2025版高考英语一轮复习微专题小练习练习15阅读理解+应用文写作（附解析）

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮复习微专题小练习练习15阅读理解+应用文写作（附解析），共5页。

In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin，” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable？”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it，” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin­nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye­catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt，” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places—and even species—that are nt well­sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——科学研究——生物样本数据的可用性
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了一个有关生物样本数据的研究。文章探究了生物样本数据的可用性，指出了实证研究发现的问题并提出了提高数据质量的措施。
1．What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A．They are becming utdated.
B．They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C．They are limited in number.
D．They are used fr public exhibitin.
答案与解析：B 理解具体信息。根据第一段的“Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity , and ther digital recrds.”可知，现在，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他的数字记录形式存在。故选B项。选项中的“electrnic frm”是对原文中的“vides，and ther digital recrds”的同义转换。
2．What des Daru's study fcus n?
A．Threatened species. B．Physical specimens.
C．Observatinal data. D．Mbile applicatins.
答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据第二段的“and since we are increasingly using bservatinal they usable？”可知，Daru及其团队使用观察数据来研究物种是如何对全球变化作出回应的，他想知道这些观察数据是否可用。再根据第三段的内容可知，Daru及其团队使用一个全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上展示了实际的全球生物多样性模式。由此可知，Daru的研究关注观察数据。故选C项。A项“濒危物种”；B项“实物标本”；C项“观察数据”；D项“手机应用程序”。
3．What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A.Mistakes in data analysis.
B．Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C．Imprper way f sampling.
D．Unreliable data cllectin devices.
答案与解析：C 推断。根据第四段的“We were particularly f the grass right next t it”可知，研究人员对探索可能导致数据偏差的采样的方方面面特别感兴趣，比如公民科学家很有可能只拍开花植物而不拍它旁边的青草。由此可知，采样方式的不当会导致数据偏差，故选C项。A项“数据分析中的错误”；B项“上传的图片质量差”；D项“数据收集设备不可靠”。
4．What is Daru's suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A．Review data frm certain areas.
B．Hire experts t check the recrds.
C．Cnfirm the identity f the users.
D．Give guidance t citizen scientists.
答案与解析：D 理解具体信息。根据第七段的“Bidiversity apps can have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image”可知，生物多样性应用程序可以使用Daru他们的研究结果来让用户知道哪些地区是采样过量的地区，并且引导他们去对采样不是很好的地方或者物种进行采样。为了改善观察数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序也鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图片。结合第五段的“the peple wh scientists”可知，这里的用户指代的是公民科学家。故选D项。A项“检查特定区域的数据”；B项“雇用专家去检查记录”；C项“确认用户身份”；D项“给公民科学家一些指导”。
B
I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder's Sphie's Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy (哲学).
That lve fr philsphy lasted until I gt t cllege. Nthing kills the lve fr philsphy faster than peple wh think they understand Fucault, Baudrillard, r Cnfucius better than yu — and then try t explain them.
Eric Weiner's The Scrates Express: In Search f Life Lessns frm Dead Philsphers reawakened my lve fr philsphy. It is nt an explanatin, but an invitatin t think and experience philsphy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher's wrk in the cntext (背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy, is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.
He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr. Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry, and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding (解读) their messages and adding his wn interpretatin.
The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. The invitatin is clear: Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk. I encurage yu t take his ffer. It's wrth yur time, even if time is smething we dn't have a lt f.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Scrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Scrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。
5．Wh pened the dr t philsphy fr the authr?
A.Fucault. B．Eric Weiner.
C．Jstein Gaarder. D．A cllege teacher.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段“I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder's Sphie's Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jstein Gaarder的《 Sphie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jstein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。
6．Why des the authr list great philsphers in Paragraph 4?
A．T cmpare Weiner with them.
B．T give examples f great wrks.
C．T praise their writing skills.
D．T help readers understand Weiner's bk.
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher's wrk in the cntext (背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。故选D。
7．What des the authr like abut The Scrates Express?
A．Its views n histry are well­presented.
B．Its ideas can be applied t daily life.
C．It includes cmments frm readers.
D．It leaves an pen ending.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy, is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Scrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。
8．What des the authr think f Weiner's bk?
A．Objective and plain.
B．Daring and ambitius.
C．Serius and hard t fllw.
D．Humrus and straightfrward.
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiner的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. (The Scrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiner的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiner的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷]假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：
1．你完成的作品；
2．你的感想。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear Chris，
I'm writing t share with yu an art class I had in a park last Friday.
________________________________________________________________________
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Yurs，
Li Hua
写作思路：
One pssible versin：
Dear Chris，
I'm writing t share with yu an art class I had in a park last Friday. ①I painted the scenery f the park, where the willw branches were dancing in the breeze (微风) and several ducks were swimming in the river peacefully and happily (定语从句). The vibrant (鲜艳的) clrs f the flwers, the sunlight reflecting ff the water (现在分词短语作后置定语) and the tranquil (宁静的) atmsphere all added clr t (给……增色) the painting.
It was such an extrardinary and memrable experience that I wuld always keep it in my memry. It nt nly prvided me with an pprtunity t cnnect my artistic creatin with nature, but als enhanced (提高) my willingess t take inspiratin frm (从……中汲取灵感) nature in the future.
Yurs，
Li Hua
一句多译：①其他表达方式：I chse t paint the scenery f the park featuring dancing willw branches in the breeze and several swimming ducks in the river.
2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，D
说明文
354词
★★★☆☆
2023·全国甲卷
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285词
★★☆☆☆