwn, is appraching.
    【答案】 when
    【解析】【分析】句意:下个月,那时我们将在家乡过寒假,就要到了。 we will spend ur winter hlidays in ur hmetwn是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词next mnth,在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when,或者介词during +关系代词which,因此答案为:when/during which。
    考点三: 非限制性定语从句
    He passed the cllege entrance examinatins, ________ made his parents very prud.
    【答案】 which
    【解析】【分析】句意:他通过了大学入学考试,这让他的父母非常自豪。made his parents very prud是非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子,在从句中作主语,故填which。
    The cnference, ________ was reprted in the newspaper, turned ut t be a great success.
    【答案】 as
    【解析】【分析】句意:正如报纸上所报道的那样,这次会议结果很成功。分析句子成分可知,设空处引导一个非限制性定语从句,其先行词是整个主句“The cnference turned ut t be a great success.(会议结果很成功)”,从句中缺少主语,且根据句意,该关系代词意为“正如,正像”,故填as。
    My sn, ________ wrk takes him all ver the wrld, is in New Yrk at the mment.
    【答案】 whse
    【解析】【分析】句意:我儿子此刻正在纽约,他的工作使他周游了全世界。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是my sn,指人,关系词在定语从句作名词wrk的定语,表示所属关系,意为“……的”,所以空处需用关系代词whse引导非限制性定语从句。故填whse。
    考点四:"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句
    He wrte many bks, tw f________ have been published s far.
    【答案】 which
    【解析】【分析】句意:他写了许多书,其中两本已出版。句中包含定语从句,先行词是bks指物,介词f后用关系代词which.故填which。
    His thery is the basis n ________many theries abut educatin are built.
    【答案】 which
    【解析】【分析】句意:他的理论是许多教育理论的基础。n many theries abut educatin are built是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the basis,在从句中作介词n的宾语,故填which。
    Sn the children in the camp had many new friends, with ________ they shared fd a stries.
    【答案】 whm
    【解析】【分析】句意:夏令营里的孩子们很快就有了许多新朋友,他们一起分享食物和故事。考查定语从句。句中先行词为friends,在非限定性定语从句中作介词with的宾语,应用关系代词whm。故填whm。
    考点五:定语从句与其他句型的区别
    1.It was until late afternn he was figuring ut he cnsidered was a wise way t fight against it.
    A. when; what B. that; that C. that; what D. when; that
    【答案】 C
    【解析】句意:直到下午晚些时候他才意识到他想到的是解决问题的正确的方法。第一空是until 用于强调句,构成it is nt until·····that “ “直到····才”,第二空后的______he thught是主语从句,分析主语从句的句子成分就会发现,缺少宾语,只能用what来充当宾语,that在名词性从句中不充当成分。选C。
    2.Yu'll find the huses and circumstances there different, but much f ______ yu find inside will be familiar.
    A. what B. which C. that D. these
    【答案】 A
    【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:你会发现那里的房子和环境是不同的,但是你会发现里面的许多东西都很熟悉。空格处引导词引导宾语从句,作介词f的宾语,引导词在从句中作主语,what引导宾语从句,作主语、宾语或者表语。故选A。
    3.When Beijing Opera masks, peple usually use white t highlight is bad in human nature.
    A. painted; all B. t paint; all C. being painted; that D. painting; what
    【答案】 D
    【解析】句意:在制作京剧脸谱时,人们通常用白色来强调人类本性中的恶。第一个空逻辑主语与后一句一致,而且与peple是主动形式,故用现在分词形式作状语;后一宾语从句缺少主语,根据句意故填what。故选D。
    1(2022新高考I卷)
    The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
    答案:that
    解析:考查定语从句关系词。句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词等于关系词,设空处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰,只能用关系代词that。故填that。
    2(2022全国甲卷)
    On the 1,100. Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, _________ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince.
    答案:wh
    解析:考查定语从句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知,此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词为Ca Shengkang,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
    3(2022年浙江1月)
    Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics __________ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.
