人教版高三英语《高考英语语法：名词》练习

这是一份人教版高三英语《高考英语语法：名词》练习，共7页。试卷主要包含了个体名词转专有名词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
名词应掌握以下内容：分清名词的可数性与不可数性；可数名词有单复数，有些名词只有复数；物质名词、抽象名词不可数但可以具体量化使用；名词所有格和f格的语言现象；名词直接作定语；国家名词的正确使用；名词词义的区分和搭配；单位名词的搭配；名词前的修饰语s, as, quite等；time及常考点。
（二）命题导向
名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用，之后不能加-s。有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来词不同。有些可数名词复数有两个意思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同，高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内容。词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。
（三）知识概要
英语的名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词是指个人、团体、地方、机构或事物等所专有的名称，它的第一个字母必须大写。如：Einstain, Beijing, Asia等。普通名词是指一类人、一类事物、某种物质抽象概念的名称，可分为：个体名词（可数，如：wrker, father, bk, tree, schl等）；集体名词（可数，如：peple, family, class, team等）；物质名词（不可数，如：irn, paper, snw, water, chalk, gld等）；抽象名词（不可数，如：life, thught, idea, strength等）。
注意：可数、不可数是英文名词和中文名词的一个重要差异——即学习的重点。而很多英语名词具有双重性。即，名词的类别不是固定不变的，它们会根据词义的变化和场合的不同而相互转换，其名词类别的转换可归纳如下：
1、个体名词转抽象名词或抽象名词转个体名词
e.g. Our schl is nt far frm my hme.（个体）我们学校离我家不远。
Schl is ver at six.（抽象）六点钟放学。
2、物质名词转个体名词或个体名词转物质名词
e.g. He brke a piece f glass.（物质）他打破了一块玻璃。
He brke a glass.（个体）他打破了一个杯子。
3、个体名词转专有名词
e.g. His father is a teacher.（个体）他父亲是个教师。
“What are yu ding there?” Father asked.（专有）“你在那儿干什么？”父亲问道。
（四）名词的数
名词分为可数（有单、复数形式）和不可数名词（只有单数形式）。
1、可数名词单数变复数：
① 一般加s ：lessn → lessns, pen → pens
② 以s, x, ss, ch, sh, 结尾的加es ：buses, bxes, classes, watches, brushes, her → heres
但有些以结尾的名词，是加s构成复数：kil → kils, pian → pians, radi → radis,
pht → phts, z → zs
③ 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的改y为i，再加es ：city → cities, stry → stries
④ 以f 或fe结尾的，一般将f或fe改为v，再加es ：knife → knives, leaf → leaves
但有些以f 结尾的名词，是在f后加s，构成复数形式：belief → beliefs, rf → rfs, safe（保险箱）→ safes, prf（证据）→ prfs, chief → chiefs, handkerchief → handkerchiefs
2、有些名词，不按上述规则构成其复数形式，有以下几种情况：
① 单复数形式相同：Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep
② 不规则变化：man → men, wman → wmen, gse → geese, ft → feet, tth → teeth, child → children, muse → mice, x → xen 。但是，German → Germans
③ 复合名词的复数形式：editr-in-chief → editrs-in-chief, daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law, grwn-up → grwn-ups, wman teacher → wmen teachers, man driver → men drivers
3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题
① 物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如：fishes各种鱼，fruits各种水果，steels各种钢材。
② 物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。如：a cup f tea, three bags f apples, fur pieces f bread。
③ 有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义。如：wrk（工作）→ wrks（著作），arm（手臂）→ arms（军火），glass（玻璃）→ glasses（眼镜），clth（布）→ clthes（衣服）。
④ 定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式，表示全家人或夫妇二人；姓氏的复数形式前不加冠词，则表示若干个姓…的人。如：the Wangs王家，three Wangs三个姓王的。
⑤ 只用作单数的复数形式的名词。如：physics, mathematics, news, the United States
⑥ 有些名词形似单数，但实为复数。如：plice, peple, cattle
⑦ 有些名词如被看作整体时就作单数用，如被看作组成该集体的各个成员时就作复数用。如：class, family, cuple, audience, gvernment, public
⑧ 有些抽象名词在具体化时，可以复数形式出现。表示特指时，可和定冠词连用；表示“某种”或“一次”意义时，可和不定冠词连用。如：Hw did yu smth away the difficulties?（指各种具体困难）；It is a great pleasure t talk with yu.；What a surprise!
