高中Unit 1 Science and Scientists精练

这是一份高中Unit 1 Science and Scientists精练，共25页。试卷主要包含了He is utging，　　　　　　10，lst　考查动词的时态等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.(2020天津)“Small des nt mean weak, sir,” she (辩解) herself.
2.(2019天津)I thught anything (抽象的) left t much rm fr argument.
3.The player's perfrmance left a deep impressin n everyne present.
4.He is utging. B , he is kind. He always steps up whenever smene needs help.
5.T adapt t the rapid ecnmic develpment, China has put frward sme new (观念) f develpment.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.(2024山西跨市联考)The sun was shining (brilliant), with cluds dancing in the blue sky.
2.(2023北京)In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching ther ranking factrs.
3.All ur plicemen are trained t defend themselves knife attacks.
4.The prbable relatinship between the speakers is shp (assist) and custmer.
5.It has been argued that (gift) children shuld be gruped in special classes.
6.In the beginning, he asked if I culd assist him learning hw t use chpsticks.
7.I (vivid) remember walking int a rm and hearing a child's beautiful singing when I was fur.
8.And, as s ften in China when smene cmes up with a gd idea, many thers fld in and price wars break .
Ⅲ.一词多义
A.把手 B.影响 C.订阅 D.传染 E.操纵,使用 F.同意
1.Garden tls can be dangerus if carelessly handled.
2.Yu have t turn the handle and then pull it twards yu.
3.I subscribe t the view that children benefit frm being independent.
4.Every year I subscribe t sme English magazines fr my daughter t read.
5.Fr a mment, I was infected by her fear f the exam.
6.Officials say that few citizens are infected with the virus wing t effective preventin nw.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.一位新经理将负责这个部门。(charge;一句多译)
①A new manager will be this department.
②A new manager will this department.
③This department will be a new manager.
2.她是一位如此善良的老师,我们都尊敬她并认真听她讲课。(一句多译)
①She is respect her and listen t her carefully.()
②She is respect her and listen t her carefully.()
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
As we knw, scientists have many excellent qualities. We can take Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking 1 example.
Qian Xuesen, 2 served his hmeland with effrt, achievement, and devtin, was a well-respected man. In 1935, he went t the US fr further study and then wrked there. After 3 (vercme) sme difficulties, he returned t China in 1955, and was respnsible fr many majr scientific research prjects. 4 (face) with challenges, Qian didn't feel discuraged. Under 5 (he) leadership, China develped its wn missiles, rckets, and man-made satellites 6 (success). Qian was knwledgeable. Hwever, what made him an utstanding 7 creative scientist was prbably his interest in ther things like music and drawing, which gave him 8 (inspire) in scientific research.
Stephen Hawking was ne f the mst famus and 9 (gift) scientists in physics. He came dwn with a disease and 10 (lse) the use f mst f his muscles. He was brilliant, brave, and determined, and he was willing t admit his faults.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024湖北宜都一中期中)
In Xi Cunty, lcated in Linfen, Shanxi Prvince, a smart pear rchard(果园) 1 (stretch) fr 33.3 hectares(公顷) has been develped with the 2 (assist) f the Shanxi Academy f Agricultural Sciences.
In this rchard, every pear is given 3 unique QR cde that enables mnitring f the entire grwth prcess. “The QR cde serves 4 an ID card, recrding the life f a pear,” said Wang Yib, an agriculture fficial frm the cunty.
5 (establish) in 2020, the smart rchard is perated with the help f cutting-edge technlgies such as the Internet, big data, clud cmputing and the Internet f Things. There are 64 villages in the cunty 6 rely n pears as their primary industry, accunting fr 80 percent f the farmers' incme.
S far, the cunty 7 (build) a smart agriculture integratin platfrm made up f 12 systems, including water-fertilizer 8 (integrate) management, disease and insect mnitring, and mnitring and evaluatin f the quality f the land.