    答案:that/wh
    解析:考查定语从句。句意:亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cbb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员,因为气候变化,他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词替代,故填that/wh。
    4.(2021.6新高考1卷)
    Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatle's sng "The Lng and Winding Rad". 1 is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.
    【答案】what
    【解析】1: 考查名词性从句。分析题目,空格处无提示词。分子句子结构可知,_____is s breathing abut the experience 作 is 的主语,为主语从句。从句中缺少主语,指代事情;且空格位于句首。故填What。
    5.(2021.3 天津卷)What puzzles Lily's friends is she always has s many crazy ideas.
    A. whether B. why C. what D. when
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意:令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。A. whether是否;B.why为什么;C. what什么; D.when什么时间,当……的时候。分析成分结构句子,该空需要一个表语从句的连接词。再结合句意可知,应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选:B。
    基础过关检测
    单项选择
    1.We can think f many situatins ______ peple knew a lt f English wrds and expressins but culd hardly cmmunicate with native speakers.
    A.whenB.whyC.whereD.which
    【答案】C
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们可以想到很多情况,人们知道很多英语单词和表达,但很难与以英语为母语的人交流。分析句子结构可知,此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是many situatins,在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故选C项。
    2.Life is like a marathn ______ perseverance and cnsistent effrts cunt.
    A.whenB.hwC.whereD.why
    【答案】C
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:人生就像马拉松,在这当中,毅力和坚持起作用。空格处是定语从句,先行词 marathn是抽象地点,在定语从句中缺少状语,因此要用关系副词where引导。故选C。
    3.Occasins are quite rare _______I have the time t spend a day with my kids.
    A.thatB.whereC.whileD.when
    【答案】D
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:让我有时间和我的孩子们相处一天的机会非常少。A. that那个; B. where哪里; C. while当······时候;D. when ······时候。When引导了一个定语从句,先行词为Occasins,在定语从句中充当时间状语,所以用when引导。故选D项。
    4.The experiment has reached a stage ______ they can almst d nthing abut it.
    A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what
    【答案】C
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:实验已经到达了一个他们几乎什么也做不了的阶段了。空处引导定语从句,先行词stage在从句中作地点状语,要用关系副词where引导。故选C。
    5.________ is knwn t the wrld, China’s Liu Xiang became the first Asian in histry t win the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympic Games.
    A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It
    【答案】C
    【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:众所周知,中国的刘翔成为历史上在奥运比赛中获得110米男子跨栏的亚洲第一人。空格处是非限制性定语从句,先行词是后面整个句子,且在句首,因此要用As。故选C。
    6.Wh is the man ________was standing there?
    A.whB.whichC.thatD.whm
    【答案】C
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:站在那里的人是谁?空格处是定语从句,先行词是the man,在定语从句中缺少主语,因此考虑wh和that,但是由于主句是以Wh 引导的疑问句,为避免重复,排除wh,选择that。故选C。
    7.I dn’t like the way ________ yu speak t her.
    A.whichB./C.f whichD.by which
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。空格处是限定性定语从句,先行词是 the way,在定语从句中缺少状语,在这种情况下,可选择that/in which/省略。故选B。
    8.New Yrk, ________ I visited last year, is a nice ld city.
    A.thatB.whichC.whenD.in which
    【答案】B
    【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意:我去年参观过纽约,那是一个美丽而古老的城市。空格处是非限制性定语从句,先行词是New Yrk,关系词在定语从句中作及物动词visited的宾语,故正确答案是B。
    9.Twitter is a scial netwrking website ______ peple frm different cuntries cmmunicate with ne anther.
    A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which
    【答案】C
    【解析】本题考查定语从句,句意:Twitter 是一个社交网站,来自不同国家的人可以在此交流,空格处是定语从句,先行词是website为抽象地点,在后面从句中充当模糊化的地点状语,因此要用where。故选C。
    10.A bus cmpany________ driver caused an accident while using his mbile phne has been fined 10,000 yuan.
