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2025版高考英语全程一轮复习语法专题提升专题四并列句三大从句和特殊句式第七讲定语从句和名词性从句课件（外研版）
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这是一份2025版高考英语全程一轮复习语法专题提升专题四并列句三大从句和特殊句式第七讲定语从句和名词性从句课件（外研版），共60页。PPT课件主要包含了to ，Added ，defended ，while ，entirely ，where ，told ，following ，in ，jointly 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一 定语从句● 高考感悟/练真题·悟技法·锁定目标 ●单句语法填空1．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]I we my success t my scial teacher ________ gives me a lt f encuragement in my life n the rad t writing.
答案与解析：that/wh 考查定语从句。先行词my scial teacher 在定语从句中充当主语，指人，用关系代词that/wh引导定语从句。
2．[2023·全国甲卷]Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, ________ Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw.”
答案与解析：as 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。
3．[2023·全国乙卷]The clr she chse came in a bx which had a picture f a wman ________ hair clr lked just perfect.
答案与解析：whse 考查定语从句。先行词是wman，关系词在从句中作hair clr的定语，应用关系代词whse引导。
4．[2023·北京卷]Nina recently finished her yearlng series f runs in Chicag, ________ thusands were attending a water cnference.
答案与解析：where 考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水资源会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicag，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
5．[2022·全国乙卷]They ften run at high speeds, ________ may put ur lives in danger.
答案与解析：which 考查定语从句。句意：它们经常高速奔跑，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中作主语，应用which引导。
6．[2022·浙江1月卷]Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics ________ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.
答案与解析：wh/that 考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的Kim Cbb教授是一小群数量不断增加的不占主流的学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句，从句中缺主语，应使用关系代词wh/that引导定语从句，并作句子主语。
7．[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
答案与解析：that 考查定语从句。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词为species，指物且先行词前为all所修饰，只能用关系代词that。
8．[2021·浙江卷1月]BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl ________ gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.
答案与解析：that/which 考查定语从句。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tl是先行词，所填词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
9．[2020·北京卷]Sme university students carried ut a campaign ________ they spent their whle day withut cell phnes.
答案与解析：where 考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为campaign，空格处所填词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
10．[2020·江苏卷]Many lessns are nw available nline, frm ________ students can chse fr free.
答案与解析：which 考查定语从句。句意：现在许多课程都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中选择免费课程。分析该句结构可知，介词frm和空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Many lessns，且介词frm提前。故填which。
● 考点研析/破重点·析疑难·精准清障 ●考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句1.关系代词的基本用法
①Dr. Rwan, whse secretary resigned tw weeks ag, has had t d all his wn typing.罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。②I brrw the bk Sherlck Hlmes frm the library last week, which my classmates recmmended t me.上个星期我从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书，这是我的同学推荐给我的。③Sme peple wh are successful language learners ften fail in ther fields.有些成功的语言学习者，在其他领域常常会失败。
2．只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况(1)先行词为不定代词anything, nthing, smething, everything, all, sme, nne, little, few, the ne等时。I refuse t accept the blame fr smething that was smene else's fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。(2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
(3)先行词被the nly, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时。The nly part f the meal that I really liked was the dessert.这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。(4)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。They will never frget the things and persns that they've seen r heard f during their lng jurney.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
3．as和which的区别关系代词as和which都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句或主句中的名词或短语，一般情况下二者可互换使用，但有下列区别：(1)which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后，as引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中和之后。①As anybdy can see, a cmputer can d almst everything peple can.＝A cmputer can d almst everything peple can, as anybdy can see.任何人都明白，计算机几乎能做人所能做的一切事。②Therefre, this time I will intrduce Tang Petry t yu, which is f great help in learning Chinese.因此，这次我将向你介绍唐诗，这将非常有助于你学习汉语。
(2)as常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying ges, as is said abve, as is mentined abve, as ften happens, as is ften the case, as is reprted in the newspaper等。She passed the exam, as was expected.她通过了考试，这是预料之中的事。
【名师指津】 (1)whm、which、that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that；(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；the same＋名词＋as(和……同样的)。Such machines as are used in ur wrkshp are made in China.像在我们车间使用的这类机器是中国制造的。
即学即练单句语法填空1．[2023·全国甲卷]She even played sme recrdings f their singing, ________ was fun.
答案与解析：which 考查定语从句。句意：她甚至播放了一些他们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。此处非限制性定语从句修饰先行词singing，指物，所填关系代词which且在定语从句中作主语。
2．[2023·全国乙卷]But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place ________ welcmes the fastpaced develpment f mdern life, with 21stcentury architectural wnders standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
答案与解析：which/that 考查定语从句。先行词为“a place”，关系代词在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。
3．[2022·全国甲卷]On the 1，100Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, ________ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvinces.
答案与解析：wh 考查定语从句。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Ca Shengkang，指人，所填词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh引导。
4．[2024·广西柳州市模拟预测]China is ready t wrk with all cuntries and regins ________ are cmmitted t the peaceful use f uter space t carry ut mre internatinal cperatin and exchanges.
