人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists课时练习

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists课时练习，共22页。试卷主要包含了　　　　　　10等内容，欢迎下载使用。

基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.There are many (证据) that this place is rich in mineral resurces.
2. (统计数字)shw that the number f students reading Chinese classics is n the rise.
3.Experts have pinted ut that the absence f s punishment plays a majr rle in the grwing fd safety prblems.
4.(2021天津3月改编)A superir dctr is ne wh is a (纯粹的) specialist in medicine.
5.This switch has (减少) pllutin in the cuntry's majr lakes and reservirs.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.My cmputer has been linked the Internet in ur ffice.
2.(易错题)That girl did the right thing, s we shuldn't blame the accident her.
3.The number f peple riding mtrcycles withut helmets is the decrease.
4.(2023浙江1月)Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls anther.
5.Suspecting the traveler f (carry) drugs, the custms fficer stpped him and went thrugh his suitcase.
6.(2024广东东莞期中)As nbdy here knws what is wrng with the ld man, we must send fr a dctr (handle) the prblem.
7.He made s many mistakes he failed the exam nce again.
8.When I was a little child, the Chinese New Year's Eve dinner was I expected mst.
Ⅲ.选词填空
nce and fr all;subscribe t;thanks t
Yuan Lngping, knwn as the father f hybrid rice, has made enrmus cntributins t glbal fd safety. Many experts in agriculture at hme and abrad 1. his research and slve the prblem f the fd shrtage. 2. Yuan's intense effrts, ur cuntry has been far away frm hunger 3. .
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities actively s that they can gain experience f grwth. (句型转换)
→Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities actively experience f grwth.
2.将下面句子中画线的部分分别进行强调
Tm did the experiment in the lab yesterday afternn.
①强调主语:
②强调宾语:
③强调地点状语:
④强调时间状语:
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Chlera, as 1 type f deadly disease f its day, threatened rdinary peple. Jhn Snw was 2 (determine) t slve this prblem. He knew that nly if he fund its cause wuld it be cntrlled.
There were tw theries that 3 (pssible) explained hw peple gt infected. Jhn Snw 4 (subscribe) t the thery that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water.
In 1854, an utbreak f chlera hit Lndn. Snw decided t have an 5 (investigate). He marked the places n a map, 6 gave him a valuable clue abut the cause f the disease. He fund many f the deaths were near the water pump in Brad Street. Sme husehlds had n deaths 7 these peple drank free beer. It seemed that the water pump was 8 (blame). He did further research and cncluded that plluted water led 9 the disease. Finally “King Chlera” 10 (defeat).
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024湖南桃江联考)
Scientists reprt they have discvered water during a Chinese mn task. The water is in 1 (extreme) small glass beads(珠子) that were fund in the dirt where many meterites(陨石) have hit the mn. The dirt 2 (cllect) in 2020.
He Jiuhui f Nanjing University tk part in the study, 3 was published recently in Nature Gescience. He said the beads differ in size frm the 4 (wide) f ne hair t several hairs. The amunt f water inside was very small.
Since billins 5 these beads exist n the mn, there culd be substantial amunts f water. But mining it wuld be difficult, ne f the 6 (researcher) said.
The findings are based n 32 glass beads 7 (chse) frm mn dirt cllected during China's Chang'e 5 mn task.
“This shws water can be gt n the mn's new reservir n the mn,” He said.
The study's findings raise the chance 8 water culd be cllected by 9 (heat) the beads in future rbtic tasks.
Still, mre studies wuld be needed t shw whether 10 is pssible t get such water and whether the water wuld be safe t drink.
In earlier studies, water was fund in glass beads frmed by vlcanic activity n the mn. Thse studies used materials cllected n the mn mre than fifty years ag.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2023山东师大附中月考)
Hw intelligent can a cmputer be? Maybe yu can get the answer after reading the fllwing passage abut a newly-develped US cmputer prgram called SmarterChild and the Internet.
If yu run int SmarterChild nline, yu will be surprised at this kid's huge memry and thinking. He can recite many facts. Fr example, SmarterChild knws every baseball player in every team this seasn.
He knws every wrd in the dictinary and the weather in every majr city area acrss the US. Hwever, if yu ask SmarterChild ther questins, yu will get strange answers. A questin abut SmarterChild's age is answered with “One year, 11 days, 16 hurs, 7 minutes, and 47 secnds!” Asked where he lived, he said, “In a clean rm in a high-tech building in Califrnia.”
SmarterChild uses the huge infrmatin n the Wrld Wide Web as his memry bank. T answer questins abut spelling, fr instance, SmarterChild ges t the American Heritage Dictinary nline. Fr the weather, he visits
Sme scientists believe that by jining the many systems f the Internet, an artificial being with the cmbined knwledge f, say, Albert Einstein, Richard Nixn and Britney Spears culd be brn. Hwever, there are still faults f him. If SmarterChild wants t think and learn n his wn like the rbt by David in the mvie A.I. Artificial Intelligence, he must slve tw prblems.
