河南省2024年英语中考热点备考重难专题：一材多题型精讲阅读理解—说明文【课件】

这是一份河南省2024年英语中考热点备考重难专题：一材多题型精讲阅读理解—说明文【课件】，共45页。PPT课件主要包含了一材多题型精讲， 语篇研读， 阅读理解D， 阅读理解说明文， 作文缩写， 时间 ， 空间等内容，欢迎下载使用。

课件思路简介 一、设计初衷：《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》提到“充分认识语篇在传递文化意涵，引领价值取向，促进思维发展，服务语言学习、意义理解与表达等方面的重要作用。” 基于此，特优选高质量语篇，改编成不同题型，使老师在讲解不同的阅读任务时，帮助学生多层次、多角度地理解语篇，进而提高学生的阅读理解能力。二、思路亮点：1. 采用精讲一材多题型的整体思路，即：把同一个语篇素材改编成3个不同的题型，以便多维度提升学生的阅读理解能力及写作水平；2. 结合2022全国创新考法，以“问题链”的形式研读语篇，方便老师精准透彻地讲解语篇；3. 站在学生的角度，动态可视化解题思路，培养学生的解题思维。三、适用场景：日常题型讲解或题型专项集训
01 阅读理解—说明文
Step 1：浏览全文，获取信息
①Clwnfish（小丑鱼）like t live in cral reefs（珊瑚礁），but they dn't spend their entire lives there. In the first few mnths after they are brn，they “wander（游荡）” in the pen sea. The fish are very small. They are nt yet range and can't even swim. When the baby clwnfish grw big enugh t swim, they hurry hme. They can't see the reef, hwever. Instead, they depend n the small nises that a healthy reef lets ut t find their way back.
②But humans—and their ships, speedbats, energy explratin platfrms and even surfing—have made the cean an unbearably nisy place. These nises are ften luder than the natural nes. In the case f baby clwnfish, they make them unable t find their way hme. Clwnfish are nt the nly nes t suffer. Beneath the waves, there is little light. Sunds, hwever, travel very far. Many sea animals depend n their ability t hear fr their survival. They use sunds t sense their envirnment and t cmmunicate. Dlphins call ne anther by unique names. Tadfish hum. Whales sing.
③Many sea animals swim away frm the nises. Whales, fr example, can learn t avid busy shipping rutes. But slw-mving animals like sea cucumbers are left helpless. In sme places, human-made nises are everywhere. Animals have t permanently mve away frm these nises t quieter places. They are then frced t cmpete against thers fr the same pls f resurces. Over time, their ppulatins start t decline（减少）.
④Luckily, the nise is a cntrllable pllutant. “We knw exactly what causes the nise, we knw where it is and we knw hw t stp it,”said Steve Simpsn, a bilgist in England. Many slutins t this prblem already exist. Wind-pwered bats have been develped. Shipping rutes can als be mved away frm certain areas. Researchers are calling fr stricter rules. “We have nise standards fr cars and trucks,”said Carls Duarte, anther bilgist.“Why shuld we nt have them fr ships?”外文素材选自《上海学生英文报》
Clwnfish depend n the small nises that a healthy reef lets ut t find their way back.
Humans have made the cean an unbearably nisy place. Many sea animals suffer, because they depend n their ability t hear fr their survival.
Many sea animals’ ppulatins start t decline.
The nise is a cntrllable pllutant.
Step 2：分析题目，定位原文，对比选项
什么动物在往家赶时需要健康的珊瑚礁？
① fish are very small. They are nt yet range and can't even swim. When the baby clwnfish grw big enugh t swim, they hurry hme. They can't see the reef, hwever. Instead, they depend n the small nises that a healthy reef lets ut t find their way back.
“they”所指代的动物需要健康的珊瑚礁
“they”指代的是clwnfish
1.What animals need healthy reefs when they hurry hme?A. Whales. B. Clwnfish. C. Dlphins. D. Tadfish.
➊分析题目：圈设问关键点
➌对比选项：clwnfish
2.What des the underlined wrd “unbearably” mean in the text?A. 令人非常满意地B.令人难以辩驳地 C. 令人难以忍受地 D.令人非常愉快地
文中画线单词的含义是什么？
②But humans—and their ships, speedbats, energy explratin platfrms and even surfing—have made the cean an unbearably nisy place. These nises are ften luder than the natural nes. In the case f baby clwnfish, they make them unable t find their way hme.