答案与解析：that 考查定语从句。句意：中国愿与所有致力于和平利用外空的国家和地区一道，开展更多的国际合作与交流。空格后是一个定语从句，而从句没有主语，所以空格处应该填关系代词，且先行词前有all修饰，所以关系代词只能用that。
5．[2024·陕西咸阳模拟预测]The excessive use f high technlgy can als make ur life passive, ________ will make the majrity f us becme lazier, and we are unwilling t explre minds any lnger.
答案与解析：which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：过度使用高科技也会使我们的生活变得被动，这将使我们大多数人变得懒惰，并且不愿意动脑筋。分析句子可知，逗号后面是一个非限制性定语从句，空格处应该填入一个关系代词代替前面句子的内容，在从句中作主语。
6．________ is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid t a halfhur Stry Time allws the parent t enjy quiet reading.
答案与解析：As as置于句首引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”，在句中作主语。
考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句
①We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。②Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities where they can gain experience fr grwth.学生们应该参加社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。【名师指津】 当先行词为situatin、case、stage、pint等，且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。
即学即练单句语法填空1．[2023·全国甲卷]There was nce a twn in the heart f America, ________ all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with its surrundings.
答案与解析：where 考查定语从句。句意：从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境和平相处。句中先行词为twn，所填词在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。
2．[2024·福建泉州模拟]Hwever, a recently launched WeChat miniprgram is allwing every histry enthusiast t be a her in a virtual wrld, ________ ne nt just climbs the Great Wall, but als prtects it.
答案与解析：where 考查定语从句。句意：然而，最近推出的微信小程序可以让每一个历史爱好者在虚拟世界中成为英雄，在那里，你不仅可以爬上长城，还可以保护它。在非限制性定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为a virtual wrld，所以应用关系副词where，在句中作地点状语。
3．[2024·江西赣州模拟]The scenic area has an area f 1，320 square kilmeters including 30，000 hectares f primitive frest ________ exist many stateprtected animals and plants such as the giant panda, glden mnkey and mnleaf grass.
答案与解析：where 考查定语从句。空处及之后的内容为定语从句，exist“存在”为不及物动词，先行词为primitive frest，所填词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
4．Mr. Smith wned this il painting until the early 1990s, ________ he gave it t his grandsn.
答案与解析：when 考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生保管这幅油画直到20世纪90年代初，那时他才把它给了他的孙子。空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the early 1990s, 并在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
5．Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.
答案与解析：where 考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。分析句子结构可知设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the stage，表抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
考点三 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which或whm，且不能省略。Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn/n which schl educatin depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。September 30 is the day by which yu must pay yur bill.在9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋f＋which/whm”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f which has been prved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。Many yung peple, mst f whm were welleducated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中的大部分都受过良好的教育。
3．在非限制性定语从句中，whse修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋f which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋f whm”。The newlybuilt café， the walls f which (＝whse walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place fr us, especially after hard wrk.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
即学即练单句语法填空1．[2022·北京卷]Mre takeut and mre fd delivery equal mre waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bttles, and bags, mst f ________ are nly gd fr ne use.
答案与解析：which 考查定语从句。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数(东西)只用一次。此处为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bttles, and bags，在从句中作介词f的宾语，故填which。
2．[2024·江西省上饶市高三模拟]They are increasingly reluctant t fllw the herd, sme f ________ are simply lking t take a rest smewhere quiet fr a cuple f days.
答案与解析：whm 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，且从句中缺少主语；结合句意，表示“其中一些人”需要用关系代词wh或whm，但空前有介词f，故填whm。
3．[2021·天津3月卷]William Hastie nce suggested that histry infrms us f past mistakes frm ________ we can learn withut repeating them.
答案与解析：which 考查定语从句。句意：William Hastie曾提出，历史告诫我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，以免重蹈覆辙。分析句子结构可知，该句为介词提前的定语从句。故填which指代先行词past mistakes。
4．Hua Mulan, the stry f ________ has been tld by generatins in China, is a fighter frm the Nrthern Wei Dynasty (386～534)．
答案与解析：whm 考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是Hua Mulan, 指人，关系词在从句中作介词f 的宾语，应用关系代词whm引导定语从句。
● 小试牛刀/夯基础·提技能·高效备考 ●Ⅰ.语法填空[2024·福建省厦门第一中学高三模拟]Marrakech (马拉喀什) is the furth largest city in Mrcc and has a rich architectural heritage. Hwever, an earthquake in September caused serius damage 1.________ sme f them in the city.The Medina district, the ld cultural center f Marrakech, was ne f them. 2.________ (add) t UNESCO's Wrld Heritage List in 1985, the district is enclsed by 900yearld walls built f red sandstne that nce 3.________ (defend) the city against danger. Hwever, large parts f these walls were damaged in the earthquake and lng sectins nw shw deep cracks 4.________ ther parts have cllapsed.