（五）名词的所有格
名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系，作定语用。
1、有生命名词的所有格一般在词尾加上“’”或“’s”。如：Tm’s bike, Engles’s (Engles’) wrks, a wrks’ schl, Wmen’s Day, the editr-in-chief’s ffice
2、如果一个事物为两个人所有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”，如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾都加上“’s”。如：Tm and Mike’s rm.（共有），Tm’s and Mike’s bks.（不共有）。
3、表示时间、距离、国家、城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”表示所有格，如：tday’s papers, ten minutes’ walk
4、表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去shp, huse, hme。如：the tailr’s
5、无生命名词的所在格通常用f短语来表示。如：the windw f the rm
6、表示有生命的名词有时也可用f短语来表示所有关系，而且当该名词带有较长的定语时。如：the teachers f the N. 1 Middle Schl.
7、双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的部分或一个，双重所有格只能用于有生命的名词，这个名词是确定的。被修饰名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时，一般只能用双重所有格。如：an ld friend f my uncle’s, a daughter f Mrs Green’s, the huse f ne f my friends
（六）名词的普通格作定语
表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语，一般用单数形式。
e.g. stne figures（石像）；paper mney（纸币）；cuntry music（乡村音乐）；table clth（桌布）；river bank（河岸）；schl gate（校门口）；bk stres（书店）；traffic lights（交通灯）；summer hlidays（暑假）；evening dress（晚礼服）。
但在个别情况下，也有需用复数的。
e.g. sprts meet（运动会）；the United States gvernment（美国政府）；students reading-rm（学生阅览室）；gds train（货车）；tw men dctrs（两个男医生）。
练习、名词
1. The ____ f the rm were cvered with ____.
A. rfs, leafsB. rfs, leavesC. rves, leafsD. rves, leaves
2. There are three ____ in ur factry.
A. wman dctrsB. wmen dctrsC. wman dctrD. wmen dctr
3. Which d yu prefer ____ r ____?
A. ptats, tmatsB. ptats, tmatesC. ptates, tmatsD. ptates, tmates
4. They are ____ f different presses(出版社). Nw they are having a meeting in ne f the ____ ffice.
A. editr-in-chiefs, editrs-in-chief’sB. editrs-in-chief, editr-in-chief’s
C. editrs-in-chiefs, editr’s-in-chief’sD. editrs-in-chief, editrs-in-chief’s
5. The ant has tw ____.A. stmachesB. stmacksC. stmachD. stmachs
6. He desn’t like ____ fr supper.A. chickB. chickenC. chickensD. chicks
7. It was ____ ht weather that many f us went swimming.
A. sB. suchC. s asD. such a
8. ____ wnderful space they saw n the rm!
A. HwB. Hw aC. WhatD. What a
9. We knw ____ travels nt s fast as light.
A. sundB. sundsC. the sundsD. a sund
10. My family raise a lt f ____, including tw ____.
A. cattle, cwsB. cws, cattleC. cattles, cwsD. cw, cattles
11. A number f sldiers ____ at he camp gate（军营门口）.
A. have gatheredB. has gatheredC. isD. was
12. The Brwns have spent a large ____ f mney n their new car.
A. dealB. amuntC. numberD. size
13. ____ wrk has been dne t imprve the peple’s living standard.
