2025届高中英语译林版全程复习构想检测课时作业(二)

这是一份2025届高中英语译林版全程复习构想检测课时作业(二)，共8页。

[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，B]When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancercausing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ecmachine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ecmachine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuselike facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1，600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ecmachine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr，” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what's happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t selfrepair.”

1．What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．He was fnd f traveling.
B．He enjyed being alne.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He lnged t be a dctr.
2．Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A．T feed the animals.
B．T build an ecsystem.
C．T prtect the plants.
D．T test the ecmachine.
3．What is the authr's purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A.T review Jhn's research plans.
B．T shw an applicatin f Jhn's idea.
C．T cmpare Jhn's different jbs.
D．T erase dubts abut Jhn's inventin.
4．What is the basis fr Jhn's wrk?
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water t survive.
C．Life n Earth is diverse.
D．Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
B
[2024·山东省泰安市模拟英语试题]Chinese scientists say they have fund a slutin t help the CR450 bullet train run smthly at 400 km/h by 2025.
China's fastest trains currently reach a tp speed f arund 350 km/h and passengers usually have an extremely smth experience, but that desn't make it get__cmplacent. The cuntry planned t launch a new bullet train mdel by 2025 that can run 400 km/h—a speed that nly sme cmmercial super cars like the Bugatti Veyrn can run.
At such high speed, even a small cllisin (碰撞) can cause the whle train t shake. Cntinuus vibratins (振动) can make passengers seasick. The team led by Prfessr Shi Jin frm Beijing Jiatng University said the prblem culd be slved by adjusting the height f the rails by just a few millimeters at sme sensitive pints. Shi's team ran tests n a test line, and the results shwed that their methd really wrked.
“As trains g faster, the interactin between wheels and tracks increases, making existing measures t reduce ride vibratins less effective，” Shi said. Accrding t the team's calculatins, the vibratin felt by passengers during a 400 km/h trip will be 5% higher than at present. That might seem like a small difference, but it can increase the wavelength f the vibratins felt alng the train by 15%. If nt effectively cntrlled, this can make passengers uncmfrtable during the jurney, even unsafe. Research shws that lifting sleepers by just a few millimeters can resist this impact.
Trains with different speeds can perate n the same track, but each speed setting requires different sleepers. Existing Chinese safety standards allw nly an errr f ne millimeter when adjusting the sleepers. China has mre than 40，000 km f highspeed railways in peratin. T make them all suitable fr 400 km/h trains will be a difficult task. Hwever, it's necessary t find a slutin sn because accrding t the gvernment's 5year plan, the new generatin f highspeed train, the CR450, will be cmpleted and put int peratin in less than 3 years.

5．What des the underlined phrase “get cmplacent” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Cnvenient. B．Successful.
C．Respected. D．Satisfied.
6．What is Paragraph 4 mainly talking abut?
A．The way wheels and tracks interact.
B．The effect f vibratin n passengers.
C．The difficulty in adjusting the sleepers.
D．The reasn why existing sleepers shuld be lifted.
7．What can we knw abut China's existing highspeed railways?
A．Their sleepers need adjusting all the time.
B．The mre these railways are built, the better.
C．Enugh f them will be in use in three years.
D．It's hard t make 400 km/h trains run n all f them.
8．What's the best title fr the text?
A．China Develps 400 km/h Bullet Train
B．China's Trains Care Mre fr Passengers
C．China's CR450s Replace Other Trains
D．China Fcuses n Railway Technlgy
Ⅱ.完形填空
[2024·吉林省长春外国语学校试题]Wearing a caveman mask (面具), Dr. Marzluff walks acrss the camp at the university. Crws (乌鸦) circle and scream. They dive at him and then suddenly fly away.
Beneath the mask，he smiles. Days befre, he and his students had __1__ cavemen masks caught crws and __2__ plastic bands n t their legs. Then they released the __3__ birds.
“We always knew crws __4__ us, but culd we shw it？” says Dr. Marzluff, a prfessr knwn affectinately as the Crwman.
When the researchers walked arund campus withut masks, the crws they had caught and banded didn't __5__ t them. But when the __6__ humans walked by while wearing the masks, the crws sclded (责骂) ludly and dived at their “__7__”. The birds had remembered their __8__！
“Crws are cnstantly __9__ us，” Dr. Marzluff says. “They lk, they think, they eyeball yu, __10__ the situatin.”
At first, nly the banded birds reacted __11__ t the peple in masks. But in later tests, an increasing number f crws began sclding them, even when the banded birds were nt arund. The birds had __12__ frm ne anther. Dr.Marzluff and his team fllwed banded crws fr a year and __13__ that adults even pass this infrmatin t their __14__.
Dr.Marzluff's experiments led him t study hw crws' __15__ wrk.