这种吵闹是有危害的, 排除A、D
B、C代入文意中无“辩驳”的意思，C正确
修饰“nisy”，表示吵闹的程度
②... Clwnfish are nt the nly nes t suffer. Beneath the waves, there is little light. Sunds, hwever, travel very far. Many sea animals depend n their ability t hear fr their survival. They use sunds t sense their envirnment and t cmmunicate. ...
travel very far的是sund，排除A
通过声音而非气味，则D错误
3.What d we knw abut sea animals that suffer accrding t the text?A. They travel very far in the sea. B. They live in a bright place. C. They depend n their hearing ability t survive. D. They use smells t cmmunicate with n anther.
行动缓慢的动物不能游走。
海洋动物会游到更安静的地方。
噪音导致海洋动物的数量减少。
4.What des Paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?A.Slw-mving animals can’t swim nises are everywhere. C.Sea animals will mve t quieter places. D.Nises cause sea animals’ ppulatins t decline.
③Many sea animals swim away frm the nises. Whales, fr example, can learn t avid busy shipping rutes. But slw-mving animals like sea cucumbers are left helpless. ... They are then frced t cmpete against thers fr the same pls f resurces. Over time, their ppulatins start t decline（减少）.
ABC只是第三段涉及的一个层面，并非主旨。
5.What's the best title fr the text?A.Where clwnfish spend their whle lives？B. When sea animals will mve away？C. Hw human nises influence sea animals？D. Why stricter rules shuld be made ？
① depend n the small nises that a healthy reef lets ut t find their way back.②Clwnfish are nt the nly nes t suffer. ③They are then frced t cmpete ppulatins start t decline.④... the nise is a cntrllable pllutant. ...
本文围绕人类制造的噪音对海洋生物的影响，C正确。
P1:小丑鱼需要珊瑚礁发出的微弱噪音回家
P2:噪音影响了小丑鱼在内的众多海洋生物
P3:一些海洋动物会被迫加入种群竞争，导致数量减少
P4:噪音是一个可控的污染源。
What, the best title
What,Paragraph X,mainly talk abut
What，the underlined wrd，mean
词义/短语猜测(1)What des"ut f it"mst prbably mean in Chinese? (河南 2020.31)(2)The underlined wrd “calming” has the clsest meaning t “_____”. (河南 2016.54)(3)What is the meaning f the underlined phrase “adapt t”in the passage?（河北 2016.64）
P1：Clwnfish depend n the small nises that a healthy reef lets ut t find their way back.P2：Clwnfish are nt the nly nes t suffer. Many sea animals depend n their ability t hear fr their survival.P4：Luckily, the nise is a cntrllable pllutant.
①What d Paragraph1，2 and 4 mainly talk abut?
对于段落大意题，中考考试中，还可能会针对某一特定段落的段落大意进行提问，比如：What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?(河南 2022.33)Which paragraphs tell what sleepwalkers d?(河南 2020.33)What is the main idea f paragraph 2？(贵阳 2021.23)
主旨大意题还有可能这么问：What des the text/passage（mainly）tell us？（河南 2017.60）What is the text mainly abut?(河南 2016.55)What is the main idea f this passage?（河北 2016.65）
②What des the text mainly talk abut?Human-made nises d great harm t sea animals.
③In which part f a magazine can yu read the text?文章主要介绍人类制造的噪音对海洋动物生存状况的影响，所以应该是在杂志的“自然Nature”版块可以读到。
你可以在杂志的哪个版块读到这篇文章？
常见的版块有Health（健康），Life（生活），Travel（旅游），Sprts（体育），Science（科学），Music（音乐），Culture（文化）...对于文章主题推断题，还可能有的设问形式：Yu may read the passage in the _______ sectin f a newspaper. (云南2022.54)
What is the writer's main purpse in writing this passage?
