初中英语2025届中考语法复习动词和动词时态知识讲解

这是一份初中英语2025届中考语法复习动词和动词时态知识讲解，共4页。学案主要包含了动词用法，动词时态讲解，句型等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、动词用法
（一）动词的意义：
动词是表示动作的词。
（二）动词的用法：
1.动词用来做谓语，放在主语后，各种时态的变化主要用动词的各种形式来表达。如：
Study is teaching yu an imprtant lessn.
这个句子中，teach做谓语，放在主语study后，用be ding形式来表达现在进行时态。
二、动词时态讲解
考点一 一般现在时态
一）表示经常发生的习惯性的动作，或表示客观真理。如：
Eating vegetables is a gd way t stay healthy.
吃蔬菜是一个保持身体健康的好方法。
二）在条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时态表示将来。如：
If yu have any questin, please ask me.
如果你有任何问题，请问我。
三）标志：ften, usually, always, smetimes, in the mrning, every day, at night, n Sundays 等
四）结构讲解：
主语 + 动词原形或第三人称单数形式+ 其它。如：
(1) 谓语是be
陈述形式：
1.It's 5 kilmeters frm my schl.
2.The ruler is 10 centimeters lng.
3.Her birthday is n July 8.
一般疑问形式及回答：
1.Is it 5 kilmeters frm my schl? Yes，it is./ N, it isn’t.
2.Is the ruler 10 centimeters lng?Yes，it is./ N, it isn’t.
3.Is her birthday n July 8? Yes，it is./ N, it isn’t.
就划线部分提问：
1.Hw far is it frm yur schl?
2.Hw many centimeters lng is the ruler?
3.When is her birthday?
(2) 谓语是实意动词(就主语提问,特殊疑问词后直接抄下来.wh,what 做主语,谓语用第三人称单数)
陈述句：
1.She gets up at 7.(what time, when)
2.The children always sing this sng.
一般疑问句：
1.Des she get up at 7? Yes, she des./ N, she desn’t.
2.D the children always sing this sng? Yes, they d./ N, they dn’t.
就划线部分提问：
1.What time des she get up?
2.What d they always d?
(3) 句子中有情态动词(can, must, may, shuld, need...)(情态动词+动词原形)(就动词提问用)
陈述句：
1.She can swim.
2.Yu must eat this cake.
一般疑问句：
1.Can she swim? Yes, she can./ N, she can’t.
2.Must I eat this cake? Yes, yu must./ N, yu needn’t.
考点二 一般过去时态
一）意义：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
二） 标志：yesterday, the day befre yesterday, last mnth, three weeks ag, in 1989, the ther day, just nw, three days later等。
三）结构：主语+ 动词的过去式+其它
陈述句：
1.My mther learned English well when she was at cllege.
2.I finished my hmewrk just nw.
一般疑问句：
1.Did yur mther learn English well when she was at cllege? Yes, she did./ N, she didn’t.
2.Did yu finish yur hmewrk just nw? Yes, I did./ N, I didn’t.
特殊疑问句：
1.What did yur mther learn well when she was at cllege?
2.When did yu finish yur hmewrk ?
考点三 一般将来时态
一）意义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
二）标志: tmrrw, the day after tmrrw, sn, in a week（用hw sn提问）, next week， at nce, right nw, in a minute, sn, right away
三）g, cme, leave, arrive, fly, start 经常用现在进行时态表示将来。如：
I am flying t Beijing tmrrw.
四）结构：主语+ will/ be ging t + 动词原形+其它。或主语+ be ding +其它。如：
陈述句：
1.They will g t Beijing tmrrw.
2.My parents are ging t get back in ne week.
一般疑问句：
1.Will they g t Beijing tmrrw? Yes, they will./ N, they wn’t.
2.Are yur parents ging t get back in ne week? Yes, they are./ N, they aren’t.
特殊疑问句：
1.Where will they g tmrrw?
2.Hw sn are yur parents ging t get back ?
考点四 现在进行时态
一）意义：表示此时此刻或现阶段正在发生的动作。
二）标志：nw, at the mment, these days, Lk! Listen!
三）结构：主语+ be ding +其它。如：
陈述句：
1.I am learning English this year.
2.They are having lunch at schl nw.
