2025版高考英语一轮复习微专题小练习练习13阅读理解+读后续写(附解析)
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The Stanfrd marshmallw (棉花糖) test was riginally cnducted by psychlgist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged fur t six at a nursery schl were placed in a rm. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed n a table. Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat. Then they were left alne in the rm. Fllwup studies with the children later in life shwed a cnnectin between an ability t wait lng enugh t btain a secnd treat and varius frms f success.
As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day. We're nt tempted by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets—all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because ur ancestrs lived in a calriepr wrld, and ur brains develped a respnse mechanism t these treats that reflected their value—a feeling f reward and satisfactin. But as we've reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn't eat.
A similar prcess is at wrk in ur respnse t infrmatin. Our frmative envirnment as a species was infrmatinpr, s ur brains develped a mechanism that prized new infrmatin. But glbal cnnectivity has greatly changed ur infrmatin envirnment. We are nw ceaselessly bmbarded (轰炸) with new infrmatin. Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin, we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.
语篇类型:议论文 主题语境:人与自我——做人与做事——儿童棉花糖实验的启示
【语篇解读】 文章通过20世纪60年代一项针对孩子的棉花糖实验引出作者观点——身处网络时代,我们每天都受到大量信息的诱惑,要学会做有选择的信息消费者。
1.What did the children need t d t get a secnd treat in Mischel's test?
A.Take an examinatin alne.
B.Shw respect fr the researchers.
C.Share their treats with thers.
D.Delay eating fr fifteen minutes.
答案与解析:D 理解具体信息。根据第一段对Mischel的棉花糖实验的介绍中的“Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat”可知,孩子们如果等待15分钟再吃糖,就会得到第二份奖励,故选D项。
2.Accrding t Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ________.
A.the calriepr wrld and ur gd appetites
B.the shrtage f sugar and ur nutritinal needs
C.the rich fd supply and ur unchanged brains
D.the tempting fds and ur effrts t keep fit
答案与解析:C 理解具体信息。根据题干中“mismatch”这一关键词将答案定位在第三段的最后一句话“But as we've reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the shuldn't eat”。由此句可知,我们获取热量所需付出的成本和努力大大减少,也就是说现在我们能够轻易获取充足的食物了,但是我们的大脑仍然和数千年前一样,因此这两者之间是不匹配的,故选C项。A项“热量匮乏的世界和我们的好胃口”;B项“糖分的缺乏和我们的营养需求”;C项“充足的食物供应和我们一成不变的大脑”;D项“诱人的食物和我们为保持健康所做的努力”。
3.What des the authr suggest readers d?
A.Be selective infrmatin cnsumers.
B.Absrb new infrmatin readily.
C.Use diverse infrmatin surces.
D.Prtect the infrmatin envirnment.
答案与解析:B 推断。根据最后一段中的“ als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental ‘junk fd’ in rder t manage ur time mst effectively”可知,作者建议我们要谨慎地对待信息消费,抵制那些对我们的精神健康有害的信息诱惑,以达到高效管理时间的目的。因此可推断出,作者建议读者要做有选择的信息消费者,故选B项。A项“欣然接受新信息”;C项“使用多样化的信息源”;D项“保护信息环境”。
4.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A.Eat Less, Read Mre
B.The Bitter Truth abut Early Humans
C.The Later, the Better
D.The Marshmallw Test fr Grwnups
答案与解析:D 理解文章主旨要义。本文围绕棉花糖实验展开,从最初针对幼儿园孩子的测试引入,说明棉花糖对孩子的影响,再类比到成人身上,阐述了在充斥着各类信息的信息大环境下,我们成年人也应该要学会抵制不良信息带来的诱惑,做一个有选择的信息消费者,因此文章重点介绍了成人面临的“棉花糖实验”,故选D项。
B
When was the last time yu used a telephne bx? I mean t make an actual phne call—nt t shelter frm the rain. Ages ag, right? The last time I used a phne bx fr its intended purpse I was cnducting auditins (试演) fr my play in my tiny ld shared huse in Lndn. Hping t impress sme talented actrs t cme and wrk fr me fr nthing, I spread sme thrws ver the sfas and lit candles t make it__seem a bit mre “yung prfessinal”.
As I rushed utdrs t empty the wastepaper baskets, the dr swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was lcked utside. My mbile phne was inside, but luckily there was a telephne bx acrss the street. S, I called Directry Assistance, gt put thrugh t ur landlady's managing agent, and had a spare key sent t me with just enugh time t get back in befre the actrs arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used ne, I shuld hardly be surprised that then are n lnger any public telephnes near my huse. The last ne standing has just been turned int a “mini cmmunity library”: any passerby can “brrw” a bk frm its shelves, and return it later, r replace it with anther title frm their wn cllectin.
Fr a few mnths after the “library” pened, I didn't bther taking a lk, as I had assumed that it wuld be stuffed full f cheese lve stries. Then I nticed frk cnducting spring cleans drpping bxes f vluminus bks n varius subjects there. And these bks were free. This unbeatable pricepint encuraged me t experiment with dzens f titles that I wuld never nrmally cnsider buying. And I've discvered sme great bks!
If I ever get trapped utside my huse again, my lcal telephne bx will, sadly, n lnger be able t cnnect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait fr my wife t rescue me.