    A.whichB.whC.whseD.what
    【答案】C
    【解析】考查关系代词。句意:一个公交公司的司机开车时由于使用手机,引起一个事故,已经被罚一万元。空格处是定语从句,先行词是A bus cmpany,在定语从句中driver缺少定语,因此要用whse引导。故选C。
    11.Small tur grups frm cuntries________ crnavirus infectins are well under cntrl are welcme here
    A.in whichB.whenC.thatD.frm which
    【答案】A
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:来自于冠状病毒感染受到很好的控制的国家的小旅游团在这里是受欢迎的。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查限制性定语从句,先行词是“cuntries”,在从句“crnavirus infectins are well under cntrl”做地点状语,所以连词用关系副词where或者介词in+关系代词which的结构,表示“在这些国家,冠状病毒感染受到很好的控制”的意思。故选A。
    12.The reasn________ sme peple pay mre attentin t their appearance is that they care much mre abut what ther peple think f them.
    A.whereB.thatC.whenD.why
    【答案】D
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:一些人更加关注他们的外貌的原因是他们更加在意别人对他们的看法。A. where哪里;B. that这;C. when何时;D. why为什么。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查定语从句,先行词是“reasn”,在定语从句“sme peple pay mre attentin t their appearance”中做原因状语,所以要用关系副词why。故选D。
    13.It is this bk, with ________ help yu have deepened yur understanding f Chinese culture, that is wrth reading.
    A.whichB.thatC.whmD.whse
    【答案】D
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:正是这本曾经帮助你加深了对中国文化的理解的书值得读。A. which指物,做主、宾、表的成分; B. that指人或物,做主、宾、表的成分;C. whm指人,做宾、表的成分;D. whse指人或物,做定语的成分。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。先行词是“this bk”,在从句中做名词“help”的定语,所以要用whse。故选D。
    14.We will d smething fr thse students ________educatin can nt be cmpleted easily each year.
    A.whseB.whichC.whmD.wh
    【答案】A
    【解析】考查关系代词。句意:我们将帮助那些每年不能容易完成教育的那些学生。空格处是定语从句,先行词是 students,根据定语从句中的educatin可知从句中缺少定语,应用whse。故选A。
    15.A lt f lvers chse t get married n Dec. 12, 2012 ________ the date, the mnth and the year match.
    A.whichB.in whichC.whenD.f which
    【答案】C
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:很多情侣选择在2012年12月12日结婚,因为这一天的日期、月份和年份相匹配。本句是定语从句,从句修饰先行词Dec. 12, 2012,先行词表示时间,且在从句中做时间状语,关系词应用when,故选C项。
    16.The Nbel Prize in literature has been awarded annually t an authr frm any cuntry ________ has prduced “in the field f literature the mst utstanding wrk in an ideal directin”.
    A.whichB.whC.whereD.as
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:诺贝尔文学奖每年颁发给“在文学领域朝着理想方向创作出最杰出作品”的任何国家的作家。本句是定语从句,从句修饰先行词an authr,先行词是人,在从句中作主语,关系代词应用wh,故选B项。
    17.Recently I bught an ancient Chinese vase, ________ was very reasnable.
    A.which priceB.f which priceC.price f whichD.whse price
    【答案】D
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:最近我买了一个中国古代花瓶,它的价格非常合理。 分析句子结构及根据选项,可知该句考查定语从句的引导词;从句主语price与先行词an ancient Chinese vase之间有所属关系,所以用关系代词whse引起从句。故选D项。
    18.We dn’t knw the number f peple ________ lst their hmes in the earthquake.
    A.whmB.whC.whichD./
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们还不知道地震中失去家园的人数。分析句型可知,此处考查定语从句;从句缺少主语,先行词是peple,所以用指代人的关系代词wh。注意whm在从句中一般作宾语和表语。故选B项。
    19.Yu are the nly persn ________ advice Tm might listen t.