一般疑问句：
1.Are yu learning English this year? Yes, I am./ N, I’m nt.
2.Are they having lunch at schl nw? Yes, they are./ N, they aren’t.
特殊疑问句：
1.When are yu learning English?
2.Where are they having lunch nw?
考点五 过去进行时态
一） 意义：表示过去正在进行的动作。
二）标志：at that time, at this time yesterday, at nine last night, 以及when, while 引导的时间状语从句中。
如：What were yu ding at this time yesterday?
She was cking when I came back.
三） 结构：
陈述句：
1.She was watching TV at this time yesterday.
2.We were dancing while my mther was cking.
一般疑问句：
特殊疑问句：
考点六 现在完成时态
一）意义：
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。
2.表示过去已经开始，延续到现在的动作和状态。
二） 标志：already, yet, never, just, befre, s far, up t nw, till nw, by nw, in/during the past/last tw years, in/during the last/past three days, lately, recently, hardly, hardly ever, these three days, twice（次数），fr tw years, since 1989, since she was brn, since tw years ag, since then, ever since then, hw lng
三） 注意：
1.句子中有fr +一段时间，或since +一点时间或hw lng时，要求其动词用延续性动词。如：
jin --- be in, buy--- have, lend --- keep, brrw --- keep, die--- be dead, begin/ start --- be n, leave --- be away, get a cld --- have a cld, get lst --- be lst, finish/ end --- be ver, hear frm --- have a letter frm
说明：g, cme, get, turn, becme不能延续，由它们构成的词组不能延续。
2.have gne t 去了
3.have been t 去过 句中有次数，用这个词组。
4.have been in 在某处 句中有一段时间，用这个词组。
5.when, where 一般不用现在完成时态，但可以说Where has she gne? Where has she been?
6.It’s + 一段时间 + since + 句子（一般过去时态）
= It has been一段时间 + since + 句子（一般过去时态）
= 一段时间 + has passed since +句子（一般过去时态）
如：
It’s tw years since we met last.= It has been tw years since we met last.= Tw years has passed since we met last.
四） 结构：主语+ have/ has + 动词过去分词+其它。如：
陈述句：
1.I have seen it twice already.
2.I have been here fr nly a few minutes.
一般疑问句：
1.Have yu seen it twice already? Yes, I have./ N, I haven’t.
2.Have yu been here fr nly a few minutes? Yes, I have./ N, I haven’t.
特殊疑问句：
1.Hw many times have yu seen it already?
2.Hw lng have yu been here ?
考点七 过去完成时态
一、意义：表示过去以前发生的动作或存在的状态。
二、标志：be the time + 句子（一般过去时态）；by the end f + 过去时间点
三、句型： 主语+ had+动词过去分词+其它,或用when, befre连接。如：
陈述句：
1.The rainstrm had passed by the end f last night.
2.When I gt t the airprt, the plane had already taken ff.
一般疑问句：
1.Had the rainstrm passed by the end f last night? Yes, it had./ N, it hadn’t.
2.Had the plane already taken ff when yu gt t the airprt? Yes, it had./ N, it hadn’t.
特殊疑问句：
1.When had the rainstrm passed ?
2.When had the plane taken ff yet?
考点八 动词的各种构成形式
一） 动词的第三人称单数
1.一般加s;
2.以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变成i加es;
study, studies
3.以s, x, ch, sh结尾的，加es;
reach, wish, watch, push, rush, finish, guess, search, miss, kiss, fix
二） 动词的过去式过去分词
1.一般直接加ed;
2.以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变成i加ed;
cry, study, fly, try, cpy, reply, wrry, marry, fry, carry, empty
3.以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后一个字母，加ed;
stp, trip, drp, plan, prefer,
stpped, tripped, drpped, planned, preferred
4.不规则动词：见人教版课本九年级不规则动作表。
三） 动词的ing形式的构成规则：
1.一般加ing。如：
eating, sleeping
2.以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后一个字母，加ing。如：
stpping，preferring，tripping， drpping，fitting，planning，beginning，running， swimming，getting, letting, putting, sitting, stpping, tripping, cutting, hitting, setting, winning, digging, shutting , regretting
3.以不发音的e结尾的，去掉e加ing。如：
clse --- clsing, take --- taking
4.特殊单词：
tie tying die dying lie lying