初三暑假英语预习讲义 第12讲 Unit4 Natural Disasters 核心单词知识句型（学生版）

这是一份初三暑假英语预习讲义 第12讲 Unit4 Natural Disasters 核心单词知识句型（学生版），共11页。学案主要包含了2022年全国乙卷等内容，欢迎下载使用。

核心单词讲解
清单一----词表词汇速记 （限时25分钟）
1. rescue n.& vt.营救；救援（save）
● cme t ne's rescue 援救某人
rescue team 救援队
● ……把……从……营救出来
eg. It was with the help f the lcal guide that the muntain climber was rescued. 那位登山者是在当地向导的帮助下获救的。
damage vt.损害；破坏（destry/ruin）
n.损坏；损失
● cause/d damage t 对……造成损害
● damage ne's health 损害某人的健康
eg. We'd better get rid f the bad habit f smking,fr smking can d/cause damage t ur health.（倡议书）
我们最好改掉吸烟的坏习惯，因为吸烟对我们的健康有害。
affect vt.影响（influence）；
（疾病）侵袭；深深深打动（tuch/mve）
● be affected by 受……影响；被……打动
be affected with 感染……疾病
● affectin n.喜爱
eg. We were cnstantly affected by the stries f thse wh devted their lives t fighting against COVID-19. 我们不断被那些为抗击新冠肺炎献出生命的故事感动。
Affected with a serius disease,he was n lnger able t speak clearly and he knew there was n hpe f recvery.
由于患了一种严重的疾病，他说话不再清楚，他知道没有康复的希望。
（江苏卷书面表达）Apparently，blindly fl-lwing thers' advice will affect ur wn judgment. 显然，盲目听从别人的建议会影响我们自己的判断。
【形近】 effect n.结果；效应；作用；影响
ruin n.& vt.破坏；毁坏（destry）
●lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced t ruins 沦为废墟
● ruin neself毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin ne's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉
5. shck n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克
vt.（使）震惊
● be a great shck t sb对某人来说是极大的震惊
in shck 震惊；吃惊
● shcked adj.震惊的；惊讶的
be shcked at 对……吃惊
● shcking adj.令人震惊的
【联想】 各种“惊讶”
①astnishing令人惊讶的 astnished 惊讶的
②amazing令人惊奇的 amazed 惊奇的
③surprising令人吃惊的 surprised吃惊的
6.bury vt，埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心
● be buried in=bury neself in 埋头于；专心于
● bury ne's face in ne's hands 双手掩面
【联想】 表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有∶
①be absrbed in ②be engaged in ③be devted t ④be lst in ⑤be emplyed in ⑥apply neself t
effrt n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力（attempt）
spare n effrt t d sth 不遗余力做某事
make an/every effrt t d sth 努力做某事
with effrt 费力地
eg. We'll spare n effrt t help yu, but yu must get prepared t meet all kinds f difficulties. 我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
8. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受
vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
● suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage/lss 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏/损失
suffer frm 遭受；患病
● suffering n.痛苦；苦恼
sufferer n.患难者；患病者
eg. There are always sme ups and dwns in ur life,but it is the sufferings that make us strnger.（发言稿） 生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。
9. supply n.供应（量）；补给；【pl.】补给品
vt.供应；供给（prvide）
● be in shrt supply短缺
have a gd supply f...备有许多……
medical supplies 医疗用品
● supply sth t sb=supply sb with sth 为某人提供某物
【联想】 表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有∶
①prvide sb with sth/prvide sth fr sb
②ffer sb sth/ffer sth t sb
10.survive vi.生存；存活
vt.幸存；艰难度过
● survive sth幸免于；从……中活过来
survive frm 从……存活下来
survive n 依靠……生存下来
A survive B（by十时间）A比B活得长（……）
● survivr n.幸存者
survival n.【U】幸存；【C】残存物
eg. Human life is regarded as part f nature and,the nly way fr us t survive is t live in harmny with nature.