    A.whB.whseC.thatD.which
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:只有你的建议汤姆才会听。本句是定语从句,先行词persn在从句中作定语,应用whse,故选B项。
    20.He talked happily abut the men and bks ________ interested him greatly in the schl.
    A.thatB.whenC.whD.Which
    【答案】A
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他高兴地谈到在学校时使他感兴趣的人和书。分析可知空格处是定语从句,先行词是the men and bks,在定语从句中作主语,根据语法规则,当先行词既包含人又包含物时,关系代词用that。故选A。
    高考必考题型练习
    一、完形填空
    (四川省绵阳市南山中学2022-2023学年高一上学期入学考试)Inspiratin
    “Mama, when I grw up, I’m ging t be ne f thse!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Cmpany perfrm when I was three. It was the first time that my 1 tk n a lifelike frm and acted as smething imprtant t start my training. As I grew lder and 2 mre, my interests in the wrld f dance 3 changed but that little girl’s dream f smeday becming a 4 in the cmpany never left me. In the summer f 2005 when I was 18, I received the phne call which made that dream a 5 ; I became a member f the cmpany 6 back t 1925.
    As I lk back n that day nw, it is surely 7 f any sense f reality. I believe I stayed in a state f pleasant disbelief 8 I was halfway thrugh rehearsals(排练) n my first day. I never actually 9 t get the jb. After being ffered the psitin, I was cmpletely 10 . I remember shaking with excitement.
    Thugh I was excited with the change, it did nt cme withut its fair share f 11 . Thrugh the strict rehearsal perid f dancing six days a week, I fund it vital t 12 up the material fast with every last bit f cncentratin. It is that extreme 13 t detail and stress n practice that set us 14 . T then fllw thse high-energy rehearsals with a 15 shw plan f up t five perfrmances a day, I discvered a new 16 f the wrds “hard wrk.” What I thught were my physical 17 were pushed much further than I thught 18 . I learned t make each perfrmance better than the last.
    Tday, when I lk at the unbelievable cmpany that I have the great 19 f being a part f, nt nly as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a 20 that has inspired nt nly generatins f little girls but a wnderful cmpany that cntinues t develp and grw — and inspires peple every day t fllw their dreams.
    1.A.dreamB.planC.hbbyD.wrd
    2.A.cnnectedB.requiredC.knewD.educated
    3.A.exactlyB.certainlyC.prbablyD.hardly
    4.A.directrB.trainerC.leaderD.dancer
    5.A.regretB.memryC.truthD.reality
    6.A.returningB.datingC.turningD.arriving
    7.A.shrtB.ashamedC.fndD.plenty
    8.A.whileB.sinceC.untilD.when
    9.A.caredB.expectedC.askedD.decided
    10.A.encuragedB.relaxedC.sureD.surprised
    11.A.challengesB.prfitsC.advantagesD.adventures
    12.A.putB.mixC.buildD.pick
    13.A.cnnectinB.attentinC.attractinD.cnversatin
    14.A.apartB.asideC.ffD.back
    15.A.wnderfulB.variusC.busyD.huge
    16.A.functinB.meaningC.expressinD.usage
    17.A.limitsB.prblemsC.hardshipsD.effrts