The first is that cmputers find it difficult t read web pages because the files are srted in different ways. That's why prgrammers need t tell SmarterChild where t lk fr the weather. It wuld be a much mre difficult task t let him find it himself.
Furthermre, anther prblem is that while SmarterChild can deal with infrmatin mre exactly and faster than any human, he lacks cmmn sense—a basic knwledge that is bvius t any yung child.
1.Which f the fllwing can SmarterChild d?
A.Write wrds. B.Recrd facts.
C.Call players' names. D.Answer persnal questins.
2.What d we knw abut
A.It is designed t help SmarterChild.
B.It is abut artificial intelligence.
C.It helps peple find SmarterChild.
D.It can frecast the weather.
3.Which f the fllwing is the mst difficult fr SmarterChild?
A.Distinguishing right behavirs frm wrng nes.
B.Telling hw the American gvernment is run.
C.Prviding a famus pem by Shakespeare.
D.Dealing with infrmatin accurately.
4.What's the best title fr the text?
A.Where is artificial intelligence leading us?
B.Can SmarterChild have critical thinking?
C.Hw intelligent can SmarterChild be?
D.Des SmarterChild have cmbined knwledge?
B
(2024湖北武汉期中)
The creatin f life prvides scientists with sme f the mst difficult questins f mdern science. Why and hw did cells first appear? Was this likely t have happened under the cnditins then, r was it due t chance? Culd this happen in ther places in the universe?
A grup f scientists at University Cllege Lndn are trying t answer these questins. They started by studying the ways in which the first cells n Earth culd have been frmed. Next they will use a pwerful new telescpe t lk at places far away in the universe. The scientists hpe that the results will imprve ur understanding f the develpment f life n Earth and help us t find life n ther planets.
Prfessr Nick Lane, wh is in charge f the University Cllege Lndn team, suggested that 4 billin years ag warm water springs n the Earth's cean flr might have helped create life. Each spring cnsists f tiny cnnected hles that water passes thrugh. The team have created mdels f these springs in their lab. They have fund that springs encurage chemical reactins between hydrgen in the liquids and the carbn dixide in the sea water.
These reactins and changes shw us hw life n Earth and ther planets culd begin. When sea water ges thrugh tiny hles in the Earth's surface, it gets very ht and causes a chemical reactin with rcks. When this very ht water ges back up and meets the cld sea water again, ther chemical reactins ccur. Lane explains, the cnditins needed fr life are rck, water and carbn dixide.
Because the ingredients fr life are basic and shuld be fund all ver the universe, there is a gd chance that we culd sn find signs f life n ther planets. Furthermre, a new space satellite is ging t start helping with this search. The satellite “Twinkle” will be the first space satellite searching ther planets fr life.
A team frm University Cllege Lndn and Surrey Satellite Technlgy will send the satellite int space in the next few years. When an explanet passes in frnt f its star, sme f the light has t pass thrugh the gases arund that planet. Studying the light can help scientists t find ut abut the chemistry, temperature and weather cnditins f the planet. This will allw them t find planets which culd supprt life.
5.What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A.The scientists' rutine. B.The researchers' assumptin.
C.The research's principle. D.The research's prcess.
6.What des the underlined wrd “springs” prbably refer t in paragraph 3?
A.Seasns. B.Funtains. C.Jumps. D.Cracks.
7.Which f the fllwing can directly allw scientists t find places supprting life in the universe?
A.Using a pwerful telescpe.
B.Discvering all the explanets.
C.Sending a satellite int space.
D.Researching gases arund the planet.
8.What might be the authr's attitude twards finding life in space?
A.Subjective. B.Vague.