人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，我们存活下去的唯一的方法是和自然和谐相处。
11.calm vt.& vi.（使）平静；（使）镇静
adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的
● calm dwn 平静下来
calm sb dwn 使某人镇定下来
● keep calm 保持镇静
● calmly adv.冷静地；平静地
eg. Calm yurself dwn;there is n need t feel upset abut it.（建议信）
让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事心烦。
aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资
vi.& vt.帮助；援助
● give first aid t sb 对某人急救
with the aid f…在……的帮助下
cme t ne's aid 帮助某人
● aid sb in(ding)sth)
aid sb with sth 帮助某人（做）某事
aid sb t d sth
eg. With the aid f ur teachers, we learned hw t perfrm first aid.
在我们老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。
sweep vt.& vi.打扫；清扫
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
【联想】 “ABB”型动词原形、过去式、过去分词
①sweep，swept，swept打扫；清扫
②bleed，bled，bled出血；流血
③deal，dealt，dealt处理；交易；对付
④fight，fught，fught（与……）作战；战斗
⑤flee，fled，fled逃走；逃避
strike vi.& vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打
n.罢工；罢课；袭击
● be struck with/by 为……所袭击（感动）
It strikes sb that...某人突然想到……
● ne's heart 使……刻骨铭心
● be n strike 在罢工
g n strike举行罢工
【联想】 “某人突然想到”句式还有∶
①It ccurs t sb that... ②It hits sb that... ③It cmes t sb that...
deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表；接生
●deliver sth（t sb）递送某物（给某人）
deliver a speech发表演讲/致辞
deliver a baby 接生
●delivery n.投递；送交
【联想】 “做演讲”的其他表达∶
①give a lecture/talk ②make a speech
effect n.影响；结果；效果；效力
● take effect 生效；见效
cme int effect 生效
have an effect n/upn 对……产生影响
effect 实施；使……生效/起作用
● effective adj.有效的；有影响的
effectively adv.有效地；高效地
【联想】 “对……有影响”的其他表达∶
①affect/influence sth
②have an influence n
③have an impact n
Iength n.长；长度
lng adj.长的
lengthen vt.& vi.（使）变长
【联想】 后缀-th高频名词荟萃∶
①length 长度 ②strength 力量 ③warmth 温暖 ④width 宽度 ⑤depth 深度 ⑥grwth 成长
二、重点词块速记
natural disasters 自然灾难
as usual像往常一样
at（the）least 至少
first aid kit 急救箱
5.cme t an end 结束
6.ne f the mst deadly earthquakes 最致命的地震之一
7.cut acrss huses,rads,and waterways 横穿房屋、道路和水道
8.blw them away 把它们刮走
9.put up shelters in the pen air 在露天搭起避难所
10.prvide medical care 提供医疗护理
11.start t revive itself开始自我复苏
12.in times f disaster 在灾难时期
13.becme a hme t 成为……的家园
14.begin t breathe again 重新开始呼吸
15.rebuild fr a brighter future 重建更光明的未来
16.vlcanic eruptin 火山喷发
17.have n hand enugh water手头有足够的水
18.deliver fd and supplies 运送食物和用品
重点句型剖析
1.Chickens and even pigs were t nervus t eat,and dgs refused t g inside buildings.
（t＋adj.+t…太……而不能……）鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。
2.It seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end!（as if..似乎/好像……）仿佛世界末日即将来临!
3.Sn after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead.（wh 引导定语从句）
地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
4.The mst pwerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed int castlines acrss Asia yesterday,killing mre than 6,500 peple in Indnesia,India,Thai-land,Malaysia,and at least fur ther cuntries.（v.-ing形式作结果状语）过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6500多人死亡。
5.Hwever,dangerus cnditins and damaged rads will make it difficult t deliver fd and supplies.(make it＋adj.＋t d)然而，危险的状况以及受损的道路将会使得运送食物和物资变得困难。
6. I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my hme. 我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐，这时家里开始灌水。
句型公式|be ding sth when…
be ding sth when…"正在做某事，这时……"，when作并列连词。
（1）be abut t d sth when…正要做某事，这时突然……
be n the pint f ding sth when...正要做某事，这时突然……
（2）had just dne sth when…刚做完某事，这时……
①（2019·浙江卷写作）Last Mnday，I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an ld man fall ff his bicycle.