Accrding t Wang, the platfrm nt nly helps with steady prductin but als 9 (prmte) sales, as its tracking system can cllect first-hand marketing feedback data. Abve all, pear farmers can learn abut the market demand thrugh the system t 10 (accurate) identify their custmers and carry ut targeted prmtins.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2023浙江杭州期中)
It seems that peple cannt really agree n the questin f “What's s funny?” S imagine trying t teach a rbt hw t laugh. But that's exactly what a team f researchers at Kyt University in Japan are trying t design—an AI rbt that takes its cues thrugh a shared laughter system. The scientists describe their innvative apprach t building a funny bne fr the Japanese andrid “Erica” in the latest issue f the jurnal Frntiers in Rbtics and AI.
“We think that ne f the imprtant functins f cnversatinal AI is empathy(共鸣),” explained lead authr Dr Kji Inue, an assistant prfessr at Kyt University in the Department f Intelligence Science and Technlgy within the Graduate Schl f Infrmatics. “One way a rbt can empathize with users is t share their laughter.”
In the shared-laughter mdel, a human initially laughs and the AI system respnds with laughter as an empathetic respnse. This apprach required the scientists t design three subsystems—ne t detect laughter, a secnd t decide whether t laugh, and a third t chse the apprpriate type f laughter. The type f laughter is als imprtant, because in sme cases a plite chuckle may be mre apprpriate than a lud snrt f laughter.
The team tested Erica's new sense f humr by creating fur different shrt dialgues between a persn and Erica with her new shared-laughter system. Then they asked mre than 130 peple in ttal t listen t each dialgue in the three different cnditins—the shared-laughter system, n laughter, all laughter—and evaluated the interactin based n human-likeness, naturalness and understanding. The shared-laughter system perfrmed better than either baseline.
“Rbts shuld actually have a distinct character, and we think that they can shw this thrugh their cnversatinal behavir, such as laughing, eye gazing, gesturing and the speaking style,” Inue added. “We d nt think that this is an easy prblem at all, and it may well take mre than 10 years befre we can nce and fr all have a casual chat with a rbt like we wuld with a friend.”
1.What's the purpse f raising the questin “What's s funny?” at the beginning?
A.T shw pinins n funny things.
B.T stress the difficulty f teaching a rbt t laugh.
C.T encurage readers t share their ideas.
D.T emphasize the imprtance f being funny.
2.Which f the fllwing explains the underlined phrase “a funny bne” in Paragraph 1?
A.A sense f humr. B.A shared-laughter system. C.A speaking style. D.A distinct character.
3.What is NOT needed in the research n the shared-laughter system?
A.Designing the subsystem t decide whether t laugh.
B.Assessing the interactin based n emtins.
C.Creating brief cnversatins between a human and Erica.
D.Asking peple t listen t the previusly created dialgues.
4.What is Inue's attitude twards cnversatinal AI?
A.Indifferent. B.Suspicius.
C.Optimistic. D.Objective.
Ⅳ.七选五
(2023北京海淀区月考)
In science, advances are a daily ccurrence, but true breakthrughs are rare. What des it take t achieve wrld-changing scientific breakthrughs? Sme are the result f a lucky accident, cmbined with curisity. Scientists traveling dwn ne rad suddenly find reasn t switch t anther rad, ne they have never planned t travel—a rad that may well lead nwhere.
1 One day, usually initially in their career, they get an idea they can't stp thinking abut. It's crazy, they say t themselves, but is it really impssible? They talk t respected clleagues wh ften remind them f all the reasns that their ideas might nt wrk, and hw damaging this culd be t their career. Yet, the idea wn't die and they are determined t travel that rad—a rad that may well lead nwhere. 2
Whichever rad scientists wh achieve lifesaving breakthrughs travel, they ften endure disinterest, like Fleming, wh discvered penicillin(青霉素) due t lucky accidents and curisity, r repeated skepticism and rejectin, like Karikó, wh made all mRNA vaccines pssible with 20 years f persistence and resilience. By bringing their dreams t life, they were rewarded with fame, wealth and smething even mre valuable. 3
Of curse, the bsessin(痴迷) with an unlikely dream fails t pay ff fr many scientists. 4 Nature desn't turn ut t perate the way they have predicted it. In the end, their beautiful thery is killed by brutal facts. Fr thse dreamers n the right track, they wuld have achieved their dreams—if nly they had dne the experiment a little differently, if nly they had persisted a little lnger, r if nly the supprt fr their wrk had nt run ut.