Apart frm ancient walls, Mrcc Wrld News reprted that the city's Kharbuch Msque (清真寺) was almst 5.________ (entire) destryed. Befre the earthquake, it was a cultural center fr the city 6.________ dancers and strytellers perfrmed. A lcal resident 7.________ (tell) The New Arab that the msque dates back t the 17th century.After visiting Marrakech 8.________ (fllw) the destructin, Eric Falt, an fficer at UNESCO, stressed that it was necessary t immediately plan fr the 9.____________ (cnstruct) f damaged cultural assets (资产). The earthquake's impact n Marrakech's cultural heritage 10.________ (expect) t be a lngterm challenge that will require careful restratin effrts, nted Mrcc Wrld News.
cnstructin
is expected
Ⅱ.写作运用完成下面短文，注意本部分语法的运用。1．___________________ (众所周知), high schl life is an imprtant turning pint and 2.______________________________________________________ (高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所). My classmates and I decided t d smething fr the cming graduatin. Having had a heated discussin, we agreed n making a vide t recrd 3.________________________ (我们在校经历)．
As is universally knwn
high schl campus is an imprtant place where students study and live
ur experiences at schl
Material cllecting tk us a whle week, 4.________________________________________________________________________ (在此期间， 我们采访了我们的老师， 并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面). Sme cmprmises were unavidable, but the vide turned ut perfect. 5.________________________________ (播放录像的那一天), it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time, 6.________________________________________ (这当然给了我们很大的成就感).
during which we interviewed ur teachers and tk pictures f every aspect f schl life
That day when the vide was played
which surely gave us a great sense f achievement
二 名词性从句● 高考感悟/练真题·悟技法·锁定目标 ●单句语法填空1．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]I was infrmed I wn the first prize in the writing cntest and ________ there wuld be an award presentatin in tw days.
答案与解析：答案与解析：that 考查宾语从句。空处为谓语的第二个宾语从句，且从句中不缺成分，故用that引导。
2．[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]They als need t be ready t give interviews in English with internatinal jurnalists. This is ________ they need an English trainer.
答案与解析：why 考查表语从句。空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导。
3．[2022·浙江1月卷]Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak ________ she culd d s remtely; abut threequarters f the time, they agreed.
答案与解析：whether/if 考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cbb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境。
4．[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatles' sng “The Lng and Winding Rad”. ________ is s breathtaking abut the experience is the utfthiswrld scenes.
答案与解析：What 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，本空引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，意为“……的事物”。本空位于句首，首字母应大写。故填What。
5．[2021·北京卷]The pr wman wasn't able t give him any infrmatin abut ________ she lived.
答案与解析：where 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，本空引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，意为“……的地方”。故填where。
6．[2021·天津3月卷]What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has s many crazy ideas.
答案与解析：why 考查表语从句。句意：令Lily的朋友困惑的是，为什么她总是有如此多的疯狂想法。根据puzzles可知，此处表示疑问。
● 考点研析/破重点·析疑难·精准清障 ●考点一主语从句1.主语从句的引导词
When the delayed flight will take ff depends much n the weather.延迟的飞机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。Where Prfessr Han was brn is knwn t the public.韩教授出生的地方人人皆知。What struck me mst in the mvie was the father's deep lve fr his sn.影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深深的爱。
【名师指津】 (1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。That they were in truth sisters was clear frm the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们是亲姐妹。(2)whether与if引导主语从句的区别：主语从句位于主句的谓语动词前，表示“是否”，只能用whether而不能用if引导；若用it作形式主语，则if与whether可互换。Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the gvernment abut water pllutin.我们能否有干净的饮用水在于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。It remains t be seen whether/if this idea can be put int practice.这一想法能否付诸实施还有待观察。
2．形式主语it作形式主语的常见句型：(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/imprtant/certain等)＋that从句(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/n wnder等)＋that从句(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/tld/reprted等)＋that从句(4)It＋不及物动词(seem, appear, happen, matter等)＋that从句It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring abut，althugh abut tw thusand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。It desn't matter whether yu pay by cash r credit card in this stre.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。
考点二 表语从句1.表语从句的引导词
The mst imprtant result fr the user is that the prduct des what is intended.对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。This is where we usually think it's easier t just give up.这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。【名师指津】 if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。
2．as if/as thugh引导表语从句as if/as thugh意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem, appear, lk, taste, sund, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。The thick smg cvered the whle city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrwn ver it.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到了它的上面。
3．其他常考的表语从句(1)This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表示结果)“这/那就是……的原因”(2)This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表示原因)“这/那是因为……”(3)The reasn why... is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……”
即学即练单句语法填空1．It is nt a prblem ________ we can win the battle; it's just a matter f time.
答案与解析：whether/if 句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题，它只是一个时间问题。it是形式主语，whether/if引导的从句是真正的主语。it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用whether/if引导均可。
2．Hwever, recent research frm Harvard Medical Schl has shwn that, n average, apprximately 4，400 steps a day is enugh t significantly reduce the risk f death in wmen. This was ________ it was cmpared t nly walking arund 2，700 steps daily.
答案与解析：when 表语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，根据句意可知，此处是指这是与每天只走2 700步相比的时候，平均每天大约4 400步足以显著降低女性的死亡风险。所以应用when引导表语从句。
3．________fascinates westerners is the Chinese bamb culture and its lng histry.
