初三暑假英语预习讲义 第06讲 名词性从句 （学生版）

这是一份初三暑假英语预习讲义 第06讲 名词性从句 （学生版），共9页。

定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句，如：
I knw what yu need.
The prblem is wh will help yu.
名词性从句的分类
英语中名词性从句主要有：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。如：
Whm we will chse hasn't been decided.
He wants t knw hw he can deal with the prblem.
This is where he was brn.
He made a decisin that he wuld dnate his mney t the pr.
名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句的连接词有三类：连接代词、连接副词、从属连词。
注意事项
1. 掌握名词性从句的关键是理解、掌握名词性从句的引导词含义和在从句中的成分：先找到主句的主干（即主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾+宾补、主谓双宾），然后在根据引导词找到从句，弄清是哪种从句。
2. 从句的语序是陈述语序，不是疑问语序。如：
I dn't care wh yu are.
What this is desn't matter.
3. 引导名词性从句的引导词除了that引导宾语从句时可以省略，其余的都不能省略。
4. 这四种名词性从句中都可以用到虚拟语气。
名词性从句四种类别：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
(一)主语从句:
1、定义:主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的句子。如:
Whether yu'll win the game r nt desn't matter
Whever will attend the meeting must sign yur name here.
2、主语从句的引导词:
①从属连词:that，whether;如:
That he is a student is true.
②连接代词:wh，what，which;whever，whatever;如:
Whatever he wants is needed by his parents.
Which is better is clear.
What we shuld d next is still unknwn.
③连接副词:when，where，hw 和 why。如:
Hw we shuld face the hard situatin is a prblem.
That he is a scientist is a fact.
【注意】
在主语从句中只能用 whether，不能用 if
(2)形式主语:
一般来说主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，常用 it 作形式主语，把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有:
①It is +形容词+ that...
That he will win the match is certain.= It is certain that he will win the match
②It is +名词词组(n wnder，an hnur, a gd thing, a pity, n surprise, a surprise, a fact, etc. )+ that...
It’s a fact that we can’t g. English is easy t learn
③It is +过去分词(said,reprted,thught,expected,decided,annunced, believed, etc. )+ that...
It has been suggested that much shuld be dne t stp the river frm being plluted. 有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。
④It appears/ seems It happens It ccurred t me It turned ut that...
It turned ut that nbdy remembered the address.结果发现没人记得这地址。
⑤It desn’t matter It makes n difference that...
It desn’t matter whether she will cme r nt. 她是否来这无关紧要。
(二)表语从句:
1、定义:放在连系动词 be，lk，seem，sund，appear 后充当复合句中的表语。如:
China is n lnger what she used t be.今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
2、表语从句的引导词:
①从属连词 whether，as if/thugh，because，why，that。如:
·The truble is that I have lst his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
·He lked just as he had lked ten years befre.他看起来还与十年前一样。
That's because he didn’t understand me那是因为他没有理解我。(That's because.….强调原因)
That's why he gt angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。(That's why..强调结果)
It sunds as if smebdy is kncking at the dr.
②连接代词 wh，whm，whse，what，which，whever, whatever, whichever .如:
The prblem is wh we can get t replace her·That was what she did this mrning.
③连接副词 where，when，hw，why。如:
·The prblem is hw he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。
This place is where I met her fr the first time .·This is when he was brn·It is why I refused his gift.
【注意】
(1)在表语从句中只能用 whether，不能用 if;
(2)当连接副词 when/where/ why/ hw 引导表语从句时，可以表示“……的时候;……的地点;……的原因;……的方法”;如:
That is why he learns.
This is hw they study maths.
(3)在含有表语从句的复合句中，当主句的主语是 reasn 的时候，后面的表语从句要用 that 来引导，不能用 why 来引导。
(三)宾语从句:
1、定义:宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子。
I knw that he is a Chinese.
They are talking abut what they like .