上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。
②Seated in the classrm,I was n the pint f taking my bks ut when suddenly I be-came faint.
→Seated in the classrm,I was abut t take my bks ut when suddenly I became faint.
坐在教室里，我正要把书拿出来，这时我突然眩晕了。
③I had just turned n the cmputer when my parents came back.
我刚刚打开电脑，这时我父母回来了。
考点一、核心单词语法填空
He tk a deep （breathe）, and began t climb the stairs.
It is vital that we act t stp the （destry）f the rainfrests.
Mre than seven millin peple （affect）by drught in that cuntry last year.
Tw survivrs were rescued after （trap）under the ruins fr tw days.
There is n perfect chice at all. All we have t t d is spare n effrt （make）what we have chsen right.
Julia was given the kiss f life but she culdn’t （revive）.
The number f peple wh were killed r seriusly injured in the earthquake （reach）mre than 7,000 s far.
It is cmmn that all the cinemas are almst full f audience, are hlding ppcrn and drinks.
Many Lithuanians have expressed dubts abut the （wise）f the decisin.
（visit）China ver 40 times since 2012, Samaranch understands hw effective the cuntry’s sprts system can be.
11.The prject lks at hw we culd be mre （effect）in encuraging students t enter teacher training.
12.The mre （pwer）the car the mre difficult it is t handle.
13. He succeeded the aid f a cmpletely new methd he discvered.
14. summary, it is my pinin that the whle prcess f treatment was very successful.
15. The president （deliver）a speech n hw t effectively slve the immigratin prblem next week.
16. Our English teacher suggests （read）English alud every mrning.
17. I was taking am nline class in my study I heard a lud nise in the backyard.
18. She is the nly ne f the students wn the internatinal award.
考点二、重点词块选词填空

After the earthquake, the beautiful city was .
She behaved fr all the wrld nthing unusual had happened.
He was still frm what had happened earlier in the afternn.
The English crner did nt until abut ten ’clck last night.
Strng winds can als the valuable sil that lies n the tp f the fields.
Teenagers wh are addicted t the Internet are mre likely t depressin.
While he was studying classical literature he als began t ancient Chinese histry.
Dn't every unknwn wrd in yur dictinary, try t guess its meaning frm the cntext.
Nelsn Mandela nce s many difficulties in prisn, which inspired him t pursue freedm fr his peple.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
【2022年全国乙卷】May 21st this year marks the first Internatinal Tea Day, which was named fficially ___41___ the United Natins n Nvember 27th, 2019. T celebrate ___42___ festival, a number f events tk place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing n Thursday.
The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety ___43___ (address) the pening ceremny. “As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birthplace f tea and the ___44___ (large) tea-prducing cuntry, China has a ___45___ (respnsible)t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry. It can help t build a cmmunity with a ___46___ (share) future fr mankind,” he said.
The “First Internatinal Tea Day Tea Rad Cperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremny calls fr peple wrking in the tea industry t cme tgether t prmte internatinal cperatin ___47___ cultural exchanges. A fur-year tea prmtin —Tea Rad Cperative Plan—was als issued in accrdance with the initiative.
___48___ (strengthen)the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media, ___49___ (invite) twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was fficially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremny, pening ____50____ (it)first exhibitin: The Avenue f Truth—A Special Exhibitin f Pu’er Tea.
完形填空
（湖南省长沙市雅礼书院中学等2022-2023学年高一上学期期中联考）One day, a prfessr entered his classrm and asked his students t prepare fr a surprise test. They all waited 41 at their desks fr the exam t begin. The prfessr 42 the exam papers with the text facing dwn as usual. Once he handed them all ut, he asked the students t 43 the papers.
