高考英语一轮复习专题二阅读理解课件

这是一份高考英语一轮复习专题二阅读理解课件，共26页。PPT课件主要包含了题型要求，命题分析，常见的表示态度的词，最佳选项等内容，欢迎下载使用。
阅读部分第一节共 15 小题，每小题 2.5 分。要求考生根据所提供的 4 篇短文内容，从每小题所给的 4 个选项中选出最佳选项。
2021—2023 年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读理解 A—D 篇体裁与考查形式
高考英语阅读理解文章的文体类型主要有：记叙文、说明文、应用文和论述文。不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次，也有着不同的解题技巧。
高考阅读理解的考查形式主要有四大类：细节理解题、推理
判断题、主旨大意题、词义/句意猜测题。
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解 D)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn publisheda paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdmf crwds” effect.The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwedthat in sme cases, the average f a large number f independentestimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalises n the fact that when peple make errrs,thse errrs aren't always the same.Sme peple will tend tverestimate, and sme t underestimate.When enugh f these errrsare averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mreaccurate estimate.If peple are similar and tend t make the sameerrrs, then their errrs wn't cancel each ther ut.In mre technicalterms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple's estimates beindependent.If fr whatever reasns, peple's errrs becme crrelatedr dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting
twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn.The key finding f the study
was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups thatwere allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grupswere mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independentindividuals.Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates ffur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than theaverage btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researcherstried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did intheir discussin.Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abuttheir estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change theirminds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn't the dminantrespnse.Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “sharedarguments and reasned tgether”.Smehw, these arguments andreasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr.Althugh the studiesled by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, theptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making areenrmus.
本文是一篇说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下，大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
1.What is Paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?A.The methds f estimatin.
B.The underlying lgic f the causes f peple's errrs.
D.The design f Galtn's experiment.
主旨大意题。根据第二段的“This effect capitalises n the
fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren't always thesame.Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme tunderestimate.When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether,they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate.Ifpeple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrswn't cancel each ther ut.In mre technical terms, the wisdm fcrwds requires that peple's estimates be independent.If fr whateverreasns, peple's errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracyf the estimate will g dwn.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，
或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选 B。
2.Navajas' study fund that the average accuracy culd increase
even if ________.
A.the crwds were relatively small
B.there were ccasinal underestimatesC.individuals did nt cmmunicate
D.estimates were nt fully independent
细节理解题。根据第二段的“In mre technical terms, the
wisdm f crwds requires that peple's estimates be independent.(从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。)”和第三段的“The key finding f the study was that when crwds werefurther divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have adiscussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate thanthse frm an equal number f independent individuals.Fr instance,the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups ffive was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm
20 independent individuals.(这项研究的关键发现，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从 20 个独立个体获得的平均值更准确。)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小的群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，也是可以做到提高准确率的。故选 D。
3.What did the fllw-up study fcus n?A.The size f the dminant discussin individual estimates.
C 推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a fllw-up study with 100
university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f whatthe grup members actually did in their discussin.Did they tend t gwith thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse
least willing t change their minds? (在一项针对 100 名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗？)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选 C。