    18.A.necessaryB.perfectC.prperD.pssible
    19.A.talentB.hnrC.pssibilityD.respnsibility
    20.A.victryB.chiceC.traditinD.desire
    【答案】1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.A 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.B 20.C
    【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过亲身经历告诉我们原本认为不可能的事通过努力也会成为可能,我们要挑战自己的极限,时刻鼓舞自己去实现梦想。
    1.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这是我的梦想第一次以一种生动的形式出现,并成为我训练的重要开始。A. dream梦想;B. plan计划;C. hbby爱好;D. wrd单词。根据前文的“I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Cmpany perfrm when I was three.”以及整篇文章都在讲主人公想当舞蹈家的梦想。故选A。
    2.考查动词词义辨析。句意:随着年龄的增长,接触到的东西也越来越多,我对舞蹈的兴趣当然有所变化,但那个小女孩有朝一日成为舞蹈团一名舞蹈家的梦想从未离开过我。A. cnnected连接;B. required要求;C. knew知道;D. educated教育。根据前文“As I grew lder and was 2 t mre.”可知,此处指“知道的东西也越来越多”,故选C。
    3.考查副词词义辨析。句意:随着年龄的增长,接触到的东西也越来越多,我对舞蹈的兴趣当然有所变化,但那个小女孩有朝一日成为舞蹈团一名舞蹈家的梦想从未离开过我。A. exactly精确地;B. certainly当然地;C. prbably很可能地;D. hardly几乎不。根据前文“As I grew lder and 2 mre,”可知,随着年龄的增长,接触的东西多了,兴趣也必然会随之变化。故选B。
    4.考查名词词义辨析。句意:随着年龄的增长,接触到的东西也越来越多,我对舞蹈的兴趣当然有所变化,但那个小女孩有朝一日成为舞蹈团一名舞蹈家的梦想从未离开过我。A. directr导演;B. trainer训练员;C. leader领导者;D. dancer舞蹈者。根据前文““Mama, when I grw up, I’m ging t be ne f thse!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Cmpany perfrm when I was three.”可知,女孩的梦想是成为舞蹈家。故选D。
    5.考查名词词义辨析。句意:2005年夏天,我18岁的时候,我收到了一个让梦想成为现实的电话。A. regret后悔;B. memry记忆;C. truth事实;D. reality现实。根据后文“I became a member f the cmpany 6 back t 1925.”可知,我成为该公司的一家成员,此处指梦想变成现实。故选D。
    6.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我成为该公司的一名成员,该公司可以追溯到1925年。A. returning回来;B. dating约会;C. turning转变;D. arriving到来。根据后文“back t 1925”可知,这家公司从1925年开始的。 date back t表示“追溯到”。故选B。
    7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:现在,当我回顾那一天,它确实缺乏任何现实感。A. shrt短缺的,缺乏的;B. ashamed羞愧的;C. fnd喜欢的;D. plenty大量的。根据后文“believe I stayed in a state f pleasant disbelief 8 I was halfway thrugh rehearsals(排练) n my first day.”可知,作者根本就没有想到自己会被录取,在公司的第一天就像做梦一样。故此处强调的是“不现实”。故选A。
    8.考查连词词义辨析。句意:我相信我一直保持着一种愉快的怀疑状态,直到第一天的排练进行到一半。A. while尽管;B. since自从……以来;C. until直到……为止;D. when当……时候。根据前文“I believe I stayed in a state f pleasant disbelief.”以及后文“I was halfway thrugh rehearsals(排练) n my first day.”可知,作者一直处于怀疑状态,直到第一天的排练进行到一半才相信这是真的。故选C。
    9.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我从来没有想到要得到这份工作。A. cared关心;B. expected期盼,预测;C. asked问;D. decided决定。根据前文“I believe I stayed in a state f pleasant disbelief”可知,作者一直处于怀疑状态,说明没想到自己会得到这份工作,故选B。
    10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在得到这个职位后,我完全惊呆了。A. encuraged被鼓励的;B. relaxed放松;C. sure确信的;D. surprised吃惊的。根据后文“I remember shaking with excitement.”可知,作者从来没有想到要得到这份工作,所以得到后惊呆了,故选D。
    11.考查名词词义辨析。句意:虽然我对这一变化感到非常兴奋,但它也带来了公平的挑战。A. challenges挑战;B. prfits利润;C. advantages优势;D. adventures冒险。根据下文“Thrugh the strict rehearsal perid f dancing six days a week, I fund it vital t 12 up the material fast with every last bit f cncentratin.”可知,此处强调的是该工作需要严格的舞蹈排练和学习材料,这个工作也带来了挑战,故选A。