T everyne’s surprise, there were 44 questins — just a black dt in the center f the paper.
The prfessr, seeing the expressins n everyne’s faces, tld them the fllwing: “I want yu t write abut what yu see there.” The students, 45 , gt started n the very task.
At the end f the class, the prfessr tk all the exams, reading each ne f them lud in frnt f all the students.
All f them, withut 46 , described the black dt (小圆点), trying t explain its psitin in the center f the sheet. After all had been read, the classrm 47 , the prfessr started t explain: “I’m nt ging t grade yu n this; I just want t give yu smething t think abut. N ne wrte abut the 48 part f the paper.”
“Everyne fcused n the black dt — and the 49 thing happens in ur lives. 50 , we insist n fcusing nly n the black dt — the health issues that truble us, the lack f 51 , the cmplicated (复杂的) friendship with a family member, the disappintment with a friend. The dark spts are very 52 when cmpared t everything we have in ur lives, but they are the nes that 53 ur minds. 54 yur eyes away frm the black dts in yur lives. Enjy each ne f yur blessings, each mment that life gives yu. Be 55 and live a life filled with lve!”
41．A．happilyB．guiltilyC．anxiuslyD．lazily
42．A．handed utB．carried utC．left utD．put ut
43．A．burn dwnB．turn verC．turn utD．turn t
44．A．smeB．anyC．manyD．n
45．A．sadB．cnfusedC．angryD．fun
46．A．expectatinB．surpriseC．exceptinD．dubt
47．A．brightB．nisyC．crwdedD．silent
48．A．blackB．centralC．whiteD．mst
49．A．differentB．sameC．difficultD．easy
50．A．HweverB．TherefreC．ThusD．Mrever
51．A．privacyB．mneyC．fdD．skill
52．A．greatB．tinyC．bigD．imprtant
53．A．plluteB．createC．relaxD．help
54．A．DriveB．PutC．TakeD．Bring
55．A．healthyB．generusC．lvelyD．happy
二、七选五
（陕西省西安市陕西师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试）
Plan a Budget-Friendly (省钱的) Summer Vacatin
It’s never t early t start thinking abut yur summer vacatin. Deciding where t g and what attractins t see can actually be a fun and exciting part f the experience—particularly when yu find ways t save yur travel dllar.
16
Rethink yur “summer vacatin”.
If yur summer vacatin windw is wide pen, why nt skip July and August? The flights and accmmdatins are abut 25% cheaper in the spring r early fall. If yu must travel during the busy seasn, yu can still save by being flexible. 17 Flying ut n a Tuesday instead f a Friday culd save yu a bit f mney, and flying in the afternn will likely be cheaper than a mrning flight.
18
It’s always in yur best interest t bk yur summer vacatin early. If yu plan n flying t yur destinatin, fr example, it will be much easier t find seats n yur preferred flights if yu bk in March than if yu were t wait until the last minute. The same applies t htels, where prices are based n supply and demand.
Use the right websites.
There are a lt f websites cmpeting fr yur travel dllar. 19 Fr example, when yu make five reservatins with Bking.cm, yu can have access t their “Genius Prgram” which gives yu 10% ff as well as early check-in and late check-ut.
Cnsider a tur.
With s many places t see and things t d, planning a trip can wear yu ut quickly. 20 Seasned tur peratrs, such as Trafalgar, take the stress ut f travel s all yu have t d is shw up and enjy yurself. Mre imprtantly, a guided vacatin represents a significant saving.
A．Plan yur flights.
B．Bk in advance.
C．In that case, a tur is a fantastic chice.
D．Chse the ne that ffers the best service.
E．That cmpetitin has led t many benefits fr travelers.
F．When bking flights, chse the least ppular travel times.
G．Here are tips t plan a summer vacatin within yur budget.
目标 1
掌握重点单词和词块的用法。
目标 2
认识并运用重点句型。
dig int, lk up, as if, in ruins, blw away, cme int an end,
in shck, g thugh, suffer frm