C.Negative. D.Optimistic.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ
类比启发
以字母f结尾,变复数时直接加-s的词:gulf海湾;rf屋顶,车顶;chief首领;serf农奴;belief信仰;cliff(常指海洋边的)悬崖,峭壁;brief任务简介,案情摘要。
2.Statistics 3.severe 4.pure 5.decreased
Ⅱ 考查介词。be linked t/with...意为“连接到……”。故填t或with。
2.n 考查介词。blame sth. n sb./sth.意为“把某事归咎于某人/某物”,故用介词n。
易错归因
本题容易错填fr,注意blame sb./sth. fr sth.“把某事归咎于某人/某物”与上面提到的blame sth. n sb./sth.的区别,fr后接的是所说的事情,n后接的是要责怪的人或物。
3.n 考查介词。 n the decrease意为“在减少”,故填n。
4.int 考查介词。句意:它的程序明确规定了一组规则来将一串符号转换成另一串符号。把……转换成……。故填 int。
5.carrying 考查动词-ing形式。suspect sb. f ding sth.意为“怀疑某人做某事”。故填carrying。
6.t handle 考查动词不定式。句意:由于这里没有人知道老人怎么了,所以我们必须请医生来处理这个问题。空格处前面的“send fr a dctr”的目的是处理问题,所以用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t handle。
7.that 考查结果状语从句。句意:他出了那么多错,以至于考试又一次不及格。空格处后面的“he failed the exam nce again”是“made s many mistakes”造成的结果,这里表示“如此……以至于……”,应用引导结果状语从句。故填that。
8.what 考查表语从句。空格处前面为系动词was,所以 I expected mst在句中作表语,空格后内容缺少宾语,表示“我最期待的东西”,故用连接代词what引导表语从句。
Ⅲ t 2.Thanks t 3.nce and fr all
Ⅳ rder that they can gain
2.①It was Tm wh did the experiment in the lab yesterday afternn.
②It was the experiment that Tm did in the lab yesterday afternn.
③It was in the lab that Tm did the experiment yesterday afternn.
④It was yesterday afternn that Tm did the experiment in the lab.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.a 考查冠词。此处指霍乱作为当时一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人的生命。这里表示“一种致命的疾病”,应用不定冠词表泛指,且type的发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。
2.determined 考查形容词。be determined t d...意为“下定决心做……”,故填determined。
3.pssibly 考查副词。设空处作状语修饰动词explained,应填副词pssibly,意为“可能地”。
4.subscribed 考查动词的时态。所述的事情发生在过去,所以此处应用一般过去时。故填subscribed。
5.investigatin 考查名词。设空处作have的宾语且由设空处前的不定冠词an可知应用名词investigatin。
6.which 考查定语从句的引导词。设空处前面是一个完整的句子且有逗号与后面隔开,设空处后面为谓语动词gave,由此推断设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语,修饰前面整个主句,故填which。
7.because 考查连词。此处指一些家庭没有死亡病例,因为这些人喝免费的啤酒,前后之间是因果关系,后面表示原因。故填because。
8.t blame 考查固定搭配。sth. be t blame意为“某物负有责任”,故填t blame。
9.t 考查介词。 lead t意为“导致”,为固定搭配。故填t。
10.was defeated 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处叙述过去发生的事,用一般过去时;提示词defeat与“King Chlera”之间为被动关系,用被动语态;且主语为“King Chlera”,由此可知谓语用单数。故填was defeated。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲的是科学家在月球上发现了水以及水在月球上存在的形式。
1.extremely 考查副词。空格处修饰形容词small,应用副词,故填extremely。
2.was cllected 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由in 2020可知,句子描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时;The dirt和所给提示词cllect之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;且dirt是不可数名词,故填was cllected。
3.which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词study指物,因此应用关系代词which。
4.width 考查名词。由the和f可知,空格处用名词,且根据语境可知这里指“宽度”,应用wide的名词形式width。故填width。
5.f 考查介词。billins f为固定短语,意为“数十亿的,大量的”。故填f。
6.researchers 考查名词的数。空格前有ne f,所以空格处用名词复数,故填researchers。
7.chsen 考查动词-ed形式。句中已有谓语,空格处用非谓语动词;beads和chse之间是逻辑上的被动关系,应用动词-ed形式。故填chsen。
8.that 考查同位语从句。句意:这项研究的结果提高了在未来的机器人任务中通过加热这些珠子来收集水的可能性。分析句子可知,空格处引导同位语从句,从句中不缺成分,且意思完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。
9.heating 考查动词-ing形式。by是介词,其后跟动词-ing形式作宾语。故填heating。
10.it 考查代词。it is pssible t d sth.是固定句型,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语。故填it。
【高频词汇】 1.discver v.发现 2.hit v.撞击,击中 3.exist v.存在 4.raise v.增加,提高 5.frm v.形成
【熟词生义】 mine v.开采;采矿
长难句
原句 The water is in extremely small glass beads that were fund in the dirt where many meterites have hit the mn.