2、宾语从句的引导词:
①从属连词:that，whether，if;如:
I think (that) yu shuld turn t the teacher fr help
I dn’t knw if/whether he still lives here after s many years
②连接代词:what，wh，whse，whatever，whichever，whever 等引导，如:
She asked me whse handwriting was the best in the class.
I'll just say whatever cmes int my mind.
③连接副词:when，where，why，hw等引导。如:·
D yu knw when the ancient Olympic Games began?
I’ve been thinking abut hw we can make the newspaper mre interesting
3、宾语从句的时态:
①当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时的时候，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如:
She says (that) she wrks frm Mnday t Friday.(从句是一般现在时)
She says (that) she will leave a message n his desk
她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
She will say (that) she went t Munt Emei in the past.(从句是一般过去时)
②当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态;但是此时如果从句表示的是客观真理或者普遍存在的现象时，宾语从句要用一般现在时。如:
He said there were n classes yesterday afternn.(从句是一般过去时)
He said that he was ging t take care f the baby.(从句是过去将来时)
The teacher tld the kids that the earth ges arund the sun.(从句是一般现在时)
【注意】
(1)whether 和 if 引导名词性从句的区别:
①whether 可以引导4 种名词性从句;if 只能引导名词性从句中的宾语从句;
②whether 引导的宾语从句可以作介词的宾语，而 if则不能。如:
They are talking abut whether she will win the game.
③whether 后面可以跟不定式，if则不能。如:
I dn't knw whether t visit him at this mment④在 nt 结构中，不能用 if。如:
I dn't knw whether he will stay here r nt next time.
(2)当 dubt后面引导宾语从句时，如果主句是否定句时，dubt 后面的宾语从句要用 that 引导;如果主句是肯定句时，dubt 后面的宾语从句要用 whether或if来引导。如:
I dubt whether he can help me.
They dn't dubt that he can succeed.
(3)引导宾语从句的引导词 that 一般情况下可以省略，但是当有两个或者两个以上的由that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个宾语从句的引导词 that 可以省略。如:
I believe (that) yu can study hard and that yu can make prgress in yur study in Senir middle schl
(4)当 that 引导宾语从句，而且后面又有宾语补足语时，要用 it 做形式宾语，而把 that 引导的宾语从句放到后面。常这样用的动词有 feel/think/make/ cnside1等。如:
I feel it easy that a student master the English language.
Schls make it a rule that students shuld g t schl n time.
(5)当动词 think，suppse，expect，believe，imagine 后面的宾语从句如果是否定句的时候，要把宾语从句中的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:
I dn't think I knw yu .
We dn't believe he will cme.
(6)当主句的谓语动词是 think，suppse，expect，believe，imagine，而且主句的主语是的一人称的单复数时，变成反意疑问句的时候，反意疑问句部分的主谓要与从句的主谓一致。如:
I think he is frm Russia, isn't he?
We dn't believe she can succeed, can she?
(7)当主句的谓语动词是think，suppse，expect，believe，imagine 等词时，
对宾语从句的某个成分进行提问时，要把特殊疑问词提到主句前。如:
Wh d yu think yu are ?
·Where d yu suppse he is frm?
(四)同位语从句
1、定义:在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句即解释说明前面某个抽象名词内容的从句。常跟同位语从句的抽象名词有 fact，news，idea,truth,hpe, prblem，infrmatin，belief，thught，dubt，prmise，questin，dubt 等。如:
I came up with an idea that I wuld visit my frmer teacher.
He has the dubt whether he can succeed.
2、同位语从句的引导词:
①从属连词:that，whether; 如:
He put frward the questin whether they shuld start at nce· I knw the fact that he is a dctr
②连接代词:what，wh，whse，what，which 等引导。如:
I have n idea whse bk it is .
That is a prblem which skirt I shuld buy.
③连接副词:when，where，why，hw 等引导。如:
I have a questin why he didn't cme here yesterday.·They had n idea where they wuld wrk.