答案与解析：What 考查主语从句。空格处缺少主语从句引导词，主语从句缺少主语，表示“物”，应使用连接代词what，位于句首首字母大写，故填What。
4．It is estimated ________ cral reefs cntribute billins f dllars t the wrld ecnmy annually, prviding fd，prtectin f shrelines, and jbs.
答案与解析：that 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，it在句中作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句结构和意义完整。故填that。
考点三 宾语从句1.宾语从句的引导词
①I'm writing t tell yu that my uncle Li Ming is ging t yur city fr a cnference.我写信是想告诉你，我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。②We prmise whever attends the party will have a chance t have a pht taken with the mvie star.我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。③I dn't knw whether we'll set ff fr Beijing r nt．我不知道我们是否出发去北京。
【名师指津】 (1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只能用whether，不能用if。
2．形式宾语宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。(1)动词find/feel/think/cnsider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjy＋it＋从句(3)短语动词see t/depend n/rely n＋it＋从句(4)固定搭配take it fr granted that/we it t sb. that＋从句Mst f us yung men take it fr granted that parents d everything fr us.我们大部分年轻人认为父母为我们做的一切是理所当然的。I shall see t it that he is taken gd care f when yu are absent.当你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
3．宾语从句的时态一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即主句是一般现在时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；主句为过去的某种时态，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。
即学即练单句语法填空1．[2022·北京卷]It's easy t explain hw we determine ________ smells are dangerus r nt: we learn.
答案与解析：whether 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的r nt可知，此处考查 nt的搭配。
2．The student cmpleted this experiment t make cme true ________ Prfessr Jseph had said.
答案与解析：what 考查宾语从句。句意：这个学生完成了这个实验，使约瑟夫教授所说的变成了现实。空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作said的宾语。故填what。
3．[2024·山东临沂模拟]Tgether, it prduces sme f the sweetest sunds that pair surprisingly well with ________ was riginally a rck sng.
答案与解析：what 考查宾语从句。此处为介词with后接连接代词what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语，意为“一些事情”。故填what。
4．But there is sme debate ver ________ it was NOLA r Mbile, Alabama that had the first Mardi Gras back in the 1700s.
答案与解析：whether 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，根据后文“it was NOLA r Mbile”可知为whether... r...，表示“是……还是……”。
5．The father and his sn gt lst in the muntain and they had t eat ________ fd they culd find there.
答案与解析：whatever 句意：这对父子在山里迷路了，不得不吃他们在那里能找到的任何食物。whatever fd意为“任何食物”，在从句中作动词find的宾语。
考点四 同位语从句1.同位语从句通常用that引导，that无词义也不作成分，但是不能省略，从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用whether, when, where, why, hw等引导。2．接同位语从句的常见名词：fact, news, idea, truth, hpe, evidence, infrmatin, belief, thught, dubt, prmise, wrd(消息)等。I made a prmise t myself that this year，my first year in high schl，wuld be different.我对自己做出承诺：今年——我上高中的第一年——将会与以往不同。I have n idea where the jurnalist culd have gt his infrmatin.我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的他的信息。
即学即练单句语法填空1．While they are rare nrth f 88°， there is evidence ________ they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
答案与解析：that 考查同位语从句。本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence的具体内容，空格处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义。所以用that。
2．And yu shuld als have a belief ________ yu are sure t succeed as lng as yu keep yur directin all the time.
答案与解析：hat 考查同位语从句。belief后为同位语从句。空格处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义。故填that。
3．The manager put frward a suggestin ________ we shuld have an assistant. There is t much wrk t d.
答案与解析：that 考查同位语从句。suggestin后为同位语从句。空格处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义。故填that。
4．This shuld serve as a warning ________ peple shuld be aware f their surrundings, especially when crssing rads.
答案与解析：that 考查同位语从句。warning后是同位语从句，设空处后的句子无论是结构还是意思都是完整的，设空处所填的词只起连接作用，没有任何实际意义。故填that。
● 小试牛刀/夯基础·提技能·高效备考 ●Ⅰ.语法填空[2024·广东省四校联考]China has scaled up plicy t prtect and restre the envirnment arund the Yangtze River, putting 1.________ place measures t treat industrial and agricultural pllutants and prtect grasslands and wetlands.A plicy dcument 2.________ (jint) released by 17 central gvernment departments prmises t priritize effrt and adpt a 3.________ (cmprehensin) way f cnserving the Yangtze River Basin area. The plicy dcument fllws a 10year fishing ban in the Yangtze enacted by the gvernment in 2020 in respnse t 4.________ (decline) bidiversity.
cmprehensive
Despite imprvements t the Yangtze's water quality, the rise f nnpint surce pllutin 5.__________ (emerge) as a majr prblem in recent years. The dcument stresses the need fr a systemic apprach, 6.________ will require the establishment f lngterm mechanisms t prevent the return f plluted water bdies.The treatment f pllutin is anther pririty, as the gvernment lks t install tighter cntrls ver pllutants discharged by chemical factries and prmte 7.________ (high) efficiency in the use f fertilizers and pesticides.8．________ (restre) the diversity f aquatic life in the Yangtze, the dcument says that the cuntry will establish a mnitring system fr endangered animals and make 9.________ actin plan t save them and that mre wrk 10.________ (d) t enhance the cnnectivity f rivers.
has emerged
will be dne
一 定语从句● 高考感悟/练真题·悟技法·锁定目标 ●单句语法填空1．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]I we my success t my scial teacher ________ gives me a lt f encuragement in my life n the rad t writing.