作者写这篇文章的意图是什么？
作者主要介绍了人类制造的噪音对海洋动物生存状况的影响，以及解决噪音污染的现有举措、未来可能实施的措施。呼吁人们重视由人类活动引起的噪音污染问题，保护海洋动物，爱护海洋环境。
①从这篇文章中，我们可以了解到一些海洋动物的特征与生活环境，比如：小丑鱼喜欢生活在珊瑚礁里，但它们在出生后的头几个月里，是在大海中“游荡”的。那时候的小丑鱼宝宝还不是橙色的，甚至不会游泳。等到它们长大了，它们才会依靠珊瑚礁发出的微弱噪音来找到它们回家的路。还有，许多海洋动物是依靠它们的听觉能力来生存的，它们通过声音来感知环境和进行交流，比如：鲸鱼，海豚，蟾鱼。万物有灵，我们应该尊重生命，热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生。
②从文中，我们还可以了解到，船只、快艇、能源勘探平台甚至冲浪等人类活动都会造成噪音污染。但幸运的是，噪音污染是可控的，目前也已经有了一些解决方案，比如：风力发电的船、改变运输路线等。生物学家们也在呼吁制定更严格的规则。提醒我们关注环境保护知识，了解环境污染及其原因。从我做起，保护环境。
①What is the structure(结构) f the passage?
Clwnfish：small nises frm a healthy cral reef t find their way hme
Nises cause sea animals’ ppulatins t decline.
Many sea animals：ability t hear fr their survival
同学们可以关注一下文章结构、说明顺序，自己写作文的时候会用到哦~
文章第一段讲述小丑鱼需要珊瑚礁发出的微弱噪音回家；第二段讲述人类制造的噪音影响了小丑鱼在内的众多依赖听力来生存的海洋生物；第三段讲述尽管有一些海洋动物靠游泳远离噪音，但为了获得资源，也会被迫加入种群竞争，导致数量减少；第四段讲述控制噪音污染的有效方法。从第一段到最后一段的内容，可见本文的文章结构是“递进式”。说明对象上，从部分（小丑鱼）拓展至整体（海洋动物）；说明结构上，从介绍海洋动物依赖听觉能力来生存，到一些海洋动物搬家后被迫加入无噪音污染地区的资源竞争，进而导致数量减少。层层递进，将噪音对海洋动物的影响剖析透彻。
②In which rder is the passage written? 逻辑 Lgical rder
这篇文章是按什么顺序写成的？
P1：but, they, in the first few mnths after they are brn, when+时间状语从句, hwever, instead；spend their entire lives, wander, big enugh t swim, hurry hme, depend n, find their way back, yet, even
赏析：①在进行句内、句际衔接时，作者使用了并列连词“but”，代词“they”，介词短语套after引导的时间状语从句，when引导的时间状语从句，副词“hwever”“instead”；在介绍小丑鱼的生活习性时，使用了“spend their entire lives”“wander”“big enugh t swim”“hurry hme”“depend n”“find their way back”。这些动词（词组）简洁而准确，将小丑鱼的生活习性生动地描述出来了。在介绍小丑鱼宝宝的特征时，使用了副词“yet”“even”，体现了小丑鱼宝宝与成年小丑鱼的对比。
同学们觉得这些词好在哪里呢？P1还有哪些词你认为用得好呢？
P2：But, have made the cean an unbearably nisy place, luder than the natural nes, in the case f, nt the nly nes t suffer, ability t hear fr their survival
赏析：②在进行段间衔接时，作者在P2段首使用了“But”。因人类活动对海洋的影响已经产生了，所以此处使用了现在完成时“have made”。在描述人类活动对海洋的影响程度时，使用了“an unbearably nisy place”。另外，还使用了比较级“luder than the natural nes”进行对比。为了在具体案例中解释上述现象，使用了“in the case f”。在准备过渡到其他海洋动物时，使用了“nt the nly nes t suffer”。在介绍听觉能力对海洋动物意味着生存的时候，使用了“ability t hear fr their survival”。
同学们觉得这些词好在哪里呢？P2还有哪些词你认为用得好呢？
P3： fr example，like，be left helpless，mve away frm these nises t quieter places，be then frced t，ver time, start t decline
赏析:③在举例时，使用了不同的表达“fr example”“like”。在介绍海参行动缓慢，无法游离噪音污染严重的地方时，使用了“be left helpless”，更能让读者体会到这些海洋动物的无助感。在介绍受到噪音影响后，动物们逃离的情况时，使用了“mve away frm these nises t quieter places”，有出发地、目的地，也有目的地的特点“quieter ”。在介绍动物们搬家后的情况时，使用了“be then frced t”“ver time”“ start t decline”，点明了噪音污染对海洋动物们的最终影响。
P4：luckily, already, als, are calling fr stricter rules
赏析:④在介绍噪音污染目前已经存在一些解决方法时，使用了副词“luckily”“already”“als”。在介绍生物学家们现在也在呼吁一些更严格的规则时候，使用了“are calling fr stricter rules”，体现了人们对噪音污染问题的持续关注。
译文：相反，它们依靠健康的珊瑚礁发出的微弱噪音来找到回家的路。
that指代“the small nises”