语篇类型:记叙文 主题语境:人与社会——社会进步——电话亭的变迁
【语篇解读】 作者回忆了自己最后一次使用电话亭的经历,并发现家附近最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷你社区图书馆”,这为社区提供了新的价值。
5.What des the underlined wrd “it” in the first paragraph refer t?
A.The play. B.The shared huse.
C.The sfa. D.The telephne bx.
答案与解析:B 理解词汇。根据第一段中的“I was cnducting auditins (试演) fr my play in my tiny ld shared huse in Lndn”和“I spread sme thrws ver the sfas and lit candles t make it seem a bit mre ‘yung prfessinal’”可推断出,作者是在合租房里安排试演,为了给一些有天赋的演员留下深刻印象而将合租房布置了一番,故选B项。
6.Why did the authr use the telephne bx in 2006?
A.T place an urgent call.
B.T put up a ntice.
C.T shelter frm the rain.
D.T hld an auditin.
答案与解析:A 推断。根据题干信息将答案定位在第一、二段。第二段提到作者被锁在了门外,但是幸运的是“there was a telephne bx acrss the street”,因此作者打电话拿到了备用钥匙,才得以及时赶回家。由此可推断出,在2006年作者使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话,故选A项。
7.What d we knw abut the “mini cmmunity library”?
A.It prvides phne service fr free.
B.Anyne can cntribute t its cllectin.
C.It is ppular amng yung readers.
D.Bks must be returned within a mnth.
答案与解析:B 理解具体信息。根据题干中的“mini cmmunity library”将答案锁定在第三段。由该段中的“a ‘mini cmmunity library’: any passerby replace it with anther title frm their wn cllectin”可知,任何路过的人都能用自己的另一本藏书来替换其中的一本书,也就是说任何人都可以为这个图书馆的藏书做出贡献,故选B项。A项“它提供免费电话服务”;C项“它在年轻读者中受欢迎”;D项“一个月之内必须归还图书”。
8.Why did the authr start t use the “library”?
A.He wanted t brrw sme lve stries.
B.He was encuraged by a clse neighbur.
C.He fund there were excellent free bks.
D.He thught it was an ideal place fr reading.
答案与解析:C 理解具体信息。根据第四段可知,作者一开始认为这个“图书馆”里都是一些庸俗的爱情故事书,但后来却注意到那里有各种主题的大部头书,而且这些书都是免费的。这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励作者尝试许多自己通常不会考虑购买的书,并且发现了一些很棒的书。由此可知,作者因为发现那里有免费的好书,才转变之前的想法,开始使用这个“图书馆”。故选C项。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2024·九省联考]Last summer, Hilda wrked as a vlunteer with dlphin trainers at a sea life park. Her jb was t make sure the tanks were free f any items s that the trainers culd train the dlphins t fetch specific items. Hwever, ne day after cleaning, ne f the dlphins, Maya, presented Hilda with a candy wrapper frm the tank. When Katherine, the trainer, saw this, she blamed Hilda fr her carelessness. Upset but nt discuraged by this event, Hilda decided t d sme spying n Maya.
The next mrning, Hilda arrived at the park early. She put n her scuba gear (水下呼吸器) and jumped int the tank fr her usual, underwater sweep. Finding nthing in the tank, she climbed ut f the water just in time t see Katherine jumping in n the ther side. After what happened yesterday, Hilda knew what she was ding. She watched as Katherine perfrmed her underwater search, but Hilda wasn't surprised when she surfaced emptyhanded.
During the tank sweeps, Maya had been swimming playfully, but nw the dlphin stpped suddenly and swam t the back part f the tank where the filter (过滤) bx was lcated. She stuck her nse dwn behind the bx and then swam away. What was Maya ding back there? Hilda wndered. She jumped back int the water and swam ver t take a lk behind the bx, and her questin was answered. Hilda then swam acrss the tank fllwing Maya's path and emerged frm the water t find Katherine remving her scuba gear. As Katherine turned arund, her muth drpped pen. There was Maya at the edge f the tank with a cmb (梳子) in her muth waiting fr her treat.
“Maya! Where did yu get that?” demanded Katherine, taking the cmb and thrwing her a fish. “I knw where she gt it,” declared Hilda climbing ut f the tank with a handful f items still wet frm their watery, resting place. “What's all this?” Katherine asked, bviusly cnfused.
注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“This is Maya's secret,” Hilda said with a big smile.
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Nw Katherine realized what had been ging n.
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One pssible versin:
“This is Maya's secret,” Hilda said with a big smile. “The truth f the matter,” Hilda cntinued, “is that Maya has been secretly cllecting items frm the tank, hiding them near the filter in the back f the tank. When yu train her, she will give yu sme items s that she can get treats frm yu.” “Really? Hw d yu knw that?” Katherine asked in surprise. Hilda laughed and replied, “It tk me a lng time t discver this secret, t. It's nt easy t fllw Maya.”
Nw Katherine realized what had been ging n. Katherine thught t herself, this is really a clever dlphin. And she said t Hilda, “Well, Maya lves treats, s we'll wrk tgether, and yu'll secretly help her cllect a few things and put them in the filter at the back f the tank. I'll give her treats, the number f which I can increase.” Hilda replied, “Gd idea, let's d it.” Frm then n, the Sea Life Park is full f warmth and harmny. Maya's perfrmance in frnt f the audience is getting better and better.2024·浙江1月,D
议论文
310词
★★★☆☆
2024·浙江1月,B
记叙文
329词
★★★☆☆
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