答案与解析：that/wh 考查定语从句。先行词my scial teacher 在定语从句中充当主语，指人，用关系代词that/wh引导定语从句。
2．[2023·全国甲卷]Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, ________ Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw.”
答案与解析：as 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。
3．[2023·全国乙卷]The clr she chse came in a bx which had a picture f a wman ________ hair clr lked just perfect.
答案与解析：whse 考查定语从句。先行词是wman，关系词在从句中作hair clr的定语，应用关系代词whse引导。
4．[2023·北京卷]Nina recently finished her yearlng series f runs in Chicag, ________ thusands were attending a water cnference.
答案与解析：where 考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水资源会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicag，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
5．[2022·全国乙卷]They ften run at high speeds, ________ may put ur lives in danger.
答案与解析：which 考查定语从句。句意：它们经常高速奔跑，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中作主语，应用which引导。
6．[2022·浙江1月卷]Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics ________ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.
答案与解析：wh/that 考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的Kim Cbb教授是一小群数量不断增加的不占主流的学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句，从句中缺主语，应使用关系代词wh/that引导定语从句，并作句子主语。
7．[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
答案与解析：that 考查定语从句。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词为species，指物且先行词前为all所修饰，只能用关系代词that。
8．[2021·浙江卷1月]BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl ________ gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.
答案与解析：that/which 考查定语从句。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tl是先行词，所填词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
9．[2020·北京卷]Sme university students carried ut a campaign ________ they spent their whle day withut cell phnes.
答案与解析：where 考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为campaign，空格处所填词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
10．[2020·江苏卷]Many lessns are nw available nline, frm ________ students can chse fr free.
答案与解析：which 考查定语从句。句意：现在许多课程都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中选择免费课程。分析该句结构可知，介词frm和空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Many lessns，且介词frm提前。故填which。
● 考点研析/破重点·析疑难·精准清障 ●考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句1.关系代词的基本用法
①Dr. Rwan, whse secretary resigned tw weeks ag, has had t d all his wn typing.罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。②I brrw the bk Sherlck Hlmes frm the library last week, which my classmates recmmended t me.上个星期我从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书，这是我的同学推荐给我的。③Sme peple wh are successful language learners ften fail in ther fields.有些成功的语言学习者，在其他领域常常会失败。
2．只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况(1)先行词为不定代词anything, nthing, smething, everything, all, sme, nne, little, few, the ne等时。I refuse t accept the blame fr smething that was smene else's fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。(2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
(3)先行词被the nly, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时。The nly part f the meal that I really liked was the dessert.这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。(4)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。They will never frget the things and persns that they've seen r heard f during their lng jurney.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
3．as和which的区别关系代词as和which都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句或主句中的名词或短语，一般情况下二者可互换使用，但有下列区别：(1)which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后，as引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中和之后。①As anybdy can see, a cmputer can d almst everything peple can.＝A cmputer can d almst everything peple can, as anybdy can see.任何人都明白，计算机几乎能做人所能做的一切事。②Therefre, this time I will intrduce Tang Petry t yu, which is f great help in learning Chinese.因此，这次我将向你介绍唐诗，这将非常有助于你学习汉语。
(2)as常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying ges, as is said abve, as is mentined abve, as ften happens, as is ften the case, as is reprted in the newspaper等。She passed the exam, as was expected.她通过了考试，这是预料之中的事。
【名师指津】 (1)whm、which、that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that；(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；the same＋名词＋as(和……同样的)。Such machines as are used in ur wrkshp are made in China.像在我们车间使用的这类机器是中国制造的。
即学即练单句语法填空1．[2023·全国甲卷]She even played sme recrdings f their singing, ________ was fun.
答案与解析：which 考查定语从句。句意：她甚至播放了一些他们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。此处非限制性定语从句修饰先行词singing，指物，所填关系代词which且在定语从句中作主语。
2．[2023·全国乙卷]But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place ________ welcmes the fastpaced develpment f mdern life, with 21stcentury architectural wnders standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
答案与解析：which/that 考查定语从句。先行词为“a place”，关系代词在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。
3．[2022·全国甲卷]On the 1，100Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, ________ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvinces.
答案与解析：wh 考查定语从句。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Ca Shengkang，指人，所填词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh引导。
4．[2024·广西柳州市模拟预测]China is ready t wrk with all cuntries and regins ________ are cmmitted t the peaceful use f uter space t carry ut mre internatinal cperatin and exchanges.
答案与解析：that 考查定语从句。句意：中国愿与所有致力于和平利用外空的国家和地区一道，开展更多的国际合作与交流。空格后是一个定语从句，而从句没有主语，所以空格处应该填关系代词，且先行词前有all修饰，所以关系代词只能用that。
5．[2024·陕西咸阳模拟预测]The excessive use f high technlgy can als make ur life passive, ________ will make the majrity f us becme lazier, and we are unwilling t explre minds any lnger.