A. ManyB. A great manyC. A great deal fD. A number f
14. Mr Li shk ____ warmly with a friend.
A. handB. a handC. handsD. the hands
15. Tw ____, please.A. cffeeB. cffeesC. cup f cffeeD. cups cffee
16. I can’t pay as ____ as he asked fr.
A. high price aB. high priceC. a high priceD. high a price
17. ____ knwledge f space develps rapidly.A. Man’sB. Men’s C. Mens’D. Persn’s
18.I stayed at ____.A. Xia Wang’sB. Wang’s hme C. the Wangs D. hme f Wang
19. Sister Carrie wrks in a ____ factry.A. shesB. shsesC. she D. she’s
20. Have yu ever read ____?
A. tday newspaperB. newspaper tdayC. newspaper f tdayD. tday’s newspaper
21. Tw ____ walk didn’t made me tired.A. hurB. hursC. hur’sD. hurs’
22. The mther ver there is ____ mther.
A. Julia and MaryB. Julia and Mary’sC. Julia’s and Mary’sD. Julia’s and Mary
23. Li Ming’s handwriting is better than ____ in the class.
A. anyne’sB. anyne elseC. anyne’s else’sD. anyne else’s
24. The children are playing ____ n the ____.
A. sand, sandB. sands, sandsC. sand, sandsD. sands, sand
25. If these trusers are t big, buy a smaller ____.A. setB. neC. cpyD. pair
26. Tm usually takes a ____ in bus n rainy days.A. walkB. rideC. tripD. travel
27. We have n ____ abut where she has gne.
A. infrmatinB. newsC. messageD. flash
28. Fd and ____ are daily necessities（需要）fr the peple.
A. clthB. cltheC. clthesD. clthing
29. My ____ f hearing is nt s gd as it used t be.A. strength B. sense C. pwerD. skill
30. The ____ caused by carelessness ____ yesterday. Many wrkers were killed.
A. incident, was happenedB. matter, happened
C. event, was taken placeD. accident, tk place
31. The rm was s quiet that she culd hear the ____ f her heart.
A. beatingB. waysC. knckingD. striking
32. ____ has been tld nt t thrw waste things anywhere.
A. The publicB. PepleC. WmenD. Man
33. He was an ____ in the gvernment ____.
A. ffice, fficialB. fficial, fficeC. fficer, fficeD. fficial, fficer
34. There are several ____ in this nvel wh are different in ____.
A. character, characterB. characters, charactersC. character, charactersD. characters, character
35. We visited him ____ when he was in hspital.
A. every ther daysB. each ther dayC. every ther dayD. every tw day
36. My friend will return in ____.
A. ne day r twB. a day r twC. ne day r twD. a r tw days
37. ____ is always difficult fr me.
A. TranslatinB. TranslateC. The translatinD. A translatin
38. ____ f this nvel is excellent, quite t my surprise.
A. TranslatinB. TranslateC. The translatinD. A translatin
39. The plice ____ lking int the matter nw.A. beB. isC. areD. are ging t
40. The Chinese are ____ brave and hard wrking peple.A. the B. aC. /D. ne
41. N news ____ gd news.A. isB. areC. haveD. has
42. Maths still ____ very difficult fr me, thugh I have dne my best.
A. lksB. seemsC. isD. are
43. “Where ____ my trusers?” the by asked.A. isB. wasC. were D. are
44. Hw happy they are! Obviusly, they are ____.
A. in nice spiritsB. in nice spiritC. in high spiritsD. in high spirit
45. I saw many ____ seated in the crner reading smething.
A. JapaneseB. JapanesesC. f JapaneseD. f Japaneses
46. Father went t his dctr fr ____ abut his heart truble.
A. an adviceB. adviceC. advicesD. the advices
47. We are ____ and they are ____.A. Englishmen, Germans
B. Englishmen, GermanC. Englishmans, GermansD. Englishmen, Germen
48. ____ are made f ____.
A. A glass, a glassB. Glasses, glassC. The glass, the glassD. Glasses, glasses
49. I’ll have t buy ____ trusers.A. aB. tw C. a pair f D. a cuple f
50. There are tw ____ in ur class.A. LiuB. LiusC. Liu’sD. Lius’
51. ____ is needed in cld cuntries.