Ultimately, scientific breakthrughs are pssible nly if a sciety is willing t invest in dreamers, recgnizing that nt all investments will lead t majr breakthrughs. 5 Abve all, the investments prevent suffering and death and change the wrld.
A.Sme scientists are addicted t their crazy ideas.
B.Their ideas, thugh brilliant, in the end are prved wrng.
C.But they refuse t give in and struggle t find mre financial supprt.
D.Because f them, millins f peple arund the wrld avided getting sick r death.
E.Other majr breakthrughs riginate frm scientists pursuing a specific idea.
F.But smetimes the rad leads t majr breakthrughs like X-rays and vaccines.
G.Hwever, the investments leading t breakthrughs bring a greater ecnmic return.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅴ.读后续写
(2024山东莱西一中期中)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jack was a bright and curius child, always eager t learn new things and explre the mysterius wrld abut science. Hwever, he ften fund himself in disagreement with his mther. His mther was always busy with her wrk and she didn't have enugh time t learn abut his interests and passins.
One day, Jack came hme frm schl feeling particularly excited. He just fund a sci-fi bk abut an adventure n the mn. Upn arriving at hme, he culdn't tear himself away frm the bk. He read and read until it was dark. Having finished reading it, he culdn't wait t share it with his mther, nly t be tld that he shuld fcus n mre practical subjects like math and histry, which wuld help him get int a gd cllege and have a successful career.
Jack culdn't understand why his mther didn't see the value in what he was ding. He felt that she was hlding him back and nt allwing him t pursue his true interests. “Why can't yu see hw imprtant this is t me?” Jack asked his mther angrily. “I'm never ging t be happy if I have t spend my life ding things that I shw n interest in just because they are practical r make yu prud.”
The nce peaceful hme was filled with tensin and anger. His mther's vice grew luder as she shuted, “Yu can't just d whatever yu want! Yu shuld be respnsible fr yur future!” Jack, fueled by his wn frustratin, sht back, “I am tired f yu always telling me what t d! I am nt a child anymre! Yu nly care abut yur wn feelings! Yu never thught abut my feelings!” They were s caught up in their wn anger and hurt that they failed t see hw their wrds and actins were affecting each ther.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Jack rushed int his bedrm and lcked the dr heavily.





When Jack heard his mther's wrds, regretful tears rlled dwn his face.