3、同位语从句的几种特殊情况:
①当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如:
The stry ges that William Tell killed the king with an arrw故事是这样的:威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。
Wrd came that ur team had wn the game.有消息传来，我们队获胜了。
②表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词 rder，demand，suggestin 等后接同位语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即“shuld +动词原形”，shuld 可省略。如:
The suggestin that everyne (shuld) make effrts t beautify ur campus is necessary. 每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。
*同位语从句和定语从句的区别
The news that Mr. Li will be ur new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that 不可省略)
The news (that) he tld me yesterday is true.(定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语，可省略)
考点一：主语从句&宾语从句&表语从句&同位语从句的基本用法
1.She asked me _______ I had returned the bks t the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
2. ______ the path f a cunty is the right ne is a matter t be decided by its peple.
A. That B. What C. Whether D. Why
3. Everyne n this planet is different, and that's______ makes it such a beautiful place.
A. When B. hw C. what D. why
4. The nly way t succeed at the highest level is t have ttal belief ______ yu are better than anyne else n the sprts field.
考点二：名词性从句连接词的区别
1.It is reprted that a new schl has been built in___ was a deserted village a few decades ag.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
2.He said nthing except ________ he will cme t her birthday party.
A. that B. what C. whether D. if
3.Yu may have ne f these；in ther wrds，yu may have ________yu chse.
A. whichever B. wherever C. whenever D. n matter which
4.I wuld appreciate _________ yu culd wrk with us t cmmunicate t the American peple ________ there are n mre funds available fr further imprvement f scial security.
A. it that, if B. that, if C. it if, that D. if, that
1（2022新高考II卷）“I dn't knw ___________ t thank him.”
2（2022年浙江1月）Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak ______ she culd d s remtely.
3（2021新课标I卷）_____________is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.
4（2021年北京卷）The pr wman wasn't able t give him any infrmatin abut ________ she lived．
5（2021年天津卷）What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has s many crazy ideas.
A. whetherB. whyC. whatD. when
6（2021年天津卷）It seemed that I had becme ________ my parents had wanted me t be.
A. whenB. whereC. whatD. whether
基础过关检测
单项选择
1．Yu nw knw ________ an unarmed man can d against a man with a gun.
A．hwB．whatC．whyD．which
2．We prmise that ________ attends the party will have a chance t have a pht taken with the mvie star.
A．whB．whmC．wheverD．whmever
3．As a new cmer t the city, I have great interest in discvering ________ the city is like and have visited sme f the ppular places recently.
A．hwB．whatC．whenD．where
4．When I was a little by, the dinner n the eve f Spring Festival was ______ I lked frward t mst.
A．whichB．whatC．whenD．where
5．The exact year ________ Lucia and her family spent tgether in China was ________ the Beijing Olympic Games was held.
A．which; whereB．when; when
C．which; whenD．when; that
6．—Mary, culd yu please tell me ________?
—I have n idea. She has been sad like this fr a while.
A．what Linda happenedB．why Linda unhappy
C．what happened t LindaD．why was Linda unhappy
7．He is cnfident ______ he will make great prgress if he pays attentin t his study.
A．fB．abutC．thatD．in
8．——Culd yu tell me ________ we can start a cnversatin with a freigner? —— Talking abut weather is a gd chice.
A．whereB．whenC．hw
9．________ Barbara Jnes ffers t her fans is hnesty and happiness.
A．WhichB．WhatC．ThatD．Where
10．A stry ges ________ Elizabeth I f England liked nthing mre than being surrunded by clever and qualified nblemen at curt.
A．whenB．whereC．whatD．that
11．— The Leg Batman Mvie is s ppular these days. D yu knw _________?
— Oh, let me search fr it n the Internet.
A．what kind f mvie is itB．where is it prduced
C．hw lng it lastsD．when was it prduced
12．—Can yu tell me when________?
—Abut tw weeks ag.