分析 本句为主从复合句。The water beads为主句;that 引导定语从句,修饰先行词small glass beads;where引导地点状语从句。
译文 水在非常小的玻璃珠中,这些玻璃珠是在许多陨石撞击月球时产生的泥土中被发现的。
Ⅲ. A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了美国新开发的电脑程序SmarterChild以及它的功能和限制等。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知,SmarterChild可以回答年龄、家庭住址这类私人问题。故选D。
易错归因
本题中的A、B、C项均容易误选,属于事实细节混淆。由第四段第二句“T answer questins abut spelling, fr instance, SmarterChild ges t the American Heritage Dictinary nline.”可知,要回答关于拼写单词的问题,SmarterChild就去查阅在线词典,此处是“回答”问题而不是“写”单词,所以A项“写单词”不符合题意;由第二段第二句“He can recite many facts.”可知,SmarterChild能够详述许多事实,此处是“详述”而不是“记录”,所以B项的“记录事实”不符合题意;由第二段最后一句“Fr example, SmarterChild knws every baseball player in every team this seasn.”可知,SmarterChild认识本赛季每支球队的每一位棒球运动员,而不是会“叫运动员的名字”,所以C项与题意不符。故排除A、B、C项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Fr the weather, he visits ”可知,要想查询天气信息,SmarterChild可以访问。由此推知,是一个预报天气的网站。故选D。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“he lacks cmmn sense—a basic knwledge that is bvius t any yung child”可知,SmarterChild缺乏对任何小孩子来说都显而易见的常识。结合选项可推知,辨别是非行为的能力是小孩子具备的,但对缺乏这种能力的SmarterChild来说,辨别是非行为却是比较困难的。故选A。
学科思维
在正确选项不太容易选出时,可以依据生活经验来排除部分干扰项,这种做题方式称为排除法。本题中的B项“讲述美国政府的运作方式”是关于政治方面的内容,C项“提供莎士比亚写的一首著名诗歌”是关于文学方面的内容,由文中给出的SmarterChild可以利用网络的信息可知,它可以做到这两项内容,故排除;D项为“准确处理信息”,根据文章最后一段中的“SmarterChild can deal with infrmatin mre exactly”可知,SmarterChild能够准确处理信息,故排除。而A项提到的“辨别是非行为”属于感性的范畴,无生命的SmarterChild显然是不具备这项能力的,当然是比较难做到的。
4.C 主旨大意题。本篇文章是“总—分”结构:
由文章结构可知,第一段提出问题:计算机能有多智能? 接下来的第二、三、四、六、七段分析了SmarterChild的优缺点,所以“SmarterChild能有多智能?”是本文的最佳题目。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.intelligent adj.智能的;有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的 2.run int偶然遇到;碰到 3.majr adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究 4.cmbined adj.联合的;加在一起的 5.deal with处理;解决 6.lack v.& n.缺乏;短缺;没有
【熟词生义】 say v.比方说
长难句
原句 Furthermre, anther prblem is that while SmarterChild can deal with infrmatin mre exactly and faster than any human, he lacks cmmn sense—a basic knwledge that is bvius t any yung child.
分析 本句为主从复合句。anther prblem is为句子的主干部分,句中第一个that引导表语从句,其中连词while引导让步状语从句;句中第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词a basic knwledge。
译文 此外,另一个问题是,尽管SmarterChild能比任何人更准确、更快地处理信息,但它缺乏常识——一种对任何一个小孩子来说都很明显的基础知识。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们一直在寻找生命的起源。
5.D 主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“They started by studying the ways in which the first cells n Earth culd have been frmed.”可知,科学家们开始先研究地球上最早的细胞是如何形成的;再根据第二段第三句“Next they will use a pwerful new telescpe t lk at places far away in the universe.”可知,接下来,他们将使用一个强大的新望远镜来观察宇宙中遥远的地方。综上所述,第二段主要讲述了科学家为解决问题所做的事情,即讲述了研究的过程。故选D。
6.B 词义猜测题。根据下文“Each spring cnsists f tiny cnnected hles that water passes thrugh.”可知,spring由小洞连接而成,水可以从中流过。由此推测,spring指的是“喷泉”。故选B。
7.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A team frm University Cllege Lndn and Surrey Satellite Technlgy will send the satellite int space in the next few years.”和“This will allw them t find planets which culd supprt life.”可知,发送卫星到太空可以直接帮助科学家发现存在生命的地方。故选C。
8.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,我们很有可能很快在其他星球上找到生命的迹象,一颗新的太空卫星也可以帮助寻找生命。由此推断,作者对在太空中发现生命持乐观态度。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.appear vi.出现 2.be likely t d可能做…… 3.cnditins n.[pl.]情况 4.understanding n.理解 5.cnsist f由……组成 6.reactin n.化学反应;反应
【熟词生义】 1.chance n.偶然;可能性 2.flr n.(海等的)底;(森林等的)地面
长难句
原句 Prfessr Nick Lane, wh is in charge f the University Cllege Lndn team, suggested that 4 billin years ag warm water springs n the Earth's cean flr might have helped create life.
分析 本句为主从复合句。wh引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Prfessr Nick Lane;that引导宾语从句,作suggested的宾语。
译文 负责伦敦大学学院研究小组的尼克·莱恩教授认为,40亿年前,地球海洋底部的温泉可能帮助创造了生命。