答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part 3 Using Language, Assessing Yur Prgress & Vide
基础过关练
Ⅰ 2.abstract 3.utstanding 4.Besides 5.cncepts
Ⅱ 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语was shining,应用副词作状语,故填brilliantly。
2.t 考查介词。表示“将……从……转移到……”。故填t。
3.frm/against 考查介词。为固定搭配,表示“保护……免受……的伤害”。故填frm或against。
4.assistant 考查名词。设空处与custmer是and连接的并列成分,所以设空处也应用名词。shp assistant意为“店员,售货员”。故填assistant。
5.gifted 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词children,应用形容词作定语,故填gifted。
6.in 考查介词。 assist sb. in ding sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”。故填in。
7.vividly 考查副词。设空处修饰动词remember,应用副词作状语,故填vividly。
8.ut 考查副词。break ut意为“(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)爆发”,为固定短语。故填ut。
Ⅲ.1.E 句意:园艺工具如果不小心使用会很危险。
2.A 句意:你必须转动把手,然后把它拉向你。
3.F 句意:我赞同这样一种观点,即孩子们从独立中受益。
4.C 句意:我每年都订阅一些英文杂志给我女儿看。
5.B 句意:有那么一会儿,我被她对考试的恐惧影响了。
6.D 句意:官员们表示,由于有效的预防,现在很少有市民感染这种病毒。
Ⅳ.1.①in charge f ②take charge f ③in the charge f 2.①s kind a teacher that we all ②such a kind teacher that we all
能力提升练
Ⅰ 考查介词。 example表示“以……为例”。故填fr。
2.wh 考查定语从句。 设空处无提示词,且前面有逗号,前面是Qian Xuesen,“ 2 served his hmeland with effrt, achievement, and devtin”中缺少主语,此处指钱学森以自己的努力、成就和献身精神为祖国服务,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Qian Xuesen。故填wh。
3.vercming 考查动词-ing形式。设空处前的After为介词,其后应接动词-ing形式,故填vercming。
4.Faced 考查动词-ed形式。be faced with...意为“面临/面对……”,设空处作状语,应用动词-ed形式。故填Faced。
5.his 考查形容词性物主代词。设空处作定语修饰名词leadership,应用形容词性物主代词。故填his。
6.successfully 考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰谓语动词develped,应用副词。故填successfully。
7.and 考查并列连词。设空处连接两个并列的形容词utstanding和creative,结合语境可知此处应用and。
8.inspiratin 考查名词。设空处作gave的直接宾语,应用名词。故填inspiratin。
9.gifted 考查形容词。设空处作定语,修饰其后的名词scientists,应用形容词。故填gifted。
10.lst 考查动词的时态。该句中and连接两个并列的谓语动词,由and前面的came可知此处也应用一般过去时。故填lst。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了位于山西省临汾市隰县的一个智能梨园。
1.stretching 考查动词-ing形式。句中已有谓语动词且无连词,提示词stretch与空前的名词短语pear rchard之间为主动关系,因此应用动词-ing形式作定语。故填stretching。
2.assistance 考查名词。with the assistance f...意为“在……的帮助下”,为固定搭配。故填assistance。
3.a 考查冠词。设空处修饰后面的名词短语QR cde,表示泛指,cde在这里为可数名词且空后的unique的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
4.as 考查介词。serve as意为“充当……”,为固定搭配。故填as。
5.Established 考查动词-ed形式。句中已有谓语动词且无连词,提示词与其逻辑主语the smart rchard之间为被动关系,因此应用动词-ed形式作状语。故填Established。
6.that/which 考查关系词。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中充当主语,先行词villages指物,应用that或which引导定语从句。
7.has built 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处为句子的谓语;根据语境和句中的时间状语S far可知,应用现在完成时;且主语the cunty为单数意义,谓语应用单数。故填has built。
8.integrated 考查形容词。设空处作定语,修饰名词management,应用形容词。故填integrated。
9.prmtes 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的helps是由nt als...连接的并列谓语动词,因此设空处也应用一般现在时,且用第三人称单数形式。故填prmtes。