A．des he buy the carB．did he buy the car
C．he bught the carD．he buys the car
13．―Linda, culd yu tell me ________ Paris?
―Sure. Last Saturday.
A．when Mr. Jhnsn leftB．when Mr. Jhnsn will leave
C．when did Mr. Jhnsn leaveD．when will Mr. Jhnsn leave
14．The freigner asked me ________ t the Tian’anmen Square.
A．hw culd he getB．hw he culd get
C．hw can he getD．hw he can
15．_________ was strange, thugh, was the very fact_________ she was wide awake and, accrding t her bedside clck, it was nly a quarter t fur.
A．It… thatB．It…whatC．What…thatD．What…which
16．At first, Facebk investrs did experience_________ analyst Arvind Bhatia called “sticker shck” after learning that Facebk planned t pay $19 billin fr WhatsApp, a cmpany that had declared it had n plans t make mney any time sn.
A．whatB．thatC．whichD．as
17．The reasn why he failed is_________he was t careless.
A．becauseB．thatC．frD．because f
18．Is this______we met them last night?
A．whereB．placeC．place in whichD．place which
19．What she culdn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students shwed interest in her lessns.
A．whyB．whatC．whichD．hw
20．Many f the prcrastinatrs (拖延症患者) ften care t much abut the result f ________ they are ding and insist n it being perfect.
A．hweverB．n matter whatC．whicheverD．whatever
高考必考题型练习
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（广东省广州市海珠区第六中学2022-2023学年高一上学期开学考试）Windsr Castle is surrunded by a lt f green gardens in the English cuntryside. It lks ut nt the River Thames and sits next 1 a hunting grund. It was built just utside f Lndn 2 (prtect) the capital frm the enemies n the west side.
Windsr Castle is the ldest and largest castle 3 (build) in the wrld. The castle has a lng, rich and trubled histry. 4 the castle walls culd talk, they’d have many stries t tell.
Kings were brn and 5 (die) here. It’s been used as the hme f kings and queens fr centuries. Hwever, it was als used as a prisn during the English Civil War Ⅱ. The ryal family 6 (secret) slept at Windsr Castle because it was safer than Lndn’s urban areas.
Then, Windsr Castle was the private hme f Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ. When she didn’t meet guests at Buckingham Palace, she went t Windsr Castle. 7 that’s nt all. Windsr Castle is pen t the public. It is nw ne f England’s mst ppular turist 8 (attract). Visitrs can lk at sme f the finest artwrks, 9 (include) the paintings f Rembrandt as well as the well-kept gardens. Is there a better way t learn abut England 10 t enjy sme f the cuntry’s finest scenery?
目标 1
掌握主语从句的用法。
目标 2
掌握宾语从句的用法。
目标 3
掌握表语语从句和同位语从句的用法。
目标 4
了解连接词的意义和用法。
名称
成分
连接词
that，whether，if（是否）
无
I knw that he can succeed.
He wnder whether/ if we can help him when he is in danger.
The kid was crying then because he culdn’t find his mther.
Yu seem as if/ as thugh yu have knwn he is cming back.
连接代词
wh，whm，which，whse，what，whatever，whever
主语、宾语、表语、定语
I knw wh yu are.
Whm yu live with is imprtant.
The prblem is what it is.
I knw whse bk this is.
I dn't knw which pen is mine.
连接副词
when，where，why，hw
状语
I am wndering where we shuld g.
When she will start is a prblem.
This is why he respect yu.
I have n idea hw we deal with him.
同位语从句
定语从句
功能不同
对抽象名词的解释说明
修饰或限制某一名词或代词
that
是从属连词;只起连接作用;在同位语从句中不作成分;不可省略
是关系代词，起连接作用;在定语从句中作主语或宾语:并日作从句的宾语时可省略
前面的名词
同位语从句前面的名词只能是抽象名词
定语从句前面的名词可以是表示具体的人或物的名词或者是抽象名词