1．A.picked ut B．put n
C．searched fr D．taken ff
2．A.drpped B．stepped
C．pressed D．tied
3．A.unhappy B．beautiful
C．black D．rare
4．A.hate B．attack
C．recgnize D．cntact
5．A.wave B．react
C．reply D．turn
6．A.friendly B．unkind
C．different D．same
7．A.enemies B．prfessrs
C．wners D．fllwers
8．A.clthes B．faces
C．rgans D．figures
9．A.expecting B．admiring
C．watching D．tlerating
10．A.estimating B．changing
C．restring D．wrsening
11．A.rigidly B．autmatically
C．abnrmally D．threateningly
12．A.resulted B．heard
C．learned D．benefited
13．A.prmised B．identified
C．denied D．clarified
14．A.yung B．neighbr
C．partners D．ppnents
15．A.wings B．nses
C．legs D．brains
[答题区]
1～5 ______________ 6～10 ______________
11～15 ______________
课时作业(二)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jhn Tdd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用大自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始想知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的垃圾)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer­causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec­machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就完全被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
3．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse­like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1，600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec­machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1 600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
4．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what's happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self­repair. (你把微生物放在新的生态关系中，并观察要发生的事情。然后让这些新系统形成它们自己的自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国科学家表示，他们已经找到了一种解决方案，可以帮助CR450子弹头列车在2025年前以400公里/小时的速度平稳运行。
5．答案与解析：D 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文及下文可知，中国最高速度约为350公里/小时的列车并没有让国家自满，所以继续推出一款时速400公里的新型子弹头列车。可知，画线词组get cmplacent与satisfied(满足的)意思一致。故选D。
6．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。根据第四段二至五句“根据该团队的计算，乘客在400公里/小时的行程中感受到的振动将比目前高5%。这似乎是一个很小的差异，但它可以将火车沿线感受到的振动波长增加15%。如果没有得到有效控制，这可能会使乘客在旅途中感到不舒服，甚至不安全。研究表明，将枕木提升几毫米就可以抵抗这种冲击”可知，第四段主要谈到为何应提升现有枕木。故选D。
7．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据最后一段三、四句可知，在中国现有的所有高速铁路上运行400公里/小时的列车是很困难的。故选D。
8．答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。根据第一段及下文可知，文章主要介绍了中国正在发展时速400公里的子弹头列车。由此可知，A项“中国发展400公里/小时子弹头列车”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Marzluff博士和他的团队研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。他们将乌鸦的腿绑上塑料带子，然后放了乌鸦，同时对捆绑的乌鸦进行跟踪，发现乌鸦能认出他们的脸，同时发现成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给年幼乌鸦。
1．答案与解析：B 由上文“Wearing a caveman mask (面具)”可知，此处指戴上面具。
2．答案与解析：D 由下文“the crws they had caught and banded(他们之前抓住并捆绑的乌鸦)”可知，在乌鸦的腿上绑上了塑料带子，故选D。
3．答案与解析：A 由上文“caught crws”可知，乌鸦被捕所以不开心。
4．答案与解析：C 由下文“the crws sclded (责骂) ludly”和实验内容可知，研究人员戴上面具在乌鸦腿上绑上塑料带子，然后将它们放了，之后戴上面具后，发现乌鸦攻击他们，这说明乌鸦能认出他们。
5．答案与解析：B 由下文“t them”可知，此处指乌鸦没有任何反应，react t固定搭配，意为“对……的反应”。
6．答案与解析：D 由下文“humans walked by while wearing the masks”和常识可知，为了保证实验的可信性，应是同一批人戴着面具走过，故选D。
7．答案与解析：A 由上文“the crws sclded(责骂) ludly and dived at their”和上文提到的研究者捆绑乌鸦可知，乌鸦把他们当成敌人，在认出他们之后去攻击他们，故选A。
8．答案与解析：B 由下文“They lk, they think, they eyeball yu”可知，乌鸦能记住敌人的脸。
9．答案与解析：C 由下文“They lk”可知，乌鸦一直在观察他们，故选C。
10．答案与解析：A 由上文“They lk, they think, they eyeball yu”和下文“situatin”可知，乌鸦观察他们是为了估计形势，去攻击他们，故选A。
11．答案与解析：D 由下文“But in later tests, an increasing number f crws began sclding them”可知，乌鸦攻击他们，对他们产生有威胁性的行为，故选D。
12．答案与解析：C 由下文“pass this infrmatin”可知，乌鸦们从同伴那里得知一些信息，故选C。
13．答案与解析：B 由上文“Dr. Marzluff and his team fllwed banded crws fr a year”和下文“that adults even pass this infrmatin t their”可知，Marzluff博士和他的团队研究发现了乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽，故选B。
14．答案与解析：A 由上文“adults even pass this infrmatin t their”可知，成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给年幼的乌鸦。
15．答案与解析：D 由上文讲到的乌鸦能认出它们的敌人可知，Marzluff博士的实验让他研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。