10.accurately 考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰动词identify,应用副词。故填accurately。
【高频词汇】 1.unique adj.唯一的 2.mnitr v.监测
3.rely n 依赖;依靠 4.primary adj.主要的;基本的
5.evaluatin n.评价 6.carry ut进行;实行
【差距词汇】 cutting-edge adj.尖端的
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了日本京都大学的研究人员设计了一个带有共享笑声系统的人工智能机器人,它可以对人类的笑声作出适当的反应,在对话中建立共鸣。
1.B 推理判断题。第一段前两句谈到好像人们不能在“什么事这么好笑?”这个问题上取得一致意见。所以想象一下试图教机器人笑。后文介绍了教机器人笑的原因以及研究人员为此所做的很多工作。最后一段最后一句“We d nt think that this is an easy prblem at all...”说明了教机器人笑的难度。由此可知,在一开始就提出“什么事这么好笑?”这个问题的目的是强调教机器人笑的难度大。故选B。
2.A 词义猜测题。画线短语所在句意为“科学家在Frntiers in Rbtics and AI期刊最新的一期上描述了他们为日本机器人‘Erica’创建 a funny bne的创新方法”。结合第四段第一句“The team tested Erica's new sense f humr by creating...”可知,画线短语a funny bne有“幽默感”之意。故选A。B项意为“一个共享笑声系统”;C项意为“一种说话风格”;D项意为“一种鲜明的性格”。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“This apprach required the scientists t design three subsystems—ne t detect laughter, a secnd t decide whether t laugh...”可排除A项;根据第四段内容可知,研究小组用 Erica新的共享笑声系统,在一个人和Erica之间创建了四段不同的简短对话,以此来测试Erica的新幽默感。然后,他们让130多人在三种不同的条件下(共享笑声系统、无笑声、全笑声)听每段对话,并根据与人的相似度、自然度和理解力来评估这些交流。由此可排除C、D两项。故选B。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段Inue的话“Rbts shuld actually have a distinct it may well take mre than 10 years befre we can nce and fr all have a casual chat with a rbt like we wuld with a friend.”可知,Inue实事求是地分析了机器人的研究和发展趋势,由此推断,Inue对对话式人工智能的态度是客观的。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.design v.设计 n.设计方案 2.apprach n.方法 v.接近 3.functin n.功能 v.起作用 4.respnd v.回应 respnse n.反应 5.evaluate v.评价
6.perfrm v.运转;表现
【熟词生义】 issue n.一期;期号
【差距词汇】 1.chuckle n.轻声笑 2.snrt n.(表示气愤或被逗乐的)喷鼻息,哼 3.may well很可能
长难句
原句 We d nt think that this is an easy prblem at all, and it may well take mre than 10 years befre we can nce and fr all have a casual chat with a rbt like we wuld with a friend.
分析 本句为并列复合句,句中的第一个and连接前后两个并列分句。第一个分句中,think后是由that引导的宾语从句。第二个分句中,连词befre引导时间状语从句;like用作连词,引导方式状语从句,从句中wuld后省略了have a casual chat。
译文 我们认为这完全不是一个简单的问题,很可能需要十年以上的时间我们才能最终像与朋友随意聊天一样与机器人随意聊天。
Ⅳ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。在科学领域,很多突破源于幸运的意外,有时源于科学家的不断追求和不放弃,作者认识到,只有当社会愿意投资于这些梦想家并且认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破时,才有可能获得改变世界的科学突破。
1.E 主旨句。第一段第二、三句谈到“怎样才能获得改变世界的科学突破呢?有些是幸运的意外加上好奇心的结果”。E项“其他重大突破源于科学家对特定想法的追求”与上一段形成照应,构成“”结构,且空格处后面的内容展开阐释了空格处的内容,所以E项符合语境。故选E。
2.F 细节句。空格处前一句意为“但是,这个想法不会消亡,他们决心走那条路——一条很可能一无所获的路”。由本段主题句(第1空)可知,本段主要讲科学家对特定想法的追求可能会取得改变世界的科学突破,所以在讲完科学家对特定想法的追求可能产生的不良结果后,还需说明可能产生的有价值的结果(这是重点),F项“但有时这条路会带来重大突破,如X光和疫苗”与上句构成转折关系,与前面的“一无所获”的结果相反,符合语境。故选F。
3.D 细节句。上文介绍了弗莱明发现青霉素,考里科使所有mRNA疫苗成为可能,通过实现自己的梦想,这些科学家获得了名利和更宝贵的东西。D项“正因为他们,全世界数百万人避免了生病或死亡”符合本段语境。故选D。