答案与解析：which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：过度使用高科技也会使我们的生活变得被动，这将使我们大多数人变得懒惰，并且不愿意动脑筋。分析句子可知，逗号后面是一个非限制性定语从句，空格处应该填入一个关系代词代替前面句子的内容，在从句中作主语。
6．________ is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid t a halfhur Stry Time allws the parent t enjy quiet reading.
答案与解析：As as置于句首引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”，在句中作主语。
考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句
①We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。②Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities where they can gain experience fr grwth.学生们应该参加社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。【名师指津】 当先行词为situatin、case、stage、pint等，且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。
即学即练单句语法填空1．[2023·全国甲卷]There was nce a twn in the heart f America, ________ all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with its surrundings.
答案与解析：where 考查定语从句。句意：从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境和平相处。句中先行词为twn，所填词在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。
2．[2024·福建泉州模拟]Hwever, a recently launched WeChat miniprgram is allwing every histry enthusiast t be a her in a virtual wrld, ________ ne nt just climbs the Great Wall, but als prtects it.
答案与解析：where 考查定语从句。句意：然而，最近推出的微信小程序可以让每一个历史爱好者在虚拟世界中成为英雄，在那里，你不仅可以爬上长城，还可以保护它。在非限制性定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为a virtual wrld，所以应用关系副词where，在句中作地点状语。
3．[2024·江西赣州模拟]The scenic area has an area f 1，320 square kilmeters including 30，000 hectares f primitive frest ________ exist many stateprtected animals and plants such as the giant panda, glden mnkey and mnleaf grass.
答案与解析：where 考查定语从句。空处及之后的内容为定语从句，exist“存在”为不及物动词，先行词为primitive frest，所填词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
4．Mr. Smith wned this il painting until the early 1990s, ________ he gave it t his grandsn.
答案与解析：when 考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生保管这幅油画直到20世纪90年代初，那时他才把它给了他的孙子。空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the early 1990s, 并在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
5．Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.
答案与解析：where 考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。分析句子结构可知设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the stage，表抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
考点三 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which或whm，且不能省略。Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn/n which schl educatin depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。September 30 is the day by which yu must pay yur bill.在9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋f＋which/whm”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f which has been prved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。Many yung peple, mst f whm were welleducated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中的大部分都受过良好的教育。
3．在非限制性定语从句中，whse修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋f which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋f whm”。The newlybuilt café， the walls f which (＝whse walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place fr us, especially after hard wrk.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
即学即练单句语法填空1．[2022·北京卷]Mre takeut and mre fd delivery equal mre waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bttles, and bags, mst f ________ are nly gd fr ne use.
答案与解析：which 考查定语从句。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数(东西)只用一次。此处为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bttles, and bags，在从句中作介词f的宾语，故填which。
2．[2024·江西省上饶市高三模拟]They are increasingly reluctant t fllw the herd, sme f ________ are simply lking t take a rest smewhere quiet fr a cuple f days.
答案与解析：whm 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，且从句中缺少主语；结合句意，表示“其中一些人”需要用关系代词wh或whm，但空前有介词f，故填whm。
3．[2021·天津3月卷]William Hastie nce suggested that histry infrms us f past mistakes frm ________ we can learn withut repeating them.
答案与解析：which 考查定语从句。句意：William Hastie曾提出，历史告诫我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，以免重蹈覆辙。分析句子结构可知，该句为介词提前的定语从句。故填which指代先行词past mistakes。
4．Hua Mulan, the stry f ________ has been tld by generatins in China, is a fighter frm the Nrthern Wei Dynasty (386～534)．
答案与解析：whm 考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是Hua Mulan, 指人，关系词在从句中作介词f 的宾语，应用关系代词whm引导定语从句。
● 小试牛刀/夯基础·提技能·高效备考 ●Ⅰ.语法填空[2024·福建省厦门第一中学高三模拟]Marrakech (马拉喀什) is the furth largest city in Mrcc and has a rich architectural heritage. Hwever, an earthquake in September caused serius damage 1.________ sme f them in the city.The Medina district, the ld cultural center f Marrakech, was ne f them. 2.________ (add) t UNESCO's Wrld Heritage List in 1985, the district is enclsed by 900yearld walls built f red sandstne that nce 3.________ (defend) the city against danger. Hwever, large parts f these walls were damaged in the earthquake and lng sectins nw shw deep cracks 4.________ ther parts have cllapsed.