    12.考查动词词义辨析。句意:通过每周六天的严格排练,我发现集中注意力快速学习材料是至关重要的。A. put放;B. mix混合;C. build建造;D. pick捡起。 根据后文“the material fast with every last bit f cncentratin.”可知,作者发现集中注意力快速学习材料是至关重要的,pick up意为“捡起、学会”,符合句意。故选D。
    13.考查名词词义辨析。句意:正是这种对细节和压力的极端关注使我们分开。 A. cnnectin联系;B. attentin注意力;C. attractin吸引;D. cnversatin对话。 根据后文的“detail and stress n practice that set us 14 ”,可知,此处指的是注重的是细节和强调的是练习。故选B。
    14.考查副词词义辨析。句意:正是这种对细节和练习的极端关注使我们分离。A. apart分离;B. aside在一边;C. ff远离;D. back回去。set apart意为“区分开,分开”。根据前文的“It is that extreme 13 t detail and stress n practice”可知,有些人有耐心注意细节,所以就跳的好,有些人没耐心不注意细节,就跳的不好,指跳舞水平的层次不同,使得人们区分开。故选A。
    15.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:然后,在那些高能量的排练之后,每天有多达五场的繁忙演出计划,我发现了“努力工作”这个词的新含义。A. wnderful美好的;B. varius各种各样的;C. busy繁忙的;D. huge巨大的。根据后文的“plan f up t five perfrmances a day”可知,每天多达五场的演出计划,是繁忙的。故选C。
    16.考查名词词义辨析。句意:同上。A. functin功能;B. meaning意义;C. expressin表达;D. usage使用。根据前文的“I discvered a new”可知,作者在经历繁忙的演出过程中,发现了“努力工作”这个词的新含义。故选B。
    17.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我认为我体能的极限被发挥到超出想象的地步。A. limits限制,界限;B. prblems麻烦,问题;C. hardships艰难;D. effrts努力。根据前文“T then fllw thse high-energy rehearsals with a 15 shw plan f up t five perfrmances a day”可知,作者每天都有高能量的训练和演出,让作者知道了她体能的极限被发挥到超出想象的地步。故选A。
    18.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:同上。A. necessary必要的;B. perfect完美的;C. prper正确的,合适的;D. pssible可能的。根据前文“were pushed much further than”可知,作者通过坚持和努力,作者突破了身体上的极限,这里指超过了所认为可能的地步。故选D。
    19.考查名词词义辨析。句意:今天,当我看了非常荣幸加入的令人难以置信的公司时,不仅作为一个成员,而且作为一个舞蹈队长,我看到一个传统,不仅激励了一代又一代的小女孩,而是一个辉煌的公司继续发展和成长—激发人们每天追随自己的梦想。A. talent天赋;B. hnr荣誉;C. pssibility可能性;D. respnsibility责任。根据后文“f being a part f”可知,作者作为公司的一员,所以作者的心理感觉到的一定是荣耀。故选B。
    20.考查名词词义辨析。句意:同上。 A. victry胜利;B. chice选择;C. traditin传统;D. desire欲望,渴望。根据后文的“that has inspired nt nly generatins f little girls but a wnderful cmpany that cntinues t develp and grw.”可知,此处强调的是,作者看到的东西不仅仅鼓励了一代又一代的跳舞的女孩儿们,也促进了这个辉煌的公司不停地向前发展,所以这样一个东西应该是公司的底蕴、传统。故选C。
    二、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    (四川省绵阳市南山中学2022-2023学年高一上学期入学考试)A Respectable Watermeln Expert
    China 1 (be) the largest prducer and cnsumer f watermelns in the wrld since 2018. And Wu Mingzhu, 92 years ld nw, is the unsung her wh has helped make this pssible. It’s fair 2 (say) that abut 80 percent f the watermelns served at peple’s dining tables every day are the result f great effrts made by Wu and her team ver mre than 60 years.
    Admitted t Suthwest Agricultural Cllege in Chngqing in the late 1940s, Wu is an alumnus (校友) f Yuan Lngping, the “father f hybrid rice”. After tw years f applicatin failures, Wu succeeded in 3 (realize)her dream f starting her career in Xinjiang in 1955. Since then, she has put 4 (she)t grwing sweet melns.