1. Instead, they depend n the small nises that a healthy reef lets ut t find their way back.
2. We knw exactly what causes the nise, we knw where it is and we knw hw t stp knw exactly [what causes the nise]2.we knw[where it is] 3.we knw[hw t stp it]
译文：我们确切地知道是什么导致了噪音，我们知道噪音在哪里，我们知道如何阻止噪音。
从句使用陈述句语序或连接词+t d
Step 1：浏览全文，掌握文章内容、结构、设空位置
Step 2：分析选项
A.Over time, their ppulatins start t call ne anther by unique nises are ften luder than the natural , the nise is a cntrllable are nt yet range and can't even swim.
A.随着时间的推移，它们的数量开始下降。
B.海豚用独特的名字互相称呼。
C.这些噪音通常比自然噪音大。
D.幸运的是，噪音是可控的污染物。
E.他们还没有变成橙色，甚至不会游泳。
Step 3：关注信息段、比对备选项，选择答案
①Clwnfish（小丑鱼）like t live in cral reefs（珊瑚礁），but they dn't spend their entire lives there. In the first few mnths after they are brn，they“wander（游荡）”in the pen sea. The fish are very small. 1._____ When the baby clwnfish grw big enugh t swim, they hurry hme. ...
A. Over time, their ppulatins start t decline.B. Dlphins call ne anther by unique names.C. These nises are ften luder than the natural nes.D. Luckily, the nise is a cntrllable pllutant.E. They are nt yet range and can't even swim.
空处内容与swim有关。看选项
代入E，讨论小丑鱼宝宝的相关情况，符合文意，故选E。
②But humans—and their ships, speedbats, energy explratin platfrms and even surfing—have made the cean an unbearably nisy place. 2._____ In the case f baby clwnfish, they make them unable t find their way hme. Clwnfish are nt the nly nes t suffer. Beneath the waves, there is little light. Sunds, hwever, travel very far. Many sea animals depend n their ability t hear fr their survival. They use sunds t sense their envirnment and t cmmunicate. 3._____ Tadfish hum. Whales sing.
代入B，符合交流的具体方式
对小丑鱼坏的影响，D中的Luckily不符
③Many sea animals swim away frm the nises. Whales, fr example, can learn t avid busy shipping rutes. But slw-mving animals like sea cucumbers（海参）are left helpless. In sme places, human-made nises are everywhere. Animals have t permanently（永久地）mve away frm these nises t quieter places. They are then frced t cmpete against thers fr the same pls f resurces. 4._____
被迫卷入资源竞争，导致数量减少。故选A。
噪音污染有一定的解决方法，故选D。
结合与前/后文关系推断
④5._____ "We knw exactly what causes the nise, we knw where it is and we knw hw t stp it," said Steve Simpsn, a bilgist in England. Many slutins t this prblem already exist. Wind-pwered bats have been develped. Shipping rutes can als be mved away frm certain areas. Researchers are calling fr stricter rules. "We have nise standards fr cars and trucks," said Carls Duarte, anther bilgist. "Why shuld we nt have them fr ships?"
同学们补齐5处答案后，进行Step 4: 代入复核
结合与前/后文关系推断 5题
同词复现 1题：swim
派生词照应 2题：“nisy”照应“nise”
同畴词复现 3题：Dlphins 与Tadfish, Whales
请同学们根据以下提示，缩写“人类噪音如何影响海洋动物”这篇文章。►关键词：ability t hear fr survival, nisy place, mve away, cmpete against thers fr, decline, slutins ►词数：100个左右
可以使用语篇研读部分的文章结构、要点表达、逻辑连接词语哦~