Apart frm ancient walls, Mrcc Wrld News reprted that the city's Kharbuch Msque (清真寺) was almst 5.________ (entire) destryed. Befre the earthquake, it was a cultural center fr the city 6.________ dancers and strytellers perfrmed. A lcal resident 7.________ (tell) The New Arab that the msque dates back t the 17th century.After visiting Marrakech 8.________ (fllw) the destructin, Eric Falt, an fficer at UNESCO, stressed that it was necessary t immediately plan fr the 9.____________ (cnstruct) f damaged cultural assets (资产). The earthquake's impact n Marrakech's cultural heritage 10.________ (expect) t be a lngterm challenge that will require careful restratin effrts, nted Mrcc Wrld News.
cnstructin
is expected
Ⅱ.写作运用完成下面短文，注意本部分语法的运用。1．___________________ (众所周知), high schl life is an imprtant turning pint and 2.______________________________________________________ (高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所). My classmates and I decided t d smething fr the cming graduatin. Having had a heated discussin, we agreed n making a vide t recrd 3.________________________ (我们在校经历)．
As is universally knwn
high schl campus is an imprtant place where students study and live
ur experiences at schl
Material cllecting tk us a whle week, 4.________________________________________________________________________ (在此期间， 我们采访了我们的老师， 并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面). Sme cmprmises were unavidable, but the vide turned ut perfect. 5.________________________________ (播放录像的那一天), it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time, 6.________________________________________ (这当然给了我们很大的成就感).
during which we interviewed ur teachers and tk pictures f every aspect f schl life
That day when the vide was played
which surely gave us a great sense f achievement
二 名词性从句● 高考感悟/练真题·悟技法·锁定目标 ●单句语法填空1．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]I was infrmed I wn the first prize in the writing cntest and ________ there wuld be an award presentatin in tw days.
答案与解析：答案与解析：that 考查宾语从句。空处为谓语的第二个宾语从句，且从句中不缺成分，故用that引导。
2．[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]They als need t be ready t give interviews in English with internatinal jurnalists. This is ________ they need an English trainer.
答案与解析：why 考查表语从句。空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导。
3．[2022·浙江1月卷]Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak ________ she culd d s remtely; abut threequarters f the time, they agreed.
答案与解析：whether/if 考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cbb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境。
4．[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatles' sng “The Lng and Winding Rad”. ________ is s breathtaking abut the experience is the utfthiswrld scenes.
答案与解析：What 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，本空引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，意为“……的事物”。本空位于句首，首字母应大写。故填What。
5．[2021·北京卷]The pr wman wasn't able t give him any infrmatin abut ________ she lived.
答案与解析：where 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，本空引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，意为“……的地方”。故填where。
6．[2021·天津3月卷]What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has s many crazy ideas.
答案与解析：why 考查表语从句。句意：令Lily的朋友困惑的是，为什么她总是有如此多的疯狂想法。根据puzzles可知，此处表示疑问。
● 考点研析/破重点·析疑难·精准清障 ●考点一主语从句1.主语从句的引导词
When the delayed flight will take ff depends much n the weather.延迟的飞机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。Where Prfessr Han was brn is knwn t the public.韩教授出生的地方人人皆知。What struck me mst in the mvie was the father's deep lve fr his sn.影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深深的爱。
【名师指津】 (1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。That they were in truth sisters was clear frm the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们是亲姐妹。(2)whether与if引导主语从句的区别：主语从句位于主句的谓语动词前，表示“是否”，只能用whether而不能用if引导；若用it作形式主语，则if与whether可互换。Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the gvernment abut water pllutin.我们能否有干净的饮用水在于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。It remains t be seen whether/if this idea can be put int practice.这一想法能否付诸实施还有待观察。
2．形式主语it作形式主语的常见句型：(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/imprtant/certain等)＋that从句(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/n wnder等)＋that从句(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/tld/reprted等)＋that从句(4)It＋不及物动词(seem, appear, happen, matter等)＋that从句It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring abut，althugh abut tw thusand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。It desn't matter whether yu pay by cash r credit card in this stre.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。
考点二 表语从句1.表语从句的引导词
The mst imprtant result fr the user is that the prduct des what is intended.对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。This is where we usually think it's easier t just give up.这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。【名师指津】 if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。
2．as if/as thugh引导表语从句as if/as thugh意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem, appear, lk, taste, sund, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。The thick smg cvered the whle city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrwn ver it.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到了它的上面。
3．其他常考的表语从句(1)This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表示结果)“这/那就是……的原因”(2)This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表示原因)“这/那是因为……”(3)The reasn why... is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……”
即学即练单句语法填空1．It is nt a prblem ________ we can win the battle; it's just a matter f time.
答案与解析：whether/if 句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题，它只是一个时间问题。it是形式主语，whether/if引导的从句是真正的主语。it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用whether/if引导均可。
2．Hwever, recent research frm Harvard Medical Schl has shwn that, n average, apprximately 4，400 steps a day is enugh t significantly reduce the risk f death in wmen. This was ________ it was cmpared t nly walking arund 2，700 steps daily.
答案与解析：when 表语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，根据句意可知，此处是指这是与每天只走2 700步相比的时候，平均每天大约4 400步足以显著降低女性的死亡风险。所以应用when引导表语从句。
3．________fascinates westerners is the Chinese bamb culture and its lng histry.
答案与解析：What 考查主语从句。空格处缺少主语从句引导词，主语从句缺少主语，表示“物”，应使用连接代词what，位于句首首字母大写，故填What。
4．It is estimated ________ cral reefs cntribute billins f dllars t the wrld ecnmy annually, prviding fd，prtectin f shrelines, and jbs.