    Wu’s effrts t grw quality melns began paying ff in 1973, 5 she set up an ff-seasn grwing base in Hainan. Ging and returning between Xinjiang and Hainan 6 (frequent) fr many years, Wu develped mre than 20,000 f China’s new seed 7 (kind) thrugh ff-seasn grwing.
    Wu’s cntributin has wn her many praises. She became 8 member f the Chinese Academy f Engineering in 1999 and an hnrary citizen f Sanya in 2004. In additin, grwers call her the “Queen f Melns”.
    Nw suffering frm Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默) disease, Wu is ften 9 (able)t recgnize her frmer clleagues r even her family members. Hwever, the memry f her meln wrk 10 (remain) in her mind.
    【答案】1.has been 2.t say 3.realizing 4.herself 5.when 6.frequently 7.kinds 8.a 9.unable 10.remains
    【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了受人尊敬的西瓜专家——吴明珠院士。2018年以来,中国成为世界上最大的西瓜生产国和消费国。而现年92岁的吴明珠是使这一切成为可能的无名英雄。
    1.考查现在完成时。句意:2018年以来,中国成为世界上最大的西瓜生产国和消费国。结合句中since 2018可知,主句的时态为现在完成时。句子主语“China”为单数,所以此处填has been,故填has been。
    2.考查不定式。句意:公平地说,人们餐桌上每天供应的80% 左右的西瓜都是吴明珠和她的团队60多年努力的结果。此处使用了固定句式:It is fair t d...“做某事是公平的。”it为形式主语,不定式 t d为真正的主语,所以此处填t say。故填t say。
    3.考查动名词。句意:经过两年的申请失败后,1955年吴明珠女士实现了她在新疆开始职业生涯的梦想。短语:succeed in ding sth.“成功做某事”,ding为动名词作宾语,结合句中提示,所以此处用realizing,故填realizing。
    4.考查反身代词。句意:从那以后,她一直致力于种植甜瓜。当宾语和主语为同一物时,宾语要用反身代词。空处在句中为宾语,和主语意义一致,都表示吴明珠女士,所以此处用反身代词herself,故填herself。
    5.考查定语从句。句意:吴女士种植优质甜瓜的努力在1973年得到了回报,那一年她在海南建立了一个淡季种植基地。分析可知,“ 5 she set up an ffseasn grwing base inHainan”为非限制性定语从句,先行词为1973,在从句中作时间状语,所以此处用关系副词when,故填when。
    6.考查副词。句意:多年频繁往返于新疆和海南之间,通过反季节种植,吴培育了2万多个中国新种子品种。副词修饰动词,此处用副词修饰动词“ging and returning”,故填frequently。
    7.考查名词复数。句意:同上。kind“种类”为可数名词,结合前文“mre than 20,000”可知,此处指复数含义。故填kinds。
    8.考查冠词。句意:1999年她成为中国工程院院士,2004年成为三亚荣誉市民。member“成员”为可数名词,此处为单数含义,结合主语“she”,指她成为了一名中国工程院院士。,member的首个音素为辅音,所以用不定冠词a,故填a。
    9.考查形容词。句意:现在她患有老年痴呆症,吴常常认不出以前的同事,甚至连家人都认不出来。.短语:be able t d“能做……”,结合句前“Nw suffering frm Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默)disease”可知,吴明珠女士现在患有阿尔茨海默病,所以此处指她现在不能认出她以前的同事甚至是家人。所以用形容词unable,故填unable。
    10.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:然而,她的西瓜工作的记忆仍然在她的脑海中。空处在句中为谓语,结合前文“nw”可知,此处的时态用一般现在时。句子主语“the memry f her meln wrk”为单数含义,所以谓语用单数。故填remains。
    目标 1
    掌握限制性定语从句。
    目标 2
    掌握非限制性定语从句。
    目标 3
    区分关系词。

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