4.B 细节句。空前句谈到对许多科学家来说,痴迷于一个不太可能的梦并没有得到回报,结合空后两句“事实证明,大自然并不像他们预测的那样运作。最终,他们美丽的理论被残酷的事实扼杀”可推知,B项“他们的想法虽然很棒,但最终被证明是错误的”与上下文关系密切,符合语境。故选B。
5.G 细节句。设空处与前后文构成的语意结构为:归根结底,只有一个社会愿意投资于梦想家,认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破,科学突破才有可能实现→ 5 →最重要的是,投资可以防止痛苦和死亡,并改变世界。G项“然而,导致突破的投资会带来更大的经济回报”与上文的“并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破”形成转折,同时,与下文形成递进关系,符合语境。故选G。
【高频词汇】 1.advance n.进步 v.前进 2.breakthrugh n.重大进展;突破 3.rare adj.稀少的;珍贵的
4.cmbine v.(使)结合,混合 5.switch v.(使)改变;转换 n.开关;转换器;改变 6.remind v.提醒;使想起
7.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的 8.predict v.预测;预料
【差距词汇】 1.endure v.忍耐 2.resilience n.适应力 3.brutal adj.冷酷的,残暴的 4.be n the right track思路正确
长难句
原句 Whichever rad scientists wh achieve lifesaving breakthrughs travel, they ften endure disinterest, like Fleming, wh discvered penicillin due t lucky accidents and curisity, r repeated skepticism and rejectin, like Karikó, wh made all mRNA vaccines pssible with 20 years f persistence and resilience.
分析 本句为主从复合句。后面两个关系代词wh都引导非限制性定语从句,分别修饰先行词Fleming和Karikó;Whichever引导让步状语从句,其中的关系代词wh引导定语从句,修饰先行词scientists。
译文 无论取得拯救生命的突破的科学家们走哪条路,他们通常都忍受着冷漠,比如弗莱明,他由于幸运的意外和好奇心发现了青霉素,或者忍受着反复的怀疑和拒绝,比如考里科,她用20年的坚持和适应力使所有mRNA疫苗成为可能。
Ⅴ.
One pssible versin:
Jack rushed int his bedrm and lcked the dr heavily. He lay in bed, huddling under the quilt. What he really wanted t d was cut himself ff frm the whle wrld, especially frm his mther. He culdn't figure ut why his mther didn't understand him and why she frced him t d smething he didn't like. Slwly, he fell asleep while thinking. Suddenly he was awakened, hearing his mther's vice utside the dr, which was filled with aplgies and tenderness. His mther prmised him that she wuld respect his interests in the future.
When Jack heard his mther's wrds, regretful tears rlled dwn his face. He realized that everything his mther did was ttally fr the sake f his future and what he said hurt his mther's heart hard. It ccurred t him that he had never shwed his gratitude t his mther. He culdn't wait t pen the dr and say thank yu t his mther, wh was standing in the drway. He als prmised his mther that he wuld study hard in practical subjects. Finally, misunderstanding cleared, they hugged each ther tightly with a jyful smile.
写作指导
情节线
情感线
故事要素
时间
某天Jack放学回家后
对科幻小说
非常感兴趣
兴奋、满怀期待
委屈
生气
Jack将妈妈
拒之门外时
是什么感受?
(生气?难过?)
听到妈妈的话后,
Jack是什么反应?
(理解?懊悔?)
地点
在家里
人物
Jack和Jack的妈妈
情节
开端
热爱科学的小男孩Jack兴冲冲地想和妈妈分享他读到的科幻故事时,Jack的妈妈没有倾听他的科幻故事,反而责备他没有把精力集中在实用性学科上。
发展
Jack希望妈妈可以理解自己的热爱和兴趣,而Jack的妈妈希望Jack可以规划自己的未来,不要为所欲为,他们抒发着对彼此的不满和愤怒。
续写方向
Para. 1
Jack冲进卧室,重重地锁上了门。
①Jack此时此刻心里在想什么?
②妈妈平静下来后,在门口和Jack说了些什么?
Para. 2
当Jack听到母亲的话时,悔恨的泪水从他的脸上滚落下来。
①Jack听到妈妈的话后有何感想?
②Jack和妈妈和好了吗?他做了什么?