答案与解析：that 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，it在句中作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句结构和意义完整。故填that。
考点三 宾语从句1.宾语从句的引导词
①I'm writing t tell yu that my uncle Li Ming is ging t yur city fr a cnference.我写信是想告诉你，我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。②We prmise whever attends the party will have a chance t have a pht taken with the mvie star.我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。③I dn't knw whether we'll set ff fr Beijing r nt．我不知道我们是否出发去北京。
【名师指津】 (1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只能用whether，不能用if。
2．形式宾语宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。(1)动词find/feel/think/cnsider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjy＋it＋从句(3)短语动词see t/depend n/rely n＋it＋从句(4)固定搭配take it fr granted that/we it t sb. that＋从句Mst f us yung men take it fr granted that parents d everything fr us.我们大部分年轻人认为父母为我们做的一切是理所当然的。I shall see t it that he is taken gd care f when yu are absent.当你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
3．宾语从句的时态一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即主句是一般现在时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；主句为过去的某种时态，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。
即学即练单句语法填空1．[2022·北京卷]It's easy t explain hw we determine ________ smells are dangerus r nt: we learn.
答案与解析：whether 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的r nt可知，此处考查 nt的搭配。
2．The student cmpleted this experiment t make cme true ________ Prfessr Jseph had said.
答案与解析：what 考查宾语从句。句意：这个学生完成了这个实验，使约瑟夫教授所说的变成了现实。空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作said的宾语。故填what。
3．[2024·山东临沂模拟]Tgether, it prduces sme f the sweetest sunds that pair surprisingly well with ________ was riginally a rck sng.
答案与解析：what 考查宾语从句。此处为介词with后接连接代词what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语，意为“一些事情”。故填what。
4．But there is sme debate ver ________ it was NOLA r Mbile, Alabama that had the first Mardi Gras back in the 1700s.
答案与解析：whether 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，根据后文“it was NOLA r Mbile”可知为whether... r...，表示“是……还是……”。
5．The father and his sn gt lst in the muntain and they had t eat ________ fd they culd find there.
答案与解析：whatever 句意：这对父子在山里迷路了，不得不吃他们在那里能找到的任何食物。whatever fd意为“任何食物”，在从句中作动词find的宾语。
考点四 同位语从句1.同位语从句通常用that引导，that无词义也不作成分，但是不能省略，从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用whether, when, where, why, hw等引导。2．接同位语从句的常见名词：fact, news, idea, truth, hpe, evidence, infrmatin, belief, thught, dubt, prmise, wrd(消息)等。I made a prmise t myself that this year，my first year in high schl，wuld be different.我对自己做出承诺：今年——我上高中的第一年——将会与以往不同。I have n idea where the jurnalist culd have gt his infrmatin.我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的他的信息。
即学即练单句语法填空1．While they are rare nrth f 88°， there is evidence ________ they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
答案与解析：that 考查同位语从句。本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence的具体内容，空格处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义。所以用that。
2．And yu shuld als have a belief ________ yu are sure t succeed as lng as yu keep yur directin all the time.
答案与解析：hat 考查同位语从句。belief后为同位语从句。空格处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义。故填that。
3．The manager put frward a suggestin ________ we shuld have an assistant. There is t much wrk t d.
答案与解析：that 考查同位语从句。suggestin后为同位语从句。空格处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义。故填that。
4．This shuld serve as a warning ________ peple shuld be aware f their surrundings, especially when crssing rads.
答案与解析：that 考查同位语从句。warning后是同位语从句，设空处后的句子无论是结构还是意思都是完整的，设空处所填的词只起连接作用，没有任何实际意义。故填that。
● 小试牛刀/夯基础·提技能·高效备考 ●Ⅰ.语法填空[2024·广东省四校联考]China has scaled up plicy t prtect and restre the envirnment arund the Yangtze River, putting 1.________ place measures t treat industrial and agricultural pllutants and prtect grasslands and wetlands.A plicy dcument 2.________ (jint) released by 17 central gvernment departments prmises t priritize effrt and adpt a 3.________ (cmprehensin) way f cnserving the Yangtze River Basin area. The plicy dcument fllws a 10year fishing ban in the Yangtze enacted by the gvernment in 2020 in respnse t 4.________ (decline) bidiversity.
cmprehensive
Despite imprvements t the Yangtze's water quality, the rise f nnpint surce pllutin 5.__________ (emerge) as a majr prblem in recent years. The dcument stresses the need fr a systemic apprach, 6.________ will require the establishment f lngterm mechanisms t prevent the return f plluted water bdies.The treatment f pllutin is anther pririty, as the gvernment lks t install tighter cntrls ver pllutants discharged by chemical factries and prmte 7.________ (high) efficiency in the use f fertilizers and pesticides.8．________ (restre) the diversity f aquatic life in the Yangtze, the dcument says that the cuntry will establish a mnitring system fr endangered animals and make 9.________ actin plan t save them and that mre wrk 10.________ (d) t enhance the cnnectivity f rivers.
has emerged
will be dne
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