A. A lt f clthesB. Much clthingC. Many a clthD. Lts f clthes
52. They are ____.A. mathematics studentB. mathematic students
C. students in mathematicsD. mathematics students
53. The labratry assistant recrded the ____ reactins（反应）.
A. muses’B. miceC. mices’D. mice’s
54. This letter was sent by ____.
A. my father friendB. my father friend’sC. a friend f my father’sD. a friend f my father
55. Ten years had passed. I fund she had ____.
A. a little white hairB. sme white hairC. a few white hairD. a few white hairs
56. I have made ____ with Billy.A. friendsB. friendC. a friendD. the friend
57. The ppulatin f Beijing is ____ than that f Xi’an.A. mreB. largerC. fewerD. small
58. There are thirty-tw ____ in ur schl.
A. wman teacherB. wmen teacherC. wmen teachersD. wman teachers
59. He had tried everything but it made little______ .
A. use B. gd C. difference D. result
60. Yu must get there within half an hur. There shuld be n______ in sending the bld t the dying man.
A. wait B. delay C. time D. hurry
61. Enugh f it! Nbdy here thinks what yu are saying shuld make any______ .
A. excuse B. sense C. use D. value
62. -Hw dare yu play n such thin ice?-Playing n ice is nt my ______f spare time.
A. idea B. thught C. mind D. intentin
63. Helen said she wuld like t g t Atlanta by air, but I wnder if she has enugh mney t pay fr the______ .
A. travel B. turism C. jurney D. curse
64. One splendid muntain______ fllwed anther during ur jurney frm Mieheel mre t Rurunz.
A. view B. glance C. screen D. scene
65.The new law will cme int ___n the day it is passed. (1999上海)
A. effect B. use C. service D. existence
66. When yu play' ftball, what ______d yu play?
A. situatin B. place C. part D. psitin
67. It's imprtant fr us t emply a wrd r a phrase accrding t the______in language studies.
A. situatin B. expressin C. cnditin D. translatin
68. I wrte him a letter t shw my ______f his thughtfulness.
A. achievement B. agreement C. view D. appreciatin
69. One f the advantages f living n the tp flr f a high-rise is that yu can get a gd______ .
A. sight B. scene C. view D. lk
70. Nwadays natural gas, wind and ther frms f ______are widely used in the cuntry.
A. energy B. frce C. pwer D. materials
71. ______with freign cuntries can bring us much infrmatin abut the wrld.
A. Cntrast B. Cmpetitin C. Cntact D. Cmbinatin
72. We all knw that______speak luder than wrds.
A. mvements B. perfrmances C. peratins D. actins
73.We have wrked ut the plan and nw we must put it int ___.(NMET1997 38)
A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed
74.We've missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have n ____but t take a taxi.(Met 1993 ,33)
A. way B. chice C. pssibility D. selectin
75.He drpped the ___and brke it . (Met 1993, 38)
A. cup f cffee B. cffee's cup C. cup fr cffee D. cffee cup
76.Here's my card. Let's keep in ____. (NMET1994 ,33)
A. tuch B. relatin C. cnnectin D. friendship
77.He gained his ___by printing ___f famus writers.(NMET1995,40)
A. wealth; wrk B. wealths ; wrks C. wealths; wrk D. wealth; wrks
78.I'll lk int the matter as sn as pssible , just have a little ___.(MET 1996 ,10)
A. wait B. time C. patienceD. rest
79.If by any chance smene cmes t see me, ask them t leave a ____.(NMET1997,18)
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. ntice
80.These ftball players had n strict ___until they jined ur club. (1997.上海 20)
A. practice B. educatin C. exercise D. training
81.Many cuntries are increasing their use f natural gas, wind and ther frms f ___.(1996.上海.15)
A. energy B. surce C. pwer D. material
82.Yu'll find this map f great __in helping yu t get rund Lndn.(NMET 1998 21)
A. price B. cst C. value D. usefulness
83.We all knw that ___speak luder than wrds.(1999.上海 24)
A. mvements B. perfrmances C. peratins D. actins
84.My parents always let me have my wn ____f living. (1999.上海25)
A. way B. methd C. manner D. fashin
语法复习十七：名 词
1~5 BBDDD 6~10 BBCAA 11~15 ABCCB 16~20 DAACD 21~25 DBDCD
26~30 BADBD 31~35 AABDC 36~40 BACCB 41~45 ABDCA 46~50 BABCB
51~55 BDDCD 56~60 ABCCB 61~65 BACAA 66~70 DADCA 71~75 CDCBD
76~80 ADCAD 81~84